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Abstract An experiment was conducted for 60 days in a 500L capacity FRP tank containing inland ground saline water (fortified to a level of 50% potassium) with one control (sediment) and three treatments; T1(Paddy Straw Biochar (PSB) in sediment), T2 (Banana Peduncle Biochar (BPB) in sediment), and T3 (PSB + BPB in sediment). Biochar (100 g) was amended with sediment (25 kg) at 9 tons/ha. Shrimps of average weight 5 ± 0.03 g were stocked at 60 juveniles/m3 and were fed at satiation levels using commercially available feed. Compared to control, in biochar contained treatments the ammonia levels were reduced, the pH, alkalinity, calcium-magnesium ratio, and potassium in water, were increased significantly. Growth metrics reveal a significant increase in final body weight, weight gain percentage, PER, HPSI, SGR, and reduced FCR (within 1–1.26) in biochar-treated groups with the highest survivability (92%) was observed in T3, which is mixed biochar amended sediment. At the end of the experiment, shrimp organs (hepatopancreas, gills, and muscles) and serum were sampled for tissue enzymes and serum profiles, respectively. The mean levels of lipase, amylase and protease varied significantly, and in biochar treated groups significant reduction in the activities of oxidative stress enzymes (SOD and CAT in Hepatopancreas) were recorded in comparison to control. For the serum, higher hemocyanin (0.33 ± 0.01mMolL-1) was observed in mixed biochar amended treatment (T3) and the least in control. In addition, the glucose level in the serum was significantly dropped in biochar-amended groups indicating reduced stress levels, while it increased in control. T3 was found to be the best, among all, in improving growth performance and maintaining the water quality. Even though biochar-amended treatments demonstrated positive outcomes regarding inland saline water quality, growth metrics, and well-being of the P. vannamei compared to control, a deeper analysis is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms determining these beneficial effects of biochar.

Abstract Unresectable stage III NSCLC is now treated with chemoradiation (CRT) followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Pneumonitis, a common CRT complication, has heightened risk with ICI, potentially causing severe outcomes. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict pneumonitis risk or differentiate between radiation-induced pneumonitis (RTP) and ICI-induced pneumonitis (IIP). This study analyzed 293 patients from two institutions, with 140 experiencing pneumonitis (RTP: 84, IIP: 56). Two models were developed: M1 predicted pneumonitis risk using seven radiomic features, achieving high accuracy across internal and external datasets (AUCs: 0.76 and 0.85). M2 differentiated RTP from IIP, with strong performance (AUCs: 0.86 and 0.81). Gene set enrichment analysis linked high pneumonitis risk to pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and T-cell signaling, while high IIP risk correlated with MAPK and JAK–STAT pathways. Radiomic models show promise in early pneumonitis risk stratification and distinguishing pneumonitis types, potentially guiding personalized NSCLC treatment.

Aims: To compare the effectiveness between intra-articular injection (IAI) of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) vs hyaluronic acid (HA) vs activated PRP in primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee grades 1 and 2, in terms of pre- and postinjection functional outcome by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scale, and pre- and postinjection pain by visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and methods: The patients were divided into three groups based on the treatment they received. Group I received an HA injection of 25 mg, group II received an autologous PRP injection, and group III received an activated autologous PRP injection. The patients were evaluated primarily with WOMAC scale improvement and secondarily by VAS at the time of getting the injection (0), at the end of 1 month, and at the end of 3 months. Results: A total of 71 candidates were finally included in the study. Patients' mean age of HA, PRP, and activated PRP was 54.5 ± 6.79, 55.47 ± 6.31, and 55.73 ± 7.33, respectively. In the HA group, the total WOMAC index decreased from 42.95 ± 3.49 to 21.29 ± 21.29, from 41.52 ± 4.17 to 18.91 ± 1.4 in the PRP group, and from 43.82 ± 4.67 to 18.91 ± 2.44 in the activated PRP group after 3 months (p-value is significant). Regarding the VAS scale, it significantly decreased after 3 months in the activated PRP group compared to others. Conclusion: The data revealed significant improvements in the WOMAC scale and VAS in all the groups at the 1- and 3-month follow-up visits. When comparing the change of WOMAC Scale and VAS at 1- and 3-month follow-ups, significant differences were found between the PRP and HA group and the activated PRP group, with activated PRP showing better outcomes compared to others.

Abstract Ornamental fish keeping is the second most preferred hobby in the world and it provides a great opportunity for entrepreneurship development and income generation. Controlling the environment in ornamental fish farm is a considerable challenge because it is affected by a variety of parameters like water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and disease occurrences. One particular interesting ornamental fish species is goldfish (Carassius auratus). Machine learning (ML) and deep learning technique have significant potential in analysing voluminous data collected from fish farm. Through this technique, the fish farmers can get insight on feeding behaviour, fish growth patterns, predict diseases/stress, and environmental factors affecting fish health. The aim of the study is to analyze the behavioural changes in goldfish due to alterations in environmental parameters (water temperature and dissolved oxygen). Decision tree, Naïve Bayes classifier, K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to analyse the behavioural change data. To compare the performance between all four classifiers, cross validation and confusion matrix used. The cross-validation error of LDA, Naïve Bayes classification, KNN and decision tree was 19.86, 28.08, 30.14 and 13.78 respectively. Decision tree was proved to be the most accurate and effective classifier. Different temperature and DO range were taken to predict fish behaviour. Some findings are, the behaviour of fish was rest between temperature 37.85 °C and 40.535 °C, erratic when temperature was greater than or equal to 40.535 °C, gasping when temperature was between 37.85 and 40.535 °C and when DO concentration was less than 6.58 mg/L. Blood parameter analysis has been done to validate the change in external behaviours with change in physiological parameters.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to look at the clinical spectrum, treatment options, and visual outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric uveitis from a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary eye center in South India. Cases of pediatric uveitis between January 2012 and June 2022 were retrieved from the hospital’s medical database. Uveitis was classified according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria. Demographic details, clinical presentation, complications, medical and surgical management, and visual outcome were evaluated. Results: Two hundred and six eyes of 132 cases were included, with a median age of 12 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Bilaterality was seen in 63.1% of cases. The mean duration of uveitis was 11.5 ± 18.5 months, and the mean follow-up period was 20.5 ± 25.1 months. Noninfectious uveitis was seen in 70.45% cases. Most common etiology in the noninfectious group was idiopathic (27.3%), while in the infectious group, it was tuberculosis (TB; 14.4%). Immunomodulators were used in 43.9% and biologics in 10.9% of cases. Most common complications were cataract (25.24%) and posterior synechiae (21.35%). Surgical procedures were done in 12.62%. The mean visual acuity was 0.81 ± 1.14 log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) at presentation and 0.49 ± 0.87 logMAR at the end of the study (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Pediatric uveitis poses a challenge in comparison to adult uveitis. Our study highlights the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management to prevent sequelae. Multidisciplinary approach is a key in improving the overall visual prognosis.

Over the past decade, rehabilitative devices have undergone significant advancements. Orthoses, which are assistive limb devices, have transitioned from passive supportive devices to active or semiactive devices with adjustable damping. Similarly, prosthetic limb-replacement devices for amputees have shifted towards the integration of semiactive dampers instead of passive or bulky dampers. The implementation of semiactive damping is achieved through the use of smart magnetorheological (MR) fluids that can modify their viscosity based on the input current, resulting in reduced power consumption. This article focuses mainly on modelling, sensors and control strategies in MR damper-based rehabilitative devices since these areas contribute to the development of the overall end product. There have been notable improvements in the modelling of human knee joints and the damping system components, aiming to achieve more efficient damping control. Traditional mathematical equations, such as Lagrangian and Newtonian formulations, have been supplemented with machine learning algorithms. Additionally, the utilization of various sensor combinations to measure knee/ankle joint angles has advanced. These sensors range from basic mechanical sensors to wireless inertial and piezoelectric sensors, enabling faster and more diverse communication. Furthermore, control algorithms have also witnessed a progression from classical control approaches to more sophisticated strategies such as fuzzy control and neural network controllers. These advanced control algorithms enhance the overall performance and responsiveness of the rehabilitative devices. However, there are certain disadvantages found in MR fluids, sensors, modelling and control algorithms that are discussed further in this review article. This review explores the developments in different rehabilitative devices that integrate modelling, sensors, and control designs to achieve optimal and efficient outcomes.

In recent years, an alarming number of natural disasters, specifically hurricanes and floods have affected the United States. Flooding is a global crisis, however we still do not have an automated approach for real-time flood risk detection and mitigation. Detecting inundation in urban areas and road segments is crucial for vehicle routing and traffic management. Unlike remote sensing images that have been used in past studies, it is better to mine social media data and geo-tagged images or videos for flood estimation in near real time. In this paper, multimedia content was collected from social media streaming services, primarily Twitter for analysis. We propose DX-FloodLine, an interpretable, intelligent, multi-stage, end-to-end, deep neural network-based pipeline to classify near real time emerging flood occurrence from images and detect submerged objects and pedestrians around flooded regions. We introduce a novel hybrid neural network for flood detection, a VGG16(Visual Geometry Group 16-layer model)-LSTM (Long short term memory) ensemble. Our novel ensemble architecture recognizes flood in images in the first stage of pipeline, to be later passed on to second stage for object detection. We applied interpretable models to flood classifiers to identify model shortcomings and then incrementally train for continuous improvement. DX-FloodLine was deployed and tested on unseen and near real time streamed flood images. Our VGG16-LSTM flood recognition model achieved around 90% validation accuracy on multiple benchmark studies and surpassed other competitors by a good margin.

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months–18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male – 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female – 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD. CONCLUSION: This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.

Abstract Premise Robust standards to evaluate quality and completeness are lacking in eukaryotic structural genome annotation, as genome annotation software is developed using model organisms and typically lacks benchmarking to comprehensively evaluate the quality and accuracy of the final predictions. The annotation of plant genomes is particularly challenging due to their large sizes, abundant transposable elements, and variable ploidies. This study investigates the impact of genome quality, complexity, sequence read input, and method on protein‐coding gene predictions. Methods The impact of repeat masking, long‐read and short‐read inputs, and de novo and genome‐guided protein evidence was examined in the context of the popular BRAKER and MAKER workflows for five plant genomes. The annotations were benchmarked for structural traits and sequence similarity. Results Benchmarks that reflect gene structures, reciprocal similarity search alignments, and mono‐exonic/multi‐exonic gene counts provide a more complete view of annotation accuracy. Transcripts derived from RNA‐read alignments alone are not sufficient for genome annotation. Gene prediction workflows that combine evidence‐based and ab initio approaches are recommended, and a combination of short and long reads can improve genome annotation. Adding protein evidence from de novo assemblies, genome‐guided transcriptome assemblies, or full‐length proteins from OrthoDB generates more putative false positives as implemented in the current workflows. Post‐processing with functional and structural filters is highly recommended. Discussion While the annotation of non‐model plant genomes remains complex, this study provides recommendations for inputs and methodological approaches. We discuss a set of best practices to generate an optimal plant genome annotation and present a more robust set of metrics to evaluate the resulting predictions.

Purpose: To study the presence and development of strabismus in children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism. Methods: This is a prospective, longitudinal, and observational study. Sixty children aged between 6 months and 18 years with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination were recruited. A detailed analysis of the history, determination of best corrected visual acuity, complete evaluation of strabismus, and ocular examination were carried out. The presence of telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism and associated strabismus, if any, was noted. All children were followed up for a minimum and maximum period of 12 and 18 months, respectively, to analyze the strabismus (previously present) and for detection of strabismus in those who did not have. The data were analyzed descriptively with mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and Fishers exact test were used to analyze the data between the groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Telecanthus was the most common lid feature (55%). At baseline, ten (16.66%) children had strabismus (six: esotropia; four: exotropia). Two (3.33%) children underwent surgery. One child developed exotropia at the third follow-up (18 months). At the end of the study, 11 (18.33%) children had strabismus. No significant association was seen between lid characteristics and the type of strabismus. Conclusion: Children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination may or may not have associated strabismus. These features can pose difficulty in strabismus diagnosis, which mandates a careful examination, especially in younger age groups and small-angle strabismus. On the other hand, children without strabismus need longer follow-up to detect the development of strabismus and to initiate further management at the earliest.

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women frequently presenting with anovulatory infertility. Low successful pregnancy and live birth rates even after successful ovulation induction (OI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in these patients indicate that endometrial dysfunction may be another important factor contributing to infertility. Vitamin D acting through nuclear receptors induces the expression of various genes required for cell growth and differentiation and plays a crucial role in reproduction. Homeobox 10 (HOXA10) may be one of the potential targets for vitamin D action. HOXA10 gene product promotes the differentiation of endometrial cells, making the endometrium receptive for implantation. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of circulating vitamin D levels on HOXA10 gene expression in endometrial tissues and its possible influence on the reproductive outcome of PCOS patients undergoing OI procedure. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 110 infertile PCOS patients. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: Vitamin D ≥20 ng/ml, Group 2: Vitamin D

Background and Aims: Orthopedic operation theater staff is exposed to primary and scattered radiation during various fluoroscopy-assisted operative procedures during their routine working hours. This exposure is associated with significant health hazard. This prospective study is designed primarily to determine the level of radiation exposure among them and to compare it with the current safety guidelines and secondarily to measure the cumulative scattered radiation exposure inside operation theater complex. Subjects and Methods: Total 15 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used during the study. Seven TLDs were used per team and per procedure at designated position. Participating staff were instructed to use personal protective equipment and to wear the TLDs at all times during their study period. TLDs were analyzed at the end of 6 months. Results: The mean value of radiation exposure of anesthesia machine, orthopedic surgeon, anesthetist with TLD above lead apron, anesthetist with TLD below lead apron, and scrub nurse was 0.05, 1.85, 0.1, 0, and 0.625 mSv units, respectively. The highest individual values for orthopedic surgeon, anesthetist with TLD above the lead apron, and scrub nurse were 2.75, 0.1, and 0.7 mSv units, respectively. All these readings were within permissible limit. Conclusions: If standard safety precautions were followed, cumulative ionizing radiation exposure to participating staff as well as scattered radiation exposure within operation theater complex is minimal and within permissible limit. Routine personal dosimetric monitoring is desirable in staff working with fluoroscopy-guided procedure along with the use of personal protective equipment. Periodic training on radiation risk and protection should be conducted for them to heighten the awareness.

Abstract High concentrations of carotenoids are protective against cardiometabolic risk traits (CMTs) in adults and children. We recently showed in non-diabetic Mexican American (MA) children that serum α-carotene and β-carotene are inversely correlated with obesity measures and triglycerides and positively with HDL cholesterol and that they were under strong genetic influences. Additionally, we previously described a Pediatric Metabolic Index (PMI) that helps in the identification of children who are at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we quantified serum lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin concentrations in approximately 580 children from MA families using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and determined their heritabilities and correlations with CMTs. Using response surface methodology (RSM), we determined two-way interactions of carotenoids and PMI on Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). The concentrations of lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin were highly heritable [h2 = 0.98, P = 7 × 10–18 and h2 = 0.58, P = 1 × 10–7]. We found significant (P ≤ 0.05) negative phenotypic correlations between β-cryptoxanthin and five CMTs: body mass index (− 0.22), waist circumference (− 0.25), triglycerides (− 0.18), fat mass (− 0.23), fasting glucose (− 0.09), and positive correlations with HDL cholesterol (0.29). In contrast, lycopene only showed a significant negative correlation with fasting glucose (− 0.08) and a positive correlation with HDL cholesterol (0.18). Importantly, we found that common genetic influences significantly contributed to the observed phenotypic correlations. RSM showed that increased serum concentrations of α- and β-carotenoids rather than that of β-cryptoxanthin or lycopene had maximal effects on ISI. In summary, our findings suggest that the serum carotenoids are under strong additive genetic influences and may have differential effects on susceptibility to CMTs in children.

Background: Feedback gives an opportunity to students to analyze their work, performance, correct themselves and improves learning. The outcome also depends on the way it is delivered, and hence, we analyzed the effect of constructive feedback on students' performance and their perceptions. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a structured constructive feedback on the performance of low achieving students and to analyze their perceptions on feedback. Methodology: Students of the 1st year MBBS scoring

Objective: Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (EPs) are rare and potentially life threatening. The number is rising due to various risk factors and there are no uniform guidelines in the management of EPs. This study was done to assess risk factors and challenges in the management of EPs. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational descriptive study that was done at SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University Dharwad, Karnataka India. Data was collected from the medical records section of all the patients of non-tubal ectopic pregnancies managed in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. The collected data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, risk factors and management. Results: The incidence of ectopic pregnancies in our institute was 6-7 per 1000 pregnancies, of which 20% of the ectopic pregnancies were non-tubal. The incidence was higher than the other studies, which could be due to our center being a tertiary care referral center. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies were the most common accounting for 60% of cases. The management varied from conservative to minimally invasive surgery to hysterectomy hysterectomy with bilateral internal iliac artery ligation, depending upon the clinical presentation, duration of gestation, presence of fetal cardiac activity and hemodynamic stability. The other non-tubal ectopic pregnancies were cervical, ovarian, corneal and heterotopic. Cervical pregnancy beyond 12 weeks of gestation was rare which was managed by conserving the uterus. Conclusion: Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies are rare. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion if missed can lead to an array of complications leading to loss of fertility, morbidity, and mortality. The key step to avert the complications is early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

In this work, a DC microgrid consists of a solar photovoltaic, wind power system and fuel cells as sources interlinked with the utility grid. The appropriate sizing and positioning of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) are concurrently determined to curtail the negative impact of their placement on the distribution network’s operational parameters. The charging station location problem is presented in a multi-objective context comprising voltage stability, reliability, the power loss (VRP) index and cost as objective functions. RES and EVCS location and capacity are chosen as the objective variables. The objective functions are tested on modified IEEE 33 and 123-bus radial distribution systems. The minimum value of cost obtained is USD 2.0250 × 106 for the proposed case. The minimum value of the VRP index is obtained by innovative scheme 6, i.e., 9.6985 and 17.34 on 33-bus and 123-bus test systems, respectively. The EVCSs on medium- and large-scale networks are optimally placed at bus numbers 2, 19, 20; 16, 43, and 107. There is a substantial rise in the voltage profile and a decline in the VRP index with RESs’ optimal placement at bus numbers 2, 18, 30; 60, 72, and 102. The location and size of an EVCS and RESs are optimized by the modified teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) technique, and the results show the effectiveness of RESs in reducing the VRP index using the proposed algorithm.

Introduction: Essential hypertension is a systemic disease which affects endothelial basement membrane. Changes in Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) distribution pattern on glomerular basement membrane has been noted in hypertension. Hence it seems likely that an increase excretion of GAG levels may be an indicator of reduction in renal function. The qualitative or quantitative determination of urinary GAGs may be of value and could constitute a non invasive marker to assess the renal damage in essential hypertension. Aim: Differential analysis of urinary GAGs in essential hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This analytical case-control observational study which was conducted from November 2014 to June 2016 in Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The study group included 50 male patients with age group of 30-60 years, clinically diagnosed with essential hypertension. Control group included 50 healthy male individuals with age group of 30-60 years, blood donors visiting to hospital blood bank. Random urine sample was collected. Urine creatinine was estimated by Jaffe’s method, urine GAGs by Dimethyl methylene blue (DMMB) dye method and urine microalbumin by particle enhanced Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method. Correlation was tested with Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Level of significance was set for p-value

Background: There has been enormous curiosity in the development of alternative plant based medicines to control diabetes, oxidative stress and related disorders. One of the therapeutic approaches is to reduce postprandial release of glucose in the blood. Two key enzymes that are involved in reducing postprandial glucose are α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Mentha arvensis L. has been traditionally used by several tribes as a medicinal plant to treat various disorders. Objective: The present study was undertaken to test M. arvenisis L. for inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia. Material and method: We performed various in vitro and in vivo tests to evaluate efficacy of M. arvenisis L. for antidiabetic activity (postprandial hyperglycemia). Results: Methanolic extract of M. arvensis L. leaves showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity (more than 78% μg/μl) and high antiglycation potential (more than 90% inhibition of AGE formation). Methanolic extract also showed remarkable inhibitory effects on α-amylase (more than 50% μg/μl) and α-glucosidase (68% μg/μl) and significant inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia in starch induced diabetic Wistar rats. Conclusion: The non-insulin dependent antidiabetic or inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of M. arvensis L. leaves was shown by using in vitro and in vivo approaches in the present study. Keywords: Mentha arvensis L., DPPH, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, Postprandial hyperglycemia

Data in this article presents aroma volatiles and fatty acids composition of mesocarp specific malady namely spongy tissue disorder in Mangifera indica cv. Alphonso. Quantitative changes in various aroma volatile compound classes as well as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in spongy tissue vis-à-vis healthy mesocarp have been analyzed throughout the development of the disorder. Statistical data analysis correlates the dynamic changes in the aroma volatiles composition to that of the modulation in the fatty acids profile. Key words: Volatiles, Fatty acid composition, Spongy tissue disorder

Background: Urolithiasis is the third common disorder of the urinary system affecting 10–15% of the general population. In recent years, search for new antilithiatic drugs from natural sources has assumed greater importance. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of methanolic extract of Duranta erecta leaves by in vitro and in vivo analysis. Materials and methods: The study was designed to determine presence of phytochemicals in D. erecta, its yield in percentage, antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and anti-microbial property against few bacteria. In vitro analysis was carried out study anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta by nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay for inhibition of calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals formation. An in vivo experiment was performed on Wistar rats for confirmation of anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta in animal model. Results: D. erecta has the presence of primary and secondary metabolites like glycoside, saponins, sterols, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates and proteins. Methanolic extract of D. erecta gave a very good yield (60%). D. erecta proved its antioxidant potential by 93.51% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL where ascorbic showed 94.71% of DPPH radical at the same concentration. In vitro tests like nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay showed that D. erecta inhibits formation of calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. It also showed the anti-microbial property by formation of zone of inhibition against few bacteria. An in vivo experiment on Wistar rat animal model confirmed the anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta L. leaves extract. Conclusions: Based on the results, we reported that D. erecta may treat calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney by preventing hyperoxaluria-induced peroxidative damage to the renal tubular membrane surface (lipid peroxidation). It has anti-microbial potential so it may also inhibit the secondary bacterial infection in kidney. Based on the data, it can be concluded that this herb can be used as a potential anti-urolithiasis agent for kidney stone removal. Keywords: Antiurolithitic, Duranta erecta, Sodium oxalate, Antimicrobial, Urolithiasis

Carotid Intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque are well established markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and are widely used for identifying subclinical atherosclerotic disease. We performed association analyses using Metabochip array to identify genetic variants that influence variation in CIMT and plaque, measured using B-mode ultrasonography, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Data on genetic associations of common variants associated with both CIMT and plaque in RA subjects involving Mexican Americans (MA) and European Americans (EA) populations are presented in this article. Strong associations were observed after adjusting for covariate effects including baseline clinical characteristics and statin use. Susceptibility loci and genes and/or nearest genes associated with CIMT in MAs and EAs with RA are presented. In addition, common susceptibility loci influencing CIMT and plaque in both MAs and EAs have been presented. Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) plots showing complementary evidence for the observed CIMT and plaque association signals are also shown in this article. For further interpretation and details, please see the research article titled “A Genetic Association Study of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) and Plaque in Mexican Americans and European Americans with Rheumatoid Arthritis” which is being published in Atherosclerosis (Arya et al., 2018) [1].(Arya et al., in press) Thus, common variants in several genes exhibited significant associations with CIMT and plaque in both MAs and EAs as presented in this article. These findings may help understand the genetic architecture of subclinical atherosclerosis in RA populations.

Abstract Fusarium wilt is one of the major biotic stresses reducing chickpea productivity. The use of wilt-resistant cultivars is the most appropriate means to combat the disease and secure productivity. As a step towards understanding the molecular basis of wilt resistance in chickpea, we investigated the transcriptomes of wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant cultivars under both Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) challenged and unchallenged conditions. Transcriptome profiling using LongSAGE provided a valuable insight into the molecular interactions between chickpea and Foc, which revealed several known as well as novel genes with differential or unique expression patterns in chickpea contributing to lignification, hormonal homeostasis, plant defense signaling, ROS homeostasis, R-gene mediated defense, etc. Similarly, several Foc genes characteristically required for survival and growth of the pathogen were expressed only in the susceptible cultivar with null expression of most of these genes in the resistant cultivar. This study provides a rich resource for functional characterization of the genes involved in resistance mechanism and their use in breeding for sustainable wilt-resistance. Additionally, it provides pathogen targets facilitating the development of novel control strategies.

Abstract Alphonso is known as the “King of mangos” due to its unique flavor, attractive color, low fiber pulp and long shelf life. We analyzed the transcriptome of Alphonso mango through Illumina sequencing from seven stages of fruit development and ripening as well as flower. Total transcriptome data from these stages ranged between 65 and 143 Mb. Importantly, 20,755 unique transcripts were annotated and 4,611 were assigned enzyme commission numbers, which encoded 142 biological pathways. These included ethylene and flavor related secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, as well as those involved in metabolism of starch, sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids. Differential regulation (p-value ≤ 0.05) of thousands of transcripts was evident in various stages of fruit development and ripening. Novel transcripts for biosynthesis of mono-terpenes, sesqui-terpenes, di-terpenes, lactones and furanones involved in flavor formation were identified. Large number of transcripts encoding cell wall modifying enzymes was found to be steady in their expression, while few were differentially regulated through these stages. Novel 79 transcripts of inhibitors of cell wall modifying enzymes were simultaneously detected throughout Alphonso fruit development and ripening, suggesting controlled activity of these enzymes involved in fruit softening.

AimAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is a strong correlate of obesity and is considered a marker of insulin resistance (IR). AN is associated with various other cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). However, the direct causal relationship of IR with AN in obesity has been debated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the complex causal relationships among the troika of AN, obesity, and IR in Mexican Americans (MAs).MethodsWe used data from 670 non-diabetic MA children, aged 6-17 years (49% girls). AN (prevalence 33%) severity scores (range 0-5) were used as a quasi-quantitative trait (AN-q) for analysis. We used the program SOLAR for determining phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between AN-q and CMRFs (e.g., BMI, HOMA-IR, lipids, blood pressure, hs-C-reactive protein (CRP), and Harvard physical fitness score (PFS)). The genetic and environmental correlations were subsequently used in mediation analysis (AMOS program). Model comparisons were made using goodness-of-fit indexes.ResultsHeritability of AN-q was 0.75 (pConclusionOur study suggests that obesity explains the association of IR with AN, but no causal relationship between IR and AN in Mexican American children.

The data presented in this article is in support of the research paper “Genetic and phytochemical investigations for understanding population variability of the medicinally important tree Saraca asoca to help develop conservation strategies” Hegde et al., 2018. This article provides PCR based Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and HPLC datasets of 106 individual samples of Saraca asoca collected from various geographical ranges of the Western Ghats of India. The ISSR data includes information on genetic diversity and images of population structures generated through amplified DNA products from samples of Saraca asoca leaf. Phytochemical data obtained from HPLC includes concentration (mg/g) of gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), and epicatechin (EPI). The data also presents information obtained from various statistical analysis viz. standard error of the mean values, distribution variables, prediction accuracy, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Keywords: Chemical profiling, Conservation, Genetic diversity, Population genetics, Statistical analysis, Western ghats

Data in this article presents fatty acid composition of three mango cultivars; Alphonso, Pairi and Kent through fruit development and ripening. Change in the ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids level during mango fruit development and ripening is depicted. Also, data on aroma volatile ‘lactones’ composition from pulp and skin tissues of these cultivars at their ripe stage, respectively is provided. Statistical data is also shown, which correlates modulation in lactone content with that of fatty acid composition and content during fruit development and ripening in all the three mango cultivars.

The data presented in this article is related to the research article “RNAi of selected candidate genes interrupts growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera” (Chikate et al., 2016) [1]. RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as a potent insect pest control strategy over current methods and their resistance by pest. In this study we tested 15 different in vitro synthesized dsRNAs for gene silencing in Helicoverpa armigera. These dsRNAs were specific against H. armigera enzymes/proteins such as proteases like trypsins (HaTry2, 3, 4 and 6), chymotrypsin (HaChy4) and cysteine proteases such as cathepsin (HaCATHL); glutathione S-transferases (HaGST1a, 6 and 8); esterases (HaAce4, HaJHE); catalase (HaCAT); super-oxide-dismutase (HaCu/ZnSOD); fatty acid binding protein (HaFabp) and chitin deacetylase (HaCda5b). These dsRNAs were fed to second instar larvae at an optimized dose (60 µg/day) for 3 days separately. Effects of dsRNA feeding were observed in terms of larval mass gain, percentage mortality and phenotypic abnormalities in later developmental stages of H. armigera. These findings might provide potential new candidates for designing sequence-specific dsRNA as pesticide in crop protection. Keywords: RNAi, dsRNA, H. armigera, Gene silencing, Pest control

Intestinal obstruction due to strangulated hernias, adhesive bands or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion is treated with immediate surgical intervention. To restore the blood flow of the ischemic bowel, surgical exploration followed by supportive intensive care is important. A sixty years old hypertensive female, with previous history of ischemic heart disease and thrombosis of right axillary artery underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy uneventfully followed by supraventricular tachycardia in the immediate postoperative period. Generalized atherosclerosis, athero-thrombosis of right axillary artery and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can be correlated with the pro-thrombotic state and the possible deficiency of anticoagulant factors led to embolism and life threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.

Background and Aims: Pre-operative negative valence communications adversely affect intra and post-operative pain experience. This study was conducted to evaluate the teaching of communication skills by teachers in anaesthesia department and whether the post-operative pain is effectively modified due to the skill of communication acquired by students. Methods: All students and teachers in the department participated in the study. Patients with uncomplicated pregnancy posted for elective lower segment caesarean section were involved. Students were taught to explain the anaesthesia plan pre-operatively to the patients in a positive manner. They were taught the practice of giving positive suggestions before any potentially painful stimulus. Pre-operatively all students informed the patients about the conduct of spinal anaesthesia. The teachers evaluated the students performing spinal block. The performance was rated for procedural and interpersonal skills (direct observation of procedural skills [DOPS] and Smith and Kendall Behavioural scale [SKBS] respectively). The extent of cooperation and the ease with which spinal block could be administered correctly by the student was judged by the teacher. Post-operatively students were randomly provided questionnaires to elicit answers from patients. Results: P value DOPS and SKBS (0.567, 0.867) show no significant statistical variation. P > 0.05 = not significant, indicates no significant variation in procedural and behavioural skills of students in two groups. Conclusion: Teaching of communication skills to students showed a demonstrable effect on their pre-operative dialogue with patients. Pain mechanism was effectively modulated by improving patients′ psychology to undergo anaesthesia.

Introduction: A total serum bilirubin level above 5 mg/dL in neonates is defined as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In the first week of life around 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice, and at 1 month about 10% of breastfed babies are still jaundiced. This condition is associated with a wide variety of biochemical disturbances. Aim: To study the biochemical disturbances in babies with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: We studied 82 babies with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and compared 82 normal healthy term babies. All birth details and biochemical investigations including serum bilirubin, lactate levels, total calcium, ionized calcium, magnesium, urea, and creatinine were recorded in a prestructured proforma. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and Student’s ‘t’ test was used for analysis of data. Results: We found that females were 42.7% and males were 57% indicating a male preponderance in the case group. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was more common in babies born by caesarean section (65.8%) and babies born at gestation

Preservation of the pulp in a traumatized immature fractured incisor tooth is of prime importance in order to achieve apexogenesis, a natural apical closure. The main factor influencing this is pulpal protection by a bioactive material proving optimum marginal seal in preventing any microleakage. This case report presents an 8-year-old female diagnosed with Ellis Class 3 fracture of immature tooth 11 involving the mesial pulp horn. Under rubber dam isolation, a partial pulpotomy was performed and the pulp was sealed using a new bioactive material BIODENTINE to stimulate apexogenesis, dentine replacement and pulp protection. The fractured segment was reattached for optimum esthetics, which was a concern for the patient. The patient was followed-up for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, which revealed continued apical closure and maintenance of pulp vitality. The patient remained asymptomatic. This case report provides evidence for the potential use of Biodentine as an effective pulp capping material in the future.

Imaging features of fat necrosis vary depending on its stage of evolution and can mimic malignancy in late stages. Imaging may suffice to differentiate fat necrosis in the early stages from malignancy and thus avoid unnecessary biopsy. In this pictorial essay, we present combination of benign features in mammography and/or ultrasonography (USG) that can lead to imaging diagnosis of fat necrosis. The follow-up imaging features of fat necrosis which mirror its pathophysiological evolution have also been demonstrated. To summarize, in the appropriate clinical setting, no mammographic features suspicious for malignancy should be present. When the typical mammographic features are not present, USG can aid with the diagnosis and follow up USG can confirm it.

Magnets have generated great interest within dentistry. They have been used for various applications in orthodontics and prosthodontics. Earlier use of magnets was limited due to the unavailability of small size magnets, but after the introduction of rare earth magnets and their availability in smaller sizes, their use has increased considerably. They can be placed within prostheses without being obtrusive in the mouth. Their main use in orthodontics has been for tooth movement and in prosthodontics has been in maxillofacial prosthesis and in overdentures as retentive aids. This article reviews the types of magnets available and their application in maxillofacial prosthesis and overdentures, followed by other advantages and disadvantages.

Probiotic bacteria have been added to various foods because of their beneficial effects for human health, especially gut. Numerous studies have proved definite reliability of these viable bacteria in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections and diseases. The effect of probiotic in prevention and treatment of various oral disorders is also being studied. Although only a few clinical studies have been conducted so far, the results to date suggest that probiotics could be useful in preventing and treating oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and halitosis. This article summarizes the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for oral health.

Background The natural history of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment in the United States is not well described. We describe the natural history of CAA in US Kawasaki disease (KD) patients and identify factors associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and CAA regression. Methods and Results We evaluated all KD patients with CAA at 2 centers from 1979 to 2014. Factors associated with CAA regression, maximum CA z‐score over time (zMax), and MACE were analyzed. We performed a matched analysis of treatment effect on likelihood of CAA regression. Of 2860 KD patients, 500 (17%) had CAA, including 90 with CAA z‐score >10. Most (91%) received IVIG within 10 days of illness, 32% received >1 IVIG, and 27% received adjunctive anti‐inflammatory medications. CAA regression occurred in 75%. Lack of CAA regression and higher CAA zMax were associated with earlier era, larger CAA z‐score at diagnosis, and bilateral CAA in univariate and multivariable analyses. MACE occurred in 24 (5%) patients and was associated with higher CAA z‐score at diagnosis and lack of IVIG treatment. In a subset of patients (n=132) matched by age at KD and baseline CAA z‐score, those receiving IVIG plus adjunctive medication had a CAA regression rate of 91% compared with 68% for the 3 other groups (IVIG alone, IVIG ≥2 doses, or IVIG ≥2 doses plus adjunctive medication). Conclusions CAA regression occurred in 75% of patients. CAA z‐score at diagnosis was highly predictive of outcomes, which may be improved by early IVIG treatment and adjunctive therapies.

La publicación del Debate sobre “Cuerpos Humanos para la Enseñanza de la Anatomía: Importancia y Procuración – Experiencia con la Donación de Cadáveres” en el último número llamó la atención de la comunidad anatómica internacional por la amplitud del enfoque y la diversidad de las situaciones mencionadas. Aunque es posible encontrar muchos otros artículos sobre el tema, generalmente se enfocan a una experiencia particular, un país o, eventualmente, a un continente. Este Debate dio una breve visión sobre diferentes continentes y provesó un rápido punto de vista sobre los acuerdos y diversidad de problemas que afrontan los profesores de Anatomía en una amplia variedad de culturas. Tal como se especificó en la primera parte, los comentarios, consultas y respuestas de los participantes iniciales y los lectores en general serían considerados para una segunda parte del Debate. Todas las contribuciones significativas han sido organizadas e incluidas en esta instancia. Los lectores podrán encontrar información importante relativa a Australia, República Checa, Rusia, Turquía y Venezuela y comentarios adicionales a los conceptos previamente publicados sobre India, Malasia, Sudáfrica y Estados Unidos. Publication of the Debate on “Human Bodies to Teach Anatomy: Importance and Procurement – Experience with Cadaver Donation” in the immediate past issue called the attention of the international anatomic community because of the broad approach and the diversity of the mentioned situations. Instead it is possible to find many other articles on this topic they are usually focused on a particular experience, country or, eventually, a continent. This Debate gave a brief mapping on different continents and provided a quick point of view on agreements and diversity of problems afforded by the professors of Anatomy under a wide variety of cultures. As it was specified in the first part, comments, queries and answers from the initial participants and general readers should be considered as a second part of the Debate. All significant contributions have been organized and included in this instance. Readers may find important information related to Australia, Czech Republic, Russia, Turkey and Venezuela, and additional comments on the previous published concepts about India, Malaysia, South Africa and United States.

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) is known to be linked to oxidative reactions and atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase (PON1) has been implicated in the prevention of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) lipid peroxidation and also degrades biologically active oxidised lipids in lipoprotein. Aim: The present study was taken up to assess PON1 levels in paediatric nephrotic syndrome and also to see if any correlation exists between lipid parameters and PON1. Materials and Methods: This study consists of Group 1 with 40 cases of NS in the age group of 2-14 years and Group 2 with 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Lipid profile and paraoxonase activity was measured in serum samples of both the groups. Results: Statistical analysis by student’s t-test showed that the mean levels of Total Cholesterol, Trigylycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly increased in Group 1 when compared to Group 2 (p

Dental caries is one of the most common diseases in humans. In modern times, it has reached epidemic proportions. Dental caries is an infectious microbiologic disease of the teeth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue. Dental caries is a mulitifactorial disease, which is caused by host, agent, and environmental factors. The time factor is important for the development and progression of dental caries. A wide group of microorganisms are identified from carious lesions of which S. mutans , Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Actinomyces viscosus are the main pathogenic species involved in the initiation and development of dental caries. In India, surveys done on school children showed caries prevalence of approximately 58%. Surveys among the U.S. population showed an incidence of 45.3% in children and 93.8% in adults with either past or present coronal caries. Huge amounts of money and time are spent in treating dental caries. Hence, the prevention and control of dental caries is the main aim of public health, eventually the ultimate objective of public health is the elimination of the disease itself. Recently, dental caries vaccines have been developed for the prevention of dental caries. These dental caries vaccines are still in the early stages.

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) is a constant threat to chickpea productivity in several parts of the world. Understanding the molecular basis of chickpea-Foc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to Foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. We transformed Foc race 2 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and used it to characterize pathogen progression and colonization in wilt-susceptible (JG62) and wilt-resistant (Digvijay) chickpea cultivars using confocal microscopy. We also employed quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate the pathogen load and progression across various tissues of both the chickpea cultivars during the course of the disease. Additionally, the expression of several candidate pathogen virulence genes was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed their characteristic expression in wilt-susceptible and resistant chickpea cultivars. Our results suggest that the pathogen colonizes the susceptible cultivar defeating its defense; however, albeit its entry in the resistant plant, further proliferation is severely restricted providing an evidence of efficient defense mechanism in the resistant chickpea cultivar.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease that is more prevalent in ethnic groups such as Mexican Americans, and is strongly associated with the risk factors obesity and insulin resistance. The goal of this study was to perform whole genome gene expression profiling in adipose tissue to detect common patterns of gene regulation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. We used phenotypic and genotypic data from 308 Mexican American participants from the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES). Basal fasting RNA was extracted from adipose tissue biopsies from a subset of 75 unrelated individuals, and gene expression data generated on the Illumina BeadArray platform. The number of gene probes with significant expression above baseline was approximately 31,000. We performed multiple regression analysis of all probes with 15 metabolic traits. Adipose tissue had 3,012 genes significantly associated with the traits of interest (false discovery rate, FDR ≤ 0.05). The significance of gene expression changes was used to select 52 genes with significant (FDR ≤ 10(-4)) gene expression changes across multiple traits. Gene sets/Pathways analysis identified one gene, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) that was significantly enriched (P < 10(-60)) as a prime candidate for involvement in multiple relevant metabolic pathways. Illumina BeadChip derived ADH1B expression data was consistent with quantitative real time PCR data. We observed significant inverse correlations with waist circumference (2.8 x 10(-9)), BMI (5.4 x 10(-6)), and fasting plasma insulin (P < 0.001). These findings are consistent with a central role for ADH1B in obesity and insulin resistance and provide evidence for a novel genetic regulatory mechanism for human metabolic diseases related to these traits.

DNA barcoding enables precise identification of species from analysis of unique DNA sequence of a target gene. The present study was undertaken to develop barcodes for different species of the genus Dalbergia, an economically important timber plant and is widely distributed in the tropics. Ten Dalbergia species selected from the Western Ghats of India were evaluated using three regions in the plastid genome (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA), a nuclear transcribed spacer (nrITS) and their combinations, in order to discriminate them at species level. Five criteria: (i) inter and intraspecific distances, (ii) Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees, (iii) Best Match (BM) and Best Close Match (BCM), (iv) character based rank test and (v) Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for species discrimination. Among the evaluated loci, rbcL had the highest success rate for amplification and sequencing (97.6%), followed by matK (97.0%), trnH-psbA (94.7%) and nrITS (80.5%). The inter and intraspecific distances, along with Wilcoxon signed rank test, indicated a higher divergence for nrITS. The BM and BCM approaches revealed the highest rate of correct species identification (100%) with matK, matK+rbcL and matK+trnH-psb loci. These three loci, along with nrITS, were further supported by character based identification method. Considering the overall performance of these loci and their ranking with different approaches, we suggest matK and matK+rbcL as the most suitable barcodes to unambiguously differentiate Dalbergia species. These findings will potentially be helpful in delineating the various species of Dalbergia genus, as well as other related genera.

Autologous fat grafting for soft tissue reconstruction is challenged by unpredictable long-term graft survival. Fat derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is gaining popularity in tissue reconstruction as SVF-enriched fat grafts demonstrate improved engraftment. SVF also has potential in regenerative medicine for remodeling of ischemic tissues by promoting angiogenesis. Since SVF cells do not require culture expansion, attempts are being made to develop automated devices to isolate SVF at the point of care. We report development of a closed, automated system to process up to 500 mL lipoaspirate using cell size-dependent filtration technology. The yield of SVF obtained by automated tissue digestion and filtration (1.17 ± 0.5 × 105 cells/gram) was equivalent to that obtained by manual isolation (1.15 ± 0.3 × 105; p = 0.8), and the viability of the cells isolated by both methods was greater than 90%. Cell composition included CD34+CD31− adipose stromal cells, CD34+CD31+ endothelial progenitor cells, and CD34−CD31+ endothelial cells, and their relative percentages were equivalent to SVF isolated by the manual method. CFU-F capacity and expression of angiogenic factors were also comparable with the manual method, establishing proof-of-concept for fully automated SVF isolation, suitable for use in reconstructive surgeries and regenerative medicine applications.