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Location based services and applications are buzzwords nowadays, yet they have been around for quite some time in a variety of applications. However, due to high costs of the positioning equipment the number of such applications is increasing too slowly. Even though "location based" is a hot topic, there are no publicly available application development frameworks that would enable rapid location based application development on COTS hardware. The paper presents different options for determining location of mobile devices such as mobile phones and handhelds. It describes positioning possibilities using WiFi networks, GSM networks, Bluetooth beacons and the GPS system. Furthermore, it proposes an extensible and open framework for rapid mobile location based application development. The paper specifies the components comprising the framework, data structures used for spatial data interchange and Web Services used for communication among components. It also describes a location aware application prototype built on top of the proposed framework. This application displays spatial data according to the mobile device location and it provides means for entering our own location-based data. The paper demonstrates that building applications on top of the proposed framework is feasible, discusses the benefits and drawbacks of our approach and proposes integration with different sensors for example for tracking soldier's vital signs such as heartbeat or limbs movement., See also ADM202422. Presented at the meeting on "Dynamic Communications Management," held in Budapest, Hungary, on 9-10 Oct 2006. Published in the meeting proceedings, Paper 1, RTO-MP-IST-062, p1-1 through 1-10, 2006. Prepared in cooperation with Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Document includes briefing charts in addition to text. The original document contains color images.

Security has always been a topic of attention in military environments. However, with the advances in technology, the ever-growing number of various electronic devices that surround us, and the complexity of these devices, the security risks are also greatly increasing. Traditionally, military environments have a tight physical security, but sometimes lack a good security policy for the numerous electronic devices that are used not only in the field, but also in the office. As these devices are becoming easier to use, we cannot neglect the potential human abuser who does not need great expertise in the field of electronics or computing to gain access to confidential data, either from the outside or from the inside of the system. The paper proposes a system for managing and formally specifying security policies for electronic equipment as well as for other areas that require a security policy. Further, it discusses problems with integrating local legislation and local policies with policies of alliance partners (e.g. NATO) or policies based on bilateral and multi-lateral agreements, with the objective of the union policy not only conforming to all the other policies, but also enhancing and superseding them. On the other hand, the paper focuses on the potential attacks from within the system and discusses the teaching techniques that can help to establish a level of knowledge that provides the required level of security in accordance with the sensitivity of the data used during any process. The paper shifts the focus from various security devices to the ever increasing importance of the human factor in systems with sensitive data., See also ADM202422. Presented at the meeting on "Dynamic Communications Management," held in Budapest, Hungary, on 9-10 Oct 2006. Published in the meeting proceedings, Paper 19, RTO-MP-IST-062, p19-1 through 19-8, 2006. Prepared in cooperation with Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Document includes briefing charts in addition to text. The original document contains color images.