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'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' je povzročiteljica bolezni na nekaterih gospodarsko pomembnih kulturnih rastlinah, med njimi tudi na vinski trti. Za namen proučevanja epidemiologije smo v okviru magistrske naloge molekularno opredelili vzorce DNA, izolirane iz okuženih rastlin Primorske in Podravske vinorodne dežele. V nalogi smo analizirali 124 vzorcev DNA, izoliranih iz okuženih rastlin (117 vzorcev vinske trte, 5 vzorcev koprive in 2 vzorca korenja), vzorčenih v obdobju med leti 2003 in 2016. Z analizo RFLP produktov ugnezdenih reakcij PCR ohranjenega gena tuf, smo vzorce razdelili v dve skupini: tuf-a in tuf-b. Vzorce iz skupine tuf-b smo na podlagi ene razlike v nukleotidnem zaporedju nadalje razdelili na podtipa tuf-b1 in tuf-b2. Ugotovili smo, da sta tuf-a in tuf-b prisotna na vseh preiskovanih vinorodnih območjih, pri čemer je tuf-b pogostejši, prevladuje tako v Primorski (52 %) kot Podravski (81 %) vinorodni deželi. Delež tuf-a je v Primorski vinorodni deželi višji (48 %) v primerjavi s Podravsko (19 %). Podtip tuf-b1 smo določili pri 62 %, tuf-b2 pa pri 38 % od vseh 71 analiziranih vzorcev tipa tuf-b. Podtip tuf-b2 je razen ene izjeme prisoten izključno v Podravski vinorodni deželi, prvič ga zaznamo leta 2007, z leti pa postaja vse pogostejši. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' is responsible for various different diseases on important crop plants including grapevine, where it causes bois noir disease. For the epidemiologic purposes we preformed a molecular characterisation of DNA samples from infected plants from two grapevine regions in Slovenia: Primorje (south-west) and Podravje (north-east). We analysed 124 different DNA samples from infected plants, 117 of them were from vinegrape, 5 from stinging nettle and 2 samples from carrot. Samples were taken in time period between 2003 and 2016. With RFLP analysis of the nested PCR product of conserved gene tuf, we divided the samples into two groups: tuf-a and tuf-b. Samples from the tuf-b group have been further divided into tuf-b1 and tuf-b2 subgroup (based on a difference in one nucleotide in a gene sequence). We have determined that both tuf-a and tuf-b are present in all investigated regions, with tuf-b being more abundant in both regions: 52 % in SW and 81 % in NE, but tuf-a being more present in SW (48 %) than NE (19 %). Subtype tuf-b1 was found in 62 % and tuf-b2 in 38 % out of 71 analysed tuf-b samples. Subtype tuf-b2 is with only one exeption present exclusively in NE region. Tuf-b2 is first detected in NE region in 2007 and is becoming more abundant each year.

V delu diplomskega seminarja smo opredelili razvoj spletnega igralništva skozi čas, opisali vrste iger na srečo ter predstavili katere internetne strani ponujajo le-te, in preverili, kako je s spletnim igralništvom v Sloveniji. Predstavili smo tudi omejitve pri spletnem igranju in ugotovitve, kdaj lahko z igranjem iger na srečo povzročimo škodo sebi oziroma ljudem okoli sebe. Namen dela diplomskega seminarja je bil predstaviti, kako je spletno igralništvo razvito po svetu kot tudi v Sloveniji, in s pomočjo ankete ugotoviti, kako so naključno izbrani anketiranci povezani s spletnimi igrami na srečo. V drugem poglavju smo opisali zgodovino in razvoj spletnega igralništva, vrste iger na srečo (igralnica, poker, šport, druge igre), programsko opremo spletnih igralnic ter vse bolj razširjeno mobilno igralništvo. V tretjem poglavju smo se osredotočili na spletno igralništvo v Sloveniji, kjer smo predstavili zakonodajo, spletne igre na srečo (spletna igralnica Aurora, e-stave, e-loterija) in primerjali Slovenijo z Malto. V četrtem poglavju smo predstavili omejitve pri spletnem igranju, kjer smo se osredotočili predvsem na območja z omejitvami ter odgovorno in zabavno igranje. S pomočjo ankete smo ugotovili, da se je večina anketiranih že preizkusila v igrah na srečo, približno polovica pa tudi v igrah na srečo prek spleta. Za svojo najbolj priljubljeno igro na srečo so izbrali športne stave, zanimivo pa je to, da se kljub zakonskim omejitvam vedno bolj preizkušajo na tujih stavnicah. Čeprav imamo v Sloveniji samo tri ponudnike spletnih iger na srečo s koncesijo, smo ugotovili, da so ti manj znani oziroma uporabni kot tuji ponudniki. Sklepamo lahko, da imajo slabšo ponudbo ali pa je ne znajo dovolj dobro tržiti. In the final thesis we defined the development of online gambling through time, described online gambling games and presented which online gambling sites offer those and checked the status of online gambling in Slovenia. We also presented the limitations of online gambling and our conclusions of when gambling results in damaging ourselves or the people around us. The purpose of the final thesis was to present how online gambling is evolved around the world as well as in Slovenia. Through the help of a survey we were able to identify how random questioned people are linked to online gambling. In the second chapter we described history and development of online gambling, online gambling games (casino, poker, sports bets, other online games), online casino software and increasingly popular mobile gambling. In the third chapter we focused on online gambling in Slovenia, where we presented the legislation, online gambling games (online casino Aurora, e-stave, e-loterija) and compared Slovenia with Malta. In the fourth chapter we presented the limitations of online gambling, where we focused mainly on zones with limitations and responsible gaming enjoyment. The survey’s results revealed that most of the people questioned had already tried gambling and almost half of them had also tried online gambling. Sports bets were chosen as the most popular way of gambling and it was interesting that people turn to foreign betting companies more and more, despite the legal restrictions. Even though Slovenia only has three online gambling providers with concession, we have found out that they are either less known or less useful as foreign providers are. We can conclude that their service is either poorer or that they do not know how to efficiently market their offer.