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1. Detecting Change in Atmospheric Ammonia Following Emission Changes

Author: Erisman, Jan Willem, Bleeker, Albert, Neftel, Albrecht, Aneja, Viney, Hutchings, Nick, Kinsella, Liam, Tang, Y. Sim, Webb, J., Sponar, Michel, Raes, Caroline, Mitosinkova, Marta, Vidic, Sonja, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Klimont, Zbigniew, Pinder, Rob, Baker, Samantha, Reidy, Beat, Flechard, Chris, Horvath, Laszlo, Lewandowska, Anita, Gillespie, Colin, Wallasch, Marcus, Gehrig, Robert, Ellerman, Thomas, Sutton, Mark A., editor, Reis, Stefan, editor, and Baker, Samantha M.H., editor
Published: 2009
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2. Pan-European rural monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic atmospheric pollution load

Author: Tang, Y. Sim, Flechard, Chris R., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Vidic, Sonja, Djuricic, Vesna, Mitosinkova, Marta, Uggerud, Hilde T., Sanz, Maria J., Simmons, Ivan, Dragosits, Ulrike, Nemitz, Eiko, Twigg, Marsailidh, Dijk, Netty, Fauvel, Yannick, Sanz, Francisco, Ferm, Martin, Perrino, Cinzia, Catrambone, Maria, Leaver, David, Braban, Christine F., Cape, J. Neil, Heal, Mathew R., Sutton, Mark A., Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Chemistry, Secondary inorganic aerosol, Air pollution monitoring, NH3, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ammonium nitrate, SO2, ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION, Atmospheric Sciences, denuder
Abstract: A comprehensive European dataset on monthly atmospheric NH3, acid gases (HNO3, SO2, HCl), and aerosols (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl−, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) is presented and analysed. Speciated measurements were made with a low-volume denuder and filter pack method (DEnuder for Long-Term Atmospheric sampling, DELTA®) as part of the EU NitroEurope (NEU) integrated project. Altogether, there were 64 sites in 20 countries (2006–2010), coordinated between seven European laboratories. Bulk wet-deposition measurements were carried out at 16 co-located sites (2008–2010). Inter-comparisons of chemical analysis and DELTA® measurements allowed an assessment of comparability between laboratories. The form and concentrations of the different gas and aerosol components measured varied between individual sites and grouped sites according to country, European regions, and four main ecosystem types (crops, grassland, forests, and semi-natural). The smallest concentrations (with the exception of SO42- and Na+) were in northern Europe (Scandinavia), with broad elevations of all components across other regions. SO2 concentrations were highest in central and eastern Europe, with larger SO2 emissions, but particulate SO42- concentrations were more homogeneous between regions. Gas-phase NH3 was the most abundant single measured component at the majority of sites, with the largest variability in concentrations across the network. The largest concentrations of NH3, NH4+, and NO3- were at cropland sites in intensively managed agricultural areas (e.g. Borgo Cioffi in Italy), and the smallest were at remote semi-natural and forest sites (e.g. Lompolojänkkä, Finland), highlighting the potential for NH3 to drive the formation of both NH4+ and NO3- aerosol. In the aerosol phase, NH4+ was highly correlated with both NO3- and SO42-, with a near-1:1 relationship between the equivalent concentrations of NH4+ and sum (NO3-+ SO42-), of which around 60 % was as NH4NO3. Distinct seasonality was also observed in the data, influenced by changes in emissions, chemical interactions, and the influence of meteorology on partitioning between the main inorganic gases and aerosol species. Springtime maxima in NH3 were attributed to the main period of manure spreading, while the peak in summer and trough in winter were linked to the influence of temperature and rainfall on emissions, deposition, and gas–aerosol-phase equilibrium. Seasonality in SO2 was mainly driven by emissions (combustion), with concentrations peaking in winter, except in southern Europe, where the peak occurred in summer. Particulate SO42- showed large peaks in concentrations in summer in southern and eastern Europe, contrasting with much smaller peaks occurring in early spring in other regions. The peaks in particulate SO42- coincided with peaks in NH3 concentrations, attributed to the formation of the stable (NH4)2SO4. HNO3 concentrations were more complex, related to traffic and industrial emissions, photochemistry, and HNO3:NH4NO3 partitioning. While HNO3 concentrations were seen to peak in the summer in eastern and southern Europe (increased photochemistry), the absence of a spring peak in HNO3 in all regions may be explained by the depletion of HNO3 through reaction with surplus NH3 to form the semi-volatile aerosol NH4NO3. Cooler, wetter conditions in early spring favour the formation and persistence of NH4NO3 in the aerosol phase, consistent with the higher springtime concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-. The seasonal profile of NO3- was mirrored by NH4+, illustrating the influence of gas–aerosol partitioning of NH4NO3 in the seasonality of these components. Gas-phase NH3 and aerosol NH4NO3 were the dominant species in the total inorganic gas and aerosol species measured in the NEU network. With the current and projected trends in SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions, concentrations of NH3 and NH4NO3 can be expected to continue to dominate the inorganic pollution load over the next decades, especially NH3, which is linked to substantial exceedances of ecological thresholds across Europe. The shift from (NH4)2SO4 to an atmosphere more abundant in NH4NO3 is expected to maintain a larger fraction of reactive N in the gas phase by partitioning to NH3 and HNO3 in warm weather, while NH4NO3 continues to contribute to exceedances of air quality limits for PM2.5.
Published: 2021

3. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load

Author: Tang, Y.S, Flechard, C.R., Dämmgen, U., Vidic, Sonja, Djuricic, Vesna, Mitosinkova, Marta, Uggerud, Hilde T., Sanz, Maria J., Simmons, Ivan, Dragosits, Ulrike, Nemitz, Eiko, Twigg, Marsailidh M., van Dijk, Netty, Fauvel, Yannick, Sanchez, Francisco S., Ferm, Martin, Perrino, Cinzia, Catrambone, Maria, Leaver, David, Braban, Christine F., Cape, J. Neil, Heal, Mathew R., and Sutton, Mark A.
Subjects: NH4NO3, EUROPE, PM pollutant measurement, NH3, Air quality, PM composition
Abstract: A comprehensive European dataset on monthly atmospheric NH3, acid gases (HNO3, SO2, HCl) and aerosols (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) is presented and analyzed. Speciated measurements were made with a low-volume denuder and filter pack method (DELTA®) as part of the EU NitroEurope (NEU) integrated project. Altogether, there were 64 sites in 20 countries (2006–2010), coordinated between 7 European laboratories. Bulk wet deposition measurements were carried out at 16 co-located sites (2008–2010). Inter-comparisons of chemical analysis and DELTA® measurements allowed an assessment of comparability between laboratories. The form and concentrations of the different gas and aerosol components measured varied between individual sites and grouped sites according to country, European regions and 4 main ecosystem types (crops, grassland, forests and semi-natural). Smallest concentrations (with the exception of SO42- and Na+) were in Northern Europe (Scandinavia), with broad elevations of all components across other regions. SO2 concentrations were highest in Central and Eastern Europe with larger SO2 emissions, but particulate SO42- concentrations were more homogeneous between regions. Gas-phase NH3 was the most abundant single measured component at the majority of sites, with the largest variability in concentrations across the network. The largest concentrations of NH3, NH4+ and NO3- were at cropland sites in intensively managed agricultural areas (e.g. Borgo Cioffi in Italy), and smallest at remote semi-natural and forest sites (e.g. Lompolojänkkä, Finland), highlighting the potential for NH3 to drive the formation of both NH4+ and NO3- aerosol. In the aerosol phase, NH4+ was highly correlated with both NO3- and SO42-, with a near 1 : 1 relationship between the equivalent concentrations of NH4+ and sum (NO3- + SO42-), of which around 60 % was as NH4NO3. Distinct seasonality were also observed in the data, influenced by changes in emissions, chemical interactions and the influence of meteorology on partitioning between the main inorganic gases and aerosol species. Springtime maxima in NH3 were attributed to the main period of manure spreading, while the peak in summer and trough in winter were linked to the influence of temperature and rainfall on emissions, deposition and gas-aerosol phase equilibrium. Seasonality in SO2 were mainly driven by emissions (combustion), with concentrations peaking in winter, except in Southern Europe where the peak occurred in summer. Particulate SO42- showed large peaks in concentrations in summer in Southern and Eastern Europe, contrasting with much smaller peaks occurring in early spring in other regions. The peaks in particulate SO42- coincided with peaks in NH3 concentrations, attributed to the formation of the stable (NH4)2SO4. HNO3 concentrations were more complex, related to traffic and industrial emissions, photochemistry and HNO3 : NH4NO3 partitioning. While HNO3 concentrations were seen to peak in the summer in Eastern and Southern Europe (increased photochemistry), the absence of a spring peak in HNO3 in all regions may be explained by the depletion of HNO3 through reaction with surplus NH3 to form the semi-volatile aerosol NH4NO3. Cooler, wetter conditions in early spring favour the formation and persistence of NH4NO3 in the aerosol phase, consistent with the higher springtime concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-. The seasonal profile of NO3- was mirrored by NH4+, illustrating the influence of gas : aerosol partitioning of NH4NO3 in the seasonality of these components. Gas-phase NH3 and aerosol NH4NO3 were the dominant species in the total inorganic gas and aerosol species measured in the NEU network. With the current and projected trends in SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions, concentrations of NH3 and NH4NO3 can be expected to continue to dominate the inorganic pollution load over the next decades, especially NH3 which is linked to substantial exceedances of ecological thresholds across Europe. The shift from (NH4)2SO4 to an atmosphere more abundant in NH4NO3 is expected to maintain a larger fraction of reactive N in the gas phase by partitioning to NH3 and HNO3 in warm weather, while NH4NO3 continues to contribute to exceedances of air quality limits for PM2.5.
Published: 2020

4. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Physics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Climate Research, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Abeilles, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edinburgh Research Station, Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agronomy Institute, Technical University of Lisbon, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), Neftel Research Expertise, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, GOCE-CT-2003-505572, Sixth Framework Programme, 282910, Seventh Framework Programme, European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 28980,CARBOEUROPE-IP, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), IT University of Copenhagen, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Jonchère, Laurent, Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems - ECLAIRE - - EC:FP7:ENV2011-10-01 - 2015-09-30 - 282910 - VALID, ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN TERRESTRIAL CARBON BALANCE - CARBOEUROPE-IP - 28980 - OLD, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, TROPICAL FORESTS, Atmospheric Sciences, DRY DEPOSITION, Behavior and Systematics, QUALITY-CONTROL, greenhouse gases, ddc:550, BOREAL FORESTS, SDG 13 - Climate Action, LONG-TERM IMPACTSEDDY-COVARIANCEREACTIVE NITROGENDRY DEPOSITIONORGANIC NITROGENTROPICAL FORESTSQUALITY-CONTROLBOREAL FORESTSOXIDE FLUXESTREE GROWTH, REACTIVE NITROGEN, Biology, Earth-Surface Processes, ecosystem, TREE GROWTH, Ecology, Physics, LONG-TERM IMPACTS, European forest, EDDY-COVARIANCE, Chemistry, Earth sciences, ORGANIC NITROGEN, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, semi-natural vegetation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, carbon-nitrogen, OXIDE FLUXES
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO−3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially NO−3 were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Commission through the two FP6 integrated projects CarboEurope Integrated Project (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841), the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and the ABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for funding from the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T forest observation and experimentation network, as well as from the MDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. Computer time for EMEP model runs was supported by the Research Council of Norway through the NOTUR project EMEP (NN2890K). Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UKSCAPE programme delivering national capability.
Published: 2020

5. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1:Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F. J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre-Jean, Augustin, Juergen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dammgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrene, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, Andre, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal, Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjørring, Jan K., Sebastia, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bah, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F. J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre-Jean, Augustin, Juergen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dammgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrene, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, Andre, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal, Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjørring, Jan K., Sebastia, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bah, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N-r) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC/dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of N-r deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet N-r deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and N-r inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3- leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BAS-FOR) modelling.Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from -70 to 826 gCm(-2) yr(-1) at total wet + dry inorganic N-r deposition rates (N-dep) of 0.3 to 4.3 gNm(-2) yr(-1) and from -4 to 361 g Cm-2 yr(-1) at N-dep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 gNm(-2) yr(-1) in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated N-dep where N-r leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable
Published: 2020

6. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1:Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, and Nemitz, Eiko
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC=dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from 70 to 826 gCm2 yr1 at total wetCdry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 gNm2 yr1 and from 4 to 361 g Cm2 yr1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 gNm2 yr1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by
Published: 2020

7. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1 : Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, and Nemitz, Eiko
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC=dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from 70 to 826 gCm2 yr1 at total wetCdry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 gNm2 yr1 and from 4 to 361 g Cm2 yr1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 gNm2 yr1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by den
Published: 2020

8. Supplementary material to "Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load"

Author: Tang, Y. Sim, primary, Flechard, Chris R., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Uggerud, Hilde T., additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Simmons, Ivan, additional, Dragosits, Ulrike, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, Twigg, Marsailidh, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Sanz-Sanchez, Francisco, additional, Ferm, Martin, additional, Perrino, Cinzia, additional, Catrambone, Maria, additional, Leaver, David, additional, Braban, Christine F., additional, Cape, J. Neil, additional, Heal, Mathew R., additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional
Published: 2020
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9. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load

Author: Tang, Y. Sim, primary, Flechard, Chris R., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Uggerud, Hilde T., additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Simmons, Ivan, additional, Dragosits, Ulrike, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, Twigg, Marsailidh, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Sanz-Sanchez, Francisco, additional, Ferm, Martin, additional, Perrino, Cinzia, additional, Catrambone, Maria, additional, Leaver, David, additional, Braban, Christine F., additional, Cape, J. Neil, additional, Heal, Mathew R., additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional
Published: 2020
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10. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.
Abstract: ISSN:1810-6277 ISSN:1810-6285
Published: 2019

11. Supplementary material to "Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling"

Author: Flechard, Chris R., primary, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Skiba, Ute M., additional, de Vries, Wim, additional, van Oijen, Marcel, additional, Cameron, David R., additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Korhonen, Janne F. J., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Legout, Arnaud, additional, Simpson, David, additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Aubinet, Marc, additional, Loustau, Denis, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Neirynck, Johan, additional, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Pihlatie, Mari, additional, Kiese, Ralf, additional, Siemens, Jan, additional, Francez, André-Jean, additional, Augustin, Jürgen, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Olejnik, Janusz, additional, Juszczak, Radosław, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Drewer, Julia, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Fowler, David, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Granier, André, additional, Gross, Patrick, additional, Hamon, Yannick, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hensen, Arjan, additional, Horváth, László, additional, Kitzler, Barbara, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Kutsch, Werner L., additional, Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Marek, Michal V., additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Moreaux, Virginie, additional, Neftel, Albrecht, additional, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pita, Gabriel, additional, Sanz, Francisco, additional, Schjoerring, Jan K., additional, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, additional, Tang, Y. Sim, additional, Uggerud, Hilde, additional, Urbaniak, Marek, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Vincke, Caroline, additional, Weidinger, Tamás, additional, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, additional, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional
Published: 2019
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12. Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., primary, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Skiba, Ute M., additional, de Vries, Wim, additional, van Oijen, Marcel, additional, Cameron, David R., additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Korhonen, Janne F. J., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Legout, Arnaud, additional, Simpson, David, additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Aubinet, Marc, additional, Loustau, Denis, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Neirynck, Johan, additional, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Pihlatie, Mari, additional, Kiese, Ralf, additional, Siemens, Jan, additional, Francez, André-Jean, additional, Augustin, Jürgen, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Olejnik, Janusz, additional, Juszczak, Radosław, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Drewer, Julia, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Fowler, David, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Granier, André, additional, Gross, Patrick, additional, Hamon, Yannick, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hensen, Arjan, additional, Horváth, László, additional, Kitzler, Barbara, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Kutsch, Werner L., additional, Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Marek, Michal V., additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Moreaux, Virginie, additional, Neftel, Albrecht, additional, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pita, Gabriel, additional, Sanz, Francisco, additional, Schjoerring, Jan K., additional, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, additional, Tang, Y. Sim, additional, Uggerud, Hilde, additional, Urbaniak, Marek, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Vincke, Caroline, additional, Weidinger, Tamás, additional, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, additional, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional
Published: 2019
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13. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load.

Author: Y. Sim Tang, Flechard, Chris R., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Vidic, Sonja, Djuricic, Vesna, Mitosinkova, Marta, Uggerud, Hilde T., Sanz, Maria J., Simmons, Ivan, Dragosits, Ulrike, Nemitz, Eiko, Twigg, Marsailidh, van Dijk, Netty, Fauvel, Yannick, Sanchez, Francisco S., Ferm, Martin, Perrino, Cinzia, Catrambone, Maria, Leaver, David, and Braban, Christine F.
Abstract: A comprehensive European dataset on monthly atmospheric NH3, acid gases (HNO3, SO2, HCl) and aerosols (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+) is presented and analyzed. Speciated measurements were made with a low-volume denuder and filter pack method (DELTA®) as part of the EU NitroEurope (NEU) integrated project. Altogether, there were 64 sites in 20 countries (2006-2010), coordinated between 7 European laboratories. Bulk wet deposition measurements were carried out at 16 co-located sites (2008-2010). Inter-comparisons of chemical analysis and DELTA® measurements allowed an assessment of comparability between laboratories. The form and concentrations of the different gas and aerosol components measured varied between individual sites and grouped sites according to country, European regions and 4 main ecosystem types (crops, grassland, forests and semi-natural). Smallest concentrations (with the exception of SO42- and Na+) were in Northern Europe (Scandinavia), with broad elevations of all components across other regions. SO2 concentrations were highest in Central and Eastern Europe with larger SO2 emissions, but particulate SO42- concentrations were more homogeneous between regions. Gas-phase NH3 was the most abundant single measured component at the majority of sites, with the largest variability in concentrations across the network. The largest concentrations of NH3, NH4+ and NO3- were at cropland sites in intensively managed agricultural areas (e.g. Borgo Cioffi in Italy), and smallest at remote semi-natural and forest sites (e.g. Lompolojänkkä, Finland), highlighting the potential for NH3 to drive the formation of both NH4+ and NO3- aerosol. In the aerosol phase, NH4+ was highly correlated with both NO3- and SO42-, with a near 1 : 1 relationship between the equivalent concentrations of NH4+ and sum (NO3- + SO42-), of which around 60 % was as NH4NO3. Distinct seasonality were also observed in the data, influenced by changes in emissions, chemical interactions and the influence of meteorology on partitioning between the main inorganic gases and aerosol species. Springtime maxima in NH3 were attributed to the main period of manure spreading, while the peak in summer and trough in winter were linked to the influence of temperature and rainfall on emissions, deposition and gas-aerosol phase equilibrium. Seasonality in SO2 were mainly driven by emissions (combustion), with concentrations peaking in winter, except in Southern Europe where the peak occurred in summer. Particulate SO42- showed large peaks in concentrations in summer in Southern and Eastern Europe, contrasting with much smaller peaks occurring in early spring in other regions. The peaks in particulate SO42- coincided with peaks in NH3 concentrations, attributed to the formation of the stable (NH4)2SO4. HNO3 concentrations were more complex, related to traffic and industrial emissions, photochemistry and HNO3 : NH4NO3 partitioning. While HNO3 concentrations were seen to peak in the summer in Eastern and Southern Europe (increased photochemistry), the absence of a spring peak in HNO3 in all regions may be explained by the depletion of HNO3 through reaction with surplus NH3 to form the semi-volatile aerosol NH4NO3. Cooler, wetter conditions in early spring favour the formation and persistence of NH4NO3 in the aerosol phase, consistent with the higher springtime concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-. The seasonal profile of NO3- was mirrored by NH4+, illustrating the influence of gas : aerosol partitioning of NH4NO3 in the seasonality of these components. Gas-phase NH3 and aerosol NH4NO3 were the dominant species in the total inorganic gas and aerosol species measured in the NEU network. With the current and projected trends in SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions, concentrations of NH3 and NH4NO3 can be expected to continue to dominate the inorganic pollution load over the next decades, especially NH3 which is linked to substantial exceedances of ecological thresholds across Europe. The shift from (NH4)2SO4 to an atmosphere more abundant in NH4NO3 is expected to maintain a larger fraction of reactive N in the gas phase by partitioning to NH3 and HNO3 in warm weather, while NH4NO3 continues to contribute to exceedances of air quality limits for PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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14. The Use of Field Data in Average Wet Deposition Modeling

Author: Sinik, Nadezda, Loncar, Edita, Vidic, Sonja, and De Wispelaere, C., editor
Published: 1985
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15. Air pollution trends in the EMEP region between 1990 and 2012

Author: Colette, Augustin, Aas, Wenche, Banin, Lindsay, Braban, Christine F., Ferm, Martin, Gonzalez Ortiz, Alberto, Ilyin, Ilia, Mar, Kathleen, Pandolfi, Marco, Putaud, Jean-Phillippe, Shatalov, Victor, Solberg, Sverre, Spindler, Gerald, Tarasova, Oksana, Vana, Milan, Adani, Mario, Almodovar, Paul, Berton, Eva, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla, Boruvkova, Jana, Breivik, Knut, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Cuvelier, Kees, Derwent, Richard, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Fagerli, Hilde, Funk, Clara, Garcia Vivanco, Marta, Haeuber, Richard, Hueglin, Christoph, Jenkins, Scott, Kerr, Jennifer, de Leeuw, Frank, Lynch, Jason, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Pay, Maria Teresa, Pritula, Dominique, Querol, Xavier, Raffort, Valentin, Reiss, Ilze, Roustan, Yelva, Sauvage, Stephane, Scavo, Kimber, Simpson, David, Smith, Ron I., Tang, Yuk Sim, Theobald, Mark, Torseth, Kjetil, Tsyro, Svetlana, van Pul, Addo, Vidic, Sonja, Wallasch, Markus, Wind, Peter, Colette, Augustin, Aas, Wenche, Banin, Lindsay, Braban, Christine F., Ferm, Martin, Gonzalez Ortiz, Alberto, Ilyin, Ilia, Mar, Kathleen, Pandolfi, Marco, Putaud, Jean-Phillippe, Shatalov, Victor, Solberg, Sverre, Spindler, Gerald, Tarasova, Oksana, Vana, Milan, Adani, Mario, Almodovar, Paul, Berton, Eva, Bessagnet, Bertrand, Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla, Boruvkova, Jana, Breivik, Knut, Briganti, Gino, Cappelletti, Andrea, Cuvelier, Kees, Derwent, Richard, D'Isidoro, Massimo, Fagerli, Hilde, Funk, Clara, Garcia Vivanco, Marta, Haeuber, Richard, Hueglin, Christoph, Jenkins, Scott, Kerr, Jennifer, de Leeuw, Frank, Lynch, Jason, Manders, Astrid, Mircea, Mihaela, Pay, Maria Teresa, Pritula, Dominique, Querol, Xavier, Raffort, Valentin, Reiss, Ilze, Roustan, Yelva, Sauvage, Stephane, Scavo, Kimber, Simpson, David, Smith, Ron I., Tang, Yuk Sim, Theobald, Mark, Torseth, Kjetil, Tsyro, Svetlana, van Pul, Addo, Vidic, Sonja, Wallasch, Markus, and Wind, Peter
Abstract: The present report synthesises the main features of the evolution over the 1990-2012 time period of the concentration and deposition of air pollutants relevant in the context of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution: (i) ozone, (ii) sulfur and nitrogen compounds and particulate matter, (iii) heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. It is based on observations gathered in State Parties to the Convention within the EMEP monitoring network of regional background stations, as well as relevant modelling initiatives. Joint Report of: EMEP Task Force on Measurements and Modelling (TFMM), Chemical Co-ordinating Centre (CCC), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East (MSC-E), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W).
Published: 2016

16. ÉCLAIRE - Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosytems - second periodic report 01/04/2013 to 30/09/2014

Author: Sutton, Mark, Howard, Clare, Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, Bill, Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark, Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Serina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Patrick, Bueker, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulrike, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmina, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, David, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Erin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katerina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Beth, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellingo, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark, Howard, Clare, Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, Bill, Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark, Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Serina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Patrick, Bueker, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulrike, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmina, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, David, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Erin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katerina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Beth, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellingo, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena
Published: 2015

17. ECLAIRE: Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems. Project final report

Author: Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Dave, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Wichink, Roy, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena
Abstract: The central goal of ECLAIRE is to assess how climate change will alter the extent to which air pollutants threaten terrestrial ecosystems. Particular attention has been given to nitrogen compounds, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3), as well as Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) in relation to tropospheric ozone (O3) formation, including their interactions with aerosol components. ECLAIRE has combined a broad program of field and laboratory experimentation and modelling of pollution fluxes and ecosystem impacts, advancing both mechanistic understanding and providing support to European policy makers. The central finding of ECLAIRE is that future climate change is expected to worsen the threat of air pollutants on Europe’s ecosystems. Firstly, climate warming is expected to increase the emissions of many trace gases, such as agricultural NH3, the soil component of NOx emissions and key BVOCs. Experimental data and numerical models show how these effects will tend to increase atmospheric N deposition in future. By contrast, the net effect on tropospheric O3 is less clear. This is because parallel increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations will offset the temperature-driven increase for some BVOCs, such as isoprene. By contrast, there is currently insufficient evidence to be confident that CO2 will offset anticipated climate increases in monoterpene emissions. Secondly, climate warming is found to be likely to increase the vulnerability of ecosystems towards air pollutant exposure or atmospheric deposition. Such effects may occur as a consequence of combined perturbation, as well as through specific interactions, such as between drought, O3, N and aerosol exposure. These combined effects of climate change are expected to offset part of the benefit of current emissions control policies. Unless decisive mitigation actions are taken, it is anticipated that ongoing climate warming will increase agricultural and other biogenic emissions, posing a c
Published: 2015

18. ECLAIRE third periodic report

Author: Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, Zubkova, Elena, Sutton, Mark A., Howard, Clare M., Nemitz, Eiko, Arneth, Almut, Simpson, Dave, Mills, Gina, de Vries, Wim, Winiwarter, Wilfried, Amann, Markus, Alonso, Rocio, Ammann, Christof, Bealey, William J., Bermejo, Victoria, Bleeker, Albert, Cescatti, Alessandro, Dentener, Frank, Emberson, Lisa, Evans, Chris, Flechard, Chris, Haas, Edwin, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holland, Mike, Mentel, Thomas, Paoletti, Elena, Posch, Maximilian, Reinds, Gert Jan, Theobald, Mark R., Albert, Kristian, Skjoth, Carsten Ambelas, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Ashworth, Kirsti, Astrom, Stefan, Azouz, Niramson, Bassin, Seraina, Becher, Agnieszka, Beier, Claus, Briolat, Alan, Broberg, Malin, Bueker, Patrick, Burkhardt, Juergen, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Calvete, Hector, Carozzi, Marco, Cellier, Pierre, Centoni, Federico, Chiesa, Maria, Cieslik, Stainslaw, Clarisse, Lieven, Coheur, Pierre, Coyle, Mhairi, Decuq, Celine, Di Marco, Chiara, Diaz-Pines, Eugenio, Djuricic, Vesna, Doherty, Ruth, Dragosits, Ulli, Drouet, Jean-Louis, Grgicin, Vedrana Dzaja, Egger, Florian, Elvira, Susana, Engardt, Magnuz, Etzold, Sophia, Falk, Richard, Fares, Silvano, Fauvel, Yannick, Finco, Angelo, Flura, Dominque, Fowler, David, Franz, Martina, Frumau, Arnoud, Fumagalli, Ivano, Ganzeveld, Laurens, Gomez, Hector Garcia, Gasche, Rainer, Geels, Camilla, Genermont, Sophie, Gerosa, Giacomo, Fernandez, Ignacio Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Aparicio, Iratxe, Gritsch, Christine, Gruening, Carsten, Hagberg, Daniel, Hakan, Pleijel, Haller, Helmut, Harmens, Harry, Hasler, Berit, Hauglustine, Didier, Hayes, Felicity, Hendriks, Carlijn, Hertel, Ole, Heyes, Chris, Hicks, Kevin, Hoglund-Isaksson, Lena, Horvath, Laszlo, Houborg, Rasmus, Joensuu, Johanna, Jones, Laurence, Karlsson, Per Erik, Klimont, Zbigniew, Komarov, Alexander, Kramer, Koen, Lamaud, Eric, Langford, Ben, Lathiere, Juliette, Leaver, David, Leip, Adrian, Lequy, Emeline, Lindblad, Maria, Loubet, Benjamin, Loretto, Franceso, Maas, Rob, Marzuoli, Riccardo, Massad, Raia Silvia, Maury, Olivier, Medinets, Serge, Mercado, Lina, Messina, Palmira, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mikkelsen, Teis, Herrera, Saul Molina, Monga, Robert, Moring, Andrea, Munzi, Silvana, Nainggolan, Doan, Ngadi, Yasmine, Ogee, Jerome, Olin, Stefan, Oliver, Rebecca, Ots, Riinu, Owen, Susan, Pariyar, Shyam, Pokorska, Olga, Potier, Elise, Priputina, Irina, Rabago, Isaura, Rantala, Pekka, Reay, Davie, Reis, Stefan, Rinne, Janne, Roberts, Elin, Robinson, Emma, Rowe, Edwin, Ruuskanen, Taina, Sanz, Javier, Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, Sawicka, Katarzyna, Schaap, Martijn, Schallart, Simon, Schopp, Wolfgang, Sharps, Katrina, Sheppard, Lucy, Sovic, Jadranka Skevin, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ben, Tiefenbacher, Alexandra, Tomlinson, Sam, Touvinen, Juha-Pekka, Twigg, Marsailidh, Valino, Fernando, Vallejo, Antonio, Van Damme, Martin, Van Dijk, Netty, Velikova, Violeta, Vellinga, Nico, Vidic, Sonja, Vieno, Massimo, Voylokov, Polina, Vuolo, Maria, Weidinger, Tamas, Kruit, Roy Wichink, Wolff, Veronica, Woolley, Roy, Wu, Cheng, Zaehle, Sonke, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Zuazo, Pablo, and Zubkova, Elena
Abstract: The ÉCLAIRE project (Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems) is a four year (2011-2015) project funded by the EU's Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP7).
Published: 2015

19. Detecting Change in Atmospheric Ammonia Following Emission Changes

Author: Erisman, Jan Willem, primary, Bleeker, Albert, additional, Neftel, Albrecht, additional, Aneja, Viney, additional, Hutchings, Nick, additional, Kinsella, Liam, additional, Tang, Y. Sim, additional, Webb, J., additional, Sponar, Michel, additional, Raes, Caroline, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, additional, Klimont, Zbigniew, additional, Pinder, Rob, additional, Baker, Samantha, additional, Reidy, Beat, additional, Flechard, Chris, additional, Horvath, Laszlo, additional, Lewandowska, Anita, additional, Gillespie, Colin, additional, Wallasch, Marcus, additional, Gehrig, Robert, additional, and Ellerman, Thomas, additional
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Impacts of air pollution on ecosystems, human health and materials under different Gothenburg Protocol scenarios

Author: Le Gall, A.-C., Bak, Jesper, Doytchinov, Stefan, Fisher, Richard, Forsius, Martin, Grennfelt, Peringe, Harmens, Harry, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holmberg, Maria, Jenkins, Alan, Krzyzanowski, Michal, Kvaeven, Berit, Le Gall, Anne-Christine, Lorenz, Martin, Lundin, Lars, Mills, Gina, Moldan, Filip, Nagl, Christian, Posch, Maximilian, Rabago, Isaura, Skjelkvåle, Brit Lisa, Schuetze, Gudrun, Tidblad, Johan, Vidic, Sonja, Wright, Richard, Le Gall, A.-C., Bak, Jesper, Doytchinov, Stefan, Fisher, Richard, Forsius, Martin, Grennfelt, Peringe, Harmens, Harry, Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Holmberg, Maria, Jenkins, Alan, Krzyzanowski, Michal, Kvaeven, Berit, Le Gall, Anne-Christine, Lorenz, Martin, Lundin, Lars, Mills, Gina, Moldan, Filip, Nagl, Christian, Posch, Maximilian, Rabago, Isaura, Skjelkvåle, Brit Lisa, Schuetze, Gudrun, Tidblad, Johan, Vidic, Sonja, and Wright, Richard
Published: 2012

21. Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes

Author: Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Baker, Samantha M.H., Erisman, Jan Willem, Bleeker, Albert, Neftel, Albrecht, Aneja, Viney, Hutchings, Nick, Kinsella, Liam, Tang, Y. Sim, Webb, J., Sponar, Michel, Raes, Caroline, Mitosinkova, Marta, Vidic, Sonja, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Klimont, Zbigniew, Pinder, Rob, Baker, Samantha, Reidy, Beat, Flechard, Chris, Horvath, Laszlo, Lewandowska, Anita, Gillespie, Colin, Wallasch, Marcus, Gehrig, Robert, Ellermann, Thomas, Sutton, Mark A., Reis, Stefan, Baker, Samantha M.H., Erisman, Jan Willem, Bleeker, Albert, Neftel, Albrecht, Aneja, Viney, Hutchings, Nick, Kinsella, Liam, Tang, Y. Sim, Webb, J., Sponar, Michel, Raes, Caroline, Mitosinkova, Marta, Vidic, Sonja, Andersen, Helle Vibeke, Klimont, Zbigniew, Pinder, Rob, Baker, Samantha, Reidy, Beat, Flechard, Chris, Horvath, Laszlo, Lewandowska, Anita, Gillespie, Colin, Wallasch, Marcus, Gehrig, Robert, and Ellermann, Thomas
Published: 2009

22. EMEP particulate matter assessment report

Author: Aas, Wenche, Bruckmann, Peter, Derwent, Richard, Poisson, Nathalie, Putaud, Jean-Philippe, Rouil, Laurence, Vidic, Sonja, Yttri, Karl-Espen, Nemitz, Eiko, >50, co-authors, Aas, Wenche, Bruckmann, Peter, Derwent, Richard, Poisson, Nathalie, Putaud, Jean-Philippe, Rouil, Laurence, Vidic, Sonja, Yttri, Karl-Espen, Nemitz, Eiko, and >50, co-authors
Published: 2007

23. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Éric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.
Subjects: 13. Climate action, 15. Life on land
Abstract: The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep., Biogeosciences, 17 (6), ISSN:1726-4170

24. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author: Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.
Subjects: 13. Climate action, 15. Life on land
Abstract: Biogeosciences Discussions, ISSN:1810-6277, ISSN:1810-6285

25. Precipitation chemistry in Croatia during the period 1981-2006.

Author: Canić KS, Vidic S, and Klaić ZB
Subjects: Croatia, Environmental Pollutants chemistry, Geography, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Wind, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants analysis, Rain chemistry
Abstract: The spatial, temporal changes and trends changes in precipitation chemistry in Croatia during the period 1981-2006 were analysed using data from 27 sampling sites. The origins of air masses that arrived over Croatia were evaluated by the sector analysis of two-dimensional back trajectories. The distribution per sector of the volume-weighted concentrations of the main ions (sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) and the pH were also inspected. The trend in the annual volume-weighted concentrations of the major ions in precipitation and pH was tested using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The sulfate and nitrate ion concentrations significantly decreased for the majority of sites. The main decline of the sulfate ion concentration occurred after 1990. Changes in the anthropogenic sulfur emission patterns over Europe in the last two decades resulted in different acidity and sulfate ion concentrations related to a particular sector compared to earlier times. In addition, precipitation chemistry in Croatia was also influenced by geographical and climatological diversity. Finally, the war and post-war activities were identified as possible anthropogenic sources of some base cations, i.e., potassium and calcium.
Published: 2009
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25 results on '"Vidic, Sonja"'

1. Detecting Change in Atmospheric Ammonia Following Emission Changes

2. Pan-European rural monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic atmospheric pollution load

3. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load

4. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

5. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1:Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

6. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1:Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

7. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1 : Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

8. Supplementary material to "Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load"

9. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH<sub>3</sub> gas and NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> aerosol in inorganic pollution load

10. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

11. Supplementary material to "Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling"

12. Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

13. Pan-European rural atmospheric monitoring network shows dominance of NH3 gas and NH4NO3 aerosol in inorganic pollution load.

14. The Use of Field Data in Average Wet Deposition Modeling

15. Air pollution trends in the EMEP region between 1990 and 2012

16. ÉCLAIRE - Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosytems - second periodic report 01/04/2013 to 30/09/2014

17. ECLAIRE: Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems. Project final report

18. ECLAIRE third periodic report

19. Detecting Change in Atmospheric Ammonia Following Emission Changes

20. Impacts of air pollution on ecosystems, human health and materials under different Gothenburg Protocol scenarios

21. Detecting change in atmospheric ammonia following emission changes

22. EMEP particulate matter assessment report

23. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

24. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

25. Precipitation chemistry in Croatia during the period 1981-2006.

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