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Background: There is an increasing number of American workers that spend a larger portion of their time in occupations that involve primarily sedentary or light work. Physical activity has known benefits in lowering risk of chronic disease and improving overall health. However, most adults do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines. The purpose of this dissertation study was to determine the relationship between the physical work environment, occupational activity, workplace characteristics, and physical activity in U.S. workers. Methods: This study included one systematic review and two cross-sectional studies using 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on sociodemographic, health behaviors, health outcomes, and occupational characteristics of adult workers. Findings: Overall, 25.2% of U.S. workers achieved sufficient leisure-time physical activity, and 27% in workers with low occupational activity. Age, male gender, higher education, higher income, normal BMI, workplace health promotion participation, and size of employer were associated with meeting leisure-time physical activity guidelines. In office workers, office and building designed for activity had the largest impact on physical activity among work environment characteristics. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the workplace can positively influence sufficient physical activity by implementing active design practices, health promotion programs, and ensuring workers of all incomes and education levels have the opportunity to participate in these programs.

En este artículo se presenta y analiza, con base en la Aproximación y Orquestación Instrumental, una propuesta didáctica cuyo objetivo es organizar entornos tecnológicos para la enseñanza de la matemática de estudiantes de economía con la finalidad de favorecer la interpretación del análisis marginal en funciones económicas en modalidad de educación virtual. Para ello, se emplea el software de videoconferencias del Zoom mientras que la gestión del aprendizaje se realiza con la medición del GeoGebra. La investigación pretende identificar tipos de esquemas de utilización que movilizan los estudiantes, esto a partir de la observación de sus técnicas instrumentadas, cuando desarrollan las actividades de la propuesta didáctica.

El presente reporte de investigación, presenta un recorte de la tesis de maestría del primer autor;tiene como objetivo analizar el trabajo matemático de estudiantes de carreras de humanidades cuando resuelven una tarea sobre función exponencial. Para ello, nos fundamentamos en la teoría del Espacio de Trabajo Matemático (ETM) y tomamos el método del ETM para el análisis. La investigación se realizó con estudiantes del primer ciclo de carreras de humanidades (16 y 18 años) de una universidad privada de Lima-Perú, en la que se elaboró una tarea sobre función exponencial. En base al análisis de las acciones matemáticas, se evidencia laactivación de las génesis semiótica, instrumental y discursiva, siendo las génesis semiótica y discursiva las más frecuentes. Asimismo, se evidencia la activación de dos planos verticales el semiótico-discursivo y el instrumental-discursivo del ETM.

Introduction: This study evaluated depression, monocyte phenotype, and immune function in physically active cannabis users. Methods: Participants ( N = 23) were classified as either cannabis users (CU, n = 11) or non-users (NU, n = 12). White blood cells isolated from blood were analyzed for co-expression of cluster of differentiation 14 and 16 using flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was cultured with whole blood and assessed for interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release. Results: The percentage of white blood cells classified as monocytes was not different between groups; however, CU had a significantly greater percentage of monocytes classified as intermediate ( p = 0.02). When standardized per milliliter of blood, CU had significantly greater numbers of total monocytes ( p = 0.01), classical monocytes ( p = 0.02), and intermediate monocytes ( p = 0.01). Intermediate monocytes per milliliter of blood were positively correlated to the number of times CU used cannabis per day ( r = 0.864, p

A partir de la operación de reconfiguración que Duval (1994) propone para el cálculo de la medida del área de una figura, este artículo presenta una propuesta para abordar la reconfiguración de figuras bidimensionales mediante el uso del software GeoGebra. Para mostrar la relevancia de la propuesta en la enseñanza de la Geometría, se presenta un estudio con un grupo de alumnos de sexto grado de educación primaria (entre 11 y 12 años). Los resultados muestran el potencial del software para el reconocimiento de figuras con la misma área, el uso de la reconfiguración como operación que permite modificar una figura en otra, el trabajo colaborativo y la motivación hacia las matemáticas. Se concluye que la propuesta es un valioso aporte para la enseñanza de áreas en Geometría.

Investigaciones en Didáctica de la Matemática señalan cuán importante es conocer y entender el quehacer matemático del estudiante –quehacer con o sin utilización de recursos tecnológicos–ya sea desde una postura cognitivista o epistemológica. En ese sentido, en este reporte se utiliza como herramienta teórica el Espacio de Trabajo Matemático (ETM) para analizar la producción matemática de estudiantes chilenos de nivel secundario (16–17 años). Para este propósito se presenta una situación de aprendizaje con tareas relacionadas con la tasa de variación en la que se utiliza GeoGebra. A partir del análisis de las producciones de los estudiantes, se evidencia que esta teoría proporciona herramientas para caracterizar la producción matemática de estudiantes. En particular, este marco teórico permite describir y analizar el proceso de construcción progresivo del significado de la tasa de variación (que lleva a la noción intuitiva de derivada) a partir de la activación de las génesis semiótica, instrumental y discursiva, la coordinación de planos verticales semiótico-instrumental, semiótico-discursivo e instrumental-discursivo, así como los paradigmasdel Análisis privilegiados por los estudiantes.

PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of 12 wk of postexercise kefir consumption in cancer survivors who have undergone chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. METHODS All participants were enrolled in a structured exercise training program and separated into kefir (KEF) or control (CON) treatment groups. KEF consumed 8 oz. of kefir after exercise sessions (3 d·wk-1) for 12 wk. Outcome measures included assessments for body size and composition, aerobic fitness and muscular strength, medical history, and psychological state at pre- and postintervention time points. Blood was collected and analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, and LPS-stimulated whole blood IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α production were obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at both time points. Monocyte numbers and phenotype were obtained using flow cytometry. RESULTS Participants (N = 24; 9 males and 15 females) were an average of 61 ± 9.9 yr old. Kefir consumption was associated with 6.3% (P = 0.034) improvements in lean body mass, as well as 51.4% (P = 0.046), 39.3% (P = 0.017), and 64.7% (P = 0.021) improvements in measures of depression, fatigue, and gastric distress, respectively. KEF also experienced a significant 35.4% (P = 0.01) reduction in circulating LPS along with an 18.0% increase (P < 0.001) in classical monocytes % and a 22.3% decrease (P = 0.04) in nonclassical monocytes %. There were no significant changes in any other variables. CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of kefir consumption improved lean body mass, depression, fatigue, gastric distress, and a biomarker of gut dysbiosis. Kefir improved overall and classical monocyte numbers. Kefir should be considered as a component of a postexercise dietary regimen for cancer survivors.

BackgroundThe distribution of RUNX1-RUNXT1, PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11, BCR-ABL1p210, and KMT2A-MLLT3 in the pediatric population with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in many countries of Latin America is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of these fusion genes in children with de novo AML from Mexico City, which has one of the highest incidence rates of acute leukemia in the world. Additionally, we explored their impact in mortality during the first year of treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the presence of RUNX1-RUNXT1, PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11, BCR-ABL1p210, and KMT2A-MLLT3 by RT-PCR among 77 patients (de novo AML between 2019 and 2021 in nine Mexico City hospitals.ResultsThe overall frequency of the fusion genes was 50.7%; RUNX1-RUNXT1 (22.1%) and PML-RARA (20.8%) were the most prevalent, followed by CBFB-MYH11 (5.2%) and BCR-ABL1p210 (2.4%). KMT2A-MLLT3 was not detected. Patients with PML-RARA showed the lowest survival with high early mortality events. However, more studies are required to evaluate the impact of analyzed fusion genes on the overall survival of the Mexican child population with AML.ConclusionThe pediatric population of Mexico City with AML had frequencies of AML1-ETO, PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11, and BCR-ABL1p210 similar to those of other populations around the world. Patients with BCR-ABL1p210and CBFB-MYH11 were few or did not die, while those with MLL-AF9 was not detected. Although patients with PML-RARA had a low survival and a high early mortality rate, further studies are needed to determine the long-term impacts of these fusion genes on this Latino population.

NK cells have unique attributes to react towards cells undergoing malignant transformation or viral infection. This reactivity is regulated by activating or inhibitory germline encoded receptors. An impaired NK cell function may result from an aberrant expression of such receptors, a condition often seen in patients with hematological cancers. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer worldwide and NK cells have emerged as crucial targets for developing immunotherapies. However, there are important gaps concerning the phenotype and behavior of NK cells during emergence of ALL. In this study we analyze the phenotype and function of NK cells from peripheral blood in pediatric patients with ALL at diagnosis. Our results showed that NK cells exhibited an altered phenotype highlighted by a significant reduction in the overall expression and percent representation of activating receptors compared to age-matched controls. No significant differences were found for the expression of inhibitory receptors. Moreover, NK cells with a concurrent reduced expression in various activating receptors, was the dominant phenotype among patients. An alteration in the relative frequencies of NK cells expressing NKG2A and CD57 within the mature NK cell pool was also observed. In addition, NK cells from patients displayed a significant reduction in the ability to sustain antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Finally, an aberrant expression of activating receptors is associated with the phenomenon of leukemia during childhood.

Low protein (LP) diets promote health and longevity in diverse species. Although the precise components of an LP diet that mediate its beneficial effects have not been defined, reducing dietary levels of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine promotes metabolic health in both sexes, and increases lifespan while reducing frailty in male, but not female, C57BL/6J mice. Each BCAA has unique metabolic effects, and we recently showed that restriction of isoleucine is both sufficient to promote metabolic health and required for the metabolic benefits of an LP diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that specifically restricting isoleucine could promote healthy aging in genetically heterogenous UM-HET3 mice. We find that a reduced isoleucine diet improves the metabolic health of both young and old HET3 mice, promoting leanness and glycemic control. Restriction of isoleucine starting in adult, 6 month old HET3 mice reprograms hepatic metabolism in a way distinct from an LP diet. Finally, we find that a reduced isoleucine diet reduces frailty and extends the lifespan of both male and female HET3 mice, but to a much greater degree in males. Our results demonstrate that restricting dietary isoleucine can increase health span and longevity in a genetically diverse population of mice, and suggests that reducing dietary levels of isoleucine may have great potential as a geroprotective intervention.

Protein-restricted diets promote health and longevity in many species. While the precise components of a protein-restricted diet that mediate the beneficial effects to longevity have not been defined, we recently showed that many metabolic effects of protein restriction can be attributed to reduced dietary levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine. Here, we demonstrate that restricting dietary BCAAs increases the survival of two different progeroid mouse models, delays frailty and promotes the metabolic health of wild-type C57BL/6J mice when started in midlife, and leads to a 30% increase in life span and a reduction in frailty in male, but not female, wild-type mice when they undergo lifelong feeding. Our results demonstrate that restricting dietary BCAAs can increase health span and longevity in mice and suggest that reducing dietary BCAAs may hold potential as a translatable intervention to promote healthy aging. The authors find that mice fed a diet with reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids have improved metabolic health, and in males but not females, lifelong feeding of such a diet reduces frailty and extends life span.

Introduction This study investigated the effects of a beet nitric oxide enhancing (NOE) supplement comprised of nitrite and nitrate on cycling performance indices in trained cyclists. Methods: Subjects completed a lactate threshold test and a high-intensity interval (HIIT) protocol at 50% above functional threshold power with or without oral NOE supplement. Results: NOE supplementation enhanced lactate threshold by 7.2% (Placebo = 191.6 ± 37.3 W, NOE = 205.3 ± 39.9; p = 0.01; Effect Size (ES) = 0.40). During the HIIT protocol, NOE supplementation improved time to exhaustion 18% (Placebo = 1251 ± 562s, NOE = 1474 ± 504s; p = 0.02; ES = 0.42) and total energy expended 22.3% (Placebo = 251 ± 48.6 kJ, NOE = 306.6 ± 55.2 kJ; p = 0.01; ES = 1.079). NOE supplementation increased the intervals completed (Placebo = 7.00 ± 2.5, NOE = 8.14 ± 2.4; p = 0.03; ES = 0.42) and distance cycled (Placebo = 10.9 ± 4.0 km, NOE = 13.5 ± 3.9 km; p = 0.01; ES = 0.65). Also, target power was achieved at a higher cadence during the HIIT work and rest periods (p = 0.02), which enhanced muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) recovery. Time-to-fatigue was negatively correlated with the degree of SmO2, desaturation during the HIIT work interval segment (r = −0.67; p 0.008), while both SmO2 desaturation and the SmO2 starting work segment saturation level correlated with a cyclist's kJ expended (SmO2 desaturation: r = −0.51, p = 0.06; SmO2 starting saturation: r = 0.59, p = 0.03). Conclusion: NOE supplementation containing beet nitrite and nitrate enhanced submaximal (lactate threshold) and HIIT maximal effort work. The NOE supplementation resulted in a cyclist riding at higher cadence rates with lower absolute torque values at the same power during both the work and rest periods, which in-turn delayed over-all fatigue and improved total work output., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Beet nitric oxide enhancing supplementation comprised of inorganic nitrite and nitrate, but relying predominately on nitrite for nitric oxide production, improved lactate threshold power by 7.2% compared to placebo in trained cyclists and triathletes. • Beet nitric oxide enhancing supplementation increased the total number of work intervals completed while improving time to exhaustion 18%, the total energy expenditure expended during high intensity intervals 22.3%, and the total cycling distance completed 23.9% compared to placebo. • Beet nitric oxide enhancing supplementation improved performance by allowing each subject to maintain interval power targets at higher cadences and lower absolute torque which in turn enhanced SmO2 recovery during the rest intervals. • A beet nitric oxide enhancing supplement with an appropriate concentration of inorganic nitrite can be an effective ergogenic aid, and response faster than a nitrate supplement.

BackgroundB-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment regimens, approximately 20% of the cases cannot be cured, highlighting the necessity for identifying new biomarkers to improve the current clinical and molecular risk stratification schemes. We aimed to investigate whether LINC00173 is a biomarker in ALL and to explore its expression level in other human cancer types.MethodsA nested case–control study including Mexican children with BCP-ALL was conducted. LINC00173 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR using hydrolysis probes. To validate our findings, RNA-seq expression data from BCP-ALL and normal tissues were retrieved from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) repositories, respectively. LINC00173 expression was also evaluated in solid tumors by downloading available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).ResultsA lower expression of LINC00173 in BCP-ALL cases compared to normal subjects was observed (p < 0.05). ALL patients who carry the TCF3/PBX1 fusion gene displayed lower expression of LINC00173 in contrast to other BCP-ALL molecular subtypes (p < 0.04). LINC00173 underexpression was associated with a high risk to relapse (HR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.213–3.120) and die (HR = 2.073, 95% CI = 1.211–3.547). Patients with TCF3/PBX1 and underexpression of LINC00173 had the worst prognosis (DFS: HR = 12.24, 95% CI = 5.04–29.71; OS: HR = 11.19, 95% CI = 26–32). TCGA data analysis revealed that underexpression of LINC00173 is also associated with poor clinical outcomes in six new reported tumor types.ConclusionOur findings suggest that LINC00173 is a biomarker of poor prognosis in BCP-ALL and other types of cancer. We observed an association between the expression of LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX1 and the risk to relapse and die in BCP-ALL, which is worse in TCF3/PBX1-positive cases displaying underexpression of LINC00173. Experimental studies are needed to provide insight into the LINC00173 and TCF3/PBX relationship.

The distribution ofWe retrospectively analyzed the presence ofThe overall frequency of the fusion genes was 50.7%;The pediatric population of Mexico City with AML had frequencies of

Low protein (LP) diets are associated with a decreased risk of diabetes in humans, and a low protein diet promotes leanness and glycemic control in both rodents and humans. While the effects of a LP diet on glycemic control are mediated by reduced dietary levels of the branched- chain amino acids (BCAAs), we have observed that reducing dietary levels of the other six essential amino acids leads to changes in body composition. Here, we find that dietary histidine plays a key role in the response to a LP diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Specifically reducing dietary levels of histidine by 67% reduces weight gain of young, lean male mice, reducing both adipose and lean mass gain, without altering glucose metabolism. Specifically reducing dietary histidine rapidly reverses diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese male mice, increasing insulin sensitivity; this normalization of metabolic health was associated not with caloric restriction or increased activity, but with increased energy expenditure. We find that the effects of histidine restriction surprisingly does not require the energy balance hormone Fgf21. Histidine restriction started in mid-life promoted leanness and glucose tolerance in aged males but not females, but did not affect frailty or lifespan in either sex. Finally, we demonstrate that variation in dietary histidine levels helps to explain body mass index differences in humans. Overall, our findings demonstrate that dietary histidine is a key regulator of weight and body composition in male mice and in humans, and suggest that reducing dietary levels of histidine may be a highly translatable option for the treatment of obesity.Key PointsProtein restriction (PR) promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans and extends rodent lifespan.Restriction of specific individual essential amino acids can recapitulate the benefits of PR.Reduced histidine promotes leanness and increased energy expenditure in mice.Reduced histidine does not extend the lifespan of mice when begun in mid-life.Dietary levels of histidine are positively associated with BMI in humans.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de los cuadriláteros como saber a enseñar en el currículo de Perú. Los elementos teóricos en que nos basamos están sustentados por la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) y en su perspectiva ecológica. Realizamos un estudio del sistema Educativo Peruano, de las reformas curriculares y luego analizamos cómo y porqué está presente el estudio de los cuadriláteros en el sistema escolar peruano. Como resultados, obtuvimos que, en el currículo de peruano, existe atomización de los contenidos, específicamente enGeometría, es decir, los contenidos son propuestos para ser enseñados de manera separada sin interrelacionarse, por lo cual se pudo dilucidar que, en el caso de los cuadriláteros, se da el fenómeno del autismo temático, que quiere decir que existe un encierro en el nivel temático dentro de la escalade codeterminación didáctica.

In Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (To identify the mutational landscape of theDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing ofCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of

Objetivo: medir los efectos de la politica de precios de garantia en la producción, el consumo y el saldo de comercio de frijol en la región de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca. Metodología: se usó un modelo programación de precios endógenos que maximiza el excedente económico en el mercado de frijol en los Valles Centrales, se usó información promedio del periodo 2017-2019. Resultados: con la política de precios de garantía la producción aumentaría en 13.0 % y el consumo disminuiría 3.5 %, respecto a los niveles observados en el año base. Dichos cambios disminuirían el saldo de comercio de 6.3 a 5.5 miles de toneladas. Los cambios anteriores determinarían un aumento de 27.6 % en el excedente al productor y una contracción en el excedente al consumidor en 6.9 %, respecto al nivel observado en el año base. Limitaciones: las elasticidades utilizadas corresponden al mercado nacional de frijol. Conclusiones: la política de precios de garantía tiene un efecto positivo en la producción y el bienestar del productor, y un efecto negativo en el consumo y bienestar del consumidor. El aumento en la producción de frijol no sería suficiente para eliminar el déficit comercial; por lo tanto, se recomienda la implementación de otras políticas para aumentar la producción de la leguminosa.

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is the most frequent pediatric cancer worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment regimens, approximately 20% of the cases cannot be cured, highlighting the necessity for identifying new biomarkers to improve the current clinical and molecular risk stratification schemes. We aimed to investigate whetherA nested case-control study including Mexican children with BCP-ALL was conducted.A lower expression ofOur findings suggest that