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A wealth of research now exists surrounding use of the WHO surgical safety checklist. This paper reviews the literature regarding checklist use in developing countries. Results identify a lack of available literature specific to developing countries despite this potentially being where the greatest impact could be observed. Unique challenges of checklist use are discussed and opportunities for future research focusing on use of the checklist in developing countries suggested.

The World Health Organisation's Safer Surgery Checklist has become an integral part of standard practice in operating theatres in the UK and other countries. However, some doubts still exist over how much of an effect the checklist actually has, with some staff feeling some resentment towards it. This review explores the literature regarding the impact of the checklist on theatre departments and how this can inform practice. The evidence found shows that use of the checklist reduces patient morbidity and mortality, improves communication and teamwork, reduces operating time and can reduce theatre costs. The negative perceptions that surround the checklist arise from misconceptions and lack of understanding and can result in poor compliance. Further research is required across all areas but with a focus on education and implementation of strategies that address existing barriers.