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Recantation and Domestic Violence empowers people and communities in improving their understanding of and skills in domestic violence cases that involve recantation. This book illustrates the precise interpersonal dynamics of recantation in criminal cases in which felony-level abuse has occurred.This book equips professionals in working more effectively with victims of domestic violence, their abusers, family members, and other supporters. Using the five-stage model of recantation, case examples, and audiotaped telephone conversations between abusers and their victims, it puts the reader directly in touch with what abusers say, how they say it, and how victims respond.This book is applicable to practitioners and research audiences in fields such as criminal law, family law, child custody, violence prevention, therapeutic interventions, medicine, nursing, psychology, social work, sociology, and behavioral economics.

This book examines whether and how non-state armed groups might be required to provide reparations for the harm caused by their violations of international law committed during situations of non-international armed conflict.Most of today's armed conflicts are waged between states and non-state armed groups or between such groups. Societies ravaged by these conflicts endure extensive harm resulting from violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. This reality prompts a series of pressing questions. Akin to states, should non-state armed groups be held responsible for making reparation when violating international law? And if so, what measures can these groups take to repair the harm they have caused? The book begins by clarifying if there exists, in contemporary international law, a duty for armed groups to provide reparation. It considers whether non-state armed groups have primary international obligations as distinct duty bearers, and whether reparation can be one of the legal consequences when violating these obligations. Subsequently, the book sheds new light on how non-state armed groups'duty of reparation can be operationalised in international law. This involves elucidating both the conceptualisation and practical application of this duty. Combining this legal analysis with practical perspectives, the book unveils important insights for international law, drawn from an in-depth analysis of Colombia's experiences with reparations by armed groups in the context of transitional justice.This book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners working in the fields of international law related to armed conflict, accountability and redress, and transitional justice more broadly.

Bringing together cutting-edge theory and research that bridges academic disciplines from criminology and criminal justice, to developmental psychology, sociology, and political science, Thinking About Victimization offers an authoritative and refreshingly accessible overview of scholarship on the nature, sources, and consequences of victimization.This book integrates empirical research and victimization theory and is written in a lively style, with sharp storytelling and an appreciation of international research on victimization. Rooted in a healthy respect for criminological history and the important foundational works in victimization studies, it provides a detailed account of how different data sources can influence our understanding of victimization; of how the sources of victimization - individual, situational, and contextual - are complicated and varied; and of how the consequences of victimization - personal, social, and political - are just as complex. Thinking About Victimization also engages with contemporary issues such as sexual victimization and intimate partner violence, victimization in schools, cybervictimization, and prison victimization, as well as terrorism and state-sponsored violence. The second edition reflects new research developments in victimology, including updated discussions on the COVID-19 pandemic, police brutality, increases in crime, and school shootings.Thinking About Victimization is essential reading for advanced courses in victimization offered in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, health, and social work departments. With its unapologetic reliance on theory and research combined with its easy readability, undergraduate and graduate students alike will find much to learn in these pages.

La serie victimologia reúne publicaciones científicas referidas a los difíciles y complejos procesos que provoca el delito. Estos son abordados en trabajos e investigaciones de destacados especialistas en Victimología y Criminología que pertenecen a Universidades, Centros asistenciales y de ayuda a las víctimas, así como a Investigadores de distintas disciplinas cuyo objetivo principal es la comprensión de las víctimas y la búsqueda de respuestas institucionales, sociales y culturales. La Serie VICTIMOLOGÍA reúne publicaciones especializadas y de actualización; está dirigida a profesionales del Derecho, Psicología, Criminología, Medicina, Sociología, Trabajo Social; a personal policial, penitenciario, asistentes terapéuticos y a personas que trabajan, a nivel comunitario, en la prevención del delito.

De afgelopen decennia is binnen het nationale, Europese en internationale strafrecht een trend ontstaan om bepaalde groepen slachtoffers te identificeren die – vanwege de aard van het misdrijf of vanwege bepaalde eigenschappen van het slachtoffer zelf – als ‘kwetsbaar'worden gezien en die speciale behoeften hebben ten aanzien van het procedurele of materiële strafrecht. Om aan deze speciale behoeften tegemoet te komen, zijn op de betreffende kwetsbare slachtoffers extra maatregelen van toepassing in aanvulling op de algemene slachtofferrechten.Vanwege de trend om aparte groepen slachtoffers te identificeren als bijzonder kwetsbaar en hen te voorzien van aanvullende rechten, is een zogenaamde ‘slachtofferhiërarchie'ontstaan. Er is sprake van een geprivilegieerde behandeling van bepaalde groepen slachtoffers zonder dat er altijd voldoende aandacht wordt geschonken aan het concept kwetsbaarheid, aan het verband tussen een bepaalde kwetsbaarheid en de daaraan gekoppelde extra maatregelen, en aan de rechtvaardiging van dergelijke privileges ten opzichte van ‘reguliere', niet-kwetsbare slachtoffers.Het groeiend aantal kwetsbare groepen en speciale maatregelen binnen het straf(proces)recht nopen tot een nadere analyse van het concept kwetsbaarheid. Welke kwetsbaarheden van slachtoffers worden momenteel erkend binnen de context van het materiële en het formele strafrecht? Waarom zijn deze kwetsbaarheden gekozen (en andere niet), en hoe zit het met empirisch onderzoek naar deze kwetsbaarheden? Welke bijzondere maatregelen worden aan de classificatie als kwetsbaar slachtoffer verbonden? Welke kwetsbaar heden zien we mogelijk over het hoofd of welke kwetsbaarheden zijn – bij nader inzien – misschien minder relevant? Oftewel: is al het weerloze van waarde?

The term victim refers to a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action. Victimology focuses on the victimization in terms of psychological effects, impact on criminal justice system and new policies and it is a major aspect in the area of forensic field. Victimization can occur due to abuse, assault, maltreatment, war, terrorism, crimes and it can happen in different settings like home, school, and public. In the past, more emphasis was given to perpetrators and various theories tried explain the behavior of perpetrator and their offences. Recently, researchers started focusing different aspects of victimology and explored risk factors for becoming victim, reasons for repeated victimization, and forensic, psychological and social dimensions of victims and consequences of victimization. But there is a need for new theories and researches to have more thorough understanding of victimization. The field of criminology dealt with crimes and various theories has developed to explain why crime occurs and more focused on perpetrators. A crime involves perpetrator and victim and not much attention has been given to the victim until recently. What happens to a victim, what are the psychological and social consequences of a harmful act to a victim, vulnerabilities to become a victim are getting serious attention now a days and started influencing the criminal justice system. The psychological and social impacts of victimization may be a short or long duration but the impacts cannot be ignored. The legal remedies and psychological healings are important aspects of victimization. While considering these factors, the book would be focusing on origin and scope of victimology, different types of victimization such as sexual abuse, domestic violence, maltreatment, cyber crimes, war and terrorism, natural calamities, victimization at school and work place, human trafficking, crime against persons, crime against property, white collar crime, elder abuse, victim with disabilities, secondary victim and re-victimization and its psychological impacts and related issues. The book would also focus on victimology and forensic factors and its influence on criminal justice system in addition to the psychological management of victimization.

This book is a practical guide for advocates interested in the representation of victims before the International Criminal Court (ICC). It has been developed by experts responsible for the advocacy training of the International Criminal Court's List of Counsel members. Written in a readily accessible style, this guide provides a firm grounding in relevant legal doctrine, essential advocacy techniques and valuable multidisciplinary perspectives. Drawing upon global expertise from legal practitioners, specialist advocacy trainers and multi-disciplinary writers, this book addresses both practical considerations and key challenges faced by ICC victim advocates. These include issues such as gender, child victims, victims of sexual violence, special need victims and victims who are themselves implicated in international crimes. Through its practical focus on advocacy techniques, hypothetical case studies, checklists, interviews from the field and lists of furtherresources, this manual equips readers with the knowledge and skills necessary to engage in sophisticated ICC victim advocacy. This book will also appeal to those interested in the workings of International Criminal Law and in victim advocacy and victimology more broadly.

La serie victimologia reúne publicaciones científicas referidas a los difíciles y complejos procesos que provoca el delito. Estos son abordados en trabajos e investigaciones de destacados especialistas en Victimología y Criminología que pertenecen a Universidades, Centros asistenciales y de ayuda a las víctimas, así como a Investigadores de distintas disciplinas cuyo objetivo principal es la comprensión de las víctimas y la búsqueda de respuestas institucionales, sociales y culturales. La Serie VICTIMOLOGÍA reúne publicaciones especializadas y de actualización; está dirigida a profesionales del Derecho, Psicología, Criminología, Medicina, Sociología, Trabajo Social; a personal policial, penitenciario, asistentes terapéuticos y a personas que trabajan, a nivel comunitario, en la prevención del delito.

The book analyses the difficulties the International Criminal Court faces with the definition of those persons who are eligible for participating in the proceedings. Establishing justice for victims is one of the most important aims of the court. It therefore created a unique system of victim participation. Since its first trial the court struggles to live up to the expectancies its statute has generated. The book offers a new approach of how to define victimhood by looking at the different international crimes. It seeks to offer guidance for the right to participate in the different stages of the proceedings by looking at the practice in national jurisdictions. Lastly the book offers insights into the functioning of the reparation regime at the ICC by virtue of the Trust Fund for Victim and its different mandates. The critical analysis of the ICC-practice with regard to definition, participation and reparation aims at promoting a realistic approach, which will avoid the disappointing of expectations and thus help to enhance the acceptance of the ICC.

Les opérations de maintien de la paix sont loin de toutes bien se dérouler...Les missions de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies font face à des défis importants, surtout depuis la montée des conflits intraétatiques et les mandats plus complexes adoptés par le Conseil de sécurité. Les opérations de paix doivent maintenant, non seulement assurer la sécurité des populations civiles, mais aussi contrôler et faire respecter les droits humains. La situation se complique lorsque les soldats de paix et le personnel civil international en viennent à commettre eux aussi des crimes ou manquent à leurs obligations dans le cadre du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales. Ce livre nous fait rentrer dans le méandre des opérations de maintien de la paix, en manifestant les causes de leurs faiblesses lorsqu'elles sont tributaires à l'exercice de la compétence pénale par les États contributeurs de troupes. Il traite également de l'inaffectivité de la réparation des victimes des fautes graves commises par les soldats de paix.Plongez dans la complexité des missions de l'ONU!À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURMichel Mugaruka Kaboyi est Directeur du Centre de Recherche sur les Opérations de Maintien de la Paix, Magistrat et membre de l'Association internationale des procureurs et poursuivants francophones (AIPPF). Fort de son expérience dans la gestion des conflits touchant aux opérations de maintien de la paix, il travaille comme partenaire des Nations Unies dans la prévention des actes d'exploitation et d'abus sexuels dans les missions de paix de l'ONU. Il est également auteur de plusieurs publications scientifiques et réside à Kinshasa.

Mélanges en l'honneur de Monsieur le Professeur Claude Lienhard.

The United Nations has established a right to the truth to be enjoyed by victims of gross violations of human rights. The origins of the right stem from the need to provide victims and relatives of the missing with a right to know what happened. It encompasses the verification and full public disclosure of the facts associated with the crimes from which they or their relatives suffered. The importance of the right to the truth is based on the belief that, by disclosing the truth, the suffering of victims is alleviated.This book analyses the emergence of this right, as a response to an understanding of the needs of victims, through to its development and application in two particular legal contexts: international human rights law and international criminal justice. The book examines in detail the application of the right through the case law and jurisprudence of international tribunals in the human rights and also the criminal justice context, as well as looking at its place in transitional justice. The theoretical foundations of the right to the truth are considered as well as the various objectives appropriate for different truth-seeking mechanisms. The book then goes on to discuss to what extent it can be understood, constructed and applied as a hard, legally enforceable right with correlating duties on various people and institutions including state agencies, prosecutors and judges.

The Praxis of Justice brings together original contributions on restorative justice centering on the work of Ivo Aertsen, Emeritus Professor of Criminology in the Faculty of Law, KU Leuven. The work of Ivo Aertsen has impacted not only his country, Belgium, but the whole world. In recognition of a worthy life, his friends and colleagues of different generations and from all around the world have created this Liber Amicorum, as a living testament to friendship and accomplishment. The contributions in the book are both diverse and complementary as colours and motives of a tapestry, ranging from fully fledged scholarly reflections to personal anecdotes, memories and letters. The book will be especially interesting for anyone interested in restorative justice in general, and in the work of Ivo Aertsen in particular.

This book traces victims'active participatory rights through different procedural stages in adversarial and non-adversarial justice systems, in an attempt to identify what role victims play during criminal proceedings in the domestic setting. Braun analyses countries with different legal traditions, including: the United States, England, Wales and Australia (as examples of mostly adversarial countries); Germany and France (as examples of inquisitorial systems); as well as Denmark and Sweden with their mixed inquisitorial-adversarial background. Victim Participation Rights is distinctive in that it assesses the implementation of formal processes and procedures concerning victim participation at three different procedural stages: first, investigation and pre-trial; second, trial and sentencing; and third, post-trial with a focus on appeal and parole. In addition, Braun provides an in-depth case study on the general position of victims in criminal trials, especially in light of national criminal justice policy, in Germany, a mostly inquisitorial system and Australia, a largely adversarial system. In light of its findings, the book ponders whether, at this stage in time, a greater focus on victim protection rather than on active procedural rights could be more beneficial to enhancing the overall experience of victims. In this context, it takes a close look at the merits of introducing or expanding legal representation schemes for victims.

Bringing together cutting-edge theory and research that bridges academic disciplines from criminology and criminal justice, to developmental psychology, sociology, and political science, Thinking About Victimization offers an authoritative, comprehensive, and refreshingly accessible overview of scholarship on the nature, sources, and consequences of victimization. Written in a lively style with sharp storytelling and an appreciation of international research on victimization, this book is rooted in a healthy respect for criminological history and the foundational works in victimization studies. It provides a detailed account of how different data sources can influence our understanding of victimization; of how the sources of victimization—individual, situational, and contextual—are complicated and varied; and of how the consequences of victimization—personal, legal, and political—are just as complex. This book also engages with contemporary issues such as cybervictimization, intimate partner violence and sexual victimization, prison violence and victimization, and terrorism and state-sponsored violence. Thinking About Victimization is essential reading for advanced courses in victimization offered in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, social work, and public policy departments. With its unapologetic reliance on theory and research combined with its easy readability, undergraduate and graduate students alike will find much to learn in these pages.

Wie können Betroffene von rechter und rassistischer Gewalt in Deutschland unterstützt werden? Gesa Köbberling greift Ergebnisse internationaler Hate-Crime-Forschung auf und rekonstruiert anhand von Fallanalysen und qualitativen Interviews den Zusammenhang zwischen individuellen Gewaltfolgen und gesellschaftlichem Kontext. Sie skizziert die Potenziale - aber auch die Grenzen - eines professionellen Unterstützungsangebots, das sich explizit als soziale und politische Praxis versteht. Die Studie knüpft an Diskussionen um Möglichkeiten einer kritischen Praxis Sozialer Arbeit an, die das Politische im Sozialen nicht ausklammert.

Como no podía ser de otro modo, la Universidad de Medellín, caracteriza regionalmente como una casa de Altos Estudios inspirada en el pluralismo intelectual y la conciencia social de su misión, previó este año un espacio de reflexión y debate destinado a una aproximación a la justicia transicional. La justicia trnasicional reviste particular interés para esta querida Nación, en razón del llamado proceso de paz que exitosamente (aunque no exento de dificultades como era de esperar) viene transitando el gobierno y el pueblo colombiano en torno al conflicto armado que enfrentó el país por más de sesenta años; y constituye una de las problemáticas jurídicas, políticas, y sociales más sensibles y complejas que el mundo ha debido encarar en distintas etapas de su historia. La creación de alternativas de memoria, persecución, castigo, y olvido, a través de procesos políticos, administrativos y penales que se pueden enmarcar dentro del concepto de justicia transicional nos lleva a observar una perspectiva diferente en lo que respecta al valor de justicia y búsqueda de memoria en las sociedades en conflicto y postconflicto, ya que la justicia transicional conlleva una cantidad de elementos de mayor envergadura a los de la mera justicia penal retributiva, sumando los objetivos superiores de reconciliar o reconstruir una sociedad que pretende salir de la crisis institucional y social en la que se encuentra sumergida.

كتب قانونية اكاديمية

The demand for recognition, responsibility, and reparations is regularly invoked in the wake of colonialism, genocide, and mass violence: there can be no victims without recognition, no perpetrators without responsibility, and no justice without reparations. Or so it seems from law's limited repertoire for assembling the archive after ‘the disaster'. Archival and memorial practices are central to contexts where transitional justice, addressing historical wrongs, or reparations are at stake. The archive serves as a repository or ‘storehouse'of what needs to be gathered and recognised so that it can be left behind in order to inaugurate the future. The archive manifests law's authority and its troubled conscience. It is an indispensable part of the liberal legal response to biopolitical violence. This collection challenges established approaches to transitional justice by opening up new dialogues about the problem of assembling law's archive. The volume presents research drawn from multiple jurisdictions that address the following questions. What resists being archived? What spaces and practices of memory - conscious and unconscious - undo legal and sovereign alibis and confessions? And what narrative forms expose the limits of responsibility, recognition, and reparations? By treating the law as an ‘archive', this book traces the failure of universalised categories such as'perpetrator','victim','responsibility', and'innocence,'posited by the liberal legal state. It thereby uncovers law's counter-archive as a challenge to established forms of representing and responding to violence.

The legitimacy and performance of the traditional criminal justice system is the subject of intense scrutiny as the world economic crisis continues to put pressure on governments to cut the costs of the criminal justice system. This volume brings together the leading work on restorative justice to achieve two objectives: to construct a comprehensive and up-to-date conceptual framework for restorative justice suitable even for newcomers; and to challenge the barriers of restorative justice in the hope of taking its theory and practice a step further. The selected articles start by answering some fundamental questions about restorative justice regarding its historical and philosophical origins, and challenge the concept by bringing into the debate the human rights and equality discourses. Also included is material based on empirical testing of restorative justice claims especially those impacting on reoffending rates, victim satisfaction and reintegration. The volume concludes with a critique of restorative justice as well as with analytical thinking that aims to push its barriers. It is hoped that the investigations offered by this volume not only offer hope for a better system for abolitionists and reformists, but also new and convincing evidence to persuade the sceptics in the debate over restorative justice.

Offender rehabilitation theory and practice have traditionally focused on curing'offenders'of their deviant tendencies by changing their habits, opportunities, personality and outlook on life. Consequently, a number of interventions have been developed within the criminal justice system that are said to be involved in helping offenders. Success is measured by recidivism rates. To this end, rehabilitation has become an important aim of sentencing, whether it be in the form of incarceration, community or monetary penalties. Recently, the foundations of rehabilitation theory and practice have been shaken. Rehabilitation is now seen by many as a threat to offenders'rights and humanitarian principles. Some have even argued that rehabilitation practices are harmful to offenders'chances of correction. Alongside these concerns, the entire paradigm on which our modern criminal justice systems are based has also been questioned. Alternative visions of justice have been moved out of the shadows in the hope that more effective processes are developed for safer and more just societies. One of these visions is encapsulated in restorative justice, which is based on the foundation of promoting human goods in the pursuit of restoration of harm and the correction of deviant behaviour. Restorative justice practices, such as mediation, circles and conferencing bring to the fore states of affairs, activities and experiences that are strongly associated with well-being and higher level of personal satisfaction and social functioning. They aim to create empathy and remorse, and through constructive and honest dialogue create a sense of responsibility in the'offender'and a feeling of empowerment and justice in the'victim'. Within this framework, the labels of'victim'and'offender'collapse. A new approach to crime reduction and offender rehabilitation is thus needed. This ground-breaking, edited volume aims to respond to this call by bringing together inter-disciplinary thinking from criminology, affect-script psychology, sociology, political sciences and human rights, psychology and positive psychology, design and arts and social work. The inter-disciplinary dialogue that this book promotes aims to advance the restorative justice field, its tools, practices and evaluation techniques by bringing rehabilitation theory into the restorative justice debate, and vice versa. Target Audience: Practitioners and policy makers in criminal justice, senior-level capstone courses and upper-level seminars that review and expand on key areas of study in restorative justice, criminology, social sciences, social theory, psychology and positive psychology, law, neuroscience, human rights, criminal justice, and political science departments. The book is also intended for researchers and human rights campaigners internationally.

This book provides critically examines how recent international developments in victims theory and policy are experienced within specific local contexts. The chapters approach key criminological issues including the experience of criminal justice agencies, policy formulation, the construction of victim identities and the'discovery'of new victims.

This study addresses the management of victims and victim policy under the Coalition government, in light of an increasing move towards neoliberal and punitive law and order agendas. With a focus on victims of anti-social behaviour and hate crime, Duggan and Heap explore the changing role of the victim in contemporary criminal justice discourses.

Countries since the foot is seeking to establish relationships among them, and has been strengthened and developed, but everything edged one positive and one negative, what resulted with the passage of time periods of tension and crises between states.

In international law victims'issues have gained more and more attention over the last decades. In particular in transitional justice processes the victim is being given high priority. It is to be seen in this context that the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court foresees a rather excessive victim participation concept in criminal prosecution. In this volume issue is taken at first with the definition of victims, and secondly with the role of the victim as a witness and as a participant. Several chapters address this matter with a view to the International Criminal Court (ICC), the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) and the Trial against Demjanjuk in Germany. In a third part the interests of the victims outside the criminal trial are being discussed. In the final part the role of civil society actors are being tackled. This volume thus gives an overview of the role of victims in transitional justice processes from an interdisciplinary angle, combiningacademic research and practical experience.

In recent years, the increasing focus on climate change and environmental degradation has prompted unprecedented attention being paid towards the criminal liability of individuals, organisations and even states for polluting activities. These developments have given rise to a new area of criminological study, often called ‘green criminology'. Yet in all the theorising that has taken place in this area, there is still a marked absence of specific focus on those actually suffering harm as a result of environmental degradation. This book represents a unique attempt to substantively conceptualise and examine the place of such ‘environmental victims'in criminal justice systems both nationally and internationally. Grounded in a comparative approach and drawing on critical criminological arguments, this volume examines many of the areas traditionally considered by victimologists in relation to victims of environmental crime and, more widely, environmental harm. These include victims'rights, compensation, treatment by criminal justice systems and participation in that process. The book approaches the issue of ‘environmental victimisation'from a ‘social harms'perspective (as opposed to a ‘criminal harms'one) thus problematising the definitions of environmental crime found within most jurisdictions.Victims of Environmental Harm concludes by mapping out the contours of further research into a developing green victimology and how this agenda might inform criminal justice reform and policy making at national and global levels.This book will be of interest to researchers across a number of disciplines including criminology, international law, victimology, socio-legal studies and physical sciences as well as professionals involved in policy making processes.

The Rights of Victims in Criminal Justice Proceedings for Serious Human Rights Violations addresses a question of critical importance to policy-makers, international lawyers, academics, and affected societies throughout the world: Should victims of serious human rights violations be granted under international law the rights of access to and participation in criminal proceedings before international, hybrid and domestic tribunals? Juan Carlos Ochoa applies a thorough analysis of international and comparative domestic law and practice to this question, taking into account a host of international human rights instruments and case law, the theory, law and practice of international and hybrid criminal tribunals, the law and practice in several domestic jurisdictions, and many theoretical and empirical studies. After first determining the current state of, and emerging trends in, international law in this area, he argues that the lack of recognition of these rights under customary international law is inadequate, because access to and participation in criminal proceedings for victims of these infringements are based on several internationally recognised human rights and principles, contribute to the expressivist objectives of these procedures, and are consistent with the principles that inform the enforcement of criminal law in democratic States. On this basis, Ochoa convincingly suggests concrete reforms.

Victim-offender mediation schemes have experienced significant growth in the last decade. They are seen as an important and innovative alternative to the traditional sanctions of the criminal justice system. After a critical look at mediation schemes in the United States and Canada, most European countries have also increased their efforts to develop informal strategies to deal with deviant behavior. In terms of their legal and organizational base, it turns out that type, extent, and capacities for development are quite different in the individual countries -resulting in a remarkable diversity of programs with different outcomes. The contributions in this book are revised and edited versions of papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop Conflict, Crime and Reconciliation: The Organization of Welfare Intervention in the Field of Restitutive Justice in April 1991 at Il Ciocco, Italy. The chapters document the present stage of restorative justice in the individual countries, critically assess legal constraints and public needs, discuss the organizational requirements of implementation, and also evaluate outcomes in a broader context of crime and social policy. In the long run, this book should encourage further debates in the field of restorative justice and help build valid guidelines for an international evaluation research.

Spätestens seit Garlands »Culture of Control« wird die Frage gestellt, ob und wie die Kriminalpolitik »das Opfer« benutzt, um dem Strafrecht punitive Züge zu geben. Der Verdacht, dass das Opfer als Vehikel des »Penal Populism« diene, besteht auch mit Blick auf den expandierenden strafprozessualen Opferschutz in Deutschland. Ralf Kölbel und Lena Bork zeigen nach der bisher umfassendsten Sekundäranalyse auf, dass die »Gefahr sekundärer Viktimisierung« im rechtspolitischen Diskurs seit 30 Jahren als eine Legitimationsfigur fungiert, die keine wissenschaftliche Grundlage hat. Dennoch ergibt eine Rekonstruktion der wesentlichen Gesetzgebungsvorgänge nur wenig Hinweise auf eine Opferinstrumentalisierung. Die viktimologische Wende im Strafprozess erscheint eher als sozialstaatliches Projekt, das sich aber von seiner empirischen Basis verselbstständigt hat und deshalb gleichermaßen untersuchungs- und hinterfragungsbedürftig ist. Hierfür entwickeln die Autoren abschließend einen konzeptionellen Rahmen.

Alongside existing regimes for victim redress at the national and international levels, in the coming years international criminal law and, in particular, the International Criminal Court, will potentially provide a significant legal framework through which the harm caused by egregious conduct can be addressed. Drawing on a wealth of comparative experience, Conor McCarthy's study of the Rome Statute's regime of victim redress provides a comprehensive exploration of this framework, examining both its reparations regime and its scheme for the provision of victim support through the ICC Trust Fund. The study explores, in particular, whether the creation of a regime of victim redress has a role to play as part of a system for the administration of international criminal justice and, more generally, whether it has such a role alongside other regimes, at the national and international levels, by which the harm suffered by victims of egregious conduct may be redressed.

Besides generating wealth, globalization makes victims, including victims of new forms of crime. In this edited book of scholarly essays, international lawyers and criminologists reflect on the legal challenges posed by these dark sides of globalization. Examples include transnational organised crime, human trafficking and corruption, cyber crimes, international terrorism, global corporate crime and cross-border environmental crimes. The authors reflect on the limits of domestic systems of justice in providing protection, empowerment and redress to the victims of these emerging forms of global insecurity. They argue for the need of better international or supra-national institutional arrangements such as legal instruments and actions of the United Nations or regional organizations such as the European Union. In part I Jan Van Dijk and Rianne Letschert present an overview of trends in criminal victimization against the backdrop of globalization using a unique set of statistical indicators. By placing this issue in the framework of the human security concept, the authors draw out its broader political and normative implications. Theologist Ralf Bodelier explains how modern communication technologies have heightened sensitivities among the general public for human insecurities anywhere in the world. In his view, a new global conscience is in the making that may become the cornerstone of international solidarity and action. Marc Groenhuijsen and Rianne Letschert describe the emergence of national and international legal and institutional arrangements to offer remedies to victims of crime in an era of globalization. In part II a selection of experts analyse the specific issues surrounding the protection and empowerment of victims of different types of international crimes such as human trafficking, organised crime/corruption, terrorism, global corporate crime and cross border environmental crimes. In part III focused attention is givento the special challenges and opportunities of protecting and assisting crime victims in cyberspace. Part IV deals with emerging victim issues in humanitarian law such as the accountability of private military companies and the implementation of the ambitious victim provisions in the statute of the International Criminal Court including the establishment of a global fund for reparations. In the final part of the book some of its core authors formulate their ideas about the international institutional arrangements that should be put in place to offer justice to the victims of globalization. A concrete proposal is made for the transformation of the United Nations 1985 Declaration on the Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power into a full-fledged UN convention. In the final chapter further proposals are made for the increased involvement of regional organisations such as the European Union in the protection of victims of global crime.

Over the last thirty years, victims of crime have become a staple topic of media interest and policy-making discourse.Drawing on an extensive programme of first-hand empirical data gathered at some 300 English criminal trials, this book examines the practical outcomes of this reform agenda and assesses the meaning, implications and impact of the government's pledge to put victims'at the heart'of the criminal justice system.The study also draws on in-depth interviews with barristers and solicitors, as well as court administrators and other Local Criminal Justice Board members. The book delves into the policy-making process behind these reforms, based on interviews conducted at key government departments, and offers a model for what a genuinely'victim centred'criminal justice system might look like in the twenty-first century, drawing on the psychological and sociological literature on narrative responses to traumatic events.

In its resolution 2005/20 of 22 July 2005, the Economic and Social Council adopted the Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime. The Guidelines form part of the body of United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice, which are internationally recognized normative principles in that area as developed by the international community since 1950. The Guidelines represent good practice based on the consensus reflected in contemporary knowledge and relevant international and regional norms, standards and principles in the treatment of child victims and witnesses of crime by the criminal justice system. It is intended to serve as guidance for policymakers and professionals dealing with child victims and witnesses of crime, such as judges, medical and support staff, law enforcement officials, prosecutors, social workers, staff of non-governmental organizations and teachers.

Giving victims of crime a greater role in the criminal justice system is a relatively recent development, a trend likely to continue and increase in the foreseeable future. In many jurisdictions it has led to compensation schemes funded by the state, support for victims of crime to help them recover from their ordeal, and involvement of victims in decisions as to how offenders should be dealt with. This book examines developments in support for victims of crime in Asia. It shows how, contrary to the widely-held belief that Asian jurisdictions shy away from a rights based approach, there has been considerable progress in support for victims of crime in Asia, especially in Thailand and Korea, where rights for victims of crime are entrenched in constitutional provisions, and in Taiwan and Japan. Support for Victims of Crime in Asia discusses international developments, the degree to which support for victims of crime is an import into Asia from the west, and developments in a range of countries, including Thailand, Korea, Taiwan and Japan, India, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

In recent times, the idea of'victims'rights'has come to feature prominently in political, criminological and legal discourse, as well as being subject to regular media comment. The concept nevertheless remains inherently elusive, and there is still considerable ambiguity as to the origin and substance of such rights. This monograph deconstructs the nature and scope of the rights of victims of crime against the backdrop of an emerging international consensus on how victims ought to be treated and the role they ought to play. The essence of such rights is ascertained not only by surveying the plethora of international standards which deal specifically with crime victims, but also by considering the potential cross-applicability of standards relating to victims of abuse of power, with whom they have much in common. In this book Jonathan Doak considers the parameters of a number of key rights which international standards suggest victims ought to be entitled to. He then proceeds to ask whether victims are able to rely upon such rights within a domestic criminal justice system characterised by structures, processes and values which are inherently exclusionary, adversarial and punitive in nature.

The legitimacy and performance of the traditional criminal justice system is the subject of intense scrutiny as the world economic crisis continues to put pressure on governments to cut the costs of the criminal justice system. This volume brings together the leading work on restorative justice to achieve two objectives: to construct a comprehensive and up-to-date conceptual framework for restorative justice suitable even for newcomers; and to challenge the barriers of restorative justice in the hope of taking its theory and practice a step further. The selected articles start by answering some fundamental questions about restorative justice regarding its historical and philosophical origins, and challenge the concept by bringing into the debate the human rights and equality discourses. Also included is material based on empirical testing of restorative justice claims especially those impacting on reoffending rates, victim satisfaction and reintegration. The volume concludes with a critique of restorative justice as well as with analytical thinking that aims to push its barriers. It is hoped that the investigations offered by this volume not only offer hope for a better system for abolitionists and reformists, but also new and convincing evidence to persuade the sceptics in the debate over restorative justice.

First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.