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1. Evaluating the Model Representation of Asian Summer Monsoon Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Transport and Composition Using Airborne In Situ Observations

Author

National Center for Atmospheric Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Smith, Warren P. [0000-0002-8933-8993], Pan, Laura L. [000-0001-7377-2114], Kinnison, Douglas [0000-0002-3418-0834], Atlas, Elliot [0000-0003-3847-5346], Honomichl, Shawn [0000-0003-4373-1121], Zhang, Jun [0000-0003-2020-9322], Tilmes, Simone [0000-0002-6557-3569], Fernandez, Rafael P. [0000-0002-4114-5500], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], #NODATA#, Adcock, Karina E. [0000-0002-8224-5399], Laube, Johannes C. [0000-0001-9683-5931], von Hobe, Marc [0000-0001-6034-6562], Viciani, Silvia [0000-0003-2260-094X], D’Amato, Francesco [0000-0003-1349-6650], Ravegnani, Fabrizio [0000-0003-0735-9297], Smith, Warren P., Pan, Laura L., Kinnison, Douglas, Atlas, Elliot, Honomichl, Shawn, Zhang, Jun, Tilmes, Simone, Fernandez, Rafael P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Treadaway, Victoria, Adcock, Karina E., Laube, Johannes C., von Hobe, Marc, Kloss, Corinna, Viciani, Silvia, D’Amato, Francesco, Volk, C. Michael, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, National Center for Atmospheric Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Smith, Warren P. [0000-0002-8933-8993], Pan, Laura L. [000-0001-7377-2114], Kinnison, Douglas [0000-0002-3418-0834], Atlas, Elliot [0000-0003-3847-5346], Honomichl, Shawn [0000-0003-4373-1121], Zhang, Jun [0000-0003-2020-9322], Tilmes, Simone [0000-0002-6557-3569], Fernandez, Rafael P. [0000-0002-4114-5500], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], #NODATA#, Adcock, Karina E. [0000-0002-8224-5399], Laube, Johannes C. [0000-0001-9683-5931], von Hobe, Marc [0000-0001-6034-6562], Viciani, Silvia [0000-0003-2260-094X], D’Amato, Francesco [0000-0003-1349-6650], Ravegnani, Fabrizio [0000-0003-0735-9297], Smith, Warren P., Pan, Laura L., Kinnison, Douglas, Atlas, Elliot, Honomichl, Shawn, Zhang, Jun, Tilmes, Simone, Fernandez, Rafael P., Saiz-Lopez, A., Treadaway, Victoria, Adcock, Karina E., Laube, Johannes C., von Hobe, Marc, Kloss, Corinna, Viciani, Silvia, D’Amato, Francesco, Volk, C. Michael, and Ravegnani, Fabrizio

Abstract

Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) are essential tools for characterizing and predicting the role of atmospheric composition and chemistry in Earth's climate system. This study demonstrates the use of airborne in situ observations to diagnose the representation of chemical composition and transport by CCMs. Process-based diagnostics using dynamical and chemical coordinates are presented which minimize the spatial and temporal sampling differences between airborne in situ measurements and CCM grid points. The chosen process is the chemical impact of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), where deep convection serves as a rapid transport pathway for surface emissions to reach the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We examine two CCM configurations for their representation of the ASM UTLS using a set of airborne observations from south Asia. The diagnostics reveal good model performance at representing tropospheric tracer distribution throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and excellent representation of chemical aging in the lower stratosphere when chemical loss is dominated by photolysis. Identified model limitations include the use of zonally averaged mole fraction boundary conditions for species with sufficiently short tropospheric lifetimes, which may obscure enhanced regional emissions sources. Overall, the diagnostics underscore the skill of current-generation models at representing pollution transport from the boundary layer to the stratosphere via the ASM mechanism, and demonstrate the strength of airborne in situ observations toward characterizing this representation.

Published
2024

2. Disorder and dephasing as control knobs for light transport in optical fiber cavity networks

Author

Viciani, Silvia, Gherardini, Stefano, Lima, Manuela, Bellini, Marco, and Caruso, Filippo

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Transport phenomena represent a very interdisciplinary topic with applications in many fields of science, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. In this context, the possibility to design a perfectly controllable experimental setup, where to tune and optimize its dynamics parameters, is a challenging but very relevant task to emulate, for instance, the transmission of energy in light harvesting processes. Here, we experimentally build a scalable and controllable transport emulator based on optical fiber cavity networks where the system noise parameters can be finely tuned while maximizing the transfer efficiency. In particular, we demonstrate that disorder and dephasing noise are two control knobs allowing one to play with constructive and destructive interference to optimize the transport paths towards an exit site. These optical setups, on one side, mimic the transport dynamics in natural photosynthetic organisms and, on the other, are very promising platforms to artificially design optimal nanoscale structures for novel, more efficient, clean energy technologies., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2018
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3. East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very-short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere

Author

Pan, Laura L., primary, Atlas, Elliot L., additional, Honomichl, Shawn B., additional, Smith, Warren P., additional, Kinnison, Douglas E., additional, Solomon, Susan, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Laube, Johannes C., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Ueyama, Rei, additional, Bresch, James F., additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca S., additional, Apel, Eric C., additional, Hills, Alan J., additional, Treadaway, Victoria, additional, Smith, Katie, additional, Schauffler, Sue, additional, Donnelly, Stephen, additional, Hendershot, Roger, additional, Lueb, Richard, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D’Amato, Francesco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Barucci, Marco, additional, Podolske, James R., additional, Iraci, Laura T., additional, Gurganus, Colin, additional, Bui, Paul, additional, Dean-Day, Jonathan M., additional, Millán, Luis, additional, Ryoo, Ju-Mee, additional, Barletta, Barbara, additional, Koo, Ja-Ho, additional, Kim, Joowan, additional, Liang, Qing, additional, Randel, William J., additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, and Newman, Paul A., additional

Published
2024
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4. Observation of noise-assisted transport in an all-optical cavity-based network

Author

Viciani, Silvia, Lima, Manuela, Bellini, Marco, and Caruso, Filippo

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Recent theoretical and experimental efforts have shown the remarkable and counter-intuitive role of noise in enhancing the transport efficiency of complex systems. Here, we realize simple, scalable, and controllable optical fiber cavity networks that allow us to analyze the performance of transport networks for different conditions of interference, dephasing and disorder. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that the transport efficiency reaches a maximum when varying the external dephasing noise, i.e. a bell-like shape behavior that had been predicted only theoretically. These optical platforms are very promising simulators of quantum transport phenomena, and could be used, in particular, to design and test optimal topologies of artificial light-harvesting structures for future solar energy technologies., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, new version accepted in PRL

Published
2015
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5. Single-photon excitation of a coherent state: catching the elementary step of stimulated light emission

Author

Zavatta, Alessandro, Viciani, Silvia, and Bellini, Marco

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

When a single quantum of electromagnetic field excitation is added to the same spatio-temporal mode of a coherent state, a new field state is generated that exhibits intermediate properties between those of the two parents. Such a single-photon-added coherent state is obtained by the action of the photon creation operator on a coherent state and can thus be regarded as the result of the most elementary excitation process of a classical light field. Here we present and describe in depth the experimental realization of such states and their complete analysis by means of a novel ultrafast, time-domain, quantum homodyne tomography technique clearly revealing their non-classical character., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A

Published
2005
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6. Tomographic reconstruction of the single-photon Fock state by high-frequency homodyne detection

Author

Zavatta, Alessandro, Viciani, Silvia, and Bellini, Marco

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A single-photon Fock state has been generated by means of conditional preparation from a two-photon state emitted in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. A recently developed high-frequency homodyne tomography technique has been used to completely characterize the Fock state by means of a pulse-to-pulse analysis of the detectors' difference photocurrent. The density matrix elements of the generated state have been retrieved with a final detection efficiency of about 57%. A comparison has been performed between the phase-averaged tomographic reconstructions of the Wigner function as obtained from the measured density-matrix elements and from a direct Abel transform of the homodyne data. The ability of our system to work at the full repetition rate of the pulsed laser (82 MHz) substantially simplifies the detection scheme, allowing for more ``exotic'' quantum states to be generated and analyzed., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2004
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7. Recurrent fourth-order interference dips and peaks with a comb-like two-photon entangled state

Author

Zavatta, Alessandro, Viciani, Silvia, and Bellini, Marco

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate full selective control over the constructive or destructive character of fourth-order recurring interferences in a modified version of a HOM interferometer using comb-like two-photon states. The comb spectral/temporal structure is obtained by inserting an etalon cavity in the signal path of an entangled photon pair obtained by pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Both a simple qualitative discussion and a complete theoretical derivation are used to explain and analyze the experimental data., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Revised version, to appear in Physical Review A

Published
2003
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8. Evaluating the Model Representation of Asian Summer Monsoon UTLS Transport and Composition using Airborne In Situ Observations

Author

Smith, Warren P, primary, Pan, Laura L, additional, Kinnison, Douglas Edward, additional, Atlas, Elliot L., additional, Honomichl, Shawn, additional, Zhang, Jun, additional, Tilmes, Simone, additional, Fernandez, Rafael Pedro, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Treadaway, Victoria, additional, Adcock, Karina E, additional, Laube, Johannes C., additional, Hobe, M. von, additional, Kloss, Corinna, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Volk, C. Michael, additional, and Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional

Published
2023
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9. Evaluating the Model Representation of Asian Summer Monsoon Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Transport and Composition Using Airborne In Situ Observations.

Author

Smith, Warren P., Pan, Laura L., Kinnison, Douglas, Atlas, Elliot, Honomichl, Shawn, Zhang, Jun, Tilmes, Simone, Fernandez, Rafael P., Saiz‐Lopez, Alfonso, Treadaway, Victoria, Adcock, Karina E., Laube, Johannes C., von Hobe, Marc, Kloss, Corinna, Viciani, Silvia, D'Amato, Francesco, Volk, C. Michael, and Ravegnani, Fabrizio

Subjects
GEOCHEMISTRY, ATMOSPHERIC composition, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, STRATOSPHERE, CLIMATE change models, MONSOONS, TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
Abstract

Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) are essential tools for characterizing and predicting the role of atmospheric composition and chemistry in Earth's climate system. This study demonstrates the use of airborne in situ observations to diagnose the representation of chemical composition and transport by CCMs. Process‐based diagnostics using dynamical and chemical coordinates are presented which minimize the spatial and temporal sampling differences between airborne in situ measurements and CCM grid points. The chosen process is the chemical impact of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), where deep convection serves as a rapid transport pathway for surface emissions to reach the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We examine two CCM configurations for their representation of the ASM UTLS using a set of airborne observations from south Asia. The diagnostics reveal good model performance at representing tropospheric tracer distribution throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and excellent representation of chemical aging in the lower stratosphere when chemical loss is dominated by photolysis. Identified model limitations include the use of zonally averaged mole fraction boundary conditions for species with sufficiently short tropospheric lifetimes, which may obscure enhanced regional emissions sources. Overall, the diagnostics underscore the skill of current‐generation models at representing pollution transport from the boundary layer to the stratosphere via the ASM mechanism, and demonstrate the strength of airborne in situ observations toward characterizing this representation. Plain Language Summary: The chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere is important to understand for future climate prediction. This study establishes an approach for evaluating the representation of chemical composition in global climate models, and demonstrates the capabilities of the approach using a set of observations collected by research aircraft. We specifically target an evaluation of the Asian summer monsoon, a process with a well‐documented transport pathway for chemical species near the surface to reach the upper atmosphere. In doing so, we identify specific areas where focused model improvement is needed. Key Points: Process‐based diagnostics for model evaluation using airborne in situ observations are presentedThe Asian summer monsoon is explored for its role in impacting global composition and climateThe diagnostics use dynamical and chemical coordinates to identify model strengths and limitations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) for spectral characterization of the atmospheric emission

Author

Belotti, Claudio, primary, Barbara, Flavio, additional, Barucci, Marco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Pratesi, Filippo, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Trickl, Thomas, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional

Published
2023
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11. A long pathway of high water vapor from the Asian summer monsoon into the stratosphere

Author

Konopka, Paul, primary, Rolf, Christian, additional, von Hobe, Marc, additional, Khaykin, Sergey M., additional, Clouser, Benjamin, additional, Moyer, Elizabeth, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Spelten, Nicole, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Stroh, Fred, additional, and Ploeger, Felix, additional

Published
2023
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12. N2O Temporal Variability from the Middle Troposphere to the Middle Stratosphere Based on Airborne and Balloon-Borne Observations during the Period 1987–2018

Author

Krysztofiak, Gisèle, primary, Catoire, Valéry, additional, Dudok de Wit, Thierry, additional, Kinnison, Douglas E., additional, Ravishankara, A. R., additional, Brocchi, Vanessa, additional, Atlas, Elliot, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Commane, Róisín, additional, D’Amato, Francesco, additional, Daube, Bruce, additional, Diskin, Glenn S., additional, Engel, Andreas, additional, Friedl-Vallon, Felix, additional, Hintsa, Eric, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Hoor, Peter, additional, Jegou, Fabrice, additional, Jucks, Kenneth W., additional, Kleinböhl, Armin, additional, Küllmann, Harry, additional, Kort, Eric A., additional, McKain, Kathryn, additional, Moore, Fred L., additional, Obersteiner, Florian, additional, Ramos, Yenny Gonzalez, additional, Schuck, Tanja, additional, Toon, Geoffrey C., additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Wetzel, Gerald, additional, Williams, Jonathan, additional, and Wofsy, Steven C., additional

Published
2023
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13. The dehydration carousel of stratospheric water vapor in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone.

Author

Konopka, Paul, Rolf, Christian, von Hobe, Marc, Khaykin, Sergey M., Clouser, Benjamin, Moyer, Elisabeth, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, D'Amato, Francesco, Viciani, Silvia, Spelten, Nicole, Afchine, Armin, Krämer, Martina, Stroh, Fred, and Ploeger, Felix

Subjects
WATER vapor, ATMOSPHERIC water vapor measurement, WATER vapor transport, LAGRANGIAN points, MONSOONS, COLD (Temperature)
Abstract

During the StratoClim Geophysica campaign, air with total water mixing ratios up to 200 ppmv and ozone up to 250 ppbv was observed within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone up to 1.7 km above the local cold-point tropopause (CPT). To investigate the temporal evolution of enhanced water vapor being transported into the stratosphere, we conduct forward trajectory simulations using both a microphysical and an idealized freeze-drying model. The models are initialized at the measurement locations and the evolution of water vapor and ice is compared with satellite observations of MLS and CALIPSO. Our results show that these extremely high water vapor values observed above the CPT are very likely to undergo significant further freeze-drying due to experiencing extremely cold temperatures while circulating in the anticyclonic "dehydration carousel". We also use the Lagrangian dry point (LDP) of the merged back-and-forward trajectories to reconstruct the water vapor fields. The results show that the extremely high water vapor mixed with the stratospheric air has a negligible impact on the overall water vapor budget. The LDP mixing ratios are a better proxy for the large-scale water vapor distributions in the stratosphere during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Positive anomalies in Carbon Monoxide concentrations observed in the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere during the 2022 Asian summer monsoon season

Author

Viciani, Silvia, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Dang, Caroline, additional, Golstone, Levi, additional, Gurganus, Colin, additional, Iraci, Laura, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Okorn, Kristen, additional, Podolske, James, additional, and Yates, Emma, additional

Published
2023
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15. Inter-comparison of different sensors for in-situ airborne measurements of Carbon Monoxide during ACCLIP campaign

Author

D'Amato, Francesco, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, Dang, Caroline, additional, Golston, Levi, additional, Gurganus, Colin, additional, Iraci, Laura, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Okorn, Kristen, additional, Podolske, James, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, and Yates, Emma, additional

Published
2023
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17. Microphysical Modeling of Water Isotopic Composition in the Asian Summer Monsoon

Author

Clouser, Benjamin, primary, KleinStern, Carly, additional, Khaykin, Sergey, additional, Singer, Clare, additional, Sarkozy, Laszlo, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Lykov, Alexey, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, WIenhold, Frank, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Homeyer, Cameron, additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, and Moyer, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2023
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18. A long way of water vapor from the Asian Summer Monsoon into the stratosphere

Author

Konopka, Paul, primary, Rolf, Christian, additional, von Hobe, Marc, additional, Khaykin, Sergey M., additional, Clouser, Benjamin, additional, Moyer, Elizabeth, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Stroh, Fred, additional, and Ploeger, Felix, additional

Published
2023
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19. Distribution of organic halogen and hydrocarbon trace gases in the UTLS in the northwestern Pacific from samples collected by the Whole Air Samplers during the ACCLIP campaign

Author

Schauffler, Sue, primary, Atlas, Elliot, additional, Treadaway, Victoria, additional, Smith, Kate, additional, Hendershot, Roger, additional, Lueb, Rich, additional, Donnelly, Stephen, additional, Kinnison, Doug, additional, Campos, Teresa, additional, Franchin, Alessandro, additional, Pan, Laura, additional, Apel, Eric, additional, Hornbrook, Rebecca, additional, Hills, Alan, additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, Bui, Paul, additional, Diskin, Glenn, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, and Podolske, James, additional

Published
2023
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20. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System for spectral characterisation of the atmospheric emission

Author

Belotti, Claudio, primary, Barbara, Flavio, additional, Barucci, Marco, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Pratesi, Filippo, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Trickl, Thomas, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelman, Hannes, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional

Published
2022
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21. A long pathway of high water vapor from the Asian summer monsoon into the stratosphere

Author

Konopka, Paul, Rolf, Christian, von Hobe, Marc, Khaykin, Sergey M., Clouser, Benjamin, Moyer, Elizabeth, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, D'Amato, Francesco, Viciani, Silvia, Spelten, Nicole, Afchine, Armin, Krämer, Martina, Stroh, Fred, and Ploeger, Felix

Abstract

During the StratoClim Geophysica campaign, air with total water mixing ratios up to 200 ppmv and ozone up to 250 ppbv was observed within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone up to 1.7 km above the local cold point tropopause (CPT). To investigate the temporal evolution of enhanced water vapor being transported into the stratosphere, we conduct forward trajectory simulations using both a microphysical and an idealized freeze-drying model. The models are initialized at the measurement locations and the evolution of water vapor and ice is compared with satellite observations of MLS and CALIPSO. Our results show that these extremely high water vapor values observed above the CPT are very likely to undergo significant further freeze-drying due to experiencing extremely cold temperatures while circulating in the anticyclonic dehydration carousel. We also use the Lagrangian dry point (LDP) of the merged backward and forward trajectories to reconstruct the water vapor fields. The results show that the extremely high water vapor mixed in with the stratospheric air has a negligible impact on the overall water vapor budget. The LDPs are a better proxy for the large-scale water vapor distributions in the stratosphere during this period.

Published
2023
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24. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System for spectral characterisation of the atmospheric emission.

Author

Belotti, Claudio, Barbara, Flavio, Barucci, Marco, Bianchini, Giovanni, D’Amato, Francesco, Del Bianco, Samuele, Di Natale, Gianluca, Gai, Marco, Montori, Alessio, Pratesi, Filippo, Rettinger, Markus, Rolf, Christian, Sussmann, Ralf, Trickl, Thomas, Viciani, Silvia, Vogelmann, Hannes, and Palchetti, Luca

Subjects
WATER vapor, RADIATION measurements, RAMAN effect, UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992). Protocols, etc., 1997 December 11, RADIATION, WATER temperature
Abstract

The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer developed to support the Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) satellite mission by validating measurement methods and instrument design concepts, both in the laboratory and in field campaigns. FIRMOS is capable of measuring the downwelling spectral radiance emitted by the atmosphere in the spectral band from 100 to 1000 cm−1 (10–100 µm in wavelength), with a maximum spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1. We describe the instrument design and its characterisation and discuss the geophysical products obtained by inverting the atmospheric spectral radiance measured during a campaign from the high-altitude location of Mount Zugspitze in Germany, beside the Extended-range Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI), which is permanently installed at the site. Following the selection of clear-sky scenes, using a specific algorithm, the water vapour and temperature profiles were retrieved from the FIRMOS spectra by applying the Kyoto protocol and Informed Management of the Adaptation (KLIMA) code. The profiles were found in very good agreement with those provided by radiosondes and by the Raman lidar operating from the Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus station. In addition, the retrieval products were validated by comparing the retrieved Integrated Water Vapour values with those obtained from the E-AERI spectra. Finally, we found that the trends for the temperature, and the water vapour profiles over time were in good agreement with those provided by ERA5 reanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. In-Situ observation of New Particle Formation in the tropical tropopause layer of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone - Part 1: Summary of StratoClim results

Author

Weigel, Ralf, Mahnke, Christoph, Baumgartner, Manuel, Dragoneas, Antonis, Vogel, Bärbel, Ploeger, Felix, Viciani, Silvia, D'Amato, Francesco, Bucci, Silvia, Legras, Bernard, Luo, Beiping, Borrmann, Stephan, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and ANR-17-CE01-0015,TTL-Xing,La Couche de la Tropopause Tropicale pendant la mousson d'Asie: transport et composition(2017)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; During the monsoon season of the year 2017 the airborne StratoClim mission took place in Kathmandu, Nepal with eight mission flights of the M-55 Geophysica in the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere (UT/LS) of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) over northern India, Nepal and Bangladesh. More than hundred events of New Particle Formation (NPF) were observed. In

Published
2021

26. Comparison of mid-latitude single- and mixed-phase cloud optical depth from co-located infrared spectrometer and backscatter lidar measurements

Author

Di Natale, Gianluca, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Belotti, Claudio, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Palchetti, Luca, additional

Published
2021
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27. The Asian tropopause aerosol layer within the 2017 monsoon anticyclone: microphysical properties derived from aircraft-borne in situ measurements

Author

Mahnke, Christoph, primary, Weigel, Ralf, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Mitev, Valentin, additional, Matthey, Renaud, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Ploeger, Felix, additional, Deshler, Terry, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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28. In situ observation of new particle formation (NPF) in the tropical tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian monsoon anticyclone – Part 2: NPF inside ice clouds

Author

Weigel, Ralf, primary, Mahnke, Christoph, additional, Baumgartner, Manuel, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Spichtinger, Peter, additional, Spelten, Nicole, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Tost, Holger, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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29. Observations of the downwelling far-infrared atmospheric emission at the Zugspitze observatory

Author

Palchetti, Luca, primary, Barucci, Marco, additional, Belotti, Claudio, additional, Bianchini, Giovanni, additional, Cluzet, Bertrand, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Del Bianco, Samuele, additional, Di Natale, Gianluca, additional, Gai, Marco, additional, Khordakova, Dina, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Oetjen, Hilke, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Schuettemeyer, Dirk, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Vogelmann, Hannes, additional, and Wienhold, Frank Gunther, additional

Published
2021
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30. In situ observation of new particle formation (NPF) in the tropical tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian monsoon anticyclone – Part 1: Summary of StratoClim results

Author

Weigel, Ralf, primary, Mahnke, Christoph, additional, Baumgartner, Manuel, additional, Dragoneas, Antonis, additional, Vogel, Bärbel, additional, Ploeger, Felix, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Bucci, Silvia, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Luo, Beiping, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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31. In situ observation of new particle formation (NPF) in the tropical tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian monsoon anticyclone - Part 1: Summary of StratoClim results

Author

Weigel, Ralf, Mahnke, Christoph, Baumgartner, Manuel, Dragoneas, Antonis, Vogel, Bärbel, Ploeger, Felix, Viciani, Silvia, D'Amato, Francesco, Bucci, Silvia, Legras, Bernard, Luo, Beiping, and Borrmann, Stephan

Abstract

During the monsoon season of the year 2017 the airborne StratoClim mission took place in Kathmandu, Nepal, with eight mission flights of the M-55 Geophysica in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) of the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) over northern India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. More than 100 events of new particle formation (NPF) were observed. In total, more than 2 h of flight time was spent under NPF conditions as indicated by the abundant presence of nucleation-mode aerosols, i.e. with particle diameters d(p) smaller than 15 nm, which were detected in situ by means of condensation nuclei counting techniques. Mixing ratios of nucleation-mode particles (n(nm)) of up to similar to 50 000 mg(-1) were measured at heights of 15-16 km (theta approximate to 370 K). NPF was most frequently observed at similar to 12-16 km altitude (theta approximate to 355-380 K) and mainly below the tropopause. Resulting n(nm) remained elevated (similar to 300-2000 mg(-1)) up to altitudes of similar to 17.5 km (theta approximate to 400 K), while under NPF conditions the fraction (f) of sub-micrometre-sized non-volatile residues (d(p) > 10 nm) remained below 50 %. At similar to 12-14 km (theta approximate to 355-365 K) the minimum of f (< 15 %) was found, and underneath, the median f generally remains below 25 %. The persistence of particles at nucleation-mode sizes is limited to a few hours, mainly due to coagulation, as demonstrated by a numerical simulation. The frequency of NPF events observed during StratoClim 2017 underlines the importance of the AMA as a source region for UTLS aerosols and for the formation and maintenance of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). The observed abundance of NPF-produced nucleation-mode particles within the AMA is not unambiguously attributable to (a) specific source regions in the boundary layer (according to backward trajectory analyses), or (b) the direct supply with precursor material by convective updraught (from correlations of NPF with carbon monoxide), or (c) the recent release of NPF-capable material from the convective outflow (according to air mass transport times in the tropical tropopause layer, TTL). Temperature anomalies with Delta T of 2K (peak-to-peak amplitude), as observed at a horizontal wavelength of similar to 70-100 km during a level flight of several hours, match with NPF detections and represent an additional mechanism for local increases in supersaturation of the NPF precursors. Effective precursor supply and widely distributed temperature anomalies within the AMA can explain the higher frequency of intense NPF observed during StratoClim 2017 than all previous NPF detections with COPAS (COndensation PArticle counting System) at TTL levels over Brazil, northern Australia, or West Africa. ISSN:1680-7375 ISSN:1680-7367

Published
2021

32. Evolution of tracer and ice crystal distribution in the young plumes of overshooting turrets from the StratoClim golden flight

Author

Khaykin, Sergey, Krämer, Martina, Lykov, Alexey, Mitev, Valentin, Matthey, Renaud, Rolf, Christian, Singer, Clare, Ulanovsky, Alexey, Viciani, Silvia, Volk, Michael, Yushkov, Vladimir, Stroh, Fred, Moyer, Elizabeth, Bucci, Silvia, Afchine, Armin, Borrmann, Stephan, Cairo, Francesco, Clouser, Benjamin, D’Amato, Francesco, and Legras, Bernard

Abstract

Deployment of the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft in Kathmandu during Summer 2017 within StratoClim campaign has yielded a wealth of unique high-resolution measurements in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA). In a particular flight (F8, 10 August 2017) the aircraft flew at the cold-point tropopause level through active overshoots and their outflows minutes to hours old. The measurements reveal up to 2500 ppmv of ice water above 17 km in large aggregated ice crystals up to 700 µm in diameter. Smaller crystals were observed as high as 18.8 km (410 K). Tracer and thermodynamical measurements show manifestations of vigorous vertical motions and provide evidence for ongoing mixing of tropospheric and stratospheric air around the tropopause. We use an ensemble of airborne and satellite measurements inside and downwind of convective overshoots together with trajectory modeling to characterize the impact of overshooting convection on the thermodynamical structure and chemical composition of the Asian tropopause layer. The effect of cross-tropopause convective transport on the Asian lower stratospheric water vapour is discussed.

Published
2021
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33. Evolution of tracer and ice crystal distribution in the young plumes of overshooting turrets from the StratoClim golden flight 

Author

Khaykin, Sergey, primary, Krämer, Martina, additional, Moyer, Elizabeth, additional, Bucci, Silvia, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Borrmann, Stephan, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, Clouser, Benjamin, additional, D’Amato, Francesco, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Lykov, Alexey, additional, Mitev, Valentin, additional, Matthey, Renaud, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Singer, Clare, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Volk, Michael, additional, Yushkov, Vladimir, additional, and Stroh, Fred, additional

Published
2021
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34. In-situ measurements of the HDO/H2O Isotopic ratio in the Asian Summer Monsoon trace strong convective activity

Author

Clouser, Benjamin, primary, Singer, Clare, additional, Khaykin, Sergey, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Lykov, Alexey, additional, Bucci, Sylvia, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Borrmann, Stephan, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, Mitev, Valentin, additional, Matthey, Renaud, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Volk, C Michael, additional, Yushkov, Vladimir, additional, Stroh, Fred, additional, and Moyer, Elisabeth, additional

Published
2021
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35. The ATAL within the 2017 Asian Monsoon Anticyclone: Microphysical aerosol properties derived from aircraft-borne in situ measurements

Author

Mahnke, Christoph, primary, Weigel, Ralf, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Mitev, Valentin, additional, Matthey, Renaud, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Ploeger, Felix, additional, Deshler, Terry, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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36. New particle formation inside ice clouds: In-situ observations in the tropical tropopause layer of the 2017 Asian Monsoon Anticyclone

Author

Weigel, Ralf, primary, Mahnke, Christoph, additional, Baumgartner, Manuel, additional, Krämer, Martina, additional, Spichtinger, Peter, additional, Spelten, Nicole, additional, Afchine, Armin, additional, Rolf, Christian, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Tost, Holger, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2021
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39. In-Situ observation of New Particle Formation in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone

Author

Weigel, Ralf, primary, Mahnke, Christoph, additional, Baumgartner, Manuel, additional, Dragoneas, Antonis, additional, Vogel, Bärbel, additional, Ploeger, Felix, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Bucci, Silvia, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Luo, Beiping, additional, and Borrmann, Stephan, additional

Published
2020
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41. Deep-convective influence on the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere composition in the Asian monsoon anticyclone region: 2017 StratoClim campaign results

Author

Bucci, Silvia, primary, Legras, Bernard, additional, Sellitto, Pasquale, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Chiarugi, Antonio, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, and Stroh, Fred, additional

Published
2020
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42. Deep convective influence on the UTLS composition in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone region: 2017 StratoClim campaign results

Author

Bucci, Silvia, primary, Legras, Bernard, additional, Sellitto, Pasquale, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Chiarugi, Alessio, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, and Stroh, Fred, additional

Published
2020
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46. Supplementary material to "Deep convective influence on the UTLS composition in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone region: 2017 StratoClim campaign results"

Author

Bucci, Silvia, primary, Legras, Bernard, additional, Sellitto, Pasquale, additional, D'Amato, Francesco, additional, Viciani, Silvia, additional, Montori, Alessio, additional, Chiarugi, Antonio, additional, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, additional, Ulanovsky, Alexey, additional, Cairo, Francesco, additional, and Stroh, Fred, additional

Published
2020
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48. Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO2 and HF in volcanic plumes

Author

Chiarugi, Antonio, Viciani, Silvia, D'Amato, Francesco, and Burton, Mike

Subjects
diode laser, Atmospheric Science, hydrogen fluoride, carbon dioxide, volcanic emissions
Abstract

A portable analyser is described for simultaneous detection of CO2 and HF emitted by volcanoes and fumaroles. The system is based on two fibre-coupled distributed feedback lasers and only one multipass cell, and provides the absolute concentration values of the two gases, without requiring a calibration procedure, at a maximum rate of 4Hz. The spectrometer can operate both in a closed-cell configuration and in an open-cell set-up, with the latter mitigating problems associated with chemisorption of the HF molecule. The concept, practical realization and laboratory performance of the device are presented, together with results from a first test campaign measuring volcanic gases emitted from the crater of Vulcano, Italy. We obtained an in-field sensitivity of 320ppb for CO2 and 20ppb for HF at 2's integration time.

Published
2018

49. Convective sources of air parcels in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone during the Stratoclim campaign

Author

Bucci, Silvia, Legras, Bernard, Sellitto, Pasquale, D'Amato, Francesco, Viciani, Silvia, Montori, Alessio, Chiarugi, Antonio, Ravegnani, Fabrizio, Ulanovsky, Alex, and Cairo, Franceso

Subjects
asian monsoon
Abstract

We have analysed the convective origin of air parcels sampled by the Geophysica and balloon flights during the summer 2017 StratoClim campaign from Nepal using diffusive back-trajectories and high-resolution charts of top cloud altitudes from MSG1 and Himawari geostationary satellites. The back-trajectories have been calculated using winds and diabatic radiative heating rates from ECMWF (operational model, ERA-Interim and ERA5) at 3h and 1h resolution, using both kinematic and diabatic motion. We diagnose at for each second of the flight the distribution of convective sources that mix in the sample air parcel. Most of the 8 flights occurred inside the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone. We find a large variety of conditions during the 8 flights of the campaign with a large prevalence of continental sources in China and India and a small contribution fro maritime region, especially the Bay of Bengal, that did not provide air masses penetrating the anticyclone. Recent convective air, which age can be of few days or less, is associated with peaks of CO (measured by COLD) and other anthropic tracers. More often air masses age can be larger, of about 10 to 20 days, due to the recirculation of air that loops within the anticyclone. As a consequence, there are a several instances where, according to the back-trajectories, air masses from the same sources have been sampled two times by flights a few days apart, offering the way to study their evolution. The trajectories detect a number of thin filamentary structures that often corresponds to spikes in tracers. The transition is usually sharp between tropospheric air and stratospheric air although at least on one occasion a deep mixing layer of several kilometres has been detected by trajectories and observations. The comparison among trajectories, calculated with operational, ERA-Interim and ERA5 data, shows a consistent pattern with some significant redistribution among the sources. The diabatic trajectories tend to show a more diffuse distribution of sources than the kinematic velocities that concentrate sources on a limited number of high penetrating convective events. We discuss in details these differences and use the observed data of the campaign to assess the quality of the trajectory calculations.

Published
2018

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