Search

Abstract Faba bean is an important legume crop. The genetic diversity among faba bean genotypes is very important for the genetic improvement of target traits. A set of 128 fab bean genotypes that are originally from Egypt were used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The 128 genotypes were genotyped using the Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) by which a set of 6759 SNP markers were generated after filtration. The SNP markers were distributed on all chromosomes with a range extending from 822 (Chr. 6) to 1872 (Chr.1). The SNP markers had wide ranges of polymorphic information content (PIC), gene diversity (GD), and minor allele frequency. The analysis of population structure divided the Egyptian faba bean population into five subpopulations. Considerable genetic distance was found among all genotypes, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The highly divergent genotype was highlighted in this study and the genetic distance among genotypes ranged from 0.1 and 0.6. Moreover, the structure of linkage disequilibrium was studied, and the analysis revealed a low level of LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. A slow LD decay at the genomic and chromosomal levels was observed. Interestingly, the distribution of haplotype blocks was presented in each chromosome and the number of haplotype block ranged from 65 (Chr. 4) to 156 (Chr. 1). Migration and genetic drift are the main reasons for the low LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. The results of this study shed light on the possibility of the genetic improvement of faba bean crop in Egypt and conducting genetic association analyses to identify candidate genes associated with target traits (e.g. protein content, grain yield, etc.) in this panel.

Abstract Background Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Results Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), which were applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. The SNPs were characterized and found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 10.98 ± 2.91 nm. The results showed that salt stress had detrimental effects on the growth and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) of faba bean compared with control, while foliar spraying with SNPs improved these parameters under salinity stress. SNPs application also increased the levels of osmolytes (soluble sugars, amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine) and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and H2O2). Moreover, SNPs treatment under salinity stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes: chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL), cell wall invertase I (CWINV1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), with the greatest upregulation observed at 50 mg/l SNPs. Conclusion Overall, foliar application of sulfur nanofertilizers in agriculture could improve productivity while minimizing the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, this study provides a strong foundation for future research focused on evaluating the replacement of conventional sulfur-containing fertilizers with their nanoforms to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress and enhance the productivity of faba beans.

Faba bean is an important legume crop. The genetic diversity among faba bean genotypes is very important for the genetic improvement of target traits. A set of 128 fab bean genotypes that are originally from Egypt were used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The 128 genotypes were genotyped using the Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET) by which a set of 6759 SNP markers were generated after filtration. The SNP markers were distributed on all chromosomes with a range extending from 822 (Chr. 6) to 1872 (Chr.1). The SNP markers had wide ranges of polymorphic information content (PIC), gene diversity (GD), and minor allele frequency. The analysis of population structure divided the Egyptian faba bean population into five subpopulations. Considerable genetic distance was found among all genotypes, ranging from 0.1 to 0.4. The highly divergent genotype was highlighted in this study and the genetic distance among genotypes ranged from 0.1 and 0.6. Moreover, the structure of linkage disequilibrium was studied, and the analysis revealed a low level of LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. A slow LD decay at the genomic and chromosomal levels was observed. Interestingly, the distribution of haplotype blocks was presented in each chromosome and the number of haplotype block ranged from 65 (Chr. 4) to 156 (Chr. 1). Migration and genetic drift are the main reasons for the low LD in the Egyptian faba bean population. The results of this study shed light on the possibility of the genetic improvement of faba bean crop in Egypt and conducting genetic association analyses to identify candidate genes associated with target traits (e.g. protein content, grain yield, etc.) in this panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salinity is a major abiotic stress, and the use of saline water in the agricultural sector will incur greater demand under the current and future climate changing scenarios. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-functional nanofertilizer capable of releasing a micronutrient that nourishes plant growth while enhancing salt stress resilience in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Results: Moringa oleifera leaf extract was used to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), which were applied as a foliar spray at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l) to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress (150 mM NaCl) on faba bean plants. The SNPs were characterized and found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 10.98 ± 2.91 nm. The results showed that salt stress had detrimental effects on the growth and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) of faba bean compared with control, while foliar spraying with SNPs improved these parameters under salinity stress. SNPs application also increased the levels of osmolytes (soluble sugars, amino acids, proline, and glycine betaine) and nonenzymatic antioxidants, while reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and H2O2). Moreover, SNPs treatment under salinity stress stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes: chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1-like (Lhcb1), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain-like (RbcL), cell wall invertase I (CWINV1), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ethylene-responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), with the greatest upregulation observed at 50 mg/l SNPs. Conclusion: Overall, foliar application of sulfur nanofertilizers in agriculture could improve productivity while minimizing the deleterious effects of salt stress on plants. Therefore, this study provides a strong foundation for future research focused on evaluating the replacement of conventional sulfur-containing fertilizers with their nanoforms to reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress and enhance the productivity of faba beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Moroccan olive oil industries generate a substantial amount of olive mill wastewater (OMW), causing a significant environmental issue. Consequently, its valorization represents a sustainable agroecological solution to the environmental problems caused by this uncontrolled discharge. In this context, the use of OMW as an organic biofertilizer in agriculture has been suggested as an alternative to restore soil fertility and improve agricultural production. To comprehensively understand its impact, our study focused on the local cultivar (Vicia faba L.), investigating the consequences of daily applications of OMW at varying doses (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%). In our experimental design, NaCl solutions, mimicking the electrical conductivity of OMW, were used to pinpoint potential phytotoxic agents within the wastewater. The results revealed that a high dose of OMW had significant effects on morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters. Additionally, phytotoxicity depended on both OMW concentration and the growth stage of (Vicia faba L.), causing growth delays, germination inhibition, and the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. These findings underscore the complexity of using OMW in agriculture and highlight the critical importance of precise control over application rates for the success of this approach. While reusing OMW presents a viable and practical solution, a nuanced understanding of its impact on specific crops and a meticulous approach to dosage management are imperative to realize its potential benefits and mitigate any potential risks to crop productivity.

Considering the interest in the consumption of faba bean and study of antioxidants in natural food resources, methanol extracts of fourteen Vicia faba cultivars harvested from a two-year field experiment were studied for their phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidines, and antioxidant activities by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical decolorization assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and total reducing power (TRP). The results indicate significant differences among the populations in their content of polyphenols and proanthocyanidine, resulting in variations in antioxidant activity of seed extracts. The storage of V. faba mature seeds under uncontrolled, but identical conditions decreased the total phenol content and antioxidant properties. The total phenols were from 10.12 ± 0.19 to 18.53 ± 0.14 mg GAE g−1 DE (2021 year) and 19.52 ± 0.16 to 26.94 ± 0.34 mg GAE g−1 DE (2022 year). In the 2022 growing season, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity had higher values for all populations from 4.83 ± 0.002 to 6.17 ± 0.003 g mg TE g−1 DE. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis obtained from antioxidative profiles grouped the samples into two major clusters. The first cluster consists of extracts of V. faba cultivars from the 2021 growing season, while the V. faba cultivars from the 2022 growing season are in second cluster. Tested cultivars can be used as a readily available source of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is widely present in pesticides and fertilizers, which represent a major problem in crop production. Biochar is recognized for its ability to modify Cd availability and reduce plant phytotoxicity. In this work, a controlled lab-experiment was done in order to assess the effect of biochar on Cd uptake, growth and oxidative stress of Vicia faba L plants. For that, in addition to the control (CK), soils were exposed to both concentrations of Cd (Cd1: 0.35 mg kg−1 and Cd2: 0.7 mg kg−1). Then, bean seeds were cultivated in presence or absence of biochar (2%) for 60 days. Cd uptake was assessed in both shoots and roots. Growth and physiological parameters (length, fresh matter (FM), dry matter (DM), Chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and Chl b) were determined after harvesting. Oxidative stress, apprehended by Peroxidase (PRX) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities and Malondialdehydes (MDA) accumulation, was evaluated. Then, biochar reduced Cd uptake in roots and shoots. Also, under biochar effect growth and physiological parameters were enhanced. Oxidative stress was reduced regarding PRX and GST activities and MDA accumulation. Our results suggest the efficiency of biochar to reduce Cd uptake and plant phytotoxicity of Vicia faba L in Cd polluted soils, therefore its application in soil remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilling (Ch) and salinity (S) are challenging stresses affecting plant physiology, growth, and productivity. The current study investigated the effects of these two stresses, singly and in combination, on photosynthetic performance and ultrastructure of chloroplast of faba beans (Vicia faba L. Cv. Aspani). Plants were exposed to 3 °C and 120 mM NaCl for 16 h in an optimized soil mixture (sand:clay 2:1) under optimized conditions. Results showed that both Ch and S significantly reduced photosynthetic rates, Fv/Fm, chlorophyll content, stomatal index, and stomatal conductance. Chilling caused changes in chloroplast ultrastructure (swelling, ruptured envelopes, and shrunk lamellae), while salinity caused more deformation of the thylakoid membrane and disorganization of the grana structure. However, there was an antagonistic effect between Ch x S. The tolerance of plant to 120 mM NaCl, in the present study, was improved by exposure to Ch which rather allowed the maintenance of chloroplast ultrastructure and morphology of stomata. Moreover, using SEM and TEM gave an effective insight of the ultrastructural damage in plant cells under stress and helps to consider the underlying mechanisms of stress effects. Our results suggest that Ch mitigates the noxious effect of S on the photosynthetic performance of Vicia faba plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broad bean cultivation is considered a productive strategy and a component of food sovereignty in Southern Colombia. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to evaluate twelve promising genotypes and two commercial controls, to expand the improved varieties supply of this legume in the future. For this, an experimental assay was established with 14 treatments and four repetitions. Where, 13 agronomic traits and the reaction to the pathogen Botrytis fabae were estimated. The information was analyzed by a simple ANOVA test. Also, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was developed with the traits with the highest coefficient of variation. Results showed genetic diversity, with promising genotypes in relation to the controls. The number of stems, flowering days, pod formation days, pods per plant, weight of one hundred seeds, and yield allowed three groups to be identified by PCA. The first one was made up of two controls, the second group characterized by higher yields, and a third group represented by an intermediate yield added to an earliness condition. These results allow the recognition of candidate genotypes to be included into breeding programs and contribute to the crop protection.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common hereditary enzyme defect in humans, caused by a mutation in the X-linked gene encoding G6PD. The G6PD enzyme plays an important role to produced reducing agents which maintain reduced glutathione through pentose phosphate pathway. On ingestion of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.), vicine and convicine are hydrolyzed by β -glucosidase to divicine and isouramil which can cause acute hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency. This study aims to determine the molecular mechanism of bioactive compounds from fava beans as an inhibitor of the human G6PD Canton enzyme activity through an in silico approach. Screening for toxic bioactive compounds of V. faba was carried out using Swiss ADME. Molecular docking was performed to identify the interaction of divicine and isouramil binding with human G6PD Canton. Dobutamine hydrochloride was used as a negative control ligand. The result of Swiss ADME screening showed that convicine and vicine were not qualified for the Lipinski rules of five. Docking analysis demonstrated similar binding interaction of divicine and isouramil compared with control ligand to bound G6PD canton allosteric sites and shift the binding position of NADP+, suggesting these compounds interrupt the NADP+ to produce NADPH. The binding affinity of divicine (-7.0 kcal/mol) was lower than dobutamine hydrochloride (-6.9 kcal/mol), while isouramil was higher (-6.5 kcal/mol). Accordingly, this study was pointed out that divicine and isouramil have the potential as inhibitor of G6PD enzyme activity. Further, in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to confirm this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that Cr uses other element transporters such as phosphate transporters to enter cells. The aim of this work is to explore the interaction between dichromate and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the plant of Vicia faba L. To study this interaction, we used three concentrations of Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4) 10 mM (Pi10), 50 mM (Pi50) and 100 mM (Pi100) added alone or in combination with potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7) Cr + Pi10, Cr + Pi50 and Cr + Pi100. In order to investigate the impact of this interaction on morpho-physiological parameters, the biomass, chlorophyll content, proline level, H 2 O 2 level, Catalase and Ascorbate peroxidase activity and Cr-bioaccumulation has been determined. For the molecular scale, the theoretical chemistry was used via molecular docking to explore the various interactions between dichromate Cr 2 O 7 2−/HPO 4 2−/H 2 O 4 P− and the phosphate-transporter. We have selected the eukaryotic phosphate transporter (PDB: 7SP5) as the module. The results showed that K 2 Cr 2 O 7 negatively affects morpho-physiological parameters and generates oxidative damage (+84% H 2 O 2 than the control), which involved the production of antioxidant enzymes (+147% Catalase and +176% Ascorbate-peroxidase) and Proline (+108%). The addition of Pi improved the growth of Vicia faba L. and induces the partial restoration of the parameters affected by Cr (VI) to the normal levels. Also, it decreased oxidative damage and reduce Cr (VI) bioaccumulation in shoots and roots. Molecular docking has shown that the dichromate structure is more compatible and establishes more bonds with the Pi-transporter which generates a very stable complex compared to HPO 4 2−/H 2 O 4 P−. Overall, these results confirmed that there is a strong relationship between dichromate uptake and the Pi-transporter. • Competition between dichromate and Pi for the use of Pi carrier. • Dichromate is more compatible with the Pi transporter than Pi. • Dichromate crosses the Pi transporter with high selectivity. • Dichromate can inhibit the Pi transporter even at very low concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Faba bean (Vicia faba L) is one of the most important legumes in the world. However, there is relatively little genomic information available for this species owing to its large genome. The lack of data impedes the discovery of molecular markers and subsequent genetic research in faba bean. The objective of this study was to analyze the faba bean transcriptome, and to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to determine the genetic diversity of 226 faba bean varieties derived from different regions in China. Methods. Faba bean varieties with different phenotype were used in transcriptome analysis. The functions of the unigenes were analyzed using various database. SSR markers were developed and the polymorphic markers were selected to conduct genetic diversity analysis. Results. A total of 92.43 Gb of sequencing data was obtained in this study, and 133,487 unigene sequences with a total length of 178,152,541 bp were assembled. A total of 5,200 SSR markers were developed on the basis of RNA-Seq analysis. Then, 200 SSR markers were used to evaluate polymorphisms. In total, 103 (51.5%) SSR markers showed significant and repeatable bands between different faba bean varieties. Clustering analysis revealed that 226 faba bean materials were divided into five groups. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the relationship between different faba beans in China was related, especially in the same region. These results provided a valuable data resource for annotating genes to different categories and developing SSR markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feeding a growing human population with limited arable land requires greater crop yield that is, in turn, driven by improved agronomy, better varieties, and their synergy. Here we focus on faba bean, Vicia faba L., an under-researched grain legume for which on-farm yield in Australia has increased at 0.8 % y−1 since 1990. We aimed to quantify genetic gain in seed yield of Australian faba bean varieties released since 1980, and to identify associated shifts in physiological and agronomic traits. We combined three studies: the complete historical collection of Australian faba bean varieties was grown in 1) a vintage experiment of three field trials; and 2) a pot experiment inoculated with old and new strains of Ascochyta fabae. Since most varieties were grown in a national network of trials, we 3) estimated genetic gain in seed yield and individual seed weight in 129 environments. In the vintage experiment, genetic gain in seed yield varied from 0.4 % y−1 to almost zero; low rates of genetic gain were also apparent in the national network of trials. Biomass, harvest index, and crop growth rate in the critical period had low rates of genetic change, and there were strong trade-offs between yield components and in their responses to selection. Breeding increased seed size at 0.5 % y−1. Visual lodging scores decreased at 4.9 % y−1. There was breakdown in resistance to Ascochyta blight, but it was restored in new varieties. Australian faba bean breeding contributed to on-farm yield and profitability through improved agronomic traits and seed quality. Low genetic gain in yield can be partially attributed to physiological trade-offs between traits, economic trade-offs between multiple breeding targets, and genotype-by-environment interaction. Under-researched crops require greater investment to match the genetic gain in yield of major crops. • We assessed genetic change in Australian faba bean varieties released since 1980. • There was no improvement in growth, allocation or seed yield. • Seed quality and lodging resistance improved substantially. • Breeding restored resistance to Ascochyta blight after pathogen evolution. • Breeding and physiological trade-offs need to be addressed to increase seed yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields designated for the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala for the spring season 2019-2020 in a soil with a silty loam to study the effect of Boron spraying on growth and yield of bean. The experiment included studying two factors. First factor included boron concentration (0, 100 and 200) mg L-1. Second factor using three cultivars of bean (local, Dutch and Spanish). The experiment was designed as RCBD. The result showed the concentrations of boron was significantly increased in Average weight rate 50 seed (g), Average pods weight (g plant-1), Average yield seeds(g.plant-1) and the average yield biological (g.plant-1). Also affected varieties beans significant effect on the chlorophyll content (%) in leaves, Average weight rate 50 seed (g), Average pods weight (g.plant-1). As shown the interaction between the concentrations of boron and varieties beans was significantly increased Chlorophyll content (%) in leaves, Average weight rate 50 seed (g), Average pods weight (g.plant-1), Average yield seeds (g.plant-1) and the average yield biological (g.plant-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was focused on evaluating the effect of AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) inoculation on nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop, under different fertilization levels on organic or conventional cropping systems. The 2-year field experiment was conducted in central Greece and laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications, two main plots (AMF inoculation treatments) and five sub-plots (fertilization treatments). The results demonstrated that plants of AMF inoculated plots exhibited greater plant height, leaf area index (LAI), leading to higher biomass, and consequently higher final seed yields. Regarding the quality parameters, including nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake and their utilization indices, similar results to those of the productivity results were found with the AMF inoculated plants presented the higher values. Finally, all the parameters of the root system, including AMF root colonization and weighted mycorrhizal dependency (WMD), were negatively affected by fertilization level, particularly in an inorganic form. As a conclusion, the current study confirmed that replacement of inorganic inputs by organic in combination with AMF inoculation, should be seriously considered as a sustainable practice of faba bean crop cultivation under Mediterranean conditions.

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Landmine contamination is a vital contributor to long-lasting destructive effects on terrestrial ecosystem. Libya has experienced severe landmine impacts involving soil contamination with hazardous heavy metals. This study was conducted in Benghazi, Libya, to examine the phytotoxicity of soil contaminated with residues of a recent exploded mine, on seed germination and seedling growth of field beans (Vicia faba L.). Results revealed that soil contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) showed a gradual decreasing trend from the explosion site with higher concentrations recorded near the site centre, and lower concentrations at a greater distance (6 m). At 50 cm, 1, 2, 4, and 6 m, respectively from the explosion site, mean Pb concentration was 1240, 960, 510, 180, and 28.5 mg/kg, whereas, mean Cd concentration was 44, 38, 21, 8.4, and 0.8 mg/kg and mean Hg concentration was 52, 38, 28.5, 16.2, and 0.51 mg/kg. A strong inverse correlation was obtained between seed germinationand soil content of heavy metals. Seeds sown at the closest distance to the explosion site failed to germinate, whereas, germination percentage for seeds sown at 1, 2, 4, and 6 m from the explosion site was 15%, 15%, 30%, and 60%, respectively, relative to 95% for control seeds. Above-ground vegetation variables of the surviving seedlings, Leaf number plant−1 and plant height, were negatively correlated with soil contamination level. Findings of this study demonstrated the severity of damage caused by landmine contamination to the site soil . Furthermore, the intolerance shown by V. faba to stress associated with the explosive-contaminated soil revealed that the soil was highly polluted and unsuitable for cultivating crop plants.

Abstract. Copper plays an important role in multiple plant physiological processes including photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Excess copper in tissues leads to physiological and biochemical disturbances. In order to determine the physiological response of Vicia faba L. to copper toxicity, two varieties (Sidi Aïch and Super Aguadulce) were grown in a substrate of sand and compost (3V/V) and contaminated by different doses of Cu (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mg kg-1). Dose rates ≥160 mg kg-1 led to the accumulation of copper in roots and shoots, in turn leading to decreases in photosynthetic activity and protein content and to the accumulation of proline, a stress indicator, and soluble sugars.

Chocolate spot (Botrytis spp.) is one of the most important foliar diseases limiting the yield and seed quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure of the pathogen is key to developing appropriate breeding strategies for disease management. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 75 Botrytis spp. isolates collected from seven major faba bean growing regions in Morocco. Genetic diversity was assessed using 30 Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) primer combinations. Eight primer-combinations generated 118 polymorphic alleles and had discriminated between different isolates with an average PIC value of 0.28. The Moroccan Botrytis spp. populations presented a high genetic diversity that was more distributed within populations (99%) than among populations. Population structure analysis revealed that the genetic diversity was not linked to geographic locations, indicating limited geographic delimitation and significant gene flow. The data will be useful to improve the faba bean breeding program to develop effective resistant cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first study carried out on the genetic variability of Botrytis spp. Isolates from faba bean In Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was conducted in years 2016–2018 in crop-rotation: faba bean-winter wheat-winter wheat. After seedling emergency (2016) mineral fertilizer (15NH4)2SO4 having 20.1 at% 15N (dose of 30 kg N ha−1) was applied. The faba bean biomass contained 194.1 kg ha−1of nitrogen (140.0 kg of N in seeds and 54.1 kg in crop residue). This amount included 58.7 kg N ha−1 in seeds and 21.2 kg of N in crop residuesthat were fixed from the air. Crop residue were ploughed into soil. Plots with winter wheat cultivated after faba bean (2017) were divided on two sub-plots 0 and 100 kg N ha−1. Overall, winter wheat cultivated for two subsequent years took up from total nitrogen of crop residue 16.1 kg ha−1 of N in control and 29.8 kg ha−1 in fertilized plots, but from biologically fixed nitrogen 6.29 and 11.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Applied fertilizer contained 5.920 kg 15N ha−1 from which 1.577 kg 15N ha−1 was cumulated in faba bean seeds, 0.662 kg 15N ha−1 in crop residue (sum 2.239 kg 15N ha−1), 0.195 kg 15N ha−1 and in winter wheat harvested (2017) and 0.084 kg 15N ha−1 in winter wheat harvested (2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preprocessing boosted the extrusion effect on enhancing protein hydrolysis of faba beans. • Soaking and dehulling combined with extrusion promoted the formation of digestion-resistant peptides. • Preprocessing and extrusion favored peptides and amino acids release in the intestine. • Preprocessing increased the antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities of extruded flours. • VIPAGYPVAIK and GLTETWNPNHPEL peptides presented the highest potential bioactivity. This research assessed how three preprocessing techniques [soaking (S), soaking and reconstitution (SR), and soaking and dehulling (SD)] impact the protein digestibility and bioactivity of faba bean flours when combined with thermoplastic extrusion. Samples were compared against a control (C) of extruded faba bean flour without preprocessing. Applying preprocessing techniques followed by extrusion diminished antinutrient levels while enhancing protein hydrolysis and in vitro bioactivity in higher extent compared to C. Specifically, SD combined with extrusion was the most effective, achieving an 80% rate of protein hydrolysis and uniquely promoting the release of gastric digestion-resistant proteins (50-70 kDa). It also resulted in the highest release of small peptides (<3kDa, 22.51%) and free amino acids (15.50%) during intestinal digestion. Moreover, while all preprocessing techniques increased antioxidant (ABTS radical-scavenging), antidiabetic, and anti-hypertensive activities, SD extruded flour displayed the highest levels of dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition (DPP-IVi, IC 50 =13.20 µg/mL), pancreatic α-amylase inhibition (IC 50 =8.59 mg/mL), and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi, IC 50 =1.71 mg protein/mL). As a result, it was selected for further peptide and in silico bioactive analysis. A total of 24 bioactive peptides were identified in intestinal digests from SD extruded flour, all with potential DPP-IVi and ACEi activities, and six were also predicted as antioxidant peptides. VIPAGYPVAIK and GLTETWNPNHPEL were highlighted as resistant bioactive peptides with the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. Our findings demonstrated that combining preprocessing (particularly SD) and thermoplastic extrusion enhances protein digestibility in faba beans and promotes the release of beneficial bioactive peptides in the intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out in the field of vegetables Department of Horticulture and Land scap Design / Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul / Iraq during the growth season 2017-2018 to study effect of two factors: the first three varieties of the broad been (Local, Turkish and French), the second three factors of the fertilizer is chemical fertilizer, and organic fertilizer with Atalopolina (400 kg. ha-1) and a mixture of organic and chemical fertilizers (1/2 chemical fertilizer + 200 kg. ha-1 of Atalopolina fertilizer) and control treatment (without fertilization). Implemented in the field using Split Plot Design within RCBD with three replication. The treatment of varieties was laid in the main plots and the fertilizers in the sub plots. The most important results can be summarized as follows: There was a significant difference between varieties, where the local variety significantly increased the plant height, Local and French varieties increased leaf area per plant and total yield of pods, the Turkish variety were significantly increased the seed weight per pod. As well as the chemical and organic fertilizers significantly increased number of branches per plant, biological yield, seeds weight per pod and total yield of pods, but chemical fertilizer significantly increased leaf area per plant, pod length and total yield of pods, chemical and control treatments increased average of pod weight. The results of interaction between factors showed that the local variety with chemical treatment significantly increased plant height, leaf area per plant, biological yield, yield of green seeds 5.91 t. ha-1 and total yield of pods 10.79 t. ha-1, but interaction between Turkish variety and control treatment significantly increased number of branches per plant and average of pod weight, the French variety with mixed the fertilizers increased dry matter of vegetative growth, and Turkish variety with mixed fertilizers increased number of pods per plant and seeds weight per pod, the French variety with chemical fertilizer increased pod length.

The study was conducted during the 2017-2018 growing season to evaluate the responses of genotypic of (Vica faba L.) to the potassium sulfate fertilizer, Spanish (LueDeotono) and Turkish (Yildiz) with five levels from potassium were (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-3). Treatments were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication , The results of this study revealed that Turkish genotypes showed significant effects in the traits plants hight, flowers number, and yield weight, in the other hand the genotype Spanish gave a high number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight. Application of potassium fertilizer showed significant effect gave a higher value in plant height, the number of leaves, flower number and chlorophyll content, fresh at dry weight for the stem. The interaction between the genotypic and potassium gave a higher chlorophyll, leaves number per plant, fresh at dry weight and yield weight..

A research was carried out in southern Italy in order to evaluate the effects of two farming systems (open field, greenhouse) and five transplanting times (27 September, 11 October, 25 October, 8 November, 22 November) on plant growth, harvest precocity, fresh pod yield and seed quality of organic faba bean. Crop biomass and root expansion were higher in open field than in greenhouse. The fourth planting time resulted in the highest crop biomass, whereas the second crop cycle showed the highest leaf area index. Greenhouse crops showed higher precocity than the open field ones by about two weeks, as well as the first transplant; the delay in harvest beginning increased from the second to the fourth planting time. Both fresh pod and seeds yield were significantly higher in open field than under protected environment with the third and fourth planting times. Seed fiber and protein content showed higher values in greenhouse compared to open field and increased with the transplant delay. Seed polyphenols attained higher concentration in open field and with the two earliest planting times. Overall, 25 October to 8 November planting times in open field best fitted the southern Italy growing conditions in terms of pod yield, but the 27 September to 11 October planting times resulted in the highest harvest precocity, remarkably enhanced under greenhouse growing, whereas seed quality was controversial.

A field study was conducted in the fall of 2019 to investigate the potential of Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) aqueous extract as a growth stimulant in enhancing the growth and yield of Fa- ba Bean (Vicia faba L). The study was conducted using sandy soil at a farm in Abo Esaa town in a plot size of 3X5 m2 with a row spacing of 25cm,which based on a complete randomized design (RCD) with four replications, three treatments were carried out, including no foliar spray with E. sativa extracts (control) and foliar sprayed with 20% and 40% aqueous extracts of E. sativa. Ac- cordingly, Faba Bean (Vicia faba L) plants were foliar sprayed six times with the aqueous extracts of E. sativa at rates of 20 and 40% at vegetative and reproductive stages. The result showed that among these concentrations, the foliar spray of faba bean plants with 40% of E. sativa extracts po- tentially were increased all measured growth and yield traits. The results pointed out that plant height increased by 32%, number of branches by 73%, number of leaves by 95%, number of seeds plant by 89%, leaves, stems, pods and roots dry weight by 92%, 80%, 74%, and 89%, respectively. Thus, the study concluded that E. sativa aqueous extracts could potentially be used efficiently by crop producers as a growth enhancer for faba bean crops because of their productivity, great nutri- tive value, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature.

Background: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results: Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions: The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper plays an important role in multiple plant physiological processes including photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Excess copper in tissues leads to physiological and biochemical disturbances. In order to determine the physiological response of Vicia faba L. to copper toxicity, two varieties (Sidi Aïch and Super Aguadulce) were grown in a substrate of sand and compost (3V/V) and contaminated by different doses of Cu (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mg kg-1). Dose rates =160 mg kg-1 led to the accumulation of copper in roots and shoots, in turn leading to decreases in photosynthetic activity and protein content and to the accumulation of proline, a stress indicator, and soluble sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse (Fabaceae) grains, such as peas and beans, are derived from crops that are usually cultivated in the absence of mineral nitrogen fertiliser as these crops can obtain their nitrogen requirement naturally from the air via biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, pulses present a significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint than crops demanding nitrogen fertiliser, whilst also offering significant quantities of starch for the brewing and distilling industries. Mitigation of agriculture derived GHG emissions through utilisation of pulses can have a positive environmental impact. To this end, the potential of exploiting dry, dehulled faba bean (Vicia faba L.) kernel flour as an adjunct for beer production was evaluated. The impact of different temperature regimes and commercial enzymes were assessed for their effect on wort: viscosity; run‐off rate; primary amino nitrogen content and, fermentability. Faba beans demonstrated insufficient endogenous enzyme capacity for starch conversion and generated a viscous wort. However, using a stepped temperature mashing regime and exogenous enzyme additions, the faba bean wort was comparable in processability and fermentability to that of 100% malted barley wort. The faba based beer and co‐product qualities demonstrate the environmental, nutritional and commercial potential of pulses in brewing. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of the Institute of Brewing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institute of Brewing & Distilling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to investigate the performance of faba bean landraces originating from different regions of Greece under both organic and conventional farming systems focusing mainly on yield, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), and competitiveness to weeds. Faba bean exhibited a high ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, as indicated by the percentage of N2 derived from the atmosphere which exceeded 75% in all evaluated varieties, and the total amount of biologically fixed N up to full anthesis, which fluctuated from 118.5 to 193.9 kg ha−1 in the various cropping systems and cultivars. The weed density was appreciably higher in the organic plots, without significant differences among the faba bean cultivars, while wild mustard and corn poppy were the most competitive weeds. The application of inorganic starter fertiliser in the conventionally-treated plots had no negative effect on biologically-fixed nitrogen by faba bean plants, while the herbicide pendimethalin had no negative impact on the nodulation process. Protein concentrations in faba bean cultivars fluctuated from 27.3% to 31.4%. The evaluated landraces could be utilised in breeding programmes due to their earliness, and their high performance in terms of protein content, BNF ability, and productivity.

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work aimed to determine the interaction iron-NaCl effect on germination characteristics (germination percent, germination rate, germination capacity, germination stress index, dry matter stress index, salinity tolerance index and seed vigor) of four varieties bean's plant Vicia faba L. The measurement was designed in the form of splitting segments with four replicates by treating each variety with four NaCl concentration (0, 50, 150, 200 mmol/L), In addition, the seeds were soaked in iron sulfate solution 0.6 µmol/L. The results showed that the salinity had a significant negative effect on the parameters studied during the germination phases and depended on the different salinity levels compared to the control. The iron element appeared a positive effect on these parameters. In addition, the salinity resistance in the presence of iron element of the four varieties in the following order; broad, Aguadulce then Malti and Histal with the same order. Moreover, the two parameters germination stress index and salinity tolerance index showed the best results in salinity resistance in the presence of iron element on the rest of the studied parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Like other heavy metals, Cr (VI) is a powerful carcinogen and mutagen agent. Its toxic effects on plants are well considered. In order to elucidate its adverse effects, the present work aims to study the mitosis aberrations of Cr (VI) on the Vicia faba root-cells and its molecular docking analysis to understand the genotoxicity mechanisms. In-vivo, Vicia faba plants were exposed to 50 and 100 μM Cr (VI) for 48 h. In-silico , molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to study the interactions between dichromate and tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL (PDBID: 5XIW) with reference to Colchicine (microtubule inhibitor). According to our results, Cr (VI) affects growth and cell division and also induces many mitosis aberrations such as chromosome sticking, anaphase/telophase bridges, lagging chromosomes and fragmentation during all phases of mitosis. On the one hand, Cr (VI) reduces mitotic index and promotes micronuclei induction. The in-silico results showed that dichromate establishes very strong bonds at the binding site of the tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL, with a binding affinity of −5.17 Kcal/Mol and an inhibition constant of 163.59 μM. These interactions are similar to those of colchicine with this protein, so dichromate could be a very potent inhibitor of this protein's activity. TTL plays a fundamental role in the tyrosination/detyrosination of tubulin, which is crucial to the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Its inhibition leads to the appearance of many morphogenic abnormalities such as mitosis aberrations. In conclusion, our data confirm the highest genotoxicity effects of Cr (VI) on Vicia faba root-cells. • Exposure of Vicia faba L. root cell tips to Cr (VI) resulted in several chromosomal aberrations and abnormalities. • Dichromate may be a very potent inhibitor of tubulin tyrosine ligase's activity. • Dichromate establishes a very strong bond with the binding site of the tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL. • Cr (VI) can interact with the microtubules of Vicia faba meristematic cell roots and prevents their function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MgO/Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles were obtained in a controlled and reproducible way. • MgO/Mg(OH) 2 -NPs cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated using Vicia faba L. • NPs toxicity was assessed using the mitotic index-MI and micronucleus-MN methodology. • The mitotic index decreased in the roots of Vicia faba L. exposed to MgO/Mg(OH) 2 -NPs. • The percentage of cells with MN increased with increasing NPs concentration. Magnesium oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (MgO/Mg(OH) 2 -NPs) were synthesized by a chemical route and their toxicity were evaluated using Vicia faba L. The obtained solids were characterized using visible infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy and surface area by the BET method. The results indicated the presence of two phases: periclase (MgO) and brucite (Mg(OH) 2). These MgO/Mg(OH) 2 were <50 nm in size, with band gap energy between 5.95 and 6.12 eV and Urbach energy of ∼340 meV. To determine toxicological endpoints, such as mitotic index (MI) and micronucleus induction (MN), Vicia faba L. root tip cells were treated with suspensions containing concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L of MgO/Mg(OH) 2 -NPs. The results of the toxicological evaluation showed a decrease in MI in the roots of Vicia faba L. exposed to NPs and a positive correlation between the percentage of cells with MN and the concentrations of MgO/Mg(OH) 2 -NPs used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se evaluaron diferentes condiciones de manejo del cultivo, como preparación del suelo, fertilización y densidad de plantación de Vicia faba L., sobre la producción de ejote y forraje, en Zaragoza, Puebla. El experimento se desarrolló durante el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2013. Se estudiaron 3 factores de variación: 1) labranza completa y mínima); 2) aplicación de composta, con 17,8 t.ha-1 y sin composta; 3) densidades de siembra: 4, 6, 8 a 16 plantas por m2. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con parcelas subdivididas y 4 repeticiones: las parcelas grandes correspondieron a 2 preparaciones de suelo, la sub parcela a la fertilización y la parcela pequeña a 4 densidades de siembra. Las unidades experimentales fueron parcelas de 3,0 x 5,6 m (16,8 m2), de las cuales se tomaron 6 surcos centrales como parcela útil (8,4 m2). La mayor producción en biomasa o materia seca total (10,15±1,9 t.ha-1) correspondió a los tratamientos con preparación completa: 16 plantas por m2 y aplicación de composta (65 N; 0,54 P kg.ha-1). La producción de materia seca aumentó (p

The series of experiments (SE) in time and space in arrangements of divided plots have been used daily in various disciplines of science and technology, but for subdivided plots (PS) there is little information. With mutually orthogonal contrasts (CMO's), the variability of means or total treatments in groups is divided into an analysis of variance in experiments of one or more factors. This study presents the programs to analyze data of the pod weight in green registered in fava beans in an SE in complete blocks at random in arrangement of PS to run in the System for Statistical Analysis, InfoStat or InfoGen, prepared by the author for correspondence. The procedures for determining how many and what the coefficients of each contrast are and how to calculate some CMO's are indicated. A combined analysis of variance and CMO's are presented for main factors and for their interactions, but the three statistical packages can generate the analyzes for each trial. With the platform that has been developed in the present study, it will be easier to obtain the decomposition of the effects of main factors and their interactions in an SE under PS based on the construction of an appropriate set of orthogonal polynomials or a combination between these and the CMO's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the spring-summer 2014 cycle in San Mateo Atenco, Mexico State, Mexico, with the objective of estimating variance and heritability components in 39 faba bean cultivars and identifying outstanding genetic material from quantitative traits and qualitative. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The qualitative characteristics were described according to the technical guide for the varietal description in faba bean of the national service of inspection and certification of seeds (SNICS). The results showed statistical significance (p≤ 0.01) among cultivars for each quantitative characteristic. Heritability in the broad sense varied from 30.7 to 99%. The highest seed yield was recorded in the collections identified as T8 (4.16 t ha-1 ), T5 (3.9 t ha-1 ) and T 27 (3.8 t ha-1 ). The principal components analysis explained 65.2% of the original total variation and in this it was observed that the yield correlated positively and significantly with number of pods, pod weight and seed weight. In the cluster analysis four groups were formed, of which the third of these included the faba bean populations with the best agronomic descriptors evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]