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2. Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project

Author

Wendisch, M., Brückner, M., Crewell, Susanne, Ehrlich, A., Notholt, J., Lüpkes, C., Macke, A., Burrows, J. P., Rinke, A., Quaas, J., Maturilli, M., Schemann, V., Shupe, M. D., Akansu, E. F., Barrientos-Velasco, C., Bärfuss, K., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Block, K., Bougoudis, I., Bozem, H., Böckmann, C., Bracher, A., Bresson, H., Bretschneider, L., Buschmann, M., Chechin, D. G., Chylik, J., Dahlke, S., Deneke, H., Dethloff, K., Donth, T., Dorn, W., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R., Eppers, O., Gerdes, R., Gierens, R., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Gottschalk, M., Griesche, H., Gryanik, V. M., Handorf, D., Harm-Altstädter, B., Hartmann, J., Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A., Herrmann, H., Heygster, G., Höschel, I., Hofmann, Z., Hölemann, J., Hünerbein, A., Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E., Jacobi, C., Janout, M., Jansen, F., Jourdan, O., Jurányi, Z., Kalesse-Los, H., Kanzow, T., Käthner, R., Kliesch, L. L., Klingebiel, M., Knudsen, E. M., Kovács, T., Körtke, W., Krampe, D., Kretzschmar, J., Kreyling, D., Kulla, B., Kunkel, D., Lampert, A., Lauer, M., Lelli, L., von Lerber, A., Linke, O., Löhnert, U., Lonardi, M., Losa, S. N., Losch, M., Maahn, M., Mech, M., Mei, L., Mertes, S., Metzner, E., Mewes, D., Michaelis, J., Mioche, G., Moser, Manuel, Nakoudi, K., Neggers, R., Neuber, R., Nomokonova, T., Oelker, J., Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I., Pätzold, F., Pefanis, V., Pohl, C., van Pinxteren, M., Radovan, A., Rhein, M., Rex, Markus, Richter, A., Risse, N., Ritter, C., Rostosky, P., Rozanov, V. V., Ruiz Donoso, E., Saavedra-Garfias, P., Salzmann, M., Schacht, J., Schäfer, M., Schneider, J., Schnierstein, N., Seifert, P., Seo, S., Siebert, H., Soppa, M. A., Spreen, G., Stachlewska, I. S., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Tegen, I., Viceto, C., Voigt, Christiane, Vountas, M., Walbröl, A., Walter, M., Wehner, B., Wex, H., Willmes, S., Zanatta, M., Zeppenfeld, S., Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], clouds, Arctic amplification
Abstract

Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.

Published
2023
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3. Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project

Author

Wendisch, M, Brückner, M, Crewell, S, Ehrlich, A, Notholt, J, Lüpkes, C, Macke, A, Burrows, JP, Rinke, A, Quaas, J, Maturilli, M, Schemann, V, Shupe, MD, Akansu, EF, Barrientos-Velasco, C, Bärfuss, K, Blechschmidt, A-M, Block, K, Bougoudis, I, Bozem, H, Böckmann, C, Bracher, A, Bresson, H, Bretschneider, L, Buschmann, M, Chechin, DG, Chylik, J, Dahlke, S, Deneke, H, Dethloff, K, Donth, T, Dorn, W, Dupuy, R, Ebell, K, Egerer, U, Engelmann, R, Eppers, O, Gerdes, R, Gierens, R, Gorodetskaya, IV, Gottschalk, M, Griesche, H, Gryanik, VM, Handorf, D, Harm-Altstädter, B, Hartmann, J, Hartmann, M, Heinold, B, Herber, A, Herrmann, H, Heygster, G, Höschel, I, Hofmann, Z, Hölemann, J, Hünerbein, A, Jafariserajehlou, S, Jäkel, E, Jacobi, C, Janout, M, Jansen, F, Jourdan, O, Jurányi, Z, Kalesse-Los, H, Kanzow, T, Käthner, R, Kliesch, LL, Klingebiel, M, Knudsen, EM, Kovács, T, Körtke, W, Krampe, D, Kretzschmar, J, Kreyling, D, Kulla, B, Kunkel, D, Lampert, A, Lauer, M, Lelli, L, von Lerber, A, Linke, O, Löhnert, U, Lonardi, M, Losa, SN, Losch, M, Maahn, M, Mech, M, Mei, L, Mertes, S, Metzner, E, Mewes, D, Michaelis, J, Mioche, G, Moser, M, Nakoudi, K, Neggers, R, Neuber, R, Nomokonova, T, Oelker, J, Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I, Pätzold, F, Pefanis, V, Pohl, C, van Pinxteren, M, Radovan, A, Rhein, M, Rex, M, Richter, A, Risse, N, Ritter, C, Rostosky, P, Rozanov, VV, Donoso, E Ruiz, Saavedra Garfias, P, Salzmann, M, Schacht, J, Schäfer, M, Schneider, J, Schnierstein, N, Seifert, P, Seo, S, Siebert, H, Soppa, MA, Spreen, G, Stachlewska, IS, Stapf, J, Stratmann, F, Tegen, I, Viceto, C, Voigt, C, Vountas, M, Walbröl, A, Walter, M, Wehner, B, Wex, H, Willmes, S, Zanatta, M, Zeppenfeld, S, Wendisch, M, Brückner, M, Crewell, S, Ehrlich, A, Notholt, J, Lüpkes, C, Macke, A, Burrows, JP, Rinke, A, Quaas, J, Maturilli, M, Schemann, V, Shupe, MD, Akansu, EF, Barrientos-Velasco, C, Bärfuss, K, Blechschmidt, A-M, Block, K, Bougoudis, I, Bozem, H, Böckmann, C, Bracher, A, Bresson, H, Bretschneider, L, Buschmann, M, Chechin, DG, Chylik, J, Dahlke, S, Deneke, H, Dethloff, K, Donth, T, Dorn, W, Dupuy, R, Ebell, K, Egerer, U, Engelmann, R, Eppers, O, Gerdes, R, Gierens, R, Gorodetskaya, IV, Gottschalk, M, Griesche, H, Gryanik, VM, Handorf, D, Harm-Altstädter, B, Hartmann, J, Hartmann, M, Heinold, B, Herber, A, Herrmann, H, Heygster, G, Höschel, I, Hofmann, Z, Hölemann, J, Hünerbein, A, Jafariserajehlou, S, Jäkel, E, Jacobi, C, Janout, M, Jansen, F, Jourdan, O, Jurányi, Z, Kalesse-Los, H, Kanzow, T, Käthner, R, Kliesch, LL, Klingebiel, M, Knudsen, EM, Kovács, T, Körtke, W, Krampe, D, Kretzschmar, J, Kreyling, D, Kulla, B, Kunkel, D, Lampert, A, Lauer, M, Lelli, L, von Lerber, A, Linke, O, Löhnert, U, Lonardi, M, Losa, SN, Losch, M, Maahn, M, Mech, M, Mei, L, Mertes, S, Metzner, E, Mewes, D, Michaelis, J, Mioche, G, Moser, M, Nakoudi, K, Neggers, R, Neuber, R, Nomokonova, T, Oelker, J, Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I, Pätzold, F, Pefanis, V, Pohl, C, van Pinxteren, M, Radovan, A, Rhein, M, Rex, M, Richter, A, Risse, N, Ritter, C, Rostosky, P, Rozanov, VV, Donoso, E Ruiz, Saavedra Garfias, P, Salzmann, M, Schacht, J, Schäfer, M, Schneider, J, Schnierstein, N, Seifert, P, Seo, S, Siebert, H, Soppa, MA, Spreen, G, Stachlewska, IS, Stapf, J, Stratmann, F, Tegen, I, Viceto, C, Voigt, C, Vountas, M, Walbröl, A, Walter, M, Wehner, B, Wex, H, Willmes, S, Zanatta, M, and Zeppenfeld, S

Abstract

Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.

Published
2023

4. Climate change potential effects on grapevine bioclimatic indices: A case study for the Portuguese demarcated Douro Region (Portugal)

Author

Blanco-Ward D., Ribeiro A., Barreales D., Castro J., Verdial J., Feliciano M., Viceto C., Rocha A., Carlos C., Silveira C., and Miranda and A.

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

In this work, bioclimatic parameters and indices relevant to the grapevine are estimated for the years 2000 (recent-pat), 2049 (medium-term future) and 2097 (long-term future), based on very high resolution (1 km × 1 km) MPI-WRF RCP8.5 climate simulations. The selected parameters and indices are the mean temperature during the grapevine growing season period (April to October, Tgs), the cumulative rainfall during the grapevine growing season period (Pgs), the Winkler index (WI), the Huglin heliothermic index (HI), the night cold index (CI) and the dryness index (DI). In general, a significant increase in mean temperature during the grapevine growing season period is observed, together with a significant decrease in precipitation. The recent-past WI is associated with the production of high-quality wines; the higher values predicted for the future represent intensive production of wines of intermediate quality. The HI shows the passage of a grapevine growing region considered as temperate-warm to a warm category of higher helio-thermicity. The recent-past CI indicates very cool conditions (associated with quality wines), while in the future there is a tendency for temperate or warmer nights. Finally, DI indicates an increase in water stress considered already high under the recent-past climate conditions. These results point to an increased climatic stress on the Douro region wine production and increased vulnerability of its vine varieties, providing evidence to support strategies aimed to preserve the high-quality wines in the region and their typicality in a sustainable way.

Published
2019
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