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Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency can be achieved through fertilizer management strategies that capitalize on nutrient synergies. However, limited research on synergies between nitrogen, sulfur, and calcium complicates understanding causal links and developing sustainable management. In this regard, the effects of different nitrogen sources on productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)), along with their impacts on forage quality and secondary production, were investigated. Treatments included: Urea (46% N), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3; 32% N), ammonium nitrate supplemented with calcium and sulfur (NH4NO3 (+), 27% N + 5% Ca + 3.7% S), and control treatment with no N application. The application of fertilizers that combine nitrogen with calcium and sulfur enhances primary production in both winter and summer pastures. Fertilization with NH4NO3 (+) increased nitrogen use efficiency by 125% in Italian ryegrass compared to NH4NO3. However, within the framework of rotatinuous grazing management principles, optimizing plant nitrogen use efficiency does not necessarily lead to a better forage quality or animal performance. These findings highlight that using fertilizers that promote synergies among nutrients, such as the combination of nitrogen with calcium and sulfur, can bring benefits to the sustainability of pasture-based livestock production systems.

La obra de Javier Aguirre supone un ejemplo muy complejo de la noción de autor en ámbito del cine. A lo largo de su faceta profesional, realizó películas comerciales en las que seguía los parámetros convencionales del cine más popular. Al mismo tiempo, también fue responsable de películas fuertemente individuales en la línea del cine más experimental e independiente de su tiempo. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la idea de (anti)autor a partir de las relaciones entre ambos modelos de producción. La noción de estilo en cine ha de dar cuenta de las condiciones de producción, el estado de la tecnología fílmica y el modo en que se plantea el trabajo creativo en cada momento de la historia. En este texto, nos centramos en las películas dirigidas por Aguirre entre 1960 y 1985, los años de mayor y más consistente producción, recorriendo sus principales referentes temáticos y los recursos expresivos específicos que caracterizarán ese periodo. Pensaremos finalmente la articulación de estos temas en un campo temático que se articula a su vez como metonimia y también como metáfora de la España en el proceso de modernización durante el Desarrollismo: la experiencia turística.

Abstract Background Oesophageal pneumatosis (OP) is defined as the presence of gas within the oesophageal wall. The description of this condition in veterinary medicine is currently lacking. The pathogenesis of alimentary tract pneumatosis remains unclear. Current literature describes that access of gas into the oesophageal wall may occur by one or a combination of the following mechanisms: mucosal disruption, increased intra or extra‐luminal pressure or dissection of gas from an extra‐oesophageal source. Objectives The aim of this multi‐centric case series was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of OP in dogs. Methods Three adult dogs were included. One dog presented with gastrointestinal signs and general malaise while the other two presented with spontaneous facial and cervical subcutaneous emphysema. Results CT revealed different degrees of intramural gas along the oesophageal wall in all cases. The first dog was diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis based on the presence of gastric pneumatosis paired with compatible clinicopathological and endoscopic findings. This dog was successfully treated with antibiotics. The remaining two dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and required no surgical or medical treatment. Conclusions In all cases with OP, there was concurrent gastric pneumatosis. Gas extensively and circumferentially distributed with a banded shape along the oesophageal wall was present in patients with presumed mural gas dissection because of pneumomediastinum. Conversely, a focal and mild amount of mural gas with a tubular shape was identified in the distal segment of the oesophagus in the patient with emphysematous gastritis.

Because it detects discrete changes in tissue density, ultrasound allows an early diagnosis of physiologic changes, especially when dealing with subclinical changes. aimed to evaluate the use of quantitative analysis of the gray scale of ultrasound images of ovine testicles as a method for early diagnosis of testicular changes caused by heat stress. Testicles from ten ovine were insulated and then evaluated regarding echogenicity, echotexture, anatomical measurements, and seminal characteristics. Echogenicity was the first variable to show changes during the insulation period, as well as the first one to show evidence of regeneration of those changes. There was a correlation (p < 0.05) between echogenicity and sperm vigor, motility, and mass sperm motility, as well as a correlation (p < 0.05) between echotexture and motility. Echogenicity, motility, vigor, and mass sperm motility decreased (p < 0.05) within four days of testicular insulation, and there was no change (p > 0.05) in echotexture. Testicular measurements were only altered (p < 0.05) after insulation; however, the structural integrity of the seminiferous tubules was not altered. Echogenicity is an efficient ultrasound parameter for the early diagnosis of a testicular degenerative process as well as for the early diagnosis of its regeneration.

La investigación biomédica genera evidencia científica valiosa para mejorar los esquemas de tratamiento de enfermedades de los seres humanos. La enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica afecta los tejidos de protección y soporte del diente; es una de las infecciones crónicas más prevalentes. Su etiología es multifactorial (las bacterias constituyen el factor primario). La placa dental es un biofilm en el que los microorganismos anaerobios dominan; se puede dividir en gingivitis y periodontitis. La gingivitis es un estado inflamatorio de las encías, sin pérdida de fibras de inserción periodontal o del hueso alveolar. En la periodontitis se produce la destrucción progresiva de las fibras de colágeno y de las estructuras óseas de soporte; está relacionada con diferentes complicaciones sistémicas, entre ellas: la diabetes mellitus (trastorno metabólico que se caracteriza por la hiperglucemia). Esta revisión permitirá a los especialistas investigar, a escala preclínica, aspectos importantes de estas enfermedades en los roedores de laboratorio.

Como consecuencia del incontrolable crecimiento urbano y del sector industrial, se ha estado atendiendo y soportando un grave problema de salubridad como son los incrementos constantes y masivos de las aguas residuales, por lo que se propone su utilización para el riego en los viveros forestales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar tres tipos de agua, empleados en el riego para la producción de plántulas de Pinus oocarpa en la etapa de vivero, con el fin de determinar cuál de estos presenta mejores resultados en la germinación de la misma. El estudio fue realizado en la planta piloto de tratamiento de aguas residuales “Ing. Arturo Pazos Sosa”, localizada en la colonia Aurora II de la zona 13 de la ciudad de Guatemala. La investigación se realizó mediante un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), de 3 tratamientos con 4 repeticiones. Después de evaluada la germinación, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron al emplear el riego con agua potable (Tratamiento 3).

Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevenção da neurocisticercose (NCC) entre estudantes de Medicina, médicos-residentes e médicos. Métodos: no primeiro semestre de 2001, foram avaliados 384 estudantes de Medicina por meio das questões. “O que é neurocisticercose?” e “Como prevenir-se da doença?”. No segundo semestre, as mesmas questões foram aplicadas a 37 médicos residentes e 51 médicos com mais de quatro anos de formação. Resultados: a maioria dos alunos (95,8%) soube definir NCC, mas apenas 45% deram resposta acertada quanto à forma de se prevenir. Entre os médicos residentes o índice de acerto foi, respectivamente, de 97% e 43%, entre os médicos 88% e 41%. Conclusão: é alto o índice de erro tanto entre estudantes (55%), como entre médicos residentes (57%) e médicos (59%) na resposta à forma correta de se prevenir contra a NCC isto sugere, fortemente, a inadequação da forma como o tema é abordado na universidade.

El Laboratorio de Cirugía Experimental de la Universidad de Ciencia Médicas de Villa Clara cuenta con la tecnología necesaria para el montaje y desarrollo de técnicas y habilidades quirúrgicas y microquirúrgicas, las cuales son utilizadas por los profesionales y estudiantes en la docencia y la investigación biomédica. Se realizaron varias innovaciones con la recuperación de equipos, instrumentos y materiales en desuso; se creó el gimnasio quirúrgico conformado por modelos inanimados sintéticos, y se implementó el modelo «pollo», como técnica alternativa al uso de animales vivos en la experimentación animal. Se han desarrollado: importantes proyectos de investigación, entrenamientos de cirugía y microcirugía experimental, diversos programas docentes, y exitosos cursos internacionales con estudiantes y residentes. El laboratorio constituye un valioso aporte de alternativas éticas, económicas y sanitarias, que han favorecido la formación de recursos humanos y un servicio científico-técnico de calidad para la docencia y la investigación.

This study is dedicated to the representation of the former Latin F- in the medieval documentation from southern Ávila, in Spain. It is a very interesting area from a linguistic point of view, since we can find aspects of northern Castilian with characteristics of the southern varieties of Spanish. For our study we used a corpus composed of 75 original documents from the south of Ávila written throughout the fifteenth century. We analyze various examples of the use of h in replacements of f, both inside the word and, mainly, in the initial position. The data reveal that the phenomenon would be quite widespread in the region at the end of the Middle Ages.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on social control in health and the contributions that nursing can make to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a theoretical reflection, elaborated from discussions based on literature and the experience of authors’ performance in social control and in Primary Care. It is divided into two topics: the first, related to aspects of institutionalized social control; the second, related to the perspectives for nursing in this space. Results: limits and relevant aspects for nurses’ role in social control are presented, contributing to a perspective of praxis in health based on their ethical-political commitment and their technical competence in the coordination and management of care to face the pandemic. Final considerations: nurses’ role in social control favors the strengthening of the struggle for the right to life above profits, especially through popular participation in the community context in Primary Care.

A água é um dos recursos determinante para o funcionamento e crescimento pleno das plantas, ao mesmo tempo que é considerado o mais limitante. Nesse sentido, um dos principais fatores causador de estresse nas plantas é a disponibilidade hídrica. O conhecimento do desempenho das plantas forrageiras em condições de estresse hídrico é de grande valia para entendimento do efeito do período “seco” na produção de forragem, permitindo assim o uso de práticas de manejo viáveis para melhorar o cultivo durante esse período. Desta forma, objetivou-se com esta revisão discorrer sobre as respostas das plantas forrageiras submetidas ao estresse hídrico, destacando os efeitos causados e mecanismos de adaptação dessas plantas, assim como práticas para a convivência com o déficit hídrico.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las alteraciones de la voz y de la deglución en pacientes con deficiencias neurológicas secundarias a hemorragia subaracnoidea por ruptura de aneurisma cerebral. El estudio es descriptivo de corte transversal; realizado en 30 pacientes del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen de Perú, quienes cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Las cualidades de la voz y deglución fueron evaluadas mediante la Evaluación Clínica de la Voz y de la Deglución en pacientes con Accidente Cerebrovascular hemorrágico que emplea el sonómetro, auscultación laríngea y pulsioxímetro. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: según las cualidades de la voz: timbre un 63,3% opaco, tono el 86,7% tono grave, intensidad una intensidad disminuida con un 90%; la duración un 86,7% corta. En Características de la deglución de la fase oral en texturas alimenticias el 83,3% deficiente, número de masticaciones un 76,7% deficiente, en tiempo/duración de la masticación 86,7% deficiente y restos alimenticios el 90% presente. Características de la deglución en la fase faríngea según número de degluciones un 46,7% inadecuado, según tos y carraspeo 36,7 % lo presentan y el 73,3% presencia de apnea. Grado de disfonía un 70% de Grado II. Grado de disfagia un 60% de presenta grado grave. Por lo que se concluye que existen alteraciones de la voz con predominancia del timbre opaco, tono grave, intensidad disminuida y duración de tipo corta, alteraciones de la deglución en la fase oral y presencia de un alto porcentaje de disfagia de grado severa y disfonía de grado II.

A degeneração testicular é altamente prevalente em ruminantes criados em clima tropical no Brasil. Portanto, é necessário avaliar a qualidade do sêmen periodicamente nesses animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir imagens-padrão (termogramas) usando termografia por infravermelho (TIV), associada à avaliação seminal computadorizada (CASA) de maneira não invasiva, para diagnóstico de alterações testiculares. Para tanto, 10 machos caprinos foram selecionados e seus testículos insulados para avaliar a qualidade seminal e as temperaturas retal e testicular superficial, registradas em quatro momentos diferentes: antes, durante e cedo e tarde após a insulação. As coletas de sêmen e as temperaturas retal e testicular superficial pela TIV foram avaliadas por 60 dias após a insulação. Os dados foram expressos em média e erro padrão e submetido à análise de variância (ANOVA) com comparação entre os momentos pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As mudanças na qualidade seminal seguiram o mesmo padrão das mudanças na temperatura da TS, sem influência do último na temperatura retal. A temperatura testicular média aumentou mais de 2 graus acima da temperatura média normal do testículo (p < 0,05) durante a insulação, em relação aos momentos antes e após a insulação, e concomitantemente redução nos parâmetros seminais com retorno a quase normalidade aos 60 dias após a insulação. Essas mudanças nas temperaturas da superfície do testículo associadas à análise do sêmen permitiram obter imagens padrões de degeneração testicular, possibilitando prever, por TIV, alterações testiculares para posterior avaliação da qualidade seminal.

Background. Vertical transmission of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still controversial. Additionally, the consequences of the infection during pregnancy in the offspring also are unknown. Case. A transitory fetal skin edema and polyhydramnios have been demonstrated by ultrasound in a pregnant patient with COVID-19 after a negative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The fetal findings presented a spontaneous resolution in utero, and abnormal findings were not found in the newborn. Conclusion. Women who have undergone SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy should receive a subsequent appropriate follow-up in order to clarify the fetal consequences of the novel coronavirus, if any.

The forage palm is one of the main forages of ruminants in semiarid regions. Measurements of leaf area are required in agronomic studies because they are one of the main parameters used to evaluate plant growth. The objective of this study was to validate and define the best models for estimating the area and weight of Giant Sweet clone (Nopalea cochenillifera) forage cladodes in a non-destructive way based on the linear dimensions of length, width and thickness. There were 432 randomly measured cladodes at 550 days after planting. The length, width and thickness of each cladode were measured using a digital calliper. The cladodes were weighed individually. The cladode area was calculated by the gravimetric method. The power regression model was the most efficient method to explain the cladode area as a function of the product of length by width, while the gamma model was the most efficient method to explain the weight of cladodes as a function of the product of length by width and thickness. The power model, and gamma model, = 0.536T + 0.028LW, were used to determine the area and weight of Nopalea cochenillifera Giant Sweet clone cladodes, respectively, based on the values of linear dimensions measured independently of the order of the cladode.

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.

ABSTRACT: Considering the benefits that massage can promote, this research aimed to apply the stroking massage in five adult goats (G1-G5) assessed in group and individually for ten days. Parameters related to massage, immune system, physiology and behavior of goats were observed. There was only significant difference (P

Pasture studies require information on leaf area, as it is one of the main parameters for evaluation of plant growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass (Digitaria pentzii Stent.) using non-destructive methods by regression model analysis. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with three cutting heights (10, 15, and 20 cm) and four replications. Three hundred leaf blades of pangolão grass were randomly collected, and their respective lengths (L) and widths (W) determined using a digital caliper. The leaf blade area of pangolão grass was estimated by the gravimetric method, using linear and power regression models to explain the leaf blade area as a function of the product of L and maximum W. The real leaf blade area presented an average value of 18.64 cm², ranging from 4.29 to 45.95 cm². The leaf blade area of pangolão grass, regardless of cutting height, was estimated with greater accuracy by the power model. The power model, ?=LW1.007, can be used to estimate the leaf blade area of pangolão grass based on leaf blade L and W values. Keywords: modeling; non-destructive method; pangolão grass.

Mediante el estudio de cuatro écfrasis mostramos nuevas perspectivas críticas sobre este ejercicio retórico y la temática erótica. Inspirándose en una inconcreta obra de Rafael, en “El joven rubio” (1902) Antonio de Zayas imagina una figura de belleza ambigua y misteriosa que responde al ideal del andrógino. En “La Primavera” (1911) Manuel Machado soslaya la representación del cuadro de Botticelli para evocar una primera lujuria adolescente. A través de “La Venus del espejo” de Velázquez, un maestro del 27 y un poeta actual realizan dos versiones líricas de signo muy distinto. En primer lugar, Gerardo Diego proyecta una atracción erótico-tanática en “La Venus del espejo” (1962); en segundo lugar, José Ovejero elabora un monólogo dirigido a la diosa en un contexto actual en “Venus del espejo, durante su breve visita a Madrid” (2012).

A escolha de uma espécie forrageira é um dos fatores mais importantes quando se visa à criação de ruminantes como fonte de renda. Objetivou-se analisar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de maniçoba em função de diferentes diâmetros e comprimentos de maniva submetidas à irrigação, no município de Serra Talhada-PE, região do Semiárido brasileiro. O material vegetal utilizado para análise propagativa foi à espécie forrageira maniçoba (Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg.). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjado fatorial 3x3, sendo três diâmetros de maniva (2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 cm) e três comprimentos de maniva (10; 15 e 20 cm), com oito repetições. As características analisadas foram: número de brotações, comprimento das brotações e número de folhas. Mudas de maniçoba podem ser produzidas por propagação assexuada, utilizando-se manivas com diâmetro de 3,0 cm e comprimento entre 15 e 20 cm. A utilização de propagação vegetativa apresenta boa taxa de brotação, auxiliando assim na propagação da espécie.

A vegetação nativa da caatinga constitui um importante recurso alimentar para os rebanhos da região semiárida brasileira. Neste tipo de vegetação, a Família Euphorbiaceae é representada por um grande número de espécies, caracterizadas por um alto potencial produtivo e nutricional de sua forragem. No entanto, a falta de informações sobre o manejo acarretam problemas de desperdício de forragem na época das chuvas e intoxicação dos animais por substâncias presentes nas plantas, sendo necessário estudos que minimizem tais problemas. Desse modo, objetivou-se com esta revisão discorrer sobre a família botânica Euphorbiaceae, destacando a sua importância econômica e a utilização de algumas espécies nativas da caatinga na alimentação animal, mostrando as formas de utilização e caracterizando aspectos produtivos, químicos e nutricionais das forragens, assim como compostos tóxicos presentes nessas plantas.

Introducción: múltiples han sido las aplicaciones de los concentrados plaquetarios; recientemente se destacan sus beneficios como sustratos básicos para la obtención de biomateriales, por lo que resulta prometedor este nuevo uso que exige, de forma razonable, la delimitación de sus indicaciones y una mejor comprensión de los procesos biológicos que conducen a la regeneración. Objetivo: exponer las ventajas que, desde la evidencia, muestra la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos, biomaterial autólogo utilizado en la regeneración tisular. Método: la búsqueda especializada de la bibliografía se realizó entre los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2017; se seleccionaron los artículos más destacados en prestigiosas bases de datos, de los cuales el 90 %, fueron publicados en los últimos cinco años. Conclusiones: la regeneración tisular tiene en la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos, un biomaterial que está mostrando, desde la evidencia, su pertinencia de aplicación multidisciplinaria. Sus ventajas abarcan desde su esencia autóloga, hasta las sencillas y rápidas vías para su obtención. El estado actual del conocimiento en este campo transdisciplinario sugiere el diseño de nuevas investigaciones que permitan reforzar su cuerpo de evidencias, y establecer un adecuado marco regulatorio para su uso.

One of the most significant challenges in deer is the ability to maintain genetic diversity, avoiding inbreeding and sustaining population health and reproduction. Although our general knowledge of reproductive physiology is improving, it appears that the application of assisted reproductive technology (ART) will more efficiently advance wildlife conservation efforts and preserve genetic diversity. The purpose of this review is to present the most important results obtained with the use of ART in Neotropical deer. Thus, the state-of-the-art for estrus synchronization, semen technology, artificial insemination, and in vivo embryo production will be presented. In vitro embryo production (IVP) is also a biotechnology that is taking initial steps in deer. In this aspect, the approach with the proteomics of ovarian follicular fluid is being used as a tool for a better understanding of oocyte maturation. Finally, cell banks and the use of interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) as well as the use of stem cells for gametes differentiation are promising techniques.

In transgenic murine models, the study of certain organs or tissues can be performed after euthanasia of some specimens. However, this practice may not be economically feasible when applied to livestock such as transgenic goats. It is necessary to use minimally invasive methods to perform in vivo studies of organs that may be affected by disorders related to the activity of the transgene, particularly during milk production, when the recombinant protein is secreted. The aim of this study was to describe ultrasonographic findings of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and mammary glands in transgenic goats for evaluating the effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) expression in milk during induced lactation. Six female Canindé goats-three transgenic (T) and three non-transgenic (NT)-were subjected to hormone therapy to induce lactation; ultrasonographic examinations of the liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, and mammary gland were performed during both the hormonal therapy and the lactation period at different intervals depending on the organ being examined. On Day 16 (Day 1 = hormonal therapy initiation), all goats were lactating and presented healthy mammary glands, characterized by echogenic parenchyma showing a granular echotexture. Transgenic and non-transgenic goats were compared on the basis of measurements and ultrasound images obtained from each organ. No differences between T and NT animals were observed in the examined area for the liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys. Liver and renal echogenicity and appearance of gallbladder and portal and hepatic veins were similar in all females. Ultrasonographic findings of the mammary gland, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys in transgenic goats did not show any difference from those in non-transgenic goats.Thus, these results suggest that the presence and expression of the transgene had no effect on the ultrasonographic findings of mammary gland and abdominal organs in the transgenic goats. Moreover, the findings shows that ultrasonography is a useful screening tool for clinical examination of transgenic goats; this allows the investigation of possible disorders and avoids the unnecessary use of invasive techniques.

Leaf area measurements are of the main parameters used in agronomic studies to evaluate plant growth. The current study used a non-destructive method based on linear leaf dimensions (length and width) to select the regression model to estimate millet (Pennisetum glaucum) leaf area. For two millet genotype (IPA BULK 1 BF and ADR 300) 128 randomly-chosen leaves were measured at different vegetative growth stages. Measures of length and width of each leaf were made using digital calipers. Leaf area was measured using a gravimetric method. The best-fit leaf area estimation model was selected via linear, potential and gamma regression models. Leaf area values varied from 3.02 to 209.21 cm2. The average value was 95.31 cm2. The potential regression model exhibited lower residual sum of squares and Akaike's information criterion and similar determination coefficient and Willmott index. Thus, potential regression was more efficient in explaining the leaf area of millet, independent of the genotype, when compared to other models evaluated in this research. Length (L) and width (W) could be used in the following potential regression model to estimate millet leaf blade.

The Baranyi–Roberts model describes the dynamics of the volumetric densities of two interacting cell populations. We randomize this model by considering that the initial conditions are random variables whose distributions are determined by using sample data and the principle of maximum entropy. Subsequenly, we obtain the Liouville–Gibbs partial differential equation for the probability density function of the two-dimensional solution stochastic process. Because the exact solution of this equation is unaffordable, we use a finite volume scheme to numerically approximate the aforementioned probability density function. From this key information, we design an optimization procedure in order to determine the best growth rates of the Baranyi–Roberts model, so that the expectation of the numerical solution is as close as possible to the sample data. The results evidence good fitting that allows for performing reliable predictions.

ABSTRACT Carotenoids are incorporated into the diet of laying hens in order to modify the yolk color. A natural source of carotenoids in tropical countries is annatto, which could be used in the diets of hens. This study aimed to evaluate the addition of natural (annatto) and synthetic carotenoids to the diet of laying hens (commercial and alternative) and their effects on yolk color and consumer sensory perception of fresh and stored eggs obtained from two different preparations (boiled and fried). Physicochemical analysis of proximate composition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), emulsion activity and instrumental color were performed. Cooking caused significant alterations to the moisture in the preparations and this may have directly affected the color intensity, influencing factors related to egg appearance. In this study, 85 % of the panelists indicated that yolk color is an important attribute of the product’s quality. There was no antioxidant effect of the carotenoids in raw eggs. Synthetic additives should be better dosed to obtain the desired effect. Storage did not alter the proximate composition of the eggs.

El síndrome de híper IgE (síndrome de Job o de Buckley) es una inmunodeficiencia primaria, rara y compleja, caracterizada por la presencia de altos niveles séricos de IgE (superiores a 2 000 UI/mL3.), eccema crónico, abscesos por infecciones recurrentes de Staphylococcus aureus, infecciones del tracto respiratorio con formación de neumatoceles pulmonares, quimiotaxis neutrofílica reducida, y una serie de características fenotípicas, con anomalías craneofaciales, dentales, músculo-esqueléticas, neurológicas y vasculares, de origen, tanto autosómico dominante como recesivo.

En el ámbito de la renovación modernista finisecular el poeta Antonio de Zayas (1871-1945) publica los dos poemarios más representativos del Parnasianismo hispánico: Joyeles bizantinos y Retratos antiguos, ambos publicados en 1902. El estudio de este trabajo se centra en la investigación de Retratos antiguos, singular galería de sonetos ecfrásticos sobre la pintura europea renacentista, barroca y dieciochesca. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar cómo, por un lado, el lenguaje poético de Antonio de Zayas indaga en implícitas poéticas parnasianas articuladas en el discurso evocador de las écfrasis y, por otro, cómo la presencia de una sensibilidad simbolista se integra en una lírica eminentemente parnasiana.

The Concept of Law and the Knowledge of What is Just According to Francesco Viola O conceito de direito e o conhecimento do justo em Francesco Viola El autor explica sistemática y críticamente la visión de Francesco Viola sobre el derecho y su cognoscibilidad. Ambos puntos son, dada la inusual perspectiva de Viola, inseparables, pues, para Viola, el significado focal de diritto es una práctica social constituida por los actos de interpretación que sus participantes hacen de la misma, al reconocerla como valor que se debe seguir. La conclusión de este estudio es que, sin perjuicio de ciertas objeciones que se le deben hacer a Viola –a saber, la incoherencia de su pensamiento, por decirse iusnaturalista a la vez que defiende tesis cercanas al relativismo–, su comprensión del razonamiento práctico como prudencia y la necesidad del casuismo como método jurídico son auténticas contribuciones al debate sobre la ley natural. Para citar este artículo: Vicente Hargous, “El concepto de derecho y el conocimiento de lo justo en Francesco Viola”, en Dikaion, 27, 2 (2018), pp. 310-343. DOI: 10.5294/dika.2018.27.2.5.

Formar un profesional competente en las universidades médicas es una meta compleja, y el hecho de llevar las teorías educativas a la práctica es un proceso fundamental. En la investigación científica, el estudiante tiene que aprender que esta se inicia con una idea nueva, se estructura como hipótesis, la cual se acepta o rechaza en función de los resultados y culmina con la publicación de estos. De ahí que, en la actualidad, se le atribuya gran interés al proceso de formación de habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes, y se enfatiza como una necesidad para elevar la calidad de la salud pública. En Cuba, la promoción de la investigación en los programas se ha logrado por medio del desarrollo y consolidación de líneas de investigación, elaboradas alrededor de temáticas relacionadas directamente con el plan de estudios y los principales problemas de salud. La investigación científica y su consiguiente publicación se han visto incrementadas en los últimos años.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mammary biopsy procedures on gland function of goats submitted to hormonal lactation. Ten female Caninde goats, at the age of around 3 years, were used and lactation was induced by using estrogen, progesterone, and prednisolone. Ultrasonographic examinations of mammary gland, milking, and analysis of physicochemical properties of milk were performed immediately before (0 h), and 24, 48, and 72 h after each biopsy procedure. Surgical mammary gland biopsies were obtained at days 5 and 26 of the lactation. Even after drying initiation, all animals produced milk for five months. No abnormalities were observed on the ultrasonographic appearance of biopsied glands. All 20 biopsies were technically successful and any inflammation or infection was associated with biopsy procedures. Regarding the physicochemical properties and volumes of milk produced, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between right and left glands nor in the comparison of the results from time 0 with 24, 48, and 72 h for biopsied teats. The mammary biopsy did not induce neither severe changes in production and physicochemical properties of the milk nor in ultrasonographic appearance of mammary gland of goats in hormonal lactation. Keywords: biopsy; goat; udder; ultrasonography.

Morphological characteristics of three forage species grazed by rustic poultry in stocking were evaluated. Coast-cross fodder, kikuyu grass, and stylosanthes were planted in 33-m2 paddocks with two densities (m2/animal): D1 = 3m2/animal and D2 = 1m2/animal. The design was a randomized complete block with a 3 x 2 factorial (three grasses and two densities) and three replications. Grass canopy height, grass mass, morphological composition (leaf, stem, and dead material), losses due to grazing, poultry weight gain and consumption, and concentrate feed conversion ratio and efficiency were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, forage and leaves masses were considered low to stylosanthes in D2 (0.28 to 0.03 kg/m2) and to kikuyu grass in D1 (0.13 to 0.05 kg/m2) and in D2 (0.11 and 0.03 kg/m2), respectively. In addition, the grass canopy height was considered low for stylosanthes (6.50 cm) that could jeopardize the entry of new poultry lot. The three grass species had similar weight gain and revealed better results for 3m²/ chicken (3.20 kg/animal). Coast-cross fodder, kikuyu grass, and stylosanthes, with some exceptions, can be considered suitable for grazing fattening poultry at 3m2/animal at the evaluated time of the year (autumn).

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to 1) estimate the amount of dead wood in managed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in northern Iberian Peninsula and 2) evaluate the most appropriate volume equation and the optimal transect length for sampling downed wood. Area of study: The study area is the Aralar Forest in Navarra (Northern Iberian Peninsula). Material and methods: The amount of dead wood by component (downed logs, snags, stumps and fine woody debris) was inventoried in 51 plots across a chronosequence of stand ages (0-120 years old). Main results: The average volume and biomass of dead wood was 24.43 m3 ha-1 and 7.65 Mg ha-1, respectively. This amount changed with stand development stage [17.14 m3 ha-1 in seedling stage; 34.09 m3 ha-1 inpole stage; 22.54 m3 ha-1 in mature stage and 24.27 m3 ha-1 in regular stand in regeneration stage], although the differences were not statistically significant for coarse woody debris. However, forest management influenced the amount of dead wood, because the proportion of mass in the different components and the decay stage depended on time since last thinning. The formula based on intersection diameter resulted on the smallest coefficient of variation out of seven log-volume formulae. Thus, the intersection diameter is the preferred method because it gives unbiased estimates, has the greatest precision and is the easiest to implement in the field. Research highlights: The amount of dead wood, and in particular snags, was significantly lower than that in reserved forests. Results of this study showed that sampling effort should be directed towards increasing the number of transects, instead of increasing transect length or collecting additional piece diameters that do not increase the accuracy or precision of DWM volume estimation. Keywords: snags; downed logs; stumps; fine woody debris; beech; line intersect sampling.

La osteoartrosis, caracterizada por dolor, ocupa el primer lugar como trastorno invalidante en la tercera edad. El Servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Universitario «Arnaldo Milián Castro» y el Servicio Científico Técnico de Medicina Regenerativa perteneciente a la Unidad de Investigaciones Biomédicas realizaron el tratamiento integral a 401 pacientes, entre noviembre de 2013 y diciembre de 2014. La evaluación realizada con posterioridad al implante de factores de crecimiento plaquetarios y células mononucleares, mostró alentadores resultados: mejoría de las manifestaciones dolorosas, disminución del consumo de medicamentos y un elevado nivel de satisfacción. El índice de masa corporal se incrementó después del implante.

The current global crisis and what this represents for the phenomenon of migration is the main object of analysis of this article. Through the principle topics that make up the title -crisis, globality, and migration- as well as the sub-themes -social integration, interculturalism, and the media- the author looks at the elements, causes, and circumstances that have shaped the current crisis, in terms of both economics and values, including the influence these, as the most important factors in human mobility of our time, have on the phenomenon of migration. All of this is considered from an analytical and reflective perspective, replete with varied proposals and criticisms. There is a common thread in the final outlook of the topics covered, which is the change that has occurred in the world with regard to human mobility, as well as in political and social behavior, all of which is a product of the new global order.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os atributos de qualidade e de durabilidade dos ovos de duas diferentes linhagens de poedeiras, com dietas contendo aditivos artificiais ou naturais, em diferentes períodos de armazenamento. Foram quantificadas durante o armazenamento as variáveis perda de peso, pH da gema e albúmen, gravidade específica, índice de gema (IG) e foi realizada também classificação por peso e Unidade Haugh (UH). Os resultados foram avaliados segundo teste de Tukey (P≤0,05). As linhagens diferiram quanto à classificação extra dos ovos, com maior porcentagem para a Isa Brown. Os ovos obtidos das poedeiras Carijó apresentaram maior porcentagem de gema (Carijó 30,66 e Isa-Brown 24,55). O tempo de armazenamento fez com que a porcentagem de gema aumentasse nas duas linhagens (Carijó 30,66 tempo zero para 34,85 depois de 36 dias; e Isa- Brown de 24,55 para 27,48). As dietas com aditivos artificiais ou naturais não influenciaram a porcentagem de clara (% Clara 58,72 Controle; 59,52 Aditivo; 60,11 Urucum 1,5%; 59,43 e de gema %Gema 27,64 Controle; 27,90 Aditivo; 27,21 Urucum 1,5%; 27,66 Urucum 2%). O pH da clara diferiu entre os tratamentos no tempo inicial e aos 36 dias de armazenamento, mas o pH da gema não diferiu durante todo o armazenamento. O índice de gema diferiu nos tempos de armazenamento, mas não diferiu considerando os tratamentos. Em dietas com aditivos artificiais ou naturais, as linhagens e os tempos de armazenamento influenciam na qualidade e durabilidade dos ovos.The research has the aim of evaluating quality and durability attributes of eggs from two hens lines feed with and without natural or synthetics additives, at several storage periods. During storage, weight lost, albumen and yolk pH, specific gravity andyolk index (IG) were quantified , as well as, weight classification and Haugh Unit (HU) The results were analyzed by Tukey test (P≤0.05). Quality differences are bigger by lines and storage time and the extra classification of eggs were higher for Isa Brown. The egg of Carijó hens presented more yolk percentage (Carijó 30.66 e Isa-Brown 24.55). The storage higher increased yolk percentage (Carijó 30.66 time zero for 34.85 after 36 days; and Isa- Brown 24.55 for 27.48). Two lines diets with natural or synthetics additives didn't influence the white and yolk percentage (%white 58.72 Control; 59.52 Aditive; 60.11 Urucum 1.5%; 59.43 e de yolk and 27.64 Control; 27.90 Aditive; 27.21 Urucum 1.5%; 27.66 Urucum 2%). Clear pH differs among treatments at initial time and at 36 days of storage, but the yolk pH didn't chage during all storage. The yolk index differed in the storage time, but not at treatments. So, it's possible to concluded that diets with natural and synthetics additives, lines and storage times had influenced quality and durability attributes in the eggs.

En el ámbito internacional de las publicaciones académicas, está cobrando cada vez más importancia un aspecto que hasta hace poco tiempo comenzó a ser mencionado: la necesidad de estandarizar adecuadamente los nombres de los autores y de las instituciones de afiliación, aunque el fenómeno no es totalmente nuevo, e identificadores como el ISBN para los libros y el ISSN para revistas se utilizan desde hace varias décadas.