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L'allongement de la couronne clinique est une intervention de chirurgie parodontale qui permet de conserver des dents dont la destruction compromet la pérennité ou dont la hauteur coronaire insuffisante ne permet pas la reconstruction. L'espace biologique doit être respecté afin de rétablir des rapports parodonto-prothétiques corrects. Une technique vestibulaire de lambeau mixte, épaisseur totale dans la partie coronaire et épaisseur partielle dans la partie apicale, est décrite. De même, une technique palatine avec une gingivectomie secondaire à l'ostéo-ectomie-ostéoplastie est proposée. Chaque étape est expliquée en fonction de la localisation de la destruction. La place de l'allongement coronaire dans le plan de traitement est développée.

AbstractTransmembrane 9 (TM9) proteins, or nonaspanins, are a family of proteins conserved throughout evolution and characterized by 9 transmembrane domains. In Drosophila, TM9 superfamily protein member 4 (TM9SF4) and its closest paralogue, TM9SF2, contribute to phagocytosis of various types of particles, while TM9SF4 displays non-redundant requirement in Gram-negative bacteria engulfment. In addition, the two TM9 proteins control the actin cytoskeleton in larval haemocytes and in Drosophila S2 cells. Here, we show that TM9SF4 and TM9SF2 co-immunoprecipitate with the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC, which triggers the Drosophilaimmune response to bacterial infection. Furthermore, both TM9 proteins co-localize with this receptor in intracellular vesicles and at the plasma membrane in DrosophilaS2 cells in culture and in the fly fat body. Silencing TM9SF4 prevents plasma membrane localization of PGRP-LC, whereas silencing TM9SF2 does not, which may account for the non-redundant role of TM9SF4 in phagocytosis of Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, we provide a set of data suggesting that TM9 proteins can prevent inappropriate signalling from the unstimulated receptor.© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

Initially described as a nonspecific degradation process induced upon starvation, autophagy is now known also to be involved in the degradation of specific ubiquitinated substrates such as mitochondria, bacteria and aggregated proteins, ensuring crucial functions in cell physiology and immunity. We report here that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP36 controls selective autophagy activation in Drosophila and in human cells. We show that dUsp36loss of function autonomously inhibits cell growth while activating autophagy. Despite the phenotypic similarity, dUSP36 is not part of the TOR signaling pathway. Autophagy induced by dUsp36loss of function depends on p62/SQSTM1, an adaptor for delivering cargo marked by polyubiquitin to autophagosomes. Consistent with p62 requirement, dUsp36mutant cells display nuclear aggregates of ubiquitinated proteins, including Histone H2B, and cytoplasmic ubiquitinated proteins; the latter are eliminated by autophagy. Importantly, USP36 function in p62-dependent selective autophagy is conserved in human cells. Our work identifies a novel, crucial role for a deubiquitinating enzyme in selective autophagy.

AbstractTwo major Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) projects are currently in progress. The US program at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which has taken its first firing of a cryogenic target with DT fuel this year, mainly relies on cryogenic targets with capillary filled capsule. For the French ICF experiments carried out on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ), the nominal filling path of cryogenic target assemblies (CTAs) is permeation of DT fuel through the microshell. The CEA Valduc tritium facilities, where targets are filled, are thus original installations with specific designs and technologies.This paper deals with the description of the tritium facilities for the LMJ cryogenic targets (twelve gloveboxes are needed to deliver 6 CTAs at the same time). After a short presentation of the whole gloveboxes chain, the paper will focus on the heart of the plant: the filling and cooling station (IRCC: 4 gloveboxes). 3 out of 4 of these gloveboxes (LCCR, LCTC and LCPC) are at the moment under commissioning at the manufacturer’s site. The last one (LCGC) has been delivered to CEA Valduc and is currently under testing with deuterium.A description of the IRCC design and specifications is given as well as the main results of the commissioning process.

AbstractThe cryogenic target assemblies (CTAs) designed for Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) experiments have many functions and have to meet severe specifications imposed by implosion physics, the CTA thermal environment, and the CTA interfaces with the Mégajoule laser cryogenic target positioner. Therefore, CTA fabrication uses many challenging materials and requires several technological studies. During the last 2 years, many developments have enabled better collection of comprehensive data on target constitutive materials and improvements in the fabrication of the CTA base, hohlraum, and aluminum turret.Studies have been carried out (a) to better characterize thermal properties of materials allowing optimization of the thermal simulation of the hohlraum, (b) to improve the CTA base fabrication process in order to optimize thermal studies of the LMJ experimental filling station (EFS), and (c) to determine coatings on the polyimide membrane that may limit the 300 K thermal effect on the microshell and increase the deuterium-tritium fuel lifetime.CTAs have been produced to evaluate fabrication knowledge, to characterize CTAs, to study air tightness, and to study filling and D2ice layering on the EFS.An overview of the results that have been obtained during the past 2 years is presented in this paper.

L'allongement de la couronne clinique est une intervention de chirurgie parodontale qui permet de conserver des dents dont la destruction compromet la p?rennit? ou dont la hauteur coronaire insuffisante ne permet pas la reconstruction. L'espace biologique doit ?tre respect? afin de r?tablir des rapports parodonto-proth?tiques corrects. Une technique vestibulaire de lambeau mixte, ?paisseur totale dans la partie coronaire et ?paisseur partielle dans la partie apicale, est d?crite. De m?me, une technique palatine avec une gingivectomie secondaire ? l'ost?o-ectomie-ost?oplastie est propos?e. Chaque ?tape est expliqu?e en fonction de la localisation de la destruction. La place de l'allongement coronaire dans le plan de traitement est d?velopp?e.Elongation of the clinical crown is a periodontal surgical technique enabling to preserve teeth whith advance destruction or insufficient crown height. The biological space should be respected in order to reestablish the correct perio-prosthetic relationships. A buccal technique employing a mixed flap of full thickness in the crown section and partial thickness in the apical section is described. Likewise, a palatine technique with gingivectomy secondary to osteoectomy-osteoplasty is proposed. Each step is explained according to the site of the damage. The place of crown elongation in the treatment plan is discussed.

AbstractAs part of the French Inertial Confinement Fusion program, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique has developed cryogenic target assemblies (CTAs) for the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) and a program in two stages for the permeation filling of these CTAs: (a) the permeation filling studies with the Study Filling Station cryostats and (b) the design and manufacturing of the whole operational chain of CTA filling facilities. This paper deals with the description of both the cryogenic studying and the filling facilities for the LMJ targets.

AbstractAs part of the French Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments, cryogenic target assemblies (CTAs) for the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) program are manufactured and filled at CEA Valduc (Dijon) in tritium facilities. They will be moved at about 20 K into a transport cryostat for cryogenic targets, and will be driven from CEA/Valduc to CEA/CESTA (Bordeaux).This paper deals with the description of the tritium facilities for the LMJ cryogenic target.Twelve gloveboxes are needed to furnish 6 CTAs at the same time. These twelve gloveboxes make a relative independent set in the Valduc tritium building and house equipment to prepare the CTAs and the different vacuum vessels, to store and purify gas, to fill and cool the targets and transport them at cryogenic temperature.

AbstractThe “CEA cryogenic target fabrication project” includes many fields as material science, and technological research on the Cryogenic Target Assembly (CTA), DT filling and cryogenic transport to the Laser “Mégajoule” (LMJ). The research program to fill and transport CTAs to LMJ in 2010 is described. During the past 2 years, many designs and prototyping have been achieved allowing, at the end of the decade, the filling of CTAs by permeation.