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The study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with a puerperal infection of pelvic origin in maternity in the interior of Bahia. Data collection was performed from the database of the Hospital Infection Control Comission (CCIH) and from patients' medical records included in the survey in May 2022, information on the occurrence of puerperal infection recorded between January and December 2021 was investigated. During the study period, there were 3,740 deliveries, among these, 2.46% of the patients had puerperal infection with a mean age of 28.8 years at the time of delivery. Regarding the delivery route, it was identified that cesarean section represents 94.6% of the total, and 65.2% of these women had a public prenatal follow-up. Antibiotic prophylaxis was performed in 76% of patients who subsequently had a puerperal infection.ll patients who received antibiotic therapy in this study were hospitalized. The high rate of cesarean sections contributes to the country's high rate of puerperal infection because cesarean section further exposes the patient and increases the risk of developing a puerperal infection during normal deliveries. In terms of risk factors for surgical wound infection, prolonged surgery time increases the likelihood of infection development. El estudio busca analizar el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de pacientes diagnosticadas con infección puerperal de origen pélvico en maternidad del interior de Bahia. La recolección de datos se realizó a partir de la base de datos de la Comisión de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias (CCIH) y de las historias clínicas de las pacientes incluidas en la investigación, en mayo de 2022, la información sobre ocurrencia de infección puerperal registrada entre los meses de enero y diciembre 2021. Durante el período estudiado, hubo 3740 partos, 2,46% de las pacientes presentaron infección puerperal, con media de 28,8 años al momento del parto. Se identificó que la cesárea representa 94,6% del total, 65,2% de estas mujeres tuvieron control prenatal público. Se realizó profilaxis antibiótica en el 76% de las pacientes que posteriormente presentaron infección puerperal. Todos los pacientes recibieron terapia antibiótica en este estudio, todos ellos en el hospital. La alta tasa de cesáreas aumenta la alta tasa de infección puerperal en el país, ya que la cesárea expone aún más a la paciente y aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar infección puerperal en relación a los partos normales. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo de infección de herida, el tiempo quirúrgico prolongado aumenta el riesgo de desarrollo de infección. O estudo busca analisar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico das pacientes com o diagnóstico de infeção puerperal de origem pélvica em uma maternidade do interior da Bahia. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do banco de dados da Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH) e de prontuários das pacientes incluídas na pesquisa, em maio de 2022, investigou-se as informações de ocorrência de infecção puerperal registradas entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2021. Durante este período houveram 3740 partos, dentre estes, 2,46% das pacientes apresentaram infecção puerperal, com idade média de 28,8 anos no momento do parto. Identificou-se que o parto cesariano representa 94,6% do total, 65,2% destas mulheres tiveram um acompanhamento de pré-natal público. Antibioticoprofilaxia foi realizada em 76% das pacientes que apresentaram posteriormente infecção puerperal. Todas as pacientes receberam antibióticoterapia, em regime de internação. O alto índice de cesáreas aumenta a taxa de infecção puerperal do país, pois a cesariana expôe ainda mais a paciente e aumenta o risco de desenvolver infecção puerperal em relação aos partos normais. No que diz respeito dos fatores de risco para infecção de ferida operatória, o tempo prolongado de cirurgia aumenta o risco para o desenvolvimento da infecção.

Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007 Bighead spurdog; Aiguillat à grosse tête (Figs 9-15; Tables 2-3) Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007: 23-29 (original description; illustrated. Type by original designation. Type locality Norfolk Ridge, south of New Caledonia, 405-411 m depth). — Ebert et al. 2013: 78, 86 (cited, description; Southwest Pacific Ocean). — Weigmann 2016: 903 (listed; Southwestern Pacific Ocean). — Bernot & Boxshall 2017: 275-276, 288 (cited, listed; New Caledonia). Squalus sp. – Séret 1994: 7 (listed; New Caledonia). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MNHN-IC-1997-3634, juvenile ♂, 520 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 24°43’1”S, 168°6’0”E, 500-600 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3635, juvenile ♀, 476 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 24°43’1”S, 168°6’0”E, 500- 600 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3636, juvenile ♀, 495 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 24°43’1”S, 168°6’0”E, 500-600 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3641 (paratype of S. bucephalus), juvenile ♀, 430 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 23°39’0”S, 167°43’59”E, 420-470 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3657, adult ♂, 705 mm TL, New Caledonia, 23°43’1”S, 168°15’0”E, 405-411 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3659, adult ♂, 805 mm TL, Stylaster Seamount, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 23°37’1”S, 167°39’0”E, 486-962 m depth; MNHN-IC-1997-3662, adult ♂, 795 mm TL, Stylaster Seamount, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 23°36’0”S, 167°40’59”E, 448-880 m depth; MNHN-IC-1998-1017, adult ♂, 810 mm TL, New Caledonia, 23°43’1”S, 168°15’0”E, 405-411 m depth; MNHN-IC-2006-1754 (holotype of S. bucephalus), juvenile ♂, 550 mm TL, Norfolk Ridge, south of New Caledonia, 23°43’S, 168°16’E, 405-411 m depth, collected on 28.XI.1993; NMNZ P 34030 (paratypes of S. bucephalus), two adult ♂, 787-802 mm TL, Stylaster Seamount, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 23°35’S, 167°42’E, 448-880 m depth. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. — Squalus bucephalus is endemic to New Caledonia in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean (Fig. 15). DIAGNOSIS. — Short-snouted dogfish shark from New Caledonia that it is distinguished from its congeners by: head conspicuously humped dorsal-posteriorly and wide, its width at mouth 13.5% (12.1-13.9%) TL; anterior margin of nostrils conspicuously bilobate and broad; mouth straight and wide, its width 8.7% (7.6-8.8%) TL; caudal fin very slender on upper and lower lobes; caudal fin elongate, its dorsal caudal margin length 24.2% (21.7-23.9%); smaller pelvic-caudal space 24.9% (23.1- 26.3%) TL. It is clearly separated from S. melanurus by snout conspicuously short, its prenarial length 1.0-1.1 times distance nostril-upper labial furrow (vs snout conspicuously elongate, its prenarial length 1.4-1.7 times distance nostril-upper labial furrow in S. melanurus), prespiracular length (12.2-14.0% TL for S. bucephalus vs 14.7-16.8% TL for S. melanurus), and preoral length (9.2-10.9% TL for S. bucephalus vs 12.6-14.3% TL for S. melanurus). It is further distinct from this species by having lower caudal lobe conspicuously white (vs conspicuously black), and dermal denticles unicuspidate and lanceolate (vs tricuspidate and rhomboid). Squalus bucephalus is also separated from S. melanurus by number of monospondylous (49 vs 41 for S. melanurus), caudal (31 vs 26-29 for S. melanurus), and total vertebrae (124 vs 114-120 for S. melanurus). REMARKS Squalus bucephalus is a deep-water dogfish shark that occurs in the continental slope between 405-962 m depth, although it is often caught at depths between 405-600 meters. It is a species with very restrict geographical distribution and whose biology is totally unknown. Females are rarely caught in New Caledonia, arousing attention for conservation and fisheries management. Studies on population size and trends, maturation, feeding and reproduction are imperative for threatened assessments of this species.

Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir, 1979 Blacktailed spurdog; Aiguillat �� queue noire (Figs 1-8, 15; Tables 1-2) Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir, 1979: 11-12 (original description, illustrated. Type by subsequent designation in Fourmanoir & Rivaton (1979). Type locality: Uatio and Boulari, New Caledonia). ��� Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979: 438-439, fig. 27 (description, illustrated, designation of type; Uatio and Boulari, New Caledonia). ��� Compagno 1984: 120 (description; Uation and Boulari, New Caledonia); 2005: 504 (listed). ��� Rivaton et al. 1990: 72, 134 (listed, New Caledonia). ��� S��ret 1994: 6-8 (cited, listed; New Caledonia). ��� S��ret et al. 1997: 104 (cited; New Caledonia). ��� Compagno & Niem 1998: 1215, 1222, 1230 (cited, listed; New Caledonia). ��� Baranes 2003: 45, 49 (cited; New Caledonia). ��� Trilles & Justine 2004: 1-21 (cited; New Caledonia). ��� Compagno et al. 2005: 77 (description; Noumea). ��� Justine 2009: 1-2 (cited; New Caledonia). ��� Fricke et al. 2011: 346 (cited; Southwestern Grande Terre, New Caledonia). ��� Weigmann 2016: 904 (listed; Southwestern Pacific Ocean). ��� Bernot & Boxshall 2017: 275-276, 286, 288 (cited, listed; New Caledonia). Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir, 1979: 11-12, 14, n. syn. (original description, illustrated. Type by subsequent designation in Fourmanoir & Rivaton (1979). Type locality: Vate, Vanuatu, formerly New Hebrides, and western New Caledonia). ��� Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979: 437-438, figs. 25-26 (description, illustrated, type designation; Vate and Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu). ��� Compagno 1984: 122-123 (description; Vate, Vanuatu); 2005: 505 (listed). ��� Rivaton et al. 1990: 72, 134 (listed, New Caledonia). ��� Kulbicki et al. 1990: 17 (listed; Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia). ��� S��ret 1994: 6-7 (cited, listed; New Caledonia). ��� Compagno & Niem 1998: 1215, 1222, 1231 (cited; Vanuatu). ��� Baranes 2003: 45, 49 (cited; Vanuatu). ��� Compagno et al. 2005: 78 (description; Vanuatu). ��� Fricke et al. 2011: 346 (cited; New Caledonia). ��� Weigmann 2016: 904 (listed; Southwestern Pacific Ocean). TYPE MATERIAL. ��� MNHN-IC-1980-0460 (holotype of S. melanurus), adult ♂, 670 mm TL, New Caledonia, 320-340 meters depth, collected by P. Fourmanoir (IRD, formerly ORSTOM) on 10.IV.1978. MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� MNHN-IC-1978-0693 (holotype of S. rancureli), adult ♂, 680 mm TL, Vate, Vanuatu, 17��30���0���S, 167��30���0���E, collected by P. Rancurel, date unknow; MNHN- IC-1987-1203 (paratype of S. rancureli), adult ♀, 640 mm TL, Vate, Vanuatu, 17��30���S, 167��30���E; MNHN-IC-1987-1204, adult ♀, 675 mm TL, Vate, Vanuatu, 17��55���1.2���S, 167��19���58.8���E; MNHN-IC-1997-3606, adult ♀, 730 mm TL, unknown locality; MNHN-IC-1997-3607, adult ♀, 750 mm TL, unknown local- ity; MNHN-IC-1997-3617, adult ♂, 680 mm TL, New Caledonia, 23��43���1���S, 168��15���0���E; MNHN-IC-1997-3619, juvenile ♀, 527 mm TL, New Caledonia, 23��43���1���S, 168��15���0���E; MNHN- IC-1997-3621, adult ♂, 647 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3622, adult ♂, 662 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3624, adult ♂, 650 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3625, adult ♂, 645 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3626, adult ♀, 650 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3627, adult ♀, 690 mmTL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-1997-3628, adult ♀, 695 mm TL, Norfolk Island, Australia; MNHN-IC-2002-1196, adult ♂, 655 mm TL, New Caledonia; MNHN-IC-2002-1197, adult ♂, 680 mm TL, New Caledonia; MNHN-IC-2002-1392, adult ♀, 665 mm TL, New Caledonia, 23��1���1���S, 166��55���1���E. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. ��� It occurs in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, surrounding waters from New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Norfolk Island (Australia) (Fig. 15). DIAGNOSIS. ��� Squalus melanurus is distinguished from all its congeners by: body conspicuously slender; conspicuous black caudal-fin lower lobe; snout obtuse and markedly elongate, its preorbital length 9.6% (10.0-10.9%) TL; more elongate distance from nostrils to tip of snout, comprising 6.9% (7.2-8.4%) TL; larger preoral length, corresponding to 12.6% (12.7-14.3%) TL; more elongate distance from spiracle to tip of snout, its length 14.7% (15.3-16.8%) TL. It is further distinct from its congeners by having broader internarial space, its width 5.1% (5.1-6.1%) TL, and more elongate second dorsal-fin spine, its length 6.2% (4.9-6.5%) TL. Squalus melanurus also differs from congeners by monospondylous vertebrae 41-41 (vs 49 for S. bucephalus vs 45-46 for S. mitsukurii vs 43-46 for S. chloroculus vs 45-47 for S. griffini vs 36-39 for S. nasutus), precaudal 85-94 (vs 78-83 for S. nasutus), and total vertebrae 114-120 (vs 124 for S. bucephalus vs 103-109 for S. nasutus). DESCRIPTION General body, snout and eyes (Figs 1, 2) Body fusiform and markedly thin throughout all its extension; body with its greatest width at head, its width 1.3 (1.0- 1.3) times trunk width and 1.8 (1.1-1.4) times abdomen width. Head flattened dorsally and conspicuously tapered, its height 0.8 (0.8-1.0) times trunk and abdomen height; head elongate, its length 23.6% (22.4-26.8%) TL. Snout obtuse at the tip and conspicuously extended, its preorbital length 9.6% (10.0-10.9%) TL; anterior margin of nostrils bi-lobed with second lobe pointed, larger and thinner than first lobe; nostrils much closer to mouth than tip of snout, its prenarial length 1.4 (1.4-1.7) times distance from nostril to upper labial furrow and 0.5 (0.6-0.6) times preoral length; internarial width 1.2 (1.1-1.3) times larger than length of eye. Eyes narrowly oval with anterior margin pointed; posterior margin of eye pointed to somewhat notched; eyes large, its length 2.7 (2.3-3.1) times greater than its height. Prespiracular length 0.6 (0.6-0.7) times prepectoral length and 1.5 (1.5-1.6) times preorbital length. Spiracles crescent and markedly constricted, its length 0.2 (0.2-0.3) times eye length, placed laterally behind the eyes. Prebranchial length 1.4 (1.3-1.4) times prespiracular length. Gill slits straight to slightly concave, very low with fifth gill slit 1.2 (1.0-1.6) times greater in height than first gill slit. Mouth and dentition (Figs 2, 6) Preoral length comprising 2.0 (1.9-2.3) times greater than mouth width. Mouth somewhat arched and very narrow, its width 0.9 (0.8-0.9) times prenarial length and 1.3 (1.1-1.3) times larger than internarial space; upper labial furrow short with slender fold, its length 2.1% (1.9-2.6%) TL; lower labial furrow also short, not reaching head laterally and lacking a fold. Teeth unicuspid and similar in both jaws; upper teeth smaller than lower teeth; mesial cutting edge convex; mesial heel notched on upper teeth and weakly notched on lower teeth; distal heel rounded; cusp short and thick, pointed obliquely; apron very short and heavy, placed at midline of the crown base. Three series of functional teeth on upper jaw and two series on lower jaw in holotype. Upper teeth rows 13-1-13; lower teeth rows 11-1-11. Dorsal fins (Fig. 3) Pre-first dorsal length 1.4 (1.2-1.4) times prepectoral length; origin of first dorsal fin prior to vertical traced at pectoralfin free rear tips. First dorsal fin upright and slender at apex with anterior margin convex and posterior margin straight to weakly concave near free rear tips; first dorsal-fin apex very narrow and rounded; first dorsal-fin free rear tip pointed; first dorsal-fin inner margin short, its length 5.8% (5.0-5.8%) TL; first dorsal fin elongate, its length 13.8% (12.9-14.1%) TL, and tall with its height 1.6 (1.5-1.8) times greater than length of first dorsal-fin inner margin. First dorsal fin length 1.0 (1.0-1.2) times length of second dorsal fin. First dorsal-fin spine short, its length 0.4 (0.3- 05) times height of first dorsal fin, and slender with base width 0.8% (0.7-1.0%) TL. Interdorsal space 1.0 (0.9-1.1) times prepectoral length, and 2.4 (2.3-3.0) times dorsalcaudal space. Pre-second dorsal length 2.7 (2.4-2.8) times prepectoral length. Second dorsal fin upright and conspicuously slender; second dorsal-fin apex rounded and lobe-like; second dorsal-fin anterior margin convex and posterior margin concave; second dorsal-fin free rear tip pointed; second dorsal-fin inner margin very short, its length 4.7% (4.1-4.8%) TL; second dorsal fin tall, its height 1.5 (1.3- 1.9) times length of second dorsal-fin inner margin. Second dorsal spine very thin, its base width 0.7% (0.7-0.9%) TL, and elongate, its length 0.9 (0.7-0.9) times height of second dorsal fin, almost reaching second dorsal fin apex; second dorsal-fin spine length 1.6 (1.1-2.0) times more elongate than length of first dorsal-fin spine. Paired fins and claspers (Figs 4, 7) Pectoral fins somewhat narrow with pectoral-fin posterior margin length 11.1% (9.3-12.0%) TL; pectoral-fin anterior margin straight, although convex distally; pectoral-fin inner margin convex; pectoral-fin posterior margin straight to weakly concave; pectoral-fin apex rounded and lobe-like; pectoral-fin free rear tips rounded; pectoral-fin anterior margin elongate, its length 1.7 (1.7-2.0) times larger than length of pectoralfin inner margin, and 1.3 (1.2-1.5) times greater in length than pectoral-fin posterior margin. Pectoral-pelvic space 0.6 (0.5-0.9) times pelvic-caudal distance. Pelvic fins small, its length 12.7% (10.4-12.2%) TL; pelvic-fin margins convex; pelvic-fin free rear tips rounded and lobe-like; origin of pelvic fins placed at midline between first and second dorsal fins, slightly nearest to first dorsal fin. Claspers rather thick and short, its inner length 1.1 (1.1-1.3) times more elongate than length of pelvic-fin inner margin; clasper groove longitudinal, dorsal and small; apopyle and hypopyle constricted, placed anterior and posteriorly in the clasper groove, respectively; rhipidion flap-like, short, and conspicuously thin, located medial-distally at the clasper. Caudal fin (Fig. 5) Caudal keel prominent, located laterally in the caudal peduncle from vertical traced at insertion of second dorsal fin to behind origin of caudal fin. Caudal fin small, its dorsal caudal margin length 0.9 (0.7-0.9) times head length, and 2.2 (1.8-4.2) times larger than length of preventral caudal margin; dorsal caudal margin straight; upper postventral caudal margin somewhat convex to straight; lower postventral caudal margin straight; preventral caudal margin convex; dorsal caudal tip pointed; ventral caudal tip pointed to weakly rounded; caudal fin very thin on upper and lower lobes, its width at caudal fork 6.3% (5.7-6.7%) TL. Dermal denticles Tricuspid and imbricate dermal denticles, very broad at crown with its length slightly greater than its width; cusps pointed and posterior; lateral cusps smaller than median cusp, although almost reaching its tip; median ridge elongate and thick, turning thin distally; lateral ridges thin and as large as median ridge; anterior margin of the crown arrow-shaped with anterior furrow oval and shallow; small lateral ridges aside anterior furrow may be present in some denticles (Fig. 8). Coloration Body greyish brown dorsally and whitish grey ventrally (Fig. 1); both dorsal fins grey, light grey at fin base, and narrowly dark grey at the apex; dorsal-fin free rear tips slightly white. Dorsal-fin spines light brown, dark brown anteriorly and white at tips (Fig. 3). Pectoral fins dark grey with pectoral-fin posterior margin somewhat whitish, although not uniform; pectoral fins light grey ventrally and white at its base (Fig. 4). Pelvic fins dark grey dorsally and whitish grey ventrally; pelvic-fin posterior margins slightly white. Caudal fin mostly grey, light grey over vertebral column; dorsal caudal margin with black upper caudal fringe small, placed distally, although not reaching dorsal caudal tip; upper postventral caudal margin broadly white till caudal fork; lower postventral caudal margin black; lower caudal lobe conspicuously black with white basal marking at origin of preventral caudal margin; black caudal stripe absent (Fig. 5). Vertebral counts 41 (41-41) monospondylous vertebrae; 85 (90-94) precaudal vertebrae; 29 (26-28) caudal vertebrae; 114 (118-120) total vertebrae. REMARKS Squalus melanurus is known to occur on upper insular slopes at depth range between 34-480 m (Fourmanoir 1979; Four- manoir & Rivaton 1979; Kulbichi et al. 1990; Compagno et al. 2005; Fricke et al. 2011). It is also observed in shallow waters in Chesterfield Islands (at 34 m), and at medium to deeper waters (between 223-790 m) in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Biology of this species is poorly known with little information about its reproduction and feeding habits available in the literature (e.g. Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979; Fowler & S��ret 2003). Studies on life-history traits such as maturation and offspring size associated to population dynamics on growth and density are of urgent concern for conservation purposes of Squalus melanurus. Paratypes of S. melanurus are apparently lost even though 17 specimens, measuring between 620-750 mm TL, were mentioned in Fourmanoir & Rivaton (1979)., Published as part of Viana, Sarah T. F. L. & De Carvalho, Marcelo R., 2018, Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir, 1979, a new junior synonym of the blacktailed spurdog S. melanurus Fourmanoir, 1979, and updated diagnosis of S. bucephalus Last, S��ret & Pogonoski, 2007 from New Caledonia (Squaliformes, Squalidae), pp. 159-177 in Zoosystema 40 (9) on pages 162-168, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a9, http://zenodo.org/record/3738290, {"references":["FOURMANOIR P. 1979. - Requins de Nouvelle-Caledonie - Nouvelles especes de requins trouvees en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Nature caledonienne 16: 11 - 14.","FOURMANOIR P. & RIVATON J. 1979. - Poissons de la pente recifale externe de Nouvelle-Caledonie et des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 1 (4): 405 - 443.","COMPAGNO L. J. V. 1984. - FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 1: Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Volume 4. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, Rome, 249 p.","RIVATON J., FOURMANOIR P., BOURRET P. & KULBICKI M. 1990. - Catalogue des poissons de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Checklist of fishes from New Caledonia. Rapport provisoire. Sciences de la Mer, Biologie marine. ORSTOM, Noumea, 170 p.","SERET B. 1994. - Chondrichthyan fishes of New Caledonia. Chondros 5 (3): 6 - 9.","SERET B., GRANDPERRIN R. & RIVATON J. 1997. - Poissons de profondeur et ressources halieutiques de la zone economique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Cybium 21: 99 - 106.","COMPAGNO L. J. V. & NIEM V. H. 1998. - Sharks, in CARPEN- TER K. E. & NIEM V. H. (eds), FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2: Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO, Rome, 1193 - 1366.","BARANES A. 2003. - Sharks from the Amirantes Islands, Seychelles, with a description of two new species of squaloids from the deep sea. Israel Journal of Zoology 49 (1): 33 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.1560 / N 4 KU-AV 5 L- 0 VFE- 83 DL","TRILLES J. P. & JUSTINE J. L. 2004. - Une nouvelle espece de Cymothoidae et trois Aegidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) recoltes sur des poissons de mer profonde au large de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Zoosystema 26 (2): 211 - 233.","COMPAGNO L. J. V., DANDO M. & FOWLER S. 2005. - Sharks of the World - Princeton Field Guides. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd., London, 368 p.","JUSTINE J. L. 2009. - A new species of Triloculotrema Kearn, 1993 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from a deep-sea shark, the blacktailed spurdog Squalus melanurus (Squaliformes: Squalidae), off New Caledonia. Systematic Parasitology 74 (1): 59 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 009 - 9202 - x","FRICKE R., KULBICKI M. & WANTIEZ L. 2011. - Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4: 341 - 463.","WEIGMANN S. 2016. - Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology 88 (3): 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874","BERNOT J. P. & BOXSHALL G. A. 2017. - A new species of Pseudopandarus Kirtisinghe, 1950 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pandaridae) from sharks of the genus Squalus L. in New Caledonian waters. Systematic Parasitology 94 (2): 275 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 016 - 9692 - 2","KULBICKI M., RANDALL J. & RIVATON J. 1990. - Checklist of the fishes of Chesterfield Islands (New Caledonia). Rapport provisoire. Sciences de la Mer, Biologie Marine. ORSTOM, Noumea, 38 p.","LAST P. R., SERET B. & POGONOSKI J. J. 2007 b. - Part 3 - Squalus bucephalus sp nov., a new short-snout spurdog from New Caledonia, in LAST P. R., WHITE W. T. & POGONOSKI J. J. (eds), Descriptions of New Dogfishes of the Genus Squalus (Squaloidea: Squalidae). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 14, Hobart: 23 - 29."]}

Squalus brevirostris: (9 specimens) ZUMT 7630 (holotype of Squalus brevirostris), adult male, 426 mm TL, Japan, Tokyo fish market; CSIRO H 6293 - 29, juvenile female, 404 mm TL, Taiwan, near I-Lan (NE coast), Tashi fish market; CSIRO H 6483 -02, adult male, 450 mm TL, off Kasasa, Kagoshima, Japan, East China Sea, 31 �� 29 ��N, 130 �� 0 2 ��E; HUMZ 95065, adult female, 465 mm TL, East China Sea, 26 �� 14.7 ��N, 124 �� 42.5 ��E; HUMZ 189762, adult male, 403 mm TL, East China Sea; HUMZ 189767, neonate male, 275 mm TL, East China Sea; KAUM-I 185, juvenile female, 500 mm TL, KAUM- I 187, adult female, 578 mm TL, KAUM-I 377, adult male, 377 mm TL, East China Sea, Japan, Kagoshima, off Kasasa, 31 �� 29 ��N, 130 �� 0 2 ��E., Published as part of Sarah T. de F. Viana & Marcelo R. de Carvalho, 2016, Redescription of Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908, a Valid Species of Spiny Dogfish from Southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae), pp. 539-553 in Copeia 104 (2) on page 552, DOI: 10.1643/Ci-14-217, http://zenodo.org/record/269591

The Bluntnose spiny dogfish Squalus acutipinnis Regan, 1908 is redescribed based on the re-examination of its type specimens and non-type material from Southern Africa. The taxonomic confusion concerning its validity is mainly related to its heterogeneous type series. Its taxonomic status is clarified as a valid species endemic to the Southwestern Indian Ocean when compared to congeners from the region and other valid species with which it has been placed in synonymy. Squalus acutipinnis can be distinguished from all species of the “megalops-cubensis group” by fewer total, precaudal, and monospondylous vertebrae (except from Squalus megalops, Squalus brevirostris, and Squalus crassispinus). Squalus acutipinnis is clearly distinct from Squalus megalops from Southern Australia and the Japanese S. brevirostris through characters of pectoral fin and external measurements. The South African species differs from S. crassispinus by having more slender first and second dorsal-fin spines. Squalus acutipinnis is al...

Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-22T23:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 The development of the state is connected with the social growth and its networks of complexity. The activity of the State in achieving its goals suffers transformations according to the social needs. Therefore, there was the need of remodeling the Absolutist State, free from any responsibility towards his subjects, to achieve the Neosocialist State, that today presents itself mainly in countries of Latin America. The Neosocialist State defends the return to the maximum State, which coordinates, regulates and performs the social and economic order; while defends simultaneously the consolidation of democratic institutions. Venezuela is one of the Latin American countries that suffers with this transformation of detachment from neoliberal ideals, that weren t capable of consolidating the social cohesion in the region, to enter in this State model concerned in ensuring a minimal existential standard. Since the beginning of the mandate of Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela, the country restructures itself politically, economically and legally to approximate itself to a socialist system based on a participative democracy, which was named by Chávez as the Socialism of the XXI Century . In the ten years of government of Hugo Chávez, due to the economic rise of oil, which is the main revenue in the GDP of the country, Venezuela obtains a considerable increase in its human development indexes, that weren t imagined in the forty years of democracy of the Pacto Punto Fijo. However, while fulfills social rights, Venezuela receives recommendations from International Organizations for violation of human rights, especially those regarding personal liberties, such as freedom of press, speech, opinion and information. This fact disturbs the participation of Venezuela in economic groups such as the Common South Market and the not yet formed Union of South American Nations, that are essential for the progress of Venezuela and South America itself in the international relations. In this paper, there will be presented some reflexions about the weakening of Venezuelan s democracy, according to the socialist proposal of Hugo Chavez s, named Socialism of the XXI Century , that uses the implementation of social rights in a country where 27.6% of the population is in the range of poverty, to legitimate the reforms in the Venezuelan legal system that gives him authoritarian powers. Keyowords: Neosocialist State. Venezuela. Social Rights. Fall of Venezuelan Democracy Amendments in the Constitution. Freedom of Speech. A evolução do Estado está intrinsecamente relacionada ao desenvolvimento social e suas redes de complexidades. A atividade do Estado na consecução de seus objetivos sofre transformações conforme as necessidades sociais. Por isto, houve a necessidade de remodelação do Estado Absolutista, isento de qualquer responsabilidade perante os seus súditos, para se alcançar o Estado Neossocialista que, hoje se apresenta, principalmente, em países da América Latina. O Estado Neossocialista defende o retorno ao Estado máximo, que coordena, regula e exerce tanto a ordem econômica quanto a social; enquanto que propugna, simultaneamente, a consolidação de instituições democráticas. A Venezuela é um dos países latino-americanos que sofrem por esta mutação de distanciamento aos ideais neoliberais, que não foram capazes de consolidar a coesão social na região, para adentrar neste modelo de Estado preocupado em garantir um padrão mínimo existencial. Desde o início do mandato de Hugo Chávez como Presidente da Venezuela, o país se reestrutura política, econômica e juridicamente para se aproximar de um sistema socialista fundado numa democracia participativa, que foi denominado por Chávez de Socialismo do Século XXI . Nos dez anos de governo de Hugo Chávez, em virtude da ascensão econômica do petróleo, que é a principal renda do PIB do país, a Venezuela obtém um incremento considerável nos seus índices de desenvolvimento humano, que não foram imaginados nos 40 anos de democracia do Pacto Punto Fijo. Todavia, ao passo que efetiva direitos sociais, a Venezuela recebe recomendações de Organismos Internacionais por violação aos direitos humanos, principalmente aqueles voltados para as liberdade individuais, como a liberdade de expressão, de imprensa, de opinião e de informação. Tal fato conturba a participação da Venezuela em blocos econômicos, como o Mercado Comum do Sul, e a ainda não formada União das Nações Sul-Americanas, que são essenciais para o progresso da Venezuela e da própria América do Sul nos foros internacionais. Nesta dissertação, serão apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre o enfraquecimento da democracia venezuelana, conforme a proposta socialista de Hugo Chávez, entendida como o Socialismo do Século XXI , que se utiliza da implementação de direitos sociais num país onde 27,6% da população se encontra na faixa de pobreza, para legitimar as reformas no ordenamento jurídico venezuelano que lhe consolidam poderes autoritários. Palavras-chave: Estado Neossocialista. Venezuela. Direitos Sociais. Colapso da Democracia venezuelana. Reformas a Constituição. Liberdade de Expressão.