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Background: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is caused by new world hantaviruses, among which Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is endemic to Chile and Southern Argentina. The disease caused by ANDV produces plasma leakage leading to enhanced vascular permeability and has a high case fatality rate (35%), mainly due to respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and myocardial dysfunction, hypoperfusion and shock. Host sociodemographic and genetic factors might influence the course and outcome of the disease. Yet, they have not been thoroughly characterized. Aim: To evaluate sociodemographic factors as risk factors in severity of HCPS. Patients and Methods: Study period: 2004-20013, attending in eight collaborative centers, etiological diagnosis was performed by serology or molecular biology, mild and severe HCPS were compared.139 Chilean patients were analyzed, 64 (46%) with severe disease among which 12 (19 %) died. Results: European ethnicity had 5,1 times higher risk than Amerindian ethnic group to develop a severe HCPS, greater seriousness that was also associated with an urban residence. Conclusion: It was observed that ethnicity and type of residence were significant risk factors for HCPS severity. Hypotheses explaining these findings are discussed.

National audience; Dans le contexte actuel de baisse continue de la consommation de viande chevaline en France, ces recherches s’intéressent aux freins et leviers mobilisables pour développer ce marché. Elles s’appuient sur une revue de littérature, le traitement de base de données préexistantes et des enquêtes qualitatives et quantitatives auprès du grand public et de chefs cuisiniers. Le premier levier identifié est lié à la visibilité et disponibilité de l’offre, afin d’accroitre la fréquence d’achat des consommateurs actuels. Un second levier s’appuie sur les caractéristiques de la viande de cheval qui peuvent lui permettre de répondre aux enjeux actuels de durabilité de de l’alimentation. Enfin, parmi les Français non-consommateurs de viande chevaline, 15% seraient prêts à consommer de la viande chevaline s’ils en avaient l’occasion, majoritairement chez des proches ou au restaurant. Développer la présence de viande chevaline en restauration commerciale apparait donc comme un moyen pertinent de familiariser de nouveaux consommateurs potentiels à ce produit. Ceci implique de pallier le manque de connaissances des chefs cuisiniers envers ce produit et le manque d’un répertoire de recettes.

Background Longitudinal cohort studies provide important information about the clinical effectiveness of an intervention in the routine clinical setting, and are an opportunity to understand how a population presents for treatment and is managed. Methods INTEREST IN CD2 (NCT01753349) is a prospective, international, 3-year, longitudinal, observational study following the course of adult idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD) treated with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A). The primary objective is to document long-term patient satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment. Here we report baseline data. Results This analysis includes 1036 subjects (67.4% of subjects were female; mean age was 54.7 years old; mean TWSTRS Total score was 31.7). BoNT-A injections were usually given in line with BoNT-A prescribing information. The most commonly injected muscles were splenius capitis (87.3%), sternocleidomastoid (82.6%), trapezius (64.3%), levator scapulae (40.9%) and semispinalis capitis (26.9%); 35.5% of subjects were injected using a guidance technique. Most subjects (87.8%) had been previously treated with BoNT-A (median interval between last pre-study injection and study baseline was 4 months); of these 84.8% reported satisfaction with BoNT-A treatment at peak effect during their previous treatment cycle and 51.5% remained satisfied at the end of the treatment. Analyses by geographical region revealed heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics and BoNT-A injection practice of CD subjects presenting for routine treatment. Conclusions These baseline analyses provide sizeable data regarding the epidemiology and clinical presentation of CD, and demonstrate an international heterogeneity of clinical practice. Future longitudinal analyses of the full 3-year study will explore how these factors impact treatment satisfaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-017-8698-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

International audience; This chapter aims to present the methodology and main results of a research focusing on the short-term economic, social and environmental impacts, as well as the long-term legacy of the Alltech FEI World Equestrian Games™ 2014 in Normandy (2014 WEG). Then it compares this event with Landsmót 2016, underlying that they have a lot in common behind their apparent differences. Finally, it can be concluded that equestrian events have various impacts for local areas that host them and participate in regional development. In order to optimize that, actions have to be implemented with sustainability in mind, taking into account economic, social and environmental aspects.

National audience; Les équidés, de par leur nature et leur place au sein de la société, ont un rôle à jouer dans le contexte de prise de conscience écologique actuel. Ils sont présentés dans ce projet comme acteurs multifonctionnels, rendant des services environnementaux. Ces derniers sont nommés « atouts verts ». Afin de centraliser les données disponibles à ce sujet au sein des différents pays Européens, l’outil ODEFI (Outil de collecte de Données Environnementales des Filières équines Internationales) a été développé. Il donne lieu à une base de données permettant d’améliorer notre connaissance sur les atouts verts des filières équines européennes. En 2020-2021, huit pays ont été enquêtés (France, Belgique, Suède, Croatie, Pologne, Slovénie, Roumanie et Allemagne) au travers de 58 indicateurs.Une grande hétérogénéité entre pays apparait concernant la disponibilité des données. Néanmoins, une première typologie peut être dessinée avec trois groupes de pays : (1) le cheval, outil agricole en élevage extensif ; (2) le cheval sportif ou de loisir, associé à un regain d’intérêt pour sa force motrice ; (3) un intermédiaire entre les deux situations précédentes. La collecte se poursuit auprès d’autres pays afin d’affiner les résultats et de dresser un panorama des atouts verts européens le plus complet possible.

International audience; In the context of leisure sports, many people are leaving sporting clubs to self- organize (Chillet 2019), alone or with other consumers (Heinonen, Campbell, and Ferguson 2019). This poses a problem for clubs and sport federations as it leads to a decrease in members’ number (Eslan, Vial, Costa and Rollet 2019). This presentation will review the literature on value co- creation (VCC) / prosumption to understand (i) what determines consumer participation in the produc- tion process and (ii) whether the service offering of a firm using value co-creation could substitute for consumer self-organization. We first present the determinants and consequences of consumer participa- tion in a co-creation process with a business or among consumers. This part highlights the crucial role of value in customer decisions, introducing the value creation process described in the second part. Thirdly, we propose an integrative approach of value co-creation in the choice of service production applied to self-organized activities. Prosumption, the act of consuming and producing, allows con- sumers to personalize their products or services. If this process is carried out in relation with several actors (professionals, consumer groups, organizations or individuals), we speak of value co- creation, with personalization often mainly managed by companies. Leclercq, Hammedi, and Poncin (2016) defines co-creation as “a joint process during which value is reciprocally created for each actor (individu- als, organizations or networks)” to interact and exchange resources. In line with Heinonen, Jaakkola, and Neganova (2018), we posit that C to C co- creation depends on the value inherent in the interaction between the customer and the provider, but also emerging from the interactions between customers. Prior research has shown the importance of motivations for en- gaging in prosumption. Its antecedents are rooted in either the cus- tomer’s buying experience or the decision-making process. Carrying out a project of prosumption requires knowledge, skills, community seeking and time (Wolf, Albinsson, and Becker 2015). Heinonen et al. (2018) show a range of drivers of C to C interactions induced by firms, situations or customers (motivations), these are either for dif- ferent social or personal benefits. Benefits are thus emotional value or reinforcement of affective (i.e., emotional) and network (i.e., so- cial) values for focal clients through the playful and ludic behav- iors of other clients (Kim, Byon, and Baek 2019). In sport, C to C co-creation studies show that the presence of interactions motivates participants, thereby enhancing consumer experience (Kolyperas, Maglaras, and Sparks 2019). Moreover, willingness to participate to future co-creation activities depends on past experience, thus on the consequences of the process influenced by moderators such as trust or demographic determinants. These moderators act either before, during or after VCC process. Furthermore, in line with Aurier, Evrard, and N’Goala (2004), we integrate overall perceived value as a consequence of VCC pro- cess. The sacrifices made and the benefits perceived constitute over- all perceived value. It goes beyond the profit to cost ratio shown by Xie, Bagozzi, and Troye (2008), which is not only an economic benefit or cost. However, if this overall value is in favour of sac- rifice, consumers will turn to outsourcing rather than prosumption. The relationship between value creation and process outcomes then underlines the central role of value in the consumer’s decision to par- ticipate in production, especially under the influence of overall per- ceived value, as some components of value seem more decisive than others in consumer participation. The absence of certain components may lead to the co-creation process being halted. Our position herein is to analyze value creation resulting from consumer interactions and components of this value as preferential judgments. We propose an integrative picture of the different dimensions of value based on Holbrook (2002) and Aurier et al. (2004). The above criteria have thus resulted in a typology that breaks down the value into four main components: instrumental, hedonic, social and spiritual value. We enrich the spiritual value component with holistic value (Lai 1995) which is the perceptual benefits that depends on how compatible or coherent this consumption is perceived by the consumer. Furthermore, we support Medberg and Heinonen (2014) research on the influence of invisible values. These authors consider that value creation emerges either by the companies, in the relation- ship between companies and customers, or by the customer alone. Thus, spiritual value also refers to shared moral value as the adequa- cy between customers’ own moral standards and the standards of the other stakeholder. Corneloup (2016) in climbing activity shows an opposition of practitioners according to their practice style. Califor- nian-style practitioners focused on their relationship with nature and do not wish a more competitive form motivated by quick climbing on an artificial wall. Moreover, responsibility value is defined as the firm’s “practice of responsibility and integrity towards its custom- ers”. Both values relate indirectly to how the companies operate, then they can be integrated as intrinsic others-orientated approach. For heritage value, based on the history of the customer and its rela- tives with the company, we consider it more as social value, as heri- tage exclusively depends on consumption experience of the customer and its relatives. Like the relationship value, defined as a long-term relationship between actors, these values are based specifically on the clients’ own logic. This critical qualitative analysis of VCC literature tries to un- derstand why consumers do engage in VCC with companies or in C to C. The analysis of value components highlights invisible values that may explain why consumers prefer to co-create with others than with firms. Indeed, when consumers do not find all value dimensions they are looking for in the professional structures, then they drop out of professional structures. Future researches should focus on supply and demand adequacy to restructure service offer for companies, and confirm the integrative approach of value in the analysis of consum- ers’ participation to co- creation. Firms have leverage if they take into account the value dimensions in the co- creation process in order to recapture consumers organized in C to C, but also, on a critical perspective, to find out what occurs when consumers are not able to co-create, do not want or see value in the process.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus (SCPH) es causado en Chile y en el sur de Argentina por el Andes hantavirus (ANDV), el que es endémico en esta zona. La enfermedad causada por ANDV produce un aumento de permeabilidad vascular y filtración de plasma con una alta tasa de letalidad (35%), debido principalmente a insuficiencia respiratoria por edema pulmonar y al desarrollo en los casos graves de compromiso miocárdico, hipoperfusión y shock. Aunque se sabe que los factores socio-demográficos del hospedero pueden influir en el curso y el resultado de la enfermedad, estos no se han caracterizado previamente en la población chilena. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre los factores socio-demográficos y la gravedad del SCPH. Pacientes y Métodos: Período de análisis 2004-20013, pacientes atendidos en ocho centros colaboradores, diagnóstico etiológico serológico o por biología molecular, se comparan SCPH leve y grave. Se analizaron 139 pacientes chilenos, 64 (46%) con enfermedad grave, entre los cuales 12 murieron (19%). Resultados: La etnia europea tuvo un riesgo 5,1 veces mayor de desarrollar un SCPH grave que la etnia amerindia, gravedad mayor que también se asoció a una residencia urbana. Conclusiones: Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre etnia, lugar de residencia y evolución de SCPH. Se discuten hipótesis que expliquen estos hallazgos.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome cardiopulmonar por hantavirus (SCPH) es causado en Chile y en el sur de Argentina por el Andes hantavirus (ANDV), el que es endémico en esta zona. La enfermedad causada por ANDV produce un aumento de permeabilidad vascular y filtración de plasma con una alta tasa de letalidad (35%), debido principalmente a insuficiencia respiratoria por edema pulmonar y al desarrollo en los casos graves de compromiso miocárdico, hipoperfusión y shock. Aunque se sabe que los factores socio-demográficos del hospedero pueden influir en el curso y el resultado de la enfermedad, estos no se han caracterizado previamente en la población chilena. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre los factores socio-demográficos y la gravedad del SCPH. Pacientes y Métodos: Período de análisis 2004-20013, pacientes atendidos en ocho centros colaboradores, diagnóstico etiológico serológico o por biología molecular, se comparan SCPH leve y grave. Se analizaron 139 pacientes chilenos, 64 (46%) con enfermedad grave, entre los cuales 12 murieron (19%). Resultados: La etnia europea tuvo un riesgo 5,1 veces mayor de desarrollar un SCPH grave que la etnia amerindia, gravedad mayor que también se asoció a una residencia urbana. Conclusiones: Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre etnia, lugar de residencia y evolución de SCPH. Se discuten hipótesis que expliquen estos hallazgos. Background: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is caused by new world hantaviruses, among which Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is endemic to Chile and Southern Argentina. The disease caused by ANDV produces plasma leakage leading to enhanced vascular permeability and has a high case fatality rate (35%), mainly due to respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and myocardial dysfunction, hypoperfusion and shock. Host sociodemographic and genetic factors might influence the course and outcome of the disease. Yet, they have not been thoroughly characterized. Aim: To evaluate sociodemographic factors as risk factors in severity of HCPS. Patients and Methods: Study period: 2004-20013, attending in eight collaborative centers, etiological diagnosis was performed by serology or molecular biology, mild and severe HCPS were compared.139 Chilean patients were analyzed, 64 (46%) with severe disease among which 12 (19 %) died. Results: European ethnicity had 5,1 times higher risk than Amerindian ethnic group to develop a severe HCPS, greater seriousness that was also associated with an urban residence. Conclusion: It was observed that ethnicity and type of residence were significant risk factors for HCPS severity. Hypotheses explaining these findings are discussed.

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is caused by new world hantaviruses, among which Andes hantavirus (ANDV) is endemic to Chile and Southern Argentina. The disease caused by ANDV produces plasma leakage leading to enhanced vascular permeability and has a high case fatality rate (35%), mainly due to respiratory failure, pulmonary edema and myocardial dysfunction, hypoperfusion and shock. Host sociodemographic and genetic factors might influence the course and outcome of the disease. Yet, they have not been thoroughly characterized.To evaluate sociodemographic factors as risk factors in severity of HCPS.Study period: 2004-20013, attending in eight collaborative centers, etiological diagnosis was performed by serology or molecular biology, mild and severe HCPS were compared.139 Chilean patients were analyzed, 64 (46%) with severe disease among which 12 (19 %) died.European ethnicity had 5,1 times higher risk than Amerindian ethnic group to develop a severe HCPS, greater seriousness that was also associated with an urban residence.It was observed that ethnicity and type of residence were significant risk factors for HCPS severity. Hypotheses explaining these findings are discussed.