Search

Straipsnyje pateikiama retrospektyvi Kristijono Donelaičio poemos „Metai“ vertimų publikacijų latvių kalba analizė ir atskleidžiama, kaip latvių skaitytojas palaipsniui susipažino su K. Donelaičio asmenybe, o per „Metų“ fragmentų vertimus – ir su jo poezijos pasauliu. Straipsnio uždavinys – atkreipti dėmesį į K. Donelaičio „Metų“ poemos vertėjus latvių ir lietuvių kultūrinių ryšių kontekste. Ypač išsiskiria Andrejo Dyrikio, Janio Rainio ir Paulo Kalvos atlikti darbai, populiarinę K. Donelaičio kūrybą. It took quite a long time for the poem "The Seasons" by Kristijonas Donelaitis to have a full translation in Latvian – up to the second half of the 20th century. The first translation – some fragments of the poem – were made by a pastor in Kurzeme, Carl Friedrich Watson, and published in the twenties of the 19th century. The first thorough publication about K. Donelaitis himself was written by Andrejs Dīriķis (in 1874) who regularly covered Lithuanian culture in Latvian press in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. The translation of "The Seasons" made by the Latvian poet Rainis in the eighties of the 19th century unfortunately has not survived. In the thirties and forties of the 20th century the translation of the poem was initiated by the writer and promoter of Latvian – Lithuanian cultural ties Emīls Skujenieks. In 1963 and 2006 two different versions of translation made by the poet Paulis Kalva were published. The recent publications of comparative literary studies give us evidence, that further research of the translations in Latvian of the Donelaitis poem, especially using new sources, is rather promising.

Darbas sudarytas iš dviejų pagrindinių dalių: Skandinavijos literatūrų aprašymo ir bibliografinių duomenų. Čia nagrinėjami grožinės literatūros vertimai iš skandinavų kalbų (islandų, danų, norvegų, švedų) į lietuvių kalbą. Kiekvienos šalies literatūra aprašoma atskirai. Trumpai aptariama grožinės literatūros istorija, suaugusiems ir vaikams skirta literatūra, pristatomi pagrindiniai vertėjai. Didesnis dėmesys skiriamas garsesniems autoriams. Be to, fiksuoti verstų iš skandinavų kalbų grožinių tekstų bibliografiniai duomenys. Didžioji dalis lietuviškai išleistų knygų yra sąrašuose. Pastebėta, jog skandinavų literatūrų glaudus tarpusavio ryšys neturi įtakos jos vertimams į lietuvių kalbą. Jungiančia grandimi tampa vertėjai, verčiantys iš kelių skandinavų kalbų. Vertimai iš skandinavų kalbų į lietuvių kalbą glaudžiai susiję su politiniais, ekonominiais, ideologiniais faktoriais, bet lemiantis yra vertėjo vaidmuo. Tik vertėjų iniciatyva lietuviška knygų erdvė papildoma itin vertingais tekstais. Šis darbas savo esme – enciklopedinis, todėl fiksuota įvairi informacija, galinti praplėsti skaitytojo žinias apie skandinavų autorius ir kūrinius, bet nekartojama visuotinai žinoma ar prieinama informacija apie autorių biografiją ir išleistus kūrinius. The work consists of two main parts: description of Scandinavian literatures and bibliographic data. It analyses translations of fiction from Scandinavian languages (Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) into Lithuanian language. Each country’s literature is described separately. The work briefly discusses histories of literatures, literatures for adults and children and presents main translators. Greater attention is paid to more famous authors. Moreover, the work provides bibliographic data on fiction translated from Scandinavian languages. Most of the books published in Lithuanian language are included in the lists. It was noted that the close relation among Scandinavian literatures has no impact on their translations into Lithuanian. Translators who translate from several Scandinavian languages become the connective link. Translations from Scandinavian languages into Lithuanian are closely related to political, economic, ideological factors; however the translator plays a crucial role alongside these factors. Only due to the translators the Lithuanian book space is augmented with especially valuable texts. In its essence, this work is encyclopaedic; therefore it provides various information that could expand reader’s knowledge in Scandinavian authors and their works, though it does not repeat universally known or available information on the authors' biographies and published works.

LITHUANIAN FICTION TRANSLATIONS IN 1990–2005 The main focus of this Master’s Thesis is the synthesis of translations of Lithuanian fiction from 1990 to 2005. This paper seeks to depict the general situation of translations of Lithuanian fiction. It sets out the specific features and highlights the current situation and trends in the translations of Lithuanian fiction. Some aspects of cultural policy are reviewed, as well. Only translated books of Lithuanian authors are selected for analysis in this paper. It aims to discover and evaluate the contemporary situation of translations of Lithuanian fiction. This way several tasks are undertaken to meet the purpose of the paper. Firstly, the significance of translations to culture is discussed. Secondly, it seeks to depict Lithuanian fiction translations until 1998, before non-commercial organisation „Lietuviškos knygos“ (Books from Lithuania) was founded. Also the guidelines and activities of „Lietuviškos knygos” are analysed. A more thorough analysis of the activities of „Lietuviškos knygos“ is based on the opinions and remarks made by the founders, translators, publishers in Lithuania and abroad, the experts that decide on works to be translated and benefit from „Lietuviškos knygos” grants. Thirdly, the paper compares „Lietuviškos knygos” with similar institutions abroad. Organisation Norla in Norway is one of the examples. Moreover, the paper is ambitious to gather every piece of information in a wide array of sources available in the field. The selected data is analysed in several respects. Firstly, it looks at the quantity of works translated. Secondly, it looks at the languages the works were translated to. Thirdly, it looks at the year of the translations performed. Fourthly, it looks at the genre of the translated works. Lastly, it looks at the number of copies in the edition. This effort helps to understand and estimate current situation and general trends in translation of Lithuanian fiction. There are several conclusions that are drawn in the paper. Mainly, it is in the best interest of the small nations to promote translations of their own native literature. To meet this end the proper cultural policy strategies should be created and applied. There were fewer translations performed before „Lietuviškos knygos“ was founded. There was no Lithuanian fiction translations promotion and registration system in Lithuania. In order to promote Lithuanian fiction translations „Lietuviškos knygos“ works as literary information centre and as translation promoting fund. The lack of authors, who can/could write bestsellers, the lack of experienced translators, poor sponsorship of the organisation and other factors influenced the fact, that there are not as many translated Lithuanian fiction books after 1998 as it was initially thought. In comparison with Norway, Lithuania is lagging behind its standard. However, it should be emphasized that under the influence of „Lietuviškos knygos“ more of the Lithuanian fiction translations were published since 1998. Nevertheless, it remains necessary to broaden the scope of activities of „Lietuviškos knygos“ and to create new opportunities to offer Lithuanian fiction translations to foreign publishers.

Modern means of communication have brought about considerable changes in the way people communicate. On the other hand, the new means of communication have also considerably influenced and changed the languages: the human verbal expression is becoming both more generalized and compressed. Moreover, it is becoming obscure and often – vague, especially in public speeches of politicians. The report summarizes the ideas and approaches on the issue of vagueness in public speeches and its implications for conference interpreters, both at linguistic and communicative (discourse) level. The author analyses the possible reasons of vagueness, provides her approach of identifying speaker’s vague expression and suggests possible strategies and techniques for novice conference interpreters in dealing with vagueness of expression in public speeches. The report analyzes vagueness from two different angles: macroscopic or philosophical – related to the speaker’s incomplete conceptual system, and microscopic or linguistic – related to the speaker’s incomplete linguistic knowledge. The author outlines both the problems associated with vagueness, as well as advantages of using vagueness in public discourse. Vagueness creates difficulties not only for interpreters in carrying out their professional duties. It is notoriously abused by politicians and bureaucrats. The report compares two similar linguistic phenomena: ambiguity and vagueness pointing out their common features and distinctions... [to full text] Dabartinės bendravimo priemonės pastebimai pakeitė žmonių bendravimą. Jos paveikė ir kalbą: kalbinė raiška tampa vis labiau apibendrinta ir glausta. Be to, kalba darosi sunkiau suprantama, dažnai miglota, ypač politikų kalbose. Straipsnyje apibendrinamos viešųjų kalbų neaiškumo problemos ir pateikiami lingvistiniai ir komunikaciniai patarimai vertėjams. Autorė analizuoja neaiškumo priežastis ir siūlo galimas strategijas ir technikas verčiant viešąsias kalbas. Straipsnyje neaiškumas (miglotumas) analizuojamas dviem aspektais: makroskopiniu, arba filosofiniu, – susijusiu su kalbėtojo nedarnia konceptualiąja sistema, ir mikroskopiniu, arba lingvistiniu, susijusiu su kalbėtojo lingvistinėmis žiniomis. Autorė nurodo problemas, susijusias su neaiškumu, taip pat išskiria viešojo diskurso neaiškumo privalumus. Neaiškumas sudaro sunkumų vertėjams, o politikai ir biurokratai juo piktnaudžiauja. Straipsnyje lyginami du panašūs kalbiniai reiškiniai: dviprasmiškumas ir neaiškumas, išskiriami bendri jų bruožai ir lingvistiniai bei vertimo skirtumai. Dviprasmiškumas yra suprantamas kaip reikšmės, neaiškumas – kaip supratimo problema. Kadangi dviprasmiškumas yra būdingas reiškinys šnekamajame diskurse, vertėjai turi keletą strategijų ir technikų jam išvengti. Neaiškumas, priešingai, gali būti laikomas ekstremalia sąlyga verčiant, pavyzdžiui, sudėtingos sintaksinės struktūros ar labai greitas kalbėjimas. Autorė siūlo įvairių vertimo strategijų ir technikų, kurios galėtų būti vartojamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti internetinę, lengvai eksploatuojamą sistemą lietuvių kalba. Sistema pateikiama kaip alternatyva komercinėms vertimo atminčių sistemoms ir atlieka panašias funkcijas. Tačiau nuo jau sukurtų sistemų ji skiriasi tiek grafine vartotojo sąsaja, tiek daugeliu funkcijų, tiek tuo, kad tai – internetinė versija, kurios nereikia pirkti ir specialiai diegti savo kompiuteryje. Sistema leidžia lengvai redaguoti verčiamą dokumentą ir vykdo verčiamų terminų paiešką esamoje duomenų bazėje bei tekste pasiūlo naudoti surastas terminų reikšmes ar žodžių junginius, taip palengvindama ir supaprastindama tekstų vertimą. Ši pagalbinė vertimo priemonė pasitarnaus kaip vertimo proceso sutrumpinimo ir palengvinimo priemonė. This article discusses the following: the usage of translation memories in Lithuania, the advantages and disadvantages of automated translation as well as translation memories, the process of establishment of internet translation system of foreign terms based on translation memory principles, user guides for established system. The main purpose of this work is to create a free and easy to use software for translating texts and specify the documentation for this system. Based on reseach of the usage and properties of alternative systems, author describes the main requirements and specifications for the translation system of foreign terms as well as properties of established system. Established system works as translation assistant for translating similar texts and it is integrated with terminology management database. The first established lithuanian translation system is as an alternative to foreign translation memories and it helps: to unify terminology of high technologies such as Real time systems and Smart house, to save time of translation process, to increase productivity and quality of translation process.

Spausdinama I. Kantui skirtos lietuviškosios literatūros bibliografija, kurios tikslas – sukaupti į vieną vietą I. Kanto raštų vertimus bei jo palikimą ir asmenybę liečiančius darbus lietuvių kalba nuo pat pirmųjų straipsnių pasirodymo XIX a. iki 1974 m. pabaigos. Bibliografiją sudaro 261 pozicija, išspausdinta 1864–1974 metais, kuri apima: I. Kanto raštų vertimus, bendro pobūdžio nagrinėjimus ir vertinimus, specialesni kurio nors I. Kanto filosofijos klausimo ar jo įnašo atskiriems mokslams nagrinėjimai, I. Kanto kilmės bei jo įnašo į lietuvių kultūrą klausimai bei kita.