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The alignment between educational attainment and job type is expected to create a win-win solution from both the labor supply and demand perspectives. Despite these expectations, challenges remain in fully realizing such alignment within labor markets. In Indonesia, vertical mismatch continues to be a significant concern, particularly among the youth. Vocational education is predicted to be able to close that gap. This study aims to (1) analyze the impacts of vocational education toward vertical mismatch and (2) examine the impact of vertical mismatch on decent income among young people in Indonesia. Using Sakernas microdata analyzed using logistic regression method, the study finds that youth who complete vocational education are less likely to experience vertical mismatch. Furthermore, youth who are matched or overeducated have higher chances of earning a decent income. These findings underscore the needs of vocational education curriculum aligned with labor market demands.

Abstract Using a micro dataset from labour force survey of Turkey and employing a multinomial logistic regression, this paper examines the determinants of mere overeducation, mere field of study mismatch and full-mismatch (who are both overeducated and field of study mismatched simultaneously). The target group consists of full-time wage-based employees who graduated from higher education and are aged 20–65. The determinants of mismatch are analysed under four variable groups which are labour market context, demography, field of study and job-specific characteristics. In line with the earlier empirical evidence, we find that the unfavourable economic conditions at the time of entry into the labour market might affect the behavioural pattern of individuals while searching for a matching job. Moreover, the sharp increase in university graduates increased further the fierce competition for the limited jobs available in the labour market, and resulted in a high likelihood of mismatch especially for the recent graduates. In sum, the estimation results yield that any mismatch category is responsive to those determinants where fully-mismatched employees are more responsive. Hence, we propose that the policy implications should better focus on the full-mismatch category.

This study investigates the vertical and horizontal mismatches among highly-educated employees in Japan. The critical point of view is that job-education mismatches lead to the waste of human capital accumulated during undergraduate or graduate study years and bring adverse consequences-earnings penalties. The main contribution of our study is that it is the first attempt to investigate both vertical and horizontal mismatches using Japanese data. Our analysis reveals that vertical mismatch is more likely to significantly lower annual earnings than horizontal mismatch for both men and women. We also find that it mainly applies to university graduates, and no significant penalty exists among employees with a graduate degree. Additionally, horizontal mismatch is more common among female employees and the penalty for overeducation is severely pronounced in the fields of natural sciences, medicine, and pharmacy.

AbstractOvereducation poses a significant challenge in the job market, impacting both job mobility and wage. This study aimed to examine the influence of overeducation experience on two key factors, including 1) the probability of experiencing overeducation again in the current job and 2) the level of wage obtained from the current job. We use data from four surveys of National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS): February 2017, 20 August 17, February 2018, and August 2018. We employed the Multinomial Logistic Regression and a Fixed Effect Model analysis. The results showed that workers who had previously experienced overeducation in their past jobs faced a 31.64% probability of re-experiencing it. This probability was lower than the likelihood of transitioning to a matched job, which stood at 67.35%, hence, overeducation served as a transitional phase toward obtaining a suitable job. Additionally, this study found a wage disparity of 16.2% between workers with overeducation experience and those with matched experience when transitioning to a matched job. Interestingly, no wage difference was observed between the two groups when transitioning to overeducation jobs. In conclusion, training programs should be performed to enhance the productivity of new workers to enable them to adapt more quickly to the work environment and avoid wage penalties.

Using a micro dataset from labour force survey of Turkey and employing a multinomial logistic regression, this paper examines the determinants of mere overeducation, mere field of study mismatch and full-mismatch (who are both overeducated and field of study mismatched simultaneously). The target group consists of full-time wage-based employees who graduated from higher education and are aged 20–65. The determinants of mismatch are analysed under four variable groups which are labour market context, demography, field of study and job-specific characteristics. In line with the earlier empirical evidence, we find that the unfavourable economic conditions at the time of entry into the labour market might affect the behavioural pattern of individuals while searching for a matching job. Moreover, the sharp increase in university graduates increased further the fierce competition for the limited jobs available in the labour market, and resulted in a high likelihood of mismatch especially for the recent graduates. In sum, the estimation results yield that any mismatch category is responsive to those determinants where fully-mismatched employees are more responsive. Hence, we propose that the policy implications should better focus on the full-mismatch category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara University SBF Journal / Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi is the property of Ankara University SBF Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the nationally representative micro-level dataset, the present paper investigates the prevalence of education-job mismatches and their effects on individual and aggregate earnings in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows that the incidence of education-job mismatches varies across both individual and employment characteristics, and, in particular, across industries. We find that relative to being well-matched, vertical and horizontal mismatches have negative effects on individual earnings, while the penalty for being both vertically and horizontally mismatched is the greatest. Importantly, the study develops a theoretical model explaining the link between productivity and mismatch and quantifies the aggregate productivity gains that would result from reducing the levels of education-job mismatches in the labor market. The counterfactual analysis suggests that the country's output will increase on average by 11.3% if the level of education-job mismatch is reduced across all industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the incidence of vertical mismatch among formal and informal workers in Thailand. Using the 2011, 2013, and 2015 Thailand Household Socio-economic Surveys, the study analyzes the relationship between vertical mismatch and wage penalties and premiums across four types of workers: formal government, formal private firm, informal private firm, and informal own-account workers. The incidence of overeducation is modest among the oldest cohort (8.7%) but prevalent among the youngest cohort (29.3%). Government employees face the highest overeducation wage penalties (28.2%) compared to matched workers, while in private firms, informal workers have consistently higher overeducation wage penalties than formal workers. Educated young workers are increasingly absorbed into low-skill informal work in private firms and face large overeducation wage penalties. The inability of many young workers to capitalize on their educational investments in Thailand's formal labor market is a concern for future education and employment policy development in Thailand.

As the leading sector of the national economy through its contribution, the manufacturing industry sector in Indonesia was precisely filled with the dominance of vertical mismatch or mismatch between education levels and types of work based on the 2015 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). The negative effects of vertical mismatch have an impact on the low wages earned by labor because investment at the education level is not maximally used when working. This paper aims to study the tendency of vertical mismatch to labor wages in the manufacturing industry sector by training, education level, region, & generation using descriptive analysis methods (crosstabulation & graphics) and Cramer's V to see the correlation with August 2015 Sakernas data. The results of research with the total sample of 1,259 workers shows that vertical mismatch is significantly related to labor wage with the tendency of workers who are overqualified to face low wages. In addition, overqualified workers occur in all regions of Indonesia with the characteristics of younger generations and Diploma IV / S1 graduates. The conclusion of this paper is that industrial labors in Indonesia are still classified as overqualified and experience low wages. The efforts that need to be done are improving the skills of workers through training so as to have a positive effect on mismatch workers to obtain higher wages.

This study examines the health consequences and underlying pathways of education-occupation mismatch. Using a longitudinal sample of college graduates from the Panel Studies of Income Dynamics (1984–2019) and employing longitudinal hybrid models, we found that contemporary vertical mismatch (between education level and educational requirements of occupation) was associated with poorer psychological well-being and bio-behaviors (obesity and smoking), but not physical health. In contrast, horizontal mismatch (between field of study and field required for occupation) did not show clear health consequences. Sequence analysis was employed to uncover the mismatch trajectories and revealed that persistent vertical mismatch over one's career had a greater impact on psychological distress and smoking than episodic mismatch experiences. Furthermore, the linkage between vertical mismatch and health outcomes was likely shaped by psychosocial processes rather than reduced material well-being. These findings imply that education-occupation vertical (mis)match produces health disparities between occupationally matched and mismatched college graduates. • Vertical mismatch between level of education and level required for occupation was associated with psychological distress, obesity, and smoking. • Horizontal mismatch between field of study and field required for occupation did not demonstrate clear health consequences. • Persistent vertical mismatch over one's career had a greater impact on psychological distress and smoking than episodic mismatch experiences. • The primary way in which vertical mismatch affects health outcomes is through psychosocial processes rather than reduced material well-being. • Education-occupation vertical (mis)match contributes to health disparities among college graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary climate change leads to earlier spring phenological events in Europe. In forests, in which overstory strongly regulates the microclimate beneath, it is not clear if further change equally shifts the timing of leaf unfolding for the over- and understory of main deciduous forest species, such as Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech). Furthermore, it is not known yet how this vertical phenological (mis)match—the phenological difference between overstory and understory—affects the remotely sensed satellite signal. To investigate this, we disentangled the start of season (SOS) of overstory F.sylvatica foliage from understory F. sylvatica foliage in forests, within nine quadrants of 5.8 × 5.8 km, stratified over a temperature gradient of 2.5 °C in Bavaria, southeast Germany, in the spring seasons of 2019 and 2020 using time lapse cameras and visual ground observations. We explained SOS dates and vertical phenological (mis)match by canopy temperature and compared these to Sentinel-2 derived SOS in response to canopy temperature. We found that overstory SOS advanced with higher mean April canopy temperature (visual ground observations: −2.86 days per °C; cameras: −2.57 days per °C). However, understory SOS was not significantly affected by canopy temperature. This led to an increase of vertical phenological mismatch with increased canopy temperature (visual ground observations: +3.90 days per °C; cameras: +2.52 days per °C). These results matched Sentinel-2-derived SOS responses, as pixels of higher canopy height advanced more by increased canopy temperature than pixels of lower canopy height. The results may indicate that, with further climate change, spring phenology of F. sylvatica overstory will advance more than F. sylvatica understory, leading to increased vertical phenological mismatch in temperate deciduous forests. This may have major ecological effects, but also methodological consequences for the field of remote sensing, as what the signal senses highly depends on the pixel mean canopy height and the vertical (mis)match.

Copyright of Journal of Management & Labor / Yönetim ve Çalışma Dergisi is the property of Yonetim ve Calisma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the factors contributing to the observed differences in skill mismatches (vertical and horizontal) between natives and immigrants in EU countries. Design/methodology/approach – Using microdata from the 2007 wave of the Adult Education Survey (AES), different probit models are specified and estimated to analyse differences in the probability of each type of skill mismatch between natives and immigrants. Yun’s decomposition method is used to identify the relative contribution of characteristics and returns to explain the differences between the two groups. Findings – Immigrants are more likely to be skill mismatched than natives. The difference is much larger for vertical mismatch, wherein the difference is higher for immigrants coming from non-EU countries than for those coming from other EU countries. The authors find that immigrants from non-EU countries are less valued in EU labour markets than natives with similar characteristics – a result that is not observed for immigrants from EU countries. These results could be related to the limited transferability of human capital acquired in non-EU countries. Social implications – The findings suggest that specific programmes to adapt immigrants’ human capital acquired in the home country are required to reduce differences in the incidence of skill mismatch and better integration into EU labour markets. Originality/value – This research is original, because it distinguishes between horizontal and vertical mismatch – an issue that has not been considered in the literature on differences between native and immigrant workers and due to the wide geographical scope of the analysis, which considers EU and non-EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates education-labor mismatch for university graduates in Poland using the HEGESCO survey. Mismatch refers to the level of discord between the job performed by an individual and its education and skills. We evaluate three different dimensions of mismatch: vertical (under-/over- education), horizontal (wrong field of study for the job performed), and skills mismatch (under-/over- skilled). We discuss our results in the light of the large increase in the demand for tertiary education as well as in the number of tertiary education institutions that occurred in Poland after the transition process from communism to market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary climate change leads to earlier spring phenological events in Europe. In forests, in which overstory strongly regulates the microclimate beneath, it is not clear if further change equally shifts the timing of leaf unfolding for the over- and understory of main deciduous forest species, such as Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech). Furthermore, it is not known yet how this vertical phenological (mis)match—the phenological difference between overstory and understory—affects the remotely sensed satellite signal. To investigate this, we disentangled the start of season (SOS) of overstory F.sylvatica foliage from understory F. sylvatica foliage in forests, within nine quadrants of 5.8 × 5.8 km, stratified over a temperature gradient of 2.5 °C in Bavaria, southeast Germany, in the spring seasons of 2019 and 2020 using time lapse cameras and visual ground observations. We explained SOS dates and vertical phenological (mis)match by canopy temperature and compared these to Sentinel-2 derived SOS in response to canopy temperature. We found that overstory SOS advanced with higher mean April canopy temperature (visual ground observations: −2.86 days per °C; cameras: −2.57 days per °C). However, understory SOS was not significantly affected by canopy temperature. This led to an increase of vertical phenological mismatch with increased canopy temperature (visual ground observations: +3.90 days per °C; cameras: +2.52 days per °C). These results matched Sentinel-2-derived SOS responses, as pixels of higher canopy height advanced more by increased canopy temperature than pixels of lower canopy height. The results may indicate that, with further climate change, spring phenology of F. sylvatica overstory will advance more than F. sylvatica understory, leading to increased vertical phenological mismatch in temperate deciduous forests. This may have major ecological effects, but also methodological consequences for the field of remote sensing, as what the signal senses highly depends on the pixel mean canopy height and the vertical (mis)match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]