1. Mechanisms associated with mitochondrial-generated reactive oxygen species in cancer
- Author
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Verschoor, Meghan L., Wilson, Leigh A., and Singh, Gurmit
- Subjects
Tumor proteins -- Genetic aspects ,Gene expression -- Research ,Colorectal cancer -- Genetic aspects ,Amino acids -- Research ,DNA binding proteins -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
The mitochondria are unique cellular organelles that contain their own genome and, in conjunction with the nucleus, are able to transcribe and translate genes encoding components of the electron transport chain (ETC). To do so, the mitochondria must communicate with the nucleus via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide ([H.sub.2][O.sub.2]), which are produced as a byproduct of aerobic respiration within the mitochondria. Mitochondrial signaling is proposed to be altered in cancer cells, where the mitochondria are frequently found to harbor mutations within their genome and display altered functional characteristics leading to increased glycolysis. As signaling molecules, ROS oxidize and inhibit MAPK phosphatases resulting in enhanced proliferation and survival, an effect particularly advantageous to cancer cells. In terms of transcriptional regulation, ROS affect the phosphorylation, activation, oxidation, and DNA binding of transcription factors such as AP-1, NF-κB, p53, and HIF-1α, leading to changes in target gene expression. Increased ROS production by defective cancer cell mitochondria also results in the upregulation of the transcription factor Ets- 1, a factor that has been increasingly associated with aggressive cancers. Key words: mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, cancer, nuclear crosstalk, transcription factors, hypoxia, mitochondrial signaling, ETS. Les mitochondries sont des organites cellulaires uniques qui contiennent leur propre genome et, conjointement avec le noyau, sont capables de transcrire et de traduire les genes codant pour les constituants de la chaine de transport des electrons (CTE). Pour ce faire, les mitochondries doivent communiquer avec le noyau par la production d'especes reactives de l'oxygene (ROS), comme le peroxyde d'hydrogene ([H.sub.2][O.sub.2]), qui sont generees par un sous-produit de la respiration aerobie a l'interieur des mitochondries. On postule que la signalisation mitochondriale est alteree dans les cellules cancereuses, oil l'on observe frequemment des mutations dans le genome mitochondrial et des modifications dans les caracteristiques fonctionnelles des mitochondries causant une augmentation de la glycolyse. En tant que molecules de signalisation, les ROS oxydent et inhibent les MAPK phosphatases, ce qui provoque une augmentation de la proliferation et de la survie, un effet particulierement avantageux pour les cellules cancereuses. En matiere de regulation transcriptionnelle, les ROS influent sur la phosphorylation, l'activation, l'oxydation, et la liaison de l'ADN de facteurs de transcription tels que AP-1, NF-κB, p53 et HIF-1α, entrainant des modifications dans l'expression de genes cibles. L'augmentation de la production de ROS par les mitochondries defectueuses des cellules cancereuses va aussi causer une activation du facteur de transcription Ets-1, un facteur de plus en plus associe aux cancers agressifs. Mots-cles: mitochondries, especes reactives de l'oxygene, cancer, dialogue (crosstalk) nucleaire, facteurs de transcription, hypoxie, signalisation mitochondriale, ETS. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Several important functional changes to cancer cell mitochondria have been observed that implicate this organelle in tumor formation, including the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased oxidative [...]
- Published
- 2010
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