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1. The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. II. Twenty New Giant Planets

Author

Yee, Samuel W., Winn, Joshua N., Hartman, Joel D., Bouma, Luke G., Zhou, George, Quinn, Samuel N., Latham, David W., Bieryla, Allyson, Rodriguez, Joseph E., Collins, Karen A., Alfaro, Owen, Barkaoui, Khalid, Beard, Corey, Belinski, Alexander A., Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Benni, Paul, Bernacki, Krzysztof, Boyle, Andrew W., Butler, R. Paul, Caldwell, Douglas A., Chontos, Ashley, Christiansen, Jessie L., Ciardi, David R., Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Crane, Jeffrey D., Daylan, Tansu, Dressing, Courtney D., Eastman, Jason D., Essack, Zahra, Evans, Phil, Everett, Mark E., Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio, Forés-Toribio, Raquel, Furlan, Elise, Ghachoui, Mourad, Gillon, Michaël, Hellier, Coel, Helm, Ian, Howard, Andrew W., Howell, Steve B., Isaacson, Howard, Jehin, Emmanuel, Jenkins, Jon M., Jensen, Eric L. N., Kielkopf, John F., Laloum, Didier, Leonhardes-Barboza, Naunet, Logsdon, Sarah E., Lubin, Jack, Lund, Michael B., MacDougall, Mason G., Mann, Andrew W., Maslennikova, Natalia A., Massey, Bob, McLeod, Kim K., Muñoz, Jose A., Newman, Patrick, Orlov, Valeri, Plavchan, Peter, Popowicz, Adam, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Pritchard, Tyler A., Radford, Don J., Reefe, Michael, Ricker, George R., Rudat, Alexander, Safonov, Boris S., Schwarz, Richard P., Schweiker, Heidi, Scott, Nicholas J., Seager, S., Shectman, Stephen A., Stockdale, Chris, Tan, Thiam-Guan, Teske, Johanna K., Thomas, Neil B., Timmermans, Mathilde, Vanderspek, Roland, Vermilion, David, Watanabe, David, Weiss, Lauren M., West, Richard G., Van Zandt, Judah, Zejmo, Michal, and Ziegler, Carl

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission promises to improve our understanding of hot Jupiters by providing an all-sky, magnitude-limited sample of transiting hot Jupiters suitable for population studies. Assembling such a sample requires confirming hundreds of planet candidates with additional follow-up observations. Here, we present twenty hot Jupiters that were detected using TESS data and confirmed to be planets through photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging observations coordinated by the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP). These twenty planets have orbital periods shorter than 7 days and orbit relatively bright FGK stars ($10.9 < G < 13.0$). Most of the planets are comparable in mass to Jupiter, although there are four planets with masses less than that of Saturn. TOI-3976 b, the longest period planet in our sample ($P = 6.6$ days), may be on a moderately eccentric orbit ($e = 0.18\pm0.06$), while observations of the other targets are consistent with them being on circular orbits. We measured the projected stellar obliquity of TOI-1937A b, a hot Jupiter on a 22.4 hour orbit with the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, finding the planet's orbit to be well-aligned with the stellar spin axis ($|\lambda| = 4.0\pm3.5^\circ$). We also investigated the possibility that TOI-1937 is a member of the NGC 2516 open cluster, but ultimately found the evidence for cluster membership to be ambiguous. These objects are part of a larger effort to build a complete sample of hot Jupiters to be used for future demographic and detailed characterization work., Comment: 67 pages, 11 tables, 13 figures, 2 figure sets. Resubmitted to ApJS after revisions

Published
2022
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2. An asynchronous object-oriented approach to the automation of the 0.8-meter George Mason University campus telescope in Python

Author

Reefe, Michael, Alfaro, Owen, Foster, Shawn, Plavchan, Peter, Pepin, Nick, Banaji, Vedhas, Vidaurri, Monica, Webster, Scott, Banaji, Shreyas, Berberian, John, Bowen, Michael, Chimaladinne, Sudhish, Collins, Kevin, Combs, Deven, Eastridge, Kevin, Ellingsen, Taylor, Mufti, Mohammed El, Helm, Ian, Jimenez, Mary, Kim, Kingsley, Latouf, Natasha, Newman, Patrick, Stibbards, Caitlin, Vermilion, David, and Wittrock, Justin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a unique implementation of Python coding in an asynchronous object-oriented programming (OOP) framework to fully automate the process of collecting data with the George Mason University (GMU) Observatory's 0.8-meter telescope. The goal of this project is to perform automated follow-up observations for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, while still allowing for human control, monitoring, and adjustments. Prior to our implementation, the facility was computer-controlled by a human observer through a combination of webcams, TheSkyX, ASCOM Dome, MaxIm DL, and a weather station. We have automated slews and dome movements, CCD exposures, saving FITS images and metadata, initial focusing, guiding on the target, using the ambient temperature to adjust the focus as the telescope cools through the rest of the night, taking calibration images (darks and flats), and monitoring local weather data. The automated weather monitor periodically checks various weather data from multiple sources to automate the decision to close the observatory during adverse conditions. We have organized the OOP code structure in such a way that each hardware device or important higher-level process is categorized as its own object class or "module" with associated attributes and methods, with inherited common methods across modules for code reusability. To allow actions to be performed simultaneously across different modules, we implemented a multithreaded approach where each module is given its own CPU thread on which to operate concurrently with all other threads. After the initial few modules (camera, telescope, dome, data I/O) were developed, further development of the code was carried out in tandem with testing on sky on clear nights. The code, in its current state, has been tested and used for observations on 171 nights, with more planned usage and feature additions., Comment: 69 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems

Published
2022
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3. A close-in puffy Neptune with hidden friends: The enigma of TOI 620

Author

Reefe, Michael A., Luque, Rafael, Gaidos, Eric, Beard, Corey, Plavchan, Peter P., Cointepas, Marion, Cale, Bryson L., Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Feliz, Dax L., Eastman, Jason, Stassun, Keivan, Gagné, Jonathan, Jenkins, Jon M., Boyd, Patricia T., Kidwell, Richard C., McDermott, Scott, Collins, Karen A., Fong, William, Guerrero, Natalia, Almenara-Villa, Jose-Manuel, Bean, Jacob, Beichman, Charles A., Berberian, John, Bieryla, Allyson, Bonfils, Xavier, Bouchy, François, Brady, Madison, Bryant, Edward M., Cacciapuoti, Luca, Cañas, Caleb I., Ciardi, David R., Collins, Kevin I., Crossfield, Ian, Dressing, Courtney D., Eigmueller, Philipp, Mufti, Mohammed El, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Fukui, Akihiko, Gao, Peter, Geneser, Claire, Gnilka, Crystal L., Gonzales, Erica, Gupta, Arvind F., Halverson, Sam, Hearty, Fred, Howell, Steve B., Irwin, Jonathan, Kanodia, Shubham, Kasper, David, Kodama, Takanori, Kostov, Veselin, Latham, David W., Lendl, Monika, Lin, Andrea, Livingston, John H., Lubin, Jack, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Matson, Rachel, Matthews, Elisabeth, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Newman, Patrick, Ninan, Joe, Osborn, Ares, Quinn, Samuel N., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Schlieder, Joshua, Schwab, Christian, Seifahrt, Andreas, Smith, Gareth D., Sohani, Ahmad, Stefánsson, Guðmundur, Stevens, Daniel, Stürmer, Julian, Tanner, Angelle, Terrien, Ryan, Teske, Johanna, Vermilion, David, Wang, Sharon X., Wittrock, Justin, Wright, Jason T., Zechmeister, Mathias, and Zohrabi, Farzaneh

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the validation of a transiting low-density exoplanet orbiting the M2.5 dwarf TOI 620 discovered by the NASA TESS mission. We utilize photometric data from both TESS and ground-based follow-up observations to validate the ephemerides of the 5.09-day transiting signal and vet false positive scenarios. High-contrast imaging data are used to resolve the stellar host and exclude stellar companions at separations $\gtrsim 0.2''$. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with multiple PRV spectrographs to confirm the planetary nature of the transiting exoplanet. We calculate a 5$\sigma$ upper limit of $M_P < 7.1$ M$_\oplus$ and $\rho_P < 0.74$ g cm$^{-3}$, and we identify a non-transiting 17.7-day candidate. We also find evidence for a substellar (1-20 M$_{\rm J}$) companion with a projected separation $\lesssim 20$ au from a combined analysis of Gaia, AO imaging, and RVs. With the discovery of this outer companion, we carry out a detailed exploration of the possibilities that TOI 620 b might instead be a circum-secondary planet or a pair of eclipsing binary stars orbiting the host in a hierarchical triple system. We find, under scrutiny, that we can exclude both of these scenarios from the multi-wavelength transit photometry, thus validating TOI 620 b as a low-density exoplanet transiting the central star in this system. The low density of TOI 620 b makes it one of the most amenable exoplanets for atmospheric characterization, such as with JWST and Ariel, validated or confirmed by the TESS mission to date., Comment: 64 pages, 34 figures, 22 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

Published
2022
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4. Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets

Author

Giacalone, Steven, Dressing, Courtney D., Hedges, Christina, Kostov, Veselin B., Collins, Karen A., Jensen, Eric L. N., Yahalomi, Daniel A., Bieryla, Allyson, Ciardi, David R., Howell, Steve B., Lillo-Box, Jorge, Barkaoui, Khalid, Winters, Jennifer G., Matthews, Elisabeth, Livingston, John H., Quinn, Samuel N., Safonov, Boris S., Cadieux, Charles, Furlan, E., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Mandell, Avi M., Gilbert, Emily A., Kruse, Ethan, Quintana, Elisa V., Ricker, George R., Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Adkins, Britt Duffy, Baker, David, Barclay, Thomas, Barrado, David, Batalha, Natalie M., Belinski, Alexander A., Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, Buchhave, Lars A., Cacciapuoti, Luca, Charbonneau, David, Chontos, Ashley, Christiansen, Jessie L., Cloutier, Ryan, Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Cutting, Neil, Dixon, Scott, Doyon, René, Mufti, Mohammed El, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Essack, Zahra, Fukui, Akihiko, Gan, Tianjun, Gary, Kaz, Ghachoui, Mourad, Gillon, Michaël, Girardin, Eric, Glidden, Ana, Gonzales, Erica J., Guerra, Pere, Horch, Elliott P., Helminiak, Krzysztof G., Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Irwin, Jonathan M., Isopi, Giovanni, Jehin, Emmanuël, Kagetani, Taiki, Kane, Stephen R., Kawauchi, Kiyoe, Kielkopf, John F., Lewin, Pablo, Luker, Lindy, Lund, Michael B., Mallia, Franco, Mao, Shude, Massey, Bob, Matson, Rachel A., Mireles, Ismael, Mori, Mayuko, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, O`Dwyer, Tanner, Petigura, Erik A., Polanski, Alex S., Pozuelos, Francisco J., Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Plavchan, Peter P., Relles, Howard M., Robertson, Paul, Rose, Mark E., Rowden, Pamela, Roy, Arpita, Savel, Arjun B., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schnaible, Chloe, Schwarz, Richard P., Sefako, Ramotholo, Selezneva, Aleksandra, Skinner, Brett, Stockdale, Chris, Strakhov, Ivan A., Tan, Thiam-Guan, Torres, Guillermo, Tronsgaard, René, Twicken, Joseph D., Vermilion, David, Waite, Ian A., Walter, Bradley, Wang, Gavin, Ziegler, Carl, and Zou, Yujie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be able to probe the atmospheres and surface properties of hot, terrestrial planets via emission spectroscopy. We identify 18 potentially terrestrial planet candidates detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) that would make ideal targets for these observations. These planet candidates cover a broad range of planet radii ($R_{\rm p} \sim 0.6 - 2.0 R_\oplus$) and orbit stars of various magnitudes ($K_s = 5.78 - 10.78$, $V = 8.4 - 15.69$) and effective temperatures ($T_{\rm eff }\sim 3000 - 6000$ K). We use ground-based observations collected through the TESS Follow-up Observing Program (TFOP) and two vetting tools -- DAVE and TRICERATOPS -- to assess the reliabilities of these candidates as planets. We validate 13 planets: TOI-206 b, TOI-500 b, TOI-544 b, TOI-833 b, TOI-1075 b, TOI-1411 b, TOI-1442 b, TOI-1693 b, TOI-1860 b, TOI-2260 b, TOI-2411 b, TOI-2427 b, and TOI-2445 b. Seven of these planets (TOI-206 b, TOI-500 b, TOI-1075 b, TOI-1442 b, TOI-2260 b, TOI-2411 b, and TOI-2445 b) are ultra-short-period planets. TOI-1860 is the youngest ($133 \pm 26$ Myr) solar twin with a known planet to date. TOI-2260 is a young ($321 \pm 96$ Myr) G dwarf that is among the most metal-rich ([Fe/H] = $0.22 \pm 0.06$ dex) stars to host an ultra-short-period planet. With an estimated equilibrium temperature of $\sim 2600$ K, TOI-2260 b is also the fourth hottest known planet with $R_{\rm p} < 2 \, R_\oplus$.

Published
2022
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5. TOI 560 : Two Transiting Planets Orbiting a K Dwarf Validated with iSHELL, PFS and HIRES RVs

Author

Mufti, Mohammed El, Plavchan, Peter P., Isaacson, Howard, Cale, Bryson L., Feliz, Dax L., Reefe, Michael A., Hellier, Coel, Stassun, Keivan, Eastman, Jason, Polanski, Alex, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Gaidos, Eric, Kostov, Veselin, Villasenor, Joel, Schlieder, Joshua E., Bouma, Luke G., Collins, Kevin I., Wittrock, Justin M., Zohrabi, Farzaneh, Lee, Rena A., Sohani, Ahmad, Berberian, John, Vermilion, David, Newman, Patrick, Geneser, Claire, Tanner, Angelle, Batalha, Natalie M., Dressing, Courtney, Fulton, Benjamin, Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Kane, Stephen R., Petigura, Erik A., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Weiss, Lauren M., Behmard, Aida, Beard, Corey, Chontos, Ashley, Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Fetherolf, Tara, Giacalone, Steven, Hill, Michelle L., Hirsch, Lea A., Holcomb, Rae, Lubin, Jack, Mayo, Andrew, Movcnik, Teo, Murphy, Joseph M. Akana, Rosenthal, Lee J., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Scarsdale, Nicholas, Stockdale, Christopher, Collins, Karen, Cloutier, Ryan, Relles, Howard, Tan, Thiam-Guan, Scott, Nicholas J, Hartman, Zach, Matthews, Elisabeth, Ciardi, David, Gonzales, Erica, Matson, Rachel A., Beichman, Charles, Furlan, E., Gnilka, Crystal L., Howell, Steve B., Ziegler, Carl, Briceno, Cesar, Law, Nicholas, Mann, Andrew W., Rabus, Markus, Johnson, Marshall C., Christiansen, Jessie, Kreidberg, Laura, Berardo, David Anthony, Deming, Drake, Gorjian, Varoujan, Morales, Farisa Y., Benneke, Björn, Dragomir, Diana, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Ballard, Sarah, Bowler, Brendan P., Horner, Jonathan, Kielkopf, John, Liu, Huigen, Shporer, Avi, Tinney, C. G., Zhang, Hui, Wright, Duncan J., Addison, Brett C., Mengel, Matthew W., and Okumura, Jack

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We validate the presence of a two-planet system orbiting the 0.15--1.4 Gyr K4 dwarf TOI 560 (HD 73583). The system consists of an inner moderately eccentric transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 b, $P = 6.3980661^{+0.0000095}_{-0.0000097}$ days, $e=0.294^{+0.13}_{-0.062}$, $M= 0.94^{+0.31}_{-0.23}M_{Nep}$) initially discovered in the Sector 8 \tess\ mission observations, and a transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 c, $P = 18.8805^{+0.0024}_{-0.0011}$ days, $M= 1.32^{+0.29}_{-0.32}M_{Nep}$) discovered in the Sector 34 observations, in a rare near-1:3 orbital resonance. We utilize photometric data from \tess\, \textit{Spitzer}, and ground-based follow-up observations to confirm the ephemerides and period of the transiting planets, vet false positive scenarios, and detect the photo-eccentric effect for TOI 560 b. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with the iSHELL spectrograph at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the HIRES Spectrograph at Keck Observatory to validate the planetary nature of these signals, which we combine with published PFS RVs from Magellan Observatory. We detect the masses of both planets at $> 3-\sigma$ significance. We apply a Gaussian process (GP) model to the \tess\ light curves to place priors on a chromatic radial velocity GP model to constrain the stellar activity of the TOI 560 host star, and confirm a strong wavelength dependence for the stellar activity demonstrating the ability of NIR RVs in mitigating stellar activity for young K dwarfs. TOI 560 is a nearby moderately young multi-planet system with two planets suitable for atmospheric characterization with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and other upcoming missions. In particular, it will undergo six transit pairs separated by $<$6 hours before June 2027., Comment: AAS Journals, Accepted for publication

Published
2021

6. Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System

Author

Cale, Bryson, Reefe, Michael, Plavchan, Peter, Tanner, Angelle, Gaidos, Eric, Gagné, Jonathan, Gao, Peter, Kane, Stephen R., Béjar, Víctor J. S., Lodieu, Nicolas, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Ribas, Ignasi, Pallé, Enric, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Reiners, Ansgar, Caballero, José A., Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero, Dreizler, Stefan, Howard, Andrew W., Fulton, Benjamin J., Wang, Sharon Xuesong, Collins, Kevin I., Mufti, Mohammed El, Wittrock, Justin, Gilbert, Emily A., Barclay, Thomas, Klein, Baptiste, Martioli, Eder, Wittenmyer, Robert, Wright, Duncan, Addison, Brett, Hirano, Teruyuki, Tamura, Motohide, Kotani, Takayuki, Narita, Norio, Vermilion, David, Lee, Rena A., Geneser, Claire, Teske, Johanna, Quinn, Samuel N., Latham, David W., Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Calkins, Michael L., Berlind, Perry, Zohrabi, Farzaneh, Stibbards, Caitlin, Kotnana, Srihan, Jenkins, Jon, Twicken, Joseph D., Henze, Christopher, Kidwell Jr., Richard, Burke, Christopher, n}or, Joel Villase{\~, and Boyd, Patricia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early M dwarf known to host two transiting planets - $P_{b}\sim8.46$ days, $R_{b}=4.38_{-0.18}^{+0.18}\ R_{\oplus}$, $P_{c}\sim18.86$ days, $R_{c}=3.51_{-0.16}^{+0.16}\ R_{\oplus}$. With visible RVs from CARMENES-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, {\sc {\textsc{Minerva}}}-Australis, and TRES, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a $5\sigma$ upper limit to the mass of AU Mic c of $M_{c}\leq20.13\ M_{\oplus}$ and present a refined mass of AU Mic b of $M_{b}=20.12_{-1.57}^{+1.72}\ M_{\oplus}$. Used in our analyses is a new RV modeling toolkit to exploit the wavelength dependence of stellar activity present in our RVs via wavelength-dependent Gaussian processes. By obtaining near-simultaneous visible and near-infrared RVs, we also compute the temporal evolution of RV-``color'' and introduce a regressional method to aid in isolating Keplerian from stellar activity signals when modeling RVs in future works. Using a multi-wavelength Gaussian process model, we demonstrate the ability to recover injected planets at $5\sigma$ significance with semi-amplitudes down to $\approx$ 10\,m\,s$^{-1}$ with a known ephemeris, more than an order of magnitude below the stellar activity amplitude. However, we find that the accuracy of the recovered semi-amplitudes is $\sim$50\% for such signals with our model.

Published
2021
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7. The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey. II. Twenty New Giant Planets*

Author

Yee, Samuel W., primary, Winn, Joshua N., additional, Hartman, Joel D., additional, Bouma, Luke G., additional, Zhou, George, additional, Quinn, Samuel N., additional, Latham, David W., additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Rodriguez, Joseph E., additional, Collins, Karen A., additional, Alfaro, Owen, additional, Barkaoui, Khalid, additional, Beard, Corey, additional, Belinski, Alexander A., additional, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, additional, Benni, Paul, additional, Bernacki, Krzysztof, additional, Boyle, Andrew W., additional, Butler, R. Paul, additional, Caldwell, Douglas A., additional, Chontos, Ashley, additional, Christiansen, Jessie L., additional, Ciardi, David R., additional, Collins, Kevin I., additional, Conti, Dennis M., additional, Crane, Jeffrey D., additional, Daylan, Tansu, additional, Dressing, Courtney D., additional, Eastman, Jason D., additional, Essack, Zahra, additional, Evans, Phil, additional, Everett, Mark E., additional, Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio, additional, Forés-Toribio, Raquel, additional, Furlan, Elise, additional, Ghachoui, Mourad, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Hellier, Coel, additional, Helm, Ian, additional, Howard, Andrew W., additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Isaacson, Howard, additional, Jehin, Emmanuel, additional, Jenkins, Jon M., additional, Jensen, Eric L. N., additional, Kielkopf, John F., additional, Laloum, Didier, additional, Leonhardes-Barboza, Naunet, additional, Lewin, Pablo, additional, Logsdon, Sarah E., additional, Lubin, Jack, additional, Lund, Michael B., additional, MacDougall, Mason G., additional, Mann, Andrew W., additional, Maslennikova, Natalia A., additional, Massey, Bob, additional, McLeod, Kim K., additional, Muñoz, Jose A., additional, Newman, Patrick, additional, Orlov, Valeri, additional, Plavchan, Peter, additional, Popowicz, Adam, additional, Pozuelos, Francisco J., additional, Pritchard, Tyler A., additional, Radford, Don J., additional, Reefe, Michael, additional, Ricker, George R., additional, Rudat, Alexander, additional, Safonov, Boris S., additional, Schwarz, Richard P., additional, Schweiker, Heidi, additional, Scott, Nicholas J., additional, Seager, S., additional, Shectman, Stephen A., additional, Stockdale, Chris, additional, Tan, Thiam-Guan, additional, Teske, Johanna K., additional, Thomas, Neil B., additional, Timmermans, Mathilde, additional, Vanderspek, Roland, additional, Vermilion, David, additional, Watanabe, David, additional, Weiss, Lauren M., additional, West, Richard G., additional, Zandt, Judah Van, additional, Zejmo, Michal, additional, and Ziegler, Carl, additional

Published
2023
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8. TOI 560: Two Transiting Planets Orbiting a K Dwarf Validated with iSHELL, PFS, and HIRES RVs

Author

El Mufti, Mohammed, primary, Plavchan, Peter P., additional, Isaacson, Howard, additional, Cale, Bryson L., additional, Feliz, Dax L., additional, Reefe, Michael A., additional, Hellier, Coel, additional, Stassun, Keivan, additional, Eastman, Jason, additional, Polanski, Alex, additional, Crossfield, Ian J. M., additional, Gaidos, Eric, additional, Kostov, Veselin, additional, Wittrock, Justin M., additional, Villaseñor, Joel, additional, Schlieder, Joshua E., additional, Bouma, Luke G., additional, Collins, Kevin I., additional, Zohrabi, Farzaneh, additional, Lee, Rena A., additional, Sohani, Ahmad, additional, Berberian, John, additional, Vermilion, David, additional, Newman, Patrick, additional, Geneser, Claire, additional, Tanner, Angelle, additional, Batalha, Natalie M., additional, Dressing, Courtney, additional, Fulton, Benjamin, additional, Howard, Andrew W., additional, Huber, Daniel, additional, Kane, Stephen R., additional, Petigura, Erik A., additional, Robertson, Paul, additional, Roy, Arpita, additional, Weiss, Lauren M., additional, Behmard, Aida, additional, Beard, Corey, additional, Chontos, Ashley, additional, Dai, Fei, additional, Dalba, Paul A., additional, Fetherolf, Tara, additional, Giacalone, Steven, additional, Hill, Michelle L., additional, Hirsch, Lea A., additional, Holcomb, Rae, additional, Lubin, Jack, additional, Mayo, Andrew, additional, Močnik, Teo, additional, Akana Murphy, Joseph M., additional, Rosenthal, Lee J., additional, Rubenzahl, Ryan A., additional, Scarsdale, Nicholas, additional, Stockdale, Christopher, additional, Collins, Karen, additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Relles, Howard, additional, Tan, Thiam-Guan, additional, Scott, Nicholas J, additional, Hartman, Zach, additional, Matthews, Elisabeth, additional, Ciardi, David R., additional, Gonzales, Erica, additional, Matson, Rachel A., additional, Beichman, Charles, additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Furlan, E., additional, Gnilka, Crystal L., additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Ziegler, Carl, additional, Briceño, César, additional, Law, Nicholas, additional, Mann, Andrew W., additional, Rabus, Markus, additional, Johnson, Marshall C., additional, Christiansen, Jessie, additional, Kreidberg, Laura, additional, Berardo, David Anthony, additional, Deming, Drake, additional, Gorjian, Varoujan, additional, Morales, Farisa Y., additional, Benneke, Björn, additional, Dragomir, Diana, additional, Wittenmyer, Robert A., additional, Ballard, Sarah, additional, Bowler, Brendan P., additional, Horner, Jonathan, additional, Kielkopf, John, additional, Liu, Huigen, additional, Shporer, Avi, additional, Tinney, C. G., additional, Zhang, Hui, additional, Wright, Duncan J., additional, Addison, Brett C., additional, Mengel, Matthew W., additional, and Okumura, Jack, additional

Published
2022
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9. Asynchronous object-oriented approach to the automation of the 0.8-meter George Mason University campus telescope in Python

Author

Reefe, Michael, primary, Alfaro, Owen, additional, Foster, Shawn, additional, Plavchan, Peter, additional, Pepin, Nick, additional, Banaji, Vedhas, additional, Vidaurri, Monica, additional, Webster, Scott, additional, Banaji, Shreyas, additional, Berberian, John, additional, Bowen, Michael, additional, Chimaladinne, Sudhish, additional, Collins, Kevin, additional, Combs, Deven, additional, Eastridge, Kevin, additional, Ellingsen, Taylor, additional, El Mufti, Mohammed, additional, Helm, Ian, additional, Jimenez, Mary, additional, Kim, Kingsley, additional, Latouf, Natasha, additional, Newman, Patrick, additional, Stibbards, Caitlin, additional, Vermilion, David, additional, and Wittrock, Justin, additional

Published
2022
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10. A Close-in Puffy Neptune with Hidden Friends: The Enigma of TOI 620

Author

Reefe, Michael A., primary, Luque, Rafael, additional, Gaidos, Eric, additional, Beard, Corey, additional, Plavchan, Peter P., additional, Cointepas, Marion, additional, Cale, Bryson L., additional, Palle, Enric, additional, Parviainen, Hannu, additional, Feliz, Dax L., additional, Eastman, Jason, additional, Stassun, Keivan, additional, Gagné, Jonathan, additional, Jenkins, Jon M., additional, Boyd, Patricia T., additional, Kidwell, Richard C., additional, McDermott, Scott, additional, Collins, Karen A., additional, Fong, William, additional, Guerrero, Natalia, additional, Almenara-Villa, Jose-Manuel, additional, Bean, Jacob, additional, Beichman, Charles A., additional, Berberian, John, additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Bouchy, François, additional, Brady, Madison, additional, Bryant, Edward M., additional, Cacciapuoti, Luca, additional, Cañas, Caleb I., additional, Ciardi, David R., additional, Collins, Kevin I., additional, Crossfield, Ian J. M., additional, Dressing, Courtney D., additional, Eigmüller, Philipp, additional, El Mufti, Mohammed, additional, Esparza-Borges, Emma, additional, Fukui, Akihiko, additional, Gao, Peter, additional, Geneser, Claire, additional, Gnilka, Crystal L., additional, Gonzales, Erica, additional, Gupta, Arvind F., additional, Halverson, Sam, additional, Hearty, Fred, additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Irwin, Jonathan, additional, Kanodia, Shubham, additional, Kasper, David, additional, Kodama, Takanori, additional, Kostov, Veselin, additional, Latham, David W., additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lin, Andrea, additional, Livingston, John H., additional, Lubin, Jack, additional, Mahadevan, Suvrath, additional, Matson, Rachel, additional, Matthews, Elisabeth, additional, Murgas, Felipe, additional, Narita, Norio, additional, Newman, Patrick, additional, Ninan, Joe, additional, Osborn, Ares, additional, Quinn, Samuel N., additional, Robertson, Paul, additional, Roy, Arpita, additional, Schlieder, Joshua, additional, Schwab, Christian, additional, Seifahrt, Andreas, additional, Smith, Gareth D., additional, Sohani, Ahmad, additional, Stefánsson, Guðmundur, additional, Stevens, Daniel, additional, Stürmer, Julian, additional, Tanner, Angelle, additional, Terrien, Ryan, additional, Teske, Johanna, additional, Vermilion, David, additional, Wang, Sharon X., additional, Wittrock, Justin, additional, Wright, Jason T., additional, Zechmeister, Mathias, additional, and Zohrabi, Farzaneh, additional

Published
2022
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11. Validation of 13 Hot and Potentially Terrestrial TESS Planets

Author

Giacalone, Steven, primary, Dressing, Courtney D., additional, Hedges, Christina, additional, Kostov, Veselin B., additional, Collins, Karen A., additional, Jensen, Eric L. N., additional, Yahalomi, Daniel A., additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Ciardi, David R., additional, Howell, Steve B., additional, Lillo-Box, Jorge, additional, Barkaoui, Khalid, additional, Winters, Jennifer G., additional, Matthews, Elisabeth, additional, Livingston, John H., additional, Quinn, Samuel N., additional, Safonov, Boris S., additional, Cadieux, Charles, additional, Furlan, E., additional, Crossfield, Ian J. M., additional, Mandell, Avi M., additional, Gilbert, Emily A., additional, Kruse, Ethan, additional, Quintana, Elisa V., additional, Ricker, George R., additional, Seager, S., additional, Winn, Joshua N., additional, Jenkins, Jon M., additional, Duffy Adkins, Britt, additional, Baker, David, additional, Barclay, Thomas, additional, Barrado, David, additional, Batalha, Natalie M., additional, Belinski, Alexander A., additional, Benkhaldoun, Zouhair, additional, Buchhave, Lars A., additional, Cacciapuoti, Luca, additional, Charbonneau, David, additional, Chontos, Ashley, additional, Christiansen, Jessie L., additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Collins, Kevin I., additional, Conti, Dennis M., additional, Cutting, Neil, additional, Dixon, Scott, additional, Doyon, René, additional, Mufti, Mohammed El, additional, Esparza-Borges, Emma, additional, Essack, Zahra, additional, Fukui, Akihiko, additional, Gan, Tianjun, additional, Gary, Kaz, additional, Ghachoui, Mourad, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Girardin, Eric, additional, Glidden, Ana, additional, Gonzales, Erica J., additional, Guerra, Pere, additional, Horch, Elliott P., additional, Hełminiak, Krzysztof G., additional, Howard, Andrew W., additional, Huber, Daniel, additional, Irwin, Jonathan M., additional, Isopi, Giovanni, additional, Jehin, Emmanuël, additional, Kagetani, Taiki, additional, Kane, Stephen R., additional, Kawauchi, Kiyoe, additional, Kielkopf, John F., additional, Lewin, Pablo, additional, Luker, Lindy, additional, Lund, Michael B., additional, Mallia, Franco, additional, Mao, Shude, additional, Massey, Bob, additional, Matson, Rachel A., additional, Mireles, Ismael, additional, Mori, Mayuko, additional, Murgas, Felipe, additional, Narita, Norio, additional, O’Dwyer, Tanner, additional, Petigura, Erik A., additional, Polanski, Alex S., additional, Pozuelos, Francisco J., additional, Palle, Enric, additional, Parviainen, Hannu, additional, Plavchan, Peter P., additional, Relles, Howard M., additional, Robertson, Paul, additional, Rose, Mark E., additional, Rowden, Pamela, additional, Roy, Arpita, additional, Savel, Arjun B., additional, Schlieder, Joshua E., additional, Schnaible, Chloe, additional, Schwarz, Richard P., additional, Sefako, Ramatholo, additional, Selezneva, Aleksandra, additional, Skinner, Brett, additional, Stockdale, Chris, additional, Strakhov, Ivan A., additional, Tan, Thiam-Guan, additional, Torres, Guillermo, additional, Tronsgaard, René, additional, Twicken, Joseph D., additional, Vermilion, David, additional, Waite, Ian A., additional, Walter, Bradley, additional, Wang, Gavin, additional, Ziegler, Carl, additional, and Zou, Yujie, additional

Published
2022
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12. Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System

Author

Cale, Bryson L., primary, Reefe, Michael, additional, Plavchan, Peter, additional, Tanner, Angelle, additional, Gaidos, Eric, additional, Gagné, Jonathan, additional, Gao, Peter, additional, Kane, Stephen R., additional, Béjar, Víctor J. S., additional, Lodieu, Nicolas, additional, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Quirrenbach, Andreas, additional, Amado, Pedro J., additional, Reiners, Ansgar, additional, Caballero, José A., additional, Rosa Zapatero Osorio, María, additional, Dreizler, Stefan, additional, Howard, Andrew W., additional, Fulton, Benjamin J., additional, Xuesong Wang, Sharon, additional, Collins, Kevin I., additional, El Mufti, Mohammed, additional, Wittrock, Justin, additional, Gilbert, Emily A., additional, Barclay, Thomas, additional, Klein, Baptiste, additional, Martioli, Eder, additional, Wittenmyer, Robert, additional, Wright, Duncan, additional, Addison, Brett, additional, Hirano, Teruyuki, additional, Tamura, Motohide, additional, Kotani, Takayuki, additional, Narita, Norio, additional, Vermilion, David, additional, Lee, Rena A., additional, Geneser, Claire, additional, Teske, Johanna, additional, Quinn, Samuel N., additional, Latham, David W., additional, Esquerdo, Gilbert A., additional, Calkins, Michael L., additional, Berlind, Perry, additional, Zohrabi, Farzaneh, additional, Stibbards, Caitlin, additional, Kotnana, Srihan, additional, Jenkins, Jon, additional, Twicken, Joseph D., additional, Henze, Christopher, additional, Kidwell, Richard, additional, Burke, Christopher, additional, Villaseñor, Joel, additional, and Boyd, Patricia, additional

Published
2021
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13. Methods of Data Analysis on TESS Observations

Author

Kim, Kingsley, Collins, Kevin, Wittrock, Justin, Bowen, Michael, Alfaro, Owen, Reefe, Michael, Chimaladinne, Sudhish, Eastridge, Kevin, Stibbards, Caitlin, Combs, Deven, Berberian, John, Jimenez, Mary, Newman, Patrick, Vermilion, David, Kotana, Srihan, Banaji, Shreyas, Latouf, Natasha, El Mufti, Mohammed, and Plavchan, Peter

Subjects
Exoplanets
Abstract

We present follow-up observations of TESS targets conducted by our research group at George Mason University. Targets were observed nightly through a 0.8m telescope, and chosen through the SG1 TESS Transit Finder. Using AstroImageJ, a software package for image processing, our team reduced, platesolved and performed aperture photometry on images of targets. Apertures were chosen through accounting for seeing, nearby companions, and target brightness. Comparison stars were then reviewed, and target light curves were detrended using various observation parameters. AstroImageJ was used to run a NEB star check, and transits of the target were modeled through ExoFASTv2. Findings from this data analysis have contributed to multiple TOI detections and continue to expand the validation of candidates from the TESS mission.

Published
2021
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14. A Flexible Python Observatory Automation Framework for the George Mason University Campus Telescope

Author

Reefe, Michael, Alfaro, Owen, Foster, Shawn, Plavchan, Peter, Pepin, Nick, Vidaurri, Monica, Collins, Kevin, Wittrock, Justin, Newman, Patrick, Jimenez, Mary, Bowen, Michael, Eastridge, Kevin, Ellingsen, Taylor, Combs, Deven, Berberian, John, Latouf, Natasha, Stibbards, Caitlin, Vermilion, David, Kim, Kingsley, Chimaladinne, Sudhish, and Banaji, Shreyas

Subjects
Exoplanets, Software Automation
Abstract

We present a unique implementation of python coding in an asynchronous object-oriented framework to fully automate the process of collecting data with the George Mason University Observatory’s 0.8-meter telescope. The goal of this project is to streamline the process of collecting research data and monitoring weather, most often for follow-up observations for the TESS mission. We have automated slews and dome movements, CCD exposures, saving FITS images, focusing and guiding on the target, and taking calibration images (darks and flats). We also have automated periodically checking weather conditions to automate the decision-making involved in whether a shutdown is necessary. We are now able to input the specifications of the desired target in a user-friendly GUI that generates an input configuration file and launches the command-line code at the beginning of the night. The code, in its current state, has been tested and used for observations without error on at least 110 nights., {"references":["W. J. Borucki, D. Koch, G. Basri, et al., \"Kepler planet-detection mission: Introduction and first results,\" Science 327(5968), 977–980 (2010).","G. R. Ricker, J. N. Winn, R. Vanderspek, et al., \"Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite,\" Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 1(1), 1 – 10 (2014).","D. Nesvorny and A. Morbidelli, \"Mass and orbit determination from transit timing variations of exoplanets,\" The Astrophysical Journal 688, 636–646 (2008).","C. Baranec, R. Riddle, A. N. Ramaprakash, et al., \"Robo-ao: autonomous and replicable laser-adaptive-optics and science system,\" Adaptive Optics Systems III (2012).","J. J. Swift, M. Bottom, J. A. Johnson, et al., \"Miniature exoplanet radial velocity array i: design, commissioning, and early photometric results,\" Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 1, 027002 (2015).","J. Eastman, B. S. Gaudi, R. Siverd, et al., \"DEMONEX: the DEdicated MONitor of EXo-transits,\" in Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III, L. M. Stepp, R. Gilmozzi, and H. J. Hall, Eds., 7733, 1243 – 1250, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE (2010).","K. Collins and J. Kielkopf, \"Astroimagej: Imagej for astronomy,\" (2013). Astrophysics source code library."]}

Published
2021
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16. TOI 560 : Two Transiting Planets Orbiting a K Dwarf Validated with iSHELL, PFS and HIRES RVs

Author

El Mufti, Mohammed, Plavchan, Peter P., Isaacson, Howard, Cale, Bryson L., Feliz, Dax L., Reefe, Michael A., Hellier, Coel, Stassun, Keivan, Eastman, Jason, Polanski, Alex, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Gaidos, Eric, Kostov, Veselin, Villaseñor, Joel, Schlieder, Joshua E., Bouma, Luke G., Collins, Kevin I., Wittrock, Justin M., Zohrabi, Farzaneh, Lee, Rena A., Sohani, Ahmad, Berberian, John, Vermilion, David, Newman, Patrick, Geneser, Claire, Tanner, Angelle, Batalha, Natalie M., Dressing, Courtney, Fulton, Benjamin, Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Kane, Stephen R., Petigura, Erik A., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Weiss, Lauren M., Behmard, Aida, Beard, Corey, Chontos, Ashley, Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Fetherolf, Tara, Giacalone, Steven, Hill, Michelle L., Hirsch, Lea A., Holcomb, Rae, Lubin, Jack, Mayo, Andrew, Movcnik, Teo, Akana Murphy, Joseph M., Rosenthal, Lee J., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Scarsdale, Nicholas, Stockdale, Christopher, Collins, Karen, Cloutier, Ryan, Relles, Howard, Tan, Thiam-Guan, Scott, Nicholas J., Hartman, Zach, Matthews, Elisabeth, Ciardi, David, Gonzales, Erica, Matson, Rachel A., Beichman, Charles, Furlan, E., Gnilka, Crystal L., Howell, Steve B., Ziegler, Carl, Briceño, César, Law, Nicholas, Mann, Andrew W., Rabus, Markus, Johnson, Marshall C., Christiansen, Jessie, Kreidberg, Laura, Werner, Michael W., Berardo, David Anthony, Deming, Drake, Gorjian, Varoujan, Morales, Farisa Y., Benneke, Björn, Dragomir, Diana, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Ballard, Sarah, Bowler, Brendan P., Horner, Jonathan, Kielkopf, John, Liu, Huigen, Shporer, Avi, Tinney, C. G., Zhang, Hui, Wright, Duncan J., Addison, Brett C., Mengel, Matthew W., Okumura, Jack, El Mufti, Mohammed, Plavchan, Peter P., Isaacson, Howard, Cale, Bryson L., Feliz, Dax L., Reefe, Michael A., Hellier, Coel, Stassun, Keivan, Eastman, Jason, Polanski, Alex, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Gaidos, Eric, Kostov, Veselin, Villaseñor, Joel, Schlieder, Joshua E., Bouma, Luke G., Collins, Kevin I., Wittrock, Justin M., Zohrabi, Farzaneh, Lee, Rena A., Sohani, Ahmad, Berberian, John, Vermilion, David, Newman, Patrick, Geneser, Claire, Tanner, Angelle, Batalha, Natalie M., Dressing, Courtney, Fulton, Benjamin, Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Kane, Stephen R., Petigura, Erik A., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Weiss, Lauren M., Behmard, Aida, Beard, Corey, Chontos, Ashley, Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Fetherolf, Tara, Giacalone, Steven, Hill, Michelle L., Hirsch, Lea A., Holcomb, Rae, Lubin, Jack, Mayo, Andrew, Movcnik, Teo, Akana Murphy, Joseph M., Rosenthal, Lee J., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Scarsdale, Nicholas, Stockdale, Christopher, Collins, Karen, Cloutier, Ryan, Relles, Howard, Tan, Thiam-Guan, Scott, Nicholas J., Hartman, Zach, Matthews, Elisabeth, Ciardi, David, Gonzales, Erica, Matson, Rachel A., Beichman, Charles, Furlan, E., Gnilka, Crystal L., Howell, Steve B., Ziegler, Carl, Briceño, César, Law, Nicholas, Mann, Andrew W., Rabus, Markus, Johnson, Marshall C., Christiansen, Jessie, Kreidberg, Laura, Werner, Michael W., Berardo, David Anthony, Deming, Drake, Gorjian, Varoujan, Morales, Farisa Y., Benneke, Björn, Dragomir, Diana, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Ballard, Sarah, Bowler, Brendan P., Horner, Jonathan, Kielkopf, John, Liu, Huigen, Shporer, Avi, Tinney, C. G., Zhang, Hui, Wright, Duncan J., Addison, Brett C., Mengel, Matthew W., and Okumura, Jack

Abstract

We validate the presence of a two-planet system orbiting the 0.2--1.4 Gyr K4 dwarf TOI 560 (HD 73583). The system consists of an inner moderately eccentric transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 b, P = 6.397438 ± 0.000037 days, e = 0.294^(0.13)_(0.062)) initially discovered in the Sector 8 TESS mission observations, and a transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 c, P = 18.8779 ± 0.0016 days) discovered in the Sector 34 observations, in a rare 1:3 orbital resonance. We utilize photometric data from TESS Spitzer, and ground-based follow-up observations to confirm the ephemerides and period of the transiting planets and vet false positive scenarios. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with the iSHELL spectrograph at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the HIRES Spectrograph at Keck Observatory to validate the planetary nature of these signals, which we combine with published PFS RVs from Magellan Observatory. We place upper limits on the masses of both planets of <2.1 and <4.1 M_(Nep) for b and c, respectively. We apply a Gaussian Processes (GP) model to the TESS light curves to place priors on a chromatic radial velocity GP model to constrain the stellar activity of the TOI 560 host star. TOI 560 is a nearby moderately young multi-planet system with two planets suitable for atmospheric characterization with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and other upcoming missions. In particular, it will undergo six transit pairs separated by <6 hours before June 2027.

Published
2021

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