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48 results on '"Vermeul, V."'

1. 4D Proxy Imaging of Fracture Dilation and Stress Shadowing Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography During High Pressure Injections Into a Dense Rock Formation

Author

Johnson, TC, Burghardt, J, Strickland, C, Knox, H, Vermeul, V, White, M, Schwering, P, Blankenship, D, Kneafsey, T, and Team, the EGS Collab

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Life on Land, resistivity, stress, fracture, imaging, time-lapse, 3D, Geochemistry, Geophysics
Abstract

Fluid flow through fractured rock systems is governed in large part by the distribution, interconnectivity, and size of fracture apertures. In-situ stress is one of the primary factors controlling fracture aperture, and one that is altered significantly during high-pressure fluid injections or extractions. Interactions between stress, pore pressure, aperture, and fluid flow can result in complex and evolving poroelastic behavior with significant implications regarding the predictability and risk involved with developing and managing deep subsurface reservoirs (geothermal, fossil energy, and geologic carbon sequestration). In saturated rocks, bulk electrical conductivity is sensitive to both primary and secondary porosity (i.e., matrix porosity and fractures), and therefore to fracture aperture size and distribution. We demonstrate the use of time-lapse 3D electrical resistivity tomography for remotely monitoring stress induced changes in aperture distribution during high pressure injections into a dense fractured rock system at a scale of tens of meters. Results reveal a complex and continuously evolving stress field involving aperture dilations in the natural fracture system and aperture contractions in adjacent zones of shadow stress. Results provide information about the spatiotemporal changes in the system behavior and point to the potential of electrical imaging for autonomously and remotely monitoring evolving stress conditions by proxy through changes in bulk electrical conductivity.

Published
2021

3. 4D Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Stress Perturbations Induced During High‐Pressure Shear Stimulation Tests.

Author

Johnson, T. C., Burghardt, J., Strickland, C., Sirota, D., Vermeul, V., Knox, H., Schwering, P., Blankenship, D., and Kneafsey, T.

Subjects
ELECTRICAL resistivity, ELECTRIC conductivity, CRYSTALLINE rocks, FLUID flow, METAMORPHIC rocks
Abstract

Fluid flow through fractured media is typically governed by the distribution of fracture apertures, which are in turn governed by stress. Consequently, understanding subsurface stress is critical for understanding and predicting subsurface fluid flow. Although laboratory‐scale studies have established a sensitive relationship between effective stress and bulk electrical conductivity in crystalline rock, that relationship has not been extensively leveraged to monitor stress evolution at the field scale using electrical or electromagnetic geophysical monitoring approaches. In this paper we demonstrate the use time‐lapse 3‐dimensional (4D) electrical resistivity tomography to image perturbations in the stress field generated by pressurized borehole packers deployed during shear‐stimulation attempts in a 1.25 km deep metamorphic crystalline rock formation. Plain Language Summary: Time‐lapse electrical geophysical sensing is used to image 3D changes in rock stress generated by an isolated and pressurized interval of a borehole in a deep, dense, fractured rock formation. Key Points: Remotely monitoring stress is challenging but important for relating geomechanical behavior to flow pathways during energy productionBulk electrical conductivity is sensitive to stress in crystalline rockTime‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography can be used to remotely monitor 3D changes in effective stress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. 3D Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Rock Damage Patterns and Gas Flow Paths Resulting from Two Underground Chemical Explosions

Author

Johnson, Tim C., primary, Knox, H. A., additional, Strickland, C., additional, Johnson, C., additional, Lowrey, J., additional, Sprinkle, D.P., additional, Linneman, D., additional, Vermeul, V., additional, Robey, E., additional, Chojnicki, K., additional, Ingraham, M., additional, Feldman, J., additional, and Miley, H., additional

Published
2022
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5. In-Situ Treatment Technologies

Author

Ward, C. H., Hughes, J. B., Pope, G. A., Delshad, M., Dwaranath, V., Spain, J., Nishino, S., Fruchter, J. S., Vermeul, V. R., Williams, M. D., Szecsody, J. E., Reible, Danny, editor, and Demnerova, Katerina, editor

Published
2002
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7. Micron-size zero-valent iron emplacement in porous media using polymer additives: column and flow cell experiments

Author

Oostrom, M., Wietsma, T. W., Covert, M. A., Vermeul, V. R., and Colorado State University, Publisher

Abstract

2006 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 20 - March 22, 2006., Includes bibliographical references., At the Hanford Site, an extensive In Situ Redox Manipulation (ISRM) permeable reactive barrier was installed to prevent chromate from reaching the Columbia River. However, chromium has been detected in several wells, indicating a premature loss of the reductive capacity in the aquifer. Laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate whether barrier reductive capacity can be enhanced by adding micron-scale zero-valent iron to the high-permeability zones within the aquifer using shear-thinning fluids containing polymers. Porous media were packed in a wedge-shaped flow cell to create either a heterogeneous layered system with a high-permeability zone be-tween two low-permeability zones or a high-permeability channel surrounded by low-permeability materials. The injection flow rate, polymer type, polymer concentration, and injected pore volumes were determined based on preliminary short- and long-column experiments. The flow cell experiments indicated that iron concentration enhancements of at least 0.6% (w/w) could be obtained using moderate flow rates and injection of 30 pore volumes. The 0.6% amended Fe0 concentration would provide approximately 20 times the average reductive capacity that is provided by the dithionite-reduced iron in the ISRM barrier. Calculations show that a 1-m-long Fe0 amended zone with an average concentration of 0.6% w/w iron subject to a groundwater velocity of 1 m/day will have an estimated longevity of 7.2 years.

Published
2006
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8. Demonstration of Combined Zero-Valent Iron and Electrical Resistance Heating for In Situ Trichloroethene Remediation

Author

Truex, M. J., primary, Macbeth, T. W., additional, Vermeul, V. R., additional, Fritz, B. G., additional, Mendoza, D. P., additional, Mackley, R. D., additional, Wietsma, T. W., additional, Sandberg, G., additional, Powell, T., additional, Powers, J., additional, Pitre, E., additional, Michalsen, M., additional, Ballock-Dixon, S. J., additional, Zhong, L., additional, and Oostrom, M., additional

Published
2011
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11. Injection of Zero-Valent Iron into an Unconfined Aquifer Using Shear-Thinning Fluids.

Author

Truex, M. J., Vermeul, V. R., Mendoza, D. P., Fritz, B. G., Mackley, R. D., Oostrom, M., Wietsma, T. W., and Macbeth, T. W.

Subjects
INJECTION wells, TRICHLOROETHYLENE, SURFACE active agents, AQUIFERS, GROUNDWATER remediation
Abstract

Approximately 190 kg of 2 μm-diameter zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles were injected into a test zone in the top 2 m of an unconfined aquifer within a trichloroethene (TCE) source area. A shear-thinning fluid was used to enhance ZVI delivery in the subsurface to a radial distance of up to 4 m from a single injection well. The ZVI particles were mixed in-line with the injection water, shear-thinning fluid, and a low concentration of surfactant. ZVI was observed at each of the seven monitoring wells within the targeted radius of influence during injection. Additionally, all wells within the targeted zone showed low TCE concentrations and primarily dechlorination products present 44 d after injection. These results suggest that ZVI can be directly injected into an aquifer with shear-thinning fluids to induce dechlorination and extends the applicability of ZVI to situations where other emplacement methods may not be viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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12. Vertical Wellbore Flow Monitoring for Assessing Spatial and Temporal Flow Relationships with a Dynamic River Boundary.

Author

Newcomer, D. R., Bjornstad, B. N., and Vermeul, V. R.

Subjects
HYDROGEOLOGY, GROUNDWATER flow, WATER supply, FLOODS
Abstract

A useful tool for identifying the temporal and spatial ambient wellbore flow relationships near a dynamic river boundary is to monitor ambient vertical wellbore flow with an electromagnetic borehole flowmeter. This is important because the presence of the wellbore can result in significant mixing or exchange of groundwater vertically across the aquifer. Mixing or exchanging groundwater within the well-screen section can have significant impacts on the distribution of contaminants within the aquifer and adverse effects on the representativeness of groundwater samples collected from the monitoring well. Ambient monitoring data, collected from long screened wells at Hanford's 300-Area Integrated Field Research Challenge site, located approximately 260 m from the Columbia River, demonstrate that vertical wellbore flow exhibits both a positive and inverse temporal relationship with periodic river-stage fluctuations that can change over short distances between wells. The spatial distribution of these vertical flows across the well field indicates two general regions of ambient wellbore flow behavior. The western region of the site is characterized by vertical flows that are positively related to river-stage fluctuations. In contrast, the eastern region of the site exhibits vertical flows that are inversely related to river-stage fluctuations. The cause of this opposite relationship is not completely understood; however, the positive relationships appear to be associated with high-energy Hanford formation flood deposits. These flood deposits have a well-defined northwest-southeast trend and are believed to coincide with a local paleochannel. The inverse relationships are attributed to an erosional, subsurface high in the Hanford/Ringold Formation contact between the site and the Columbia River. Under these complex hydrogeologic and hydrodynamic conditions, the behavior of ambient vertical wellbore flow in monitoring wells near a dynamic river boundary can have important implications for collecting groundwater-quality samples, for contributing to contaminant distribution within an aquifer system, and for implementing effective remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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13. Zero-Valent Iron Emplacement in Permeable Porous Media Using Polymer Additions.

Author

Oostrom, M., Wietsma, T. W., Covert, M. A., and Vermeul, V. R.

Subjects
POROUS materials, POLYMERS, HANFORD Site (Wash.), CHROMIUM, WATER pollution, AQUIFERS, PERMEABILITY
Abstract

At the Hanford Site in Washington, an extensive in situ redox manipulation (ISRM) permeable reactive barrier was installed to prevent chromate from reaching the Columbia River. However, chromium has been detected in several wells, indicating a premature loss of the reductive capacity in the aquifer. One possible cause for premature chromate breakthrough is associated with the presence of high-permeability zones in the aquifer. The potential emplacement of zero-valent iron (Fe0) into high-permeability Hanford sediments to enhance the barrier’s reductive capacity using shear-thinning fluids containing polymers was investigated in three-dimensional wedge-shaped aquifer models. Porous media were packed in the wedge-shaped flow cell to create either a heterogeneous layered system with a high-permeability zone between two low-permeability zones or a high-permeability channel surrounded by low-permeability materials. The injection flow rate, polymer type, polymer concentration, and injected pore volumes were determined based on preliminary short- and long-column experiments. The flow cell experiments indicated that iron concentration enhancements of at least 0.6% w/w could be obtained using moderate flow rates and injection of 30 pore volumes. The aqueous pressure increased by a maximum of 25 kPa during infiltration, but a decrease in permeability was not observed. Under optimal conditions, the 0.6% amended Fe0 concentration would provide approximately 20 times the average reductive capacity that is provided by the dithionite-reduced Fe(II) in the ISRM barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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14. 4D Proxy Imaging of Fracture Dilation and Stress Shadowing Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography During High Pressure Injections Into a Dense Rock Formation

Author

Johnson, T. C., Burghardt, J., Strickland, C., Knox, H., Vermeul, V., White, M., Schwering, P., Blankenship, D., and Kneafsey, T.

Abstract

Fluid flow through fractured rock systems is governed in large part by the distribution, interconnectivity, and size of fracture apertures. In‐situ stress is one of the primary factors controlling fracture aperture, and one that is altered significantly during high‐pressure fluid injections or extractions. Interactions between stress, pore pressure, aperture, and fluid flow can result in complex and evolving poroelastic behavior with significant implications regarding the predictability and risk involved with developing and managing deep subsurface reservoirs (geothermal, fossil energy, and geologic carbon sequestration). In saturated rocks, bulk electrical conductivity is sensitive to both primary and secondary porosity (i.e., matrix porosity and fractures), and therefore to fracture aperture size and distribution. We demonstrate the use of time‐lapse 3D electrical resistivity tomography for remotely monitoring stress induced changes in aperture distribution during high pressure injections into a dense fractured rock system at a scale of tens of meters. Results reveal a complex and continuously evolving stress field involving aperture dilations in the natural fracture system and aperture contractions in adjacent zones of shadow stress. Results provide information about the spatiotemporal changes in the system behavior and point to the potential of electrical imaging for autonomously and remotely monitoring evolving stress conditions by proxy through changes in bulk electrical conductivity. The state and evolution of the stress exerted on rocks has a governing influence on how fluids migrate through deep, fractured rock systems. Dynamic changes in stress during subsurface fluid injections and extractions are difficult to observe, which limits the ability to optimize the management of subsurface reservoirs. We demonstrate how time‐lapse 3D (i.e., 4D) electrical geophysical imaging can be used to monitor how fractures expand and contract in response to stresses induced during high‐pressure injections into a deep fractured rock formation. Results point to the potential of autonomous electrical imaging for providing actionable feedback information during reservoir operations, enabling enhanced understanding and control. Time‐Lapse 3D ERT imaging is used to monitor stress‐induced fracture dilation and contraction during high pressure injectionsHigh temporal resolution reveals fine details of complex dynamic poroelastic system behavior during and after high pressure injectionsResults demonstrate the potential of ERT for remote, proxy monitoring of changes in stress and fracture aperture in fractured‐rock systems Time‐Lapse 3D ERT imaging is used to monitor stress‐induced fracture dilation and contraction during high pressure injections High temporal resolution reveals fine details of complex dynamic poroelastic system behavior during and after high pressure injections Results demonstrate the potential of ERT for remote, proxy monitoring of changes in stress and fracture aperture in fractured‐rock systems

Published
2021
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15. Fracture and flow designs for the collab/SIGMA-V project

Author

Knox, H., Fu, P., Morris, J., Guglielmi, Y., Vermeul, V., Ajo-Franklin, J., Strickland, C., Johnson, T., Cook, P., Herrick, C., Lee, M., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Carroll, S. A., Chen, T., Condon, C., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Derek Elsworth, Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Kumar, D., Li, K., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Roggenthen, B., Rutqvist, J., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Snyder, N., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Spycher, N., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Suzuki, A., Ulrich, C., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

16. Design and fabrication of a remote-control hydraulic fracturing system

Author

Ingraham, M., Strickland, C., Vermeul, V., Roberts, B., Burghardt, J., Schwering, P., Knox, H., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Halldora Gudmundsdottir, Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

17. Integrated research & development for advancing EGS commercialization - Tipping the scales

Author

Strickland, C., Burghardt, J., Knox, H., Fu, P., Schwering, P., Johnson, T., Kneafsey, T., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

18. The EGS Collab project: Status and Accomplishments

Author

Kneafsey, T., Blankenship, D., Dobson, P., White, M., Morris, J. P., Fu, P., Schwering, P. C., Ajo-Franklin, J. B., Huang, L., Knox, H. A., Strickland, C., Burghardt, J., Johnson, T., Neupane, G., Weers, J., Horne, R., Roggenthen, W., Doe, T., Mattson, E., Ajo-Franklin, J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Burghardt, J. A., Chai, C., Chakravarty, A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Chi, B., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Dobson, P. F., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Feng, Z., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Guglielmi, Y., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Hopp, C., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jafarov, E., Jayne, R. S., Johnson, T. C., Johnson, S. E., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, D., Li, J., Li, K., Li, Z., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Marone, C. J., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Moore, J., Morency, C. E., Myers, T., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Pope, J., Porse, S., Primo, J. C., Reimers, C., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rodriguez-Tribaldos, V., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Soom, F. A., Sprinkle, D. P., Sprinkle, S., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Dennise Templeton, Thomle, J. N., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Welch, N., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

19. Design of a long term hydraulic fracture and flow system

Author

Ingraham, M. D., King, D. K., Knox, H. A., Strickland, C. E., Vermeul, V. R., Guglielmi, Y., Cook, P., Doe, T., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Dobson, P. F., Doughty, C. A., Derek Elsworth, Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

20. Geomechanical evaluation of natural shear fractures in the EGS Collab experiment 1 test bed

Author

Frash, L. P., Welch, N. J., Carey, J. W., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

21. The distribution, orientation, and characteristics of natural fractures for experiment 1 of the EGS collab project, Sanford underground research facility

Author

Ulrich, C., Dobson, P. F., Kneafsey, T. J., Roggenthen, W. M., Uzunlar, N., Doe, T. W., Neupane, G., Podgorney, R., Schwering, P., Frash, L., Singh, A., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Joseph Morris, Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

22. Co-evolution of fracture permeability and friction in rocks from the egs collab experiment 1 site

Author

Yildirim, E. C., Im, K., Derek Elsworth, Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

23. Numerical modeling of seismic and displacement-based monitoring for the EGS Collab project

Author

Huang, L., Chen, Y., Gao, K., Fu, P., Morris, J., Ajo-Franklin, J., Nakagawa, S., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Carroll, S. A., Chen, T., Condon, C., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Hu, M., Huang, H., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Kumar, D., Lee, M., Li, K., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Roggenthen, B., Rutqvist, J., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Snyder, N., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Spycher, N., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Suzuki, A., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

24. Efforts and innovations to promote data sharing and data accessibility in the EGS collab experiments

Author

Fu, P., Weers, J., White, M., Knox, H., Schwering, P., Morris, J., Blankenship, D., Kneafsey, T., Egs Collab Teama, Ajo-Franklin, J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Burghardt, J. A., Chai, C., Chakravarty, A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Chi, B., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Feng, Z., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Guglielmi, Y., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Hopp, C., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jafarov, E., Jayne, R. S., Johnson, T. C., Johnson, S. E., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, D., Li, J., Li, K., Li, Z., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Marone, C. J., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., John McLennan, Mcling, T., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Moore, J., Morency, C. E., Morris, J. P., Myers, T., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Pope, J., Porse, S., Primo, J. C., Reimers, C., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rodriguez-Tribaldos, V., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Soom, F. A., Sprinkle, D. P., Sprinkle, S., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Templeton, D., Thomle, J. N., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Welch, N., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

25. EGS Collab project: Status, tests, and data

Author

Kneafsey, T. J., Dobson, P. F., Ajo-Franklin, J. B., Guglielmi, Y., Valladao, C. A., Blankenship, D. A., Schwering, P. C., Knox, H. A., White, M. D., Johnson, T. C., Strickland, C. E., Vermuel, V. R., Morris, J. P., Fu, P., Mattson, E., Neupane, G. H., Podgorney, R. K., Doe, T. W., Huang, L., Frash, L. P., Ghassemi, A., Roggenthen, W., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jayne, R. S., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Marone, C. J., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Moore, J., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Popejoy, J., Porse, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Su, J., Templeton, D., Thomle, J. N., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

26. The EGS collab project: Stimulation and simulation

Author

Kneafsey, T. J., Dobson, P. F., Ajo-Franklin, J. B., Valladao, C., Blankenship, D. A., Knox, H. A., Schwering, P., Morris, J. P., Smith, M., White, M. D., Johnson, T., Podgorney, R., Mattson, E., Neupane, G., Roggenthen, W., Doe, T., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Pengcheng Fu, Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Thomle, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

27. The role of numerical simulation in the design of stimulation and circulation experiments for the EGS Collab project

Author

White, M., Fu, P., Huang, H., Ghassemi, A., Kneafsey, T., Blankenship, D., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Carroll, S. A., Chen, T., Condon, C., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Hu, M., Huang, L., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, H., Kumar, D., Lee, M., Li, K., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., John McLennan, Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Roggenthen, B., Rutqvist, J., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Snyder, N., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Spycher, N., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Suzuki, A., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

28. Laboratory validation of fracture caging for hydraulic fracture control

Author

Frash, L. P., Arora, K., Gan, Y., Lu, M., Gutierrez, M., Fu, P., Morris, J., Hampton, J., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Derek Elsworth, Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

29. The EGS collab hydrofracture experiment at the Sanford underground research facility - Campaign cross-borehole seismic characterization

Author

Schwering, P. C., Knox, H. A., Hoots, C. R., Linneman, D., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D. A., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T. W., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T. J., Knox, J. M., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E. D., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Joseph Morris, Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R. K., Polsky, Y., Popejoy, J., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W. M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Thomle, J. N., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J. A., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M.

30. EGS Collab project experiment 1 overview and progress

Author

Kneafsey, T. J., Blankenship, D., Dobson, P. F., Knox, H. A., Johnson, T. C., Ajo-Franklin, J. B., Schwering, P. C., Morris, J. P., White, M. D., Podgorney, R., Roggenthen, W., Doe, T., Mattson, E., Valladao, C., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Derek Elsworth, Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Thomle, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

31. Natural fractures and their relationship to the EGS Collab Project in the underground of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)

Author

Roggenthen, W. M., Doe, T. W., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Halldora Gudmundsdottir, Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

32. Hydraulic fracture modeling in support of EGS collab treatment designs

Author

Kutun, K., Miskimins, J. L., Beckers, K. F., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Pengcheng Fu, Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

33. Analysis of pressure/flow response data from the EGS Collab Project

Author

Ingraham, M. D., Knox, H. A., Strickland, C. E., Vermeul, V. R., Burghardt, J. A., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Halldora Gudmundsdottir, Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

34. Fracture tracer injection response to pressure perturbations at an injection well

Author

Mattson, E., Neupane, G., Hawkins, A., Burghardt, J., Ingraham, M., Plummer, M., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

35. Experimental design for hydrofracturing and fluid flow at the DOE EGS collab testbed

Author

Morris, J. P., Fu, P., Dobson, P., Ajo-Franklin, J., Kneafsey, T. J., Knox, H., Blankenship, D., White, M. D., Burghardt, J., Doe, T. W., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

36. Toward real-time microearthquake event detection and location in anisotropic media using a multiscale approach for EGS collab experiments

Author

Chen, Y., Huang, L., Ajo-Franklin, J., Kneafsey, T. J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Popejoy, J., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Thomle, J. N., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

37. EGS Collab Earth modeling: Integrated 3D model of the testbed

Author

Neupane, G., Podgorney, R. K., Huang, H., Mattson, E. D., Kneafsey, T. J., Dobson, P. F., Schoenball, M., Ajo-Franklin, J. B., Ulrich, C., Schwering, P. C., Knox, H. A., Blankenship, D. A., Johnson, T. C., Strickland, C. E., Vermeul, V. R., White, M. D., Roggenthen, W., Uzunlar, N., Doe, T. W., Ajo-Franklin, J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, L., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jayne, R. S., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Li, Z., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Marone, C. J., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Moore, J., Morency, C. E., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Pope, J., Porse, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Sprinkle, P., Su, J., Dennise Templeton, Thomle, J. N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., Welch, N., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

38. An introduction to the EGS Collab project

Author

Dobson, P., Kneafsey, T. J., Blankenship, D., Valladao, C., Morris, J., Knox, H., Schwering, P., White, M., Doe, T., Roggenthen, W., Mattson, E., Podgorney, R., Johnson, T., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J., Carroll, S. A., Chen, T., Condon, C., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Herrick, C. G., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Johnston, B., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kumar, D., Lee, M., Li, K., Maciera, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Rutqvist, J., Santos-Villalobos, H., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Snyder, N., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Spycher, N., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Suzuki, A., Ulrich, C., Uzunlar, N., Vandermeer, W., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

39. The EGS Collab hydroshear experiment at the Sanford underground research facility - Siting criteria and evaluation of candidate sites

Author

Dobson, P., Kneafsey, T., Morris, J., Singh, A., Zoback, M., Roggenthen, W., Doe, T., Neupane, G., Podgorney, R., Wang, H., Knox, H., Schwering, P., Blankenship, D., Ulrich, C., Johnson, T., White, M., Ajo-Franklin, J., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guglielmi, Y., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K., Ingraham, M., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., John McLennan, Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Polsky, Y., Popejoy, J., Porse, S., Richard, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schoenball, M., Sesetty, V., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Thomle, J. N., Uzunlar, N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Weers, J., White, J., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., and Zhou, Q.

40. Slip tendency analysis of fracture networks to determine suitability of candidate testbeds for the EGS collab hydroshear experiment

Author

Singh, A., Zoback, M., Neupane, G., Dobson, P. F., Kneafsey, T. J., Schoenball, M., Guglielmi, Y., Ulrich, C., Roggenthen, W., Uzunlar, N., Morris, J., Fu, P., Schwering, P. C., Knox, H. A., Frash, L., Doe, T. W., Wang, H., Condon, K., Johnston, B., Ajo-Franklin, J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Chen, T., Chen, Y., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jayne, R. S., Johnson, T. C., Satish Karra, Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Kutun, K., Lee, M., Li, K., Li, Z., Lopez, R., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Marone, C. J., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Mcling, T., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Moore, J., Morency, C. E., Morris, J. P., Nakagawa, S., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pan, W., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Pope, J., Porse, S., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Soom, F. A., Sprinkle, P., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Templeton, D., Thomle, J. N., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., Welch, N., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

41. Fracture and flow designs for the collab/SIGMA-V project

Author

Knox, H., Fu, P., Morris, J., Guglielmi, Y., Vermeul, V., Ajo-Franklin, J., Strickland, C., Johnson, T., Cook, P., Herrick, C., Lee, M., Bauer, S. J., Baumgartner, T., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S. T., Burghardt, J. A., Carroll, S. A., Chen, T., Condon, C., Cook, P. J., Dobson, P. F., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Ghassemi, A., Gudmundsdottir, H., Guthrie, G., Haimson, B., Heise, J., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Karra, S., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Kumar, D., Li, K., Maceira, M., Makedonska, N., Marone, C., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., John McLennan, Mcling, T., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Miskimins, J., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Porse, S., Roggenthen, B., Rutqvist, J., Santos-Villalobos, H., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Singh, A., Smith, M. M., Snyder, N., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Spycher, N., Su, J., Suzuki, A., Ulrich, C., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vardiman, D., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wu, Y. S., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, J., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

42. Deterministic Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) Model for the EGS Collab Project on the 4850 Level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF)

Author

Schwering, P. C., Doe, T. W., Roggenthen, W. M., Neupane, G. H., Johnston, H., Dobson, P. F., Ulrich, C., Singh, A., Uzunlar, N., Reimers, C., Ajo-Franklin, J., Baumgartner, T., Beckers, K., Blankenship, D., Bonneville, A., Boyd, L., Brown, S., Burghardt, J. A., Chai, C., Chen, Y., Chi, B., Condon, K., Cook, P. J., Crandall, D., Doe, T., Doughty, C. A., Elsworth, D., Feldman, J., Feng, Z., Foris, A., Frash, L. P., Frone, Z., Fu, P., Gao, K., Ghassemi, A., Guglielmi, Y., Haimson, B., Hawkins, A., Heise, J., Hopp, C., Horn, M., Horne, R. N., Horner, J., Hu, M., Huang, H., Huang, L., Im, K. J., Ingraham, M., Jafarov, E., Jayne, R. S., Johnson, S. E., Johnson, T. C., Johnston, B., Kim, K., King, D. K., Kneafsey, T., Knox, H., Knox, J., Kumar, D., Lee, M., Li, K., Li, Z., Maceira, M., Mackey, P., Makedonska, N., Mattson, E., Mcclure, M. W., Mclennan, J., Medler, C., Mellors, R. J., Metcalfe, E., Moore, J., Morency, C. E., Morris, J. P., Myers, T., Nakagawa, S., Neupane, G., Newman, G., Nieto, A., Oldenburg, C. M., Paronish, T., Pawar, R., Petrov, P., Pietzyk, B., Podgorney, R., Polsky, Y., Pope, J., Porse, S., Primo, J. C., Roberts, B. Q., Robertson, M., Roggenthen, W., Rutqvist, J., Rynders, D., Schoenball, M., Schwering, P., Sesetty, V., Sherman, C. S., Smith, M. M., Sone, H., Sonnenthal, E. L., Soom, F. A., Sprinkle, P., Strickland, C. E., Su, J., Dennise Templeton, Thomle, J. N., Tribaldos, V. R., Vachaparampil, A., Valladao, C. A., Vandermeer, W., Vandine, G., Vardiman, D., Vermeul, V. R., Wagoner, J. L., Wang, H. F., Weers, J., Welch, N., White, J., White, M. D., Winterfeld, P., Wood, T., Workman, S., Wu, H., Wu, Y. S., Yildirim, E. C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Q., Zhou, Q., and Zoback, M. D.

48. Rheological behavior of xanthan gum solution related to shear thinning fluid delivery for subsurface remediation.

Author

Zhong L, Oostrom M, Truex MJ, Vermeul VR, and Szecsody JE

Subjects
Calcium Chloride chemistry, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Lactates chemistry, Osmolar Concentration, Phosphates chemistry, Polymers chemistry, Rheology, Sodium Chloride chemistry, Sodium Lactate chemistry, Solutions, Viscosity, Washington, Polysaccharides, Bacterial chemistry
Abstract

Xanthan gum solutions are shear thinning fluids which can be used as delivery media to improve the distribution of remedial amendments injected into heterogeneous subsurface environments. The rheological behavior of the shear thinning solution needs to be known to develop an appropriate design for field injection. In this study, the rheological properties of xanthan gum solutions were obtained under various chemical and environmental conditions relevant to delivery of remedial amendments to groundwater. Higher xanthan concentration raised the absolute solution viscosity and increased the degree of shear thinning. Addition of remedial amendments (e.g., phosphate, sodium lactate, ethyl lactate) caused the dynamic viscosity of xanthan solutions to decrease, but they maintained shear-thinning properties. Use of mono- and divalent salts (e.g., Na(+), Ca(2+)) to increase the solution ionic strength also decreased the dynamic viscosity of xanthan and the degree of shear thinning, although the effect reversed at high xanthan concentrations. A power law analysis showed that the consistency index is a linear function of the xanthan concentration. The degree of shear thinning, however, is best described using a logarithmic function. Mechanisms to describe the observed empiricism have been discussed. In the absence of sediments, xanthan solutions maintained their viscosity for months. However, the solutions lost their viscosity over a period of days to weeks when in contact with site sediment. Loss of viscosity is attributed to physical and biodegradation processes., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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