Search

As carbon-based nanomaterials have such remarkable physical, chemical, and electrical capabilities, they have become a major focus of materials science study. A thorough examination of several carbon nanomaterial varieties, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon nanodiamonds, is given in this review work. These materials all have distinctive qualities that qualify them for particular uses. This work starts by examining the synthesis processes of these nanomaterials, outlining the ways by which they are made and the variables affecting their ultimate characteristics. The specific features of each kind of carbon nanomaterial will then be briefly discussed in this study, along with their size, structure, and special physical and chemical properties. These materials have a wide range of possible uses in several fields. They are employed in the electronics industry to fabricate sensors, high-speed transistors, and other devices. Their high surface area and electrical conductivity make them useful in energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries. They are applied to environmental remediation and water purification in environmental science. They are employed in biomedicine for biosensing, bioimaging, and medication delivery. Notwithstanding the encouraging uses, the large-scale synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials present several difficulties. This review discusses the importance of carbon nanomaterials by studying their multifaceted properties and potential applications in industries. The novelty of this work lies in its detailed examination of the degradation and toxicity of these materials, which is essential for their safe integration into various technological and biomedical applications. By thoroughly analysing recent experimental results, this review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications.

This paper has been formally retracted from publication by the Publisher due to the fact that the scientific relevance of this work is questionable. Request approved by the Publisher on October 9, 2024.

The building envelope plays a critical role in providing structures with the required energy and thermal comfort performance. Recent studies that concentrate on novel approaches and methodologies have incorporated improvement solutions in this area. The primary strategies used here are examined in order to pinpoint cutting-edge and successful approaches, with an emphasis on phase change materials (PCM). A growing number of building materials are incorporating PCMs due to their improved phase transition heat-storage and release capabilities. In this study, the melt impregnation process was used to create composites made of petroleum wax and metallic foam with a 90% porosity and pore densities of 10 PPI, 20 PPI, and 40 PPI. Two identically sized building models were constructed from gypsum board. Foam insulation board was used to cover the roof of the reference model, while phase change board made of 40 ppi copper foam composite was used to conceal the experimental model's roof. There was a steady flow of heat during the heat transfer experiment.

This research explores the custom-made design of nanomaterial designs to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) framework nanocomposites. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified nano-silica (PVP-SiO2) were deliberately consolidated into the PP matrix, illustrating improved scattering and interaction at the atomic level. Morphological examination uncovered a uniform dissemination of nanofillers, driving to upgrade mechanical properties. Tensile tests illustrated a dynamic increment in Young’s Modulus and Tensile Strength with higher concentrations of nanofillers, especially in definitions NC3 and NC4. Thermal analysis, counting differential checking calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrated hoisted glass move temperatures and upgraded warm solidness. Comparative execution with related works highlighted the special commitments of this ponder, emphasizing green activities, sustainability, and progressions in multifunctionality. The nanocomposites display promising results, with NC3 appearing with a Young’s Modulus of 2.5 GPa and Tensile Strength of 35 MPa, whereas NC4 accomplished a Young’s Modulus of 3.0 GPa and Tensile Quality of 40 MPa. These discoveries emphasize the potential of tailored nanomaterial models for creating high-performance and environmentally capable polymer network nanocomposites.

This paper has been formally retracted from publication by the Publisher due to the fact that the scientific relevance of this work is questionable. Request approved by the Publisher on October 9, 2024.

This research investigates the cutting edge of healthcare advancement through the applications and challenges of nanomaterials focused on sedate conveyance and therapeutics. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and liposomes were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as carriers for doxorubicin, illustrating remarkable medicate stacking capacities of 4.5% and 80.2%, individually. The discharge energy uncovered a Higuchi demonstration for AuNPs and first-order energy for liposomes, exhibiting custom-fitted medicate discharge profiles. In vitro studies illustrated critical cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 12.3 µM for AuNPs in A549 cells and 8.7 µM for liposomes in MCF-7 cells. Cellular take-up rates of 35.6% and 50.2% advance asserted their adequacy. Moving to in vivo studies, the circulation half-life of AuNPs was 6.2 hours, whereas liposomes displayed a longer half-life of 8.5 hours. Bio distribution ponders illustrated particular aggregation within the tumor, coming to 4.8% ID/g for AuNPs and 6.2% ID/g for liposomes. Helpful results included tumor measure decrease and by and large survival rates of 75.4% for AuNPs and 82.7% for liposomes. Comparison with related works highlighted the competitive execution of the created nanomaterials, emphasizing their potential in progressing exactness medication. This research contributes to the advancing scene of nanomedicine, emphasizing personalized and maintainable healthcare arrangements.

A material that composed a components either nanoscale or nano-sized and have improved dielectric characteristics is called a nanocomposite material for dielectric applications. Dielectric materials can sustain an electric field with little energy loss since they are non-conductive. This study examined in detail the optical, morphological, and structural characteristics of materials made of tin dioxide/graphene oxide (SnO2/GO), with an emphasis on the potential uses of these materials as dielectrics. The crystalline nature of the materials was revealed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to clarify the structural properties of the produced nanocomposites. This was done in a systematic manner. For the purpose of enhancing dielectric characteristics, morphological investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal a well-dispersed and linked structure. A significant defect density is discovered in the composite, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum's exclusive Tin (Sn), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) content confirms the originality of the sample. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) of the nanocomposite revealed a 3.7 eV energy of the band gap that is consistent with SnO. The tiny high fault density and grain size are in charge of the dielectric constant's observable increase. The synthesized SnO2/GO nanocomposite shows promising properties use in dielectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With escalating demand for machinability, economical production, health, and environment-related aspects are pushing the present industrial units to drop the usage of harmful-cutting fluid in machining. However, the adaption of this approach for machining difficult-to-cut materials does not ensure favourable outcomes of the tool performance, surface qualities, etc., as friction and heat seriously disturb machining efficiency. This study is focused on near-dry machining employing recently developed hybrid nanofluids-based lubrication in the machining of AISI 52,100 steel. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles are added to the lubrication oil to enhance the performance of the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) system. Taguchi's method-based Grey relational analysis (GRA) is used for the concurrent optimisation of the tool flank wear and surface roughness. The best parametric setting for the multi-response is achieved as: a lubricant flow rate of 150 ml/h, depth of cut of 0.2 mm, and nanofluid with 0.8 wt % of hBN and 0.2 wt % of SiC nanoparticles. The confirmation experimentation concluded that the multi-response factor is enhanced by 2.48% at the optimum setting with the mean values of TFW and SR as 84 and 0.36 µm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crack propagation in composite material due to thermal loading and environmental conditions is a serious issue. The study of the fracture propagation in a composite laminate will help understand the response of the structures under various loads. In the present study, a composite laminate is modelled with an elliptical cut-out and the fracture behaviour of the structure under the application of the thermal load is studied. Finite element analysis was used to obtain the stresses in the structure. Thermal load is applied on the laminate in the form of a constant temperature. The temperatures used in the present study are 30°C, 80°C, 130°C, and 180°C. The stresses in the laminate increased with the increase in the thermal load. The stresses in the normal direction are major stresses in the structure. The stresses in the composite laminate at the thermal load of 180°C is nearly nine times the stress at the 30°C in certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The products made of advanced materials are the buzz amid material scientists as they possess enhanced mechanical properties, leading to development of material such as Duplex Steel 2205. The material being hard and having high strength, machinability along with stringent environmental regulations is a challenge keeping in view the wide range of applications that the material caters like pressure vessels, marine equipment and heat exchanger. The current experimental investigation of flank wear and surface roughness was predicted through ANN model and experimentally evaluated under dry-turning conditions using carbide-tipped inserts. Dry turning was performed by selecting the speed levels of 103, 134, and 174 m/min; feed rate (FR) levels of 0.12, 0.15, and 0.18 mm/rev; and depth of cut (DOC) levels of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm. Experiments were designed using Taguchi-L9 model, optimum cutting speed (134 m/min), feed (0.12 mm/rev), and DOC of (1.0 mm) resulted in least Ra values. The regression model created on the experimental data is in 95% conformance for surface roughness and flank wear. Optimal machining parameters indicate that cutting speed have greatest significance on machining trailed by feed and DOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]