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Shear thickening fluids (STF) represent stabilized and concentrated colloidal suspensions, wherein hard nanoparticles are dispersed within a liquid medium (polymer). Under the influence of impact forces, they exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, effectively dissipating energy through shear thickening. The optimization of the dispersion medium's viscosity is critical, as it not only fosters shear thickening but also facilitates proper particle dispersion. This study investigates the impact of graphene oxide (GO) as an additive in STFs, analyzing both static and dynamic rheological properties. STFs were formulated using colloidal silica particles (600 nm) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-200), with varied concentrations of GO particles (0.12–0.5 % w/W). The systems underwent comprehensive analysis concerning steady-state and dynamic-state rheological behavior under diverse conditions. The findings reveal that the inclusion of GO augments both static and dynamic rheological properties, reaching an apex at an optimal concentration of 0.36 % w/W. GO functions as a network builder within the STF, interacting with the existing particle network to create a more robust and interconnected structure. These enhanced properties underscore the potential of the synthesized STF for applications requiring impact resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a known complication of COVID-19. There is still limited knowledge about this condition. Here, we report the case of a previously healthy toddler boy, who presented with acute liver failure and duodenal lesions resulting in severe haematemesis and haemorrhagic shock, requiring intensive care unit care. The patient had persistent transaminitis, a deranged coagulation profile, inflammatory markers were elevated, and laboratory tests were negative for common infectious hepatitis aetiologies as well as COVID-19 Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. His COVID-19 antibody was reactive. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a Forrest grade III duodenal ulcer. Looking into the constellation of symptoms and laboratory findings a confirmed diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis caused by MIS-C was made. Hence, he was given intravenous methylprednisolone along with intravenous immunoglobulins, after which he improved clinically and transaminitis resolved. The patient was discharged on clinical improvement and was doing fine on follow-up up to 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between testicular biometry and body weight, as well as semen parameters (ejaculate volume and total sperm concentration/ejaculate) in Sirohi and Jamnapari bucks. A total of six bucks (2 Sirohi and 4 Jamnapari) were chosen for testicular biometry. The average body weight for Sirohi and Jamnapari bucks was 48.7±3.0 kg and 38.82±1.3 kg, respectively. Similarly, the average scrotal circumference was measured to be 27.35±0.57 cm for Sirohi bucks and 25.11±0.4 cm for Jamnapari bucks. The semen volume of Sirohi and Jamnapari bucks was recorded to be 1.15±0.1 ml and 0.79±0.0 ml, respectively. Additionally, the total sperm concentration per ejaculate was found to be 3120±165.6 million for Sirohi bucks and 2263±101.0 million for Jamnapari bucks. There was a positive correlation between scrotal circumference and body weight in both the breeds. The measurements of the left testis exceeded those of the right testis at the same age. The semen volume and total sperm concentration per ejaculate showed a strong and statistically significant correlation with almost all testicular indices (p< 0.01). In conclusion, this study could provide valuable insights for the selection of breeding bucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal channel angular pressing causes less uniform deformation than simple shear, even though its not as obvious as with other metal forming procedures. Investigation is done into how internal and external factors affect the deformity inhomogeneity through Equal .channel angular pressing. Finite element analysis of plastic deformity are integrated with die corner angle and the strain harden ability of metallic workpiece. The material characteristics are significantly influenced by the type of plastic shear deformation that occurs through Equal channel angular pressing and this is primarily impacted by the die geometry, the properties of the material and the process factors. Segmenting the workpiece into a front transient zone, end transient zone, outer less sheared zone and the remaining shear deforming zone allowed researchers to examine the uneven strain distribution throughout the workpiece. The deformed geometry for the non-hardening and it was assumed that rate-insensitive materials would be largely homogeneous. In materials that are strain-rate sensitive, gaps between the upper and lower channels developed, whereas strain-hardening materials experienced the corner gap. The strain hardening and implications of strain-rate sensitivity exponent had a considerable impact on the deformation inhomogeneity. Metals having an ultrafine grain microstructure can be created by severe plastic deformation. The FE models were used to affect the process and they all took as inputs the material properties, load variation, Different velocity and boundary conditioned. For the purpose of evaluating the impact of the channel angle on the AA5083 sample, The FE analysis produced the value of strain distribution. When the channel angle was 1200, there was less strain overall, but there was also less concentrated stress in the channel corner area.

The rheological characterization of STFs plays an essential role in understanding the suspension's stability and the structural changes that occur under the impact of shear forces. This study aims to investigate the rheological behavior of STF after adding titanium diboride (TiB2) as an additive. STF modified with 2 % w/W TiB2 compared to other concentrations (1 %, 1.25 %, and 3 %) showed a maximum rise in viscosity (max), i.e., 18,484 Pa s during steady state rheology, as compared to untreated STF. In dynamic rheology, the same sample demonstrated maximum values of G′ and G″ at a constant frequency of 30 rad/s, G′ and G″ improved by 25 and 11 times, respectively, over unmodified STF. Furthermore, for constant strain amplitudes, the maximum values of G′ and G″ were observed at a strain amplitude of 700 %. G′ and G″ improved by approximately 6.5 and 6 times over unmodified STF, respectively. The findings of the dynamic and steady-state rheological analyses demonstrated that integrating TiB2 into the STF improved the ST behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the pivotal role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transforming orthodontic practice, focusing on its profound impact on diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. AI-powered algorithms, coupled with machine learning techniques, have revolutionized orthodontic workflows, enhancing efficiency, precision, and patient outcomes. By analysing vast datasets, AI facilitates predictive modelling for treatment outcomes, aiding orthodontists in devising personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient needs. Moreover, AI-driven image analysis techniques enable automated cephalometric analysis, intraoral scanning, and 3D imaging interpretation, significantly reducing diagnostic errors and streamlining treatment processes. Furthermore, AI-enabled virtual treatment simulations empower patients to visualize treatment outcomes and actively participate in decision-making processes. The integration of AI into orthodontic practice also extends to tele orthodontics, enabling remote monitoring and virtual consultations, thereby enhancing accessibility and convenience for patients. Despite the transformative potential of AI, challenges such as data privacy, algorithm bias, and the need for clinician training must be addressed to ensure its ethical and effective implementation. Nevertheless, the advent of AI heralds a new era in orthodontics, characterized by unprecedented levels of efficiency, accuracy, and patient satisfaction. This paper underscores the revolutionary impact of AI on orthodontic practice and highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with its integration into clinical workflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of methionine at different concentrations (2.0 mM and 2.5 mM) on the seminal parameters before and after cryopreservation of extended Murrah bull semen. Thirty-six ejaculates, collected with the aid of an artificial vagina twice a week from six Murrah bulls, were included in the study. Each ejaculate was diluted in a Tris-citric-acid-fructose-egg-yolk-glycerol (TFYG) extender keeping 80 million sperm per mL and split into three equal aliquots, which were supplemented with methionine {0.0, 2.0 and 2.5 mM; Treatment C, T1 and T2, respectively), filled in 0.25 mL straws, cooled to and equilibrated for 4 h at 4° C, and then frozen in LN2 vapour. Frozen straws were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds in a water bath for the post-thaw evaluation. Sperm motility, percent live sperm, sperm abnormalities, in-vitro fertility tests (HOST and CMPT), and enzyme leakage (AST, ALT) were evaluated at both post-dilution and post-thaw stages. The results revealed that the addition of methionine, at both 2.0 mM and 2.5 mM concentrations significantly (P<0.05) improved sperm motility, sperm livability, and HOS-positive spermatozoa. Further, the sperm abnormalities and enzyme leakage were significantly (P<0.05) lower in methionine-treated groups than in control group. The results were the best with 2.5 mM methionine supplementation. In conclusion, the study showed that methionine at a concentration of 2.5 mM exhibited superior protection of sperm structures and functions as compared to 2.0 mM methionine and the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes a four and a half year old female buffalo that was brought with a history of full term pregnancy. The buffalo had been straining for the past 12 h after the rupture of the water bag, but there was no progress in the delivery process. During the clinical assessment, the buffalo exhibited a normal body temperature, laboured breathing, and showed a slightly increased heart rate and pulse rate. Transvaginal palpation detected a cervix that was completely dilated, with two limbs protruding into the birth canal. The foetal belly was enlarged, rigid, and contained a significant amount of fluid, which caused pressure fluctuations over the pelvic brim. The clinical examination determined that the foetus is in a posterior presentation and there is ascites present. The dystocia was resolved with the use of abdominocentesis or obstetrical manoeuvres at the veterinary clinical complex in Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. The buffalo was successfully recovered without any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effect of L-cysteine hydrochloride as an antioxidant on the in-vitro fertilizing potentials of buffalo spermatozoa through Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and sperm mucus penetration test (CMPT). Thirty-six ejaculates were collected from six Murrah bulls. The semen samples were divided into two groups, and were extended with Tris-citric-acid-fructose-egg-yolk-glycerol (TFYG) extender without additive, i.e., control (C) extender and with L-cysteine hydrochloride (1.0 mM) i.e. treatment (T) extender. The HOST and CMPT were evaluated at both post-dilution and post-thaw stages. The cysteine hydrochloride-fortified group (T) recorded a significant (p<0.05) improvement in HOS-positive spermatozoa and the distance traveled by vanguard spermatozoa as compared to control group. In conclusion, cysteine hydrochloride improves post-thawed sperm functional parameters in Murrah bull semen, indicating that incorporating cysteine hydrochloride into a semen extender may improve fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]