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Background: Road crash deaths in India, which were the highest in the world, are a burden on its demographic dividend and have a tangible impact on poverty. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, type of vehicle, types of road, primary treatment, and safety measures adopted by the victims of road traffic accidents (RTA). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Trauma Center, Madhav Dispensary, J.A. Group of Hospitals Gwalior, M.P. on 528 Victims of RTA between the period of January 01, 2020, and June 30, 2021. The descriptive statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. The data analysis was done in Microsoft Excel Software. Results: In the present study, a total of 528 RTA victims were enquired. Their average age was 33.02±13.31 years, with 81.8% were male and 18.2% were female. Most of the victims (67.80%) were on two-wheeler vehicles. About half of the victims were found to have Head on Collision during accidents. The accidents mostly occurred in the time period from 9.00 am to 9.00 pm. It was observed that 65.90% RTA victims had soft-tissue injury and bony injury. Conclusion: It was vital to obtain valid information of the real importance of RTA along with the preventive action concerning RTAs. It was recommended to provide the basic treatment to victims related with RTA at Primary Care Center of the nearest accident place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic caused devastation among the people living all over the world somewhere a little bit and somewhere major. Previous researches ignores Rural Population of India where most of the people residing. This study was conducted specifically to measure impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Rural population of field practice area Barai in Gwalior. Material and Method: Between January 1 and December 31, 2021, 500 individuals were involved in the current descriptive cross-sectional study, which was done in the rural field practise area of the rural health training centre in Barai, Gwalior and M.P. Calculations for percentage and proportion were made, and the Chi square test was used. Both multivariable logistic regression and binary logistic regression were used. Their 95% CI was used to determine the risk ratio (OR). At the 5% level of significance, P value was observed. Software called SPSS-22 was used for data analysis. Results: In the present study 94.6% do not had any availability of food supply, 2.6% were removed from their jobs. The risk factors associated with the worse impact were occupation and type of family. As compare with the businessman the persons involved in the agriculture (OR: 2.993; 95% CI: 1.158-7.734) and labour (OR: 3.529; 95% CI: 1.250-9.961) were at higher risk. As compared with the joint family participants having Nuclear family were prone to have worse impact of COVID-19 both in univariate (OR: 3.180 ; 95% CI: 1.728-5.855) and multivariate analysis (OR: 3.483; 95% CI: 1.757-6.905). Conclusion: A significant portion of the population was severely impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic in terms of economic, social, and psychological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The community understands, practice and attitude of COVID-19 had an impact on their adherence to preventive actions. This study looked on the community knowledge, attitudes, and practises regarding COVID-19 during the pandemic in rural area of Gwalior District in Madhya Pradesh. Material Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in rural area of Gwalior among 500 Participants. Percentage, Proportion was calculated, Chi square test was applied. Binary logistic regression was applied. Risk Ratio (OR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with their 95% CI was calculated . A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS Windows version 16.0. Result: In the present study 343(68%) Participant had good knowledge of every aspect of Covid-19 Pandemic. The participants who belonged to Joint family were having Excellent Knowledge. The Age group (25-45) years (AOR: 8.77), OBC Caste Category (AOR: 1.11), Nuclear Family (AOR:1.82) were emerged as significant risk for Poor Knowledge. In the present study 431(86%) participants were having Good Attitude. The Age group (25-45) years had less risk for poor attitude (AOR- 0.24); SC/ST Category were found to had less risk for Poor Attitude (AOR-0.14). The Participants who were involved in Agriculture (AOR-0.15) and Labourer (AOR- 0.23) were at Low Risk for Poor Attitude & Nuclear Family were at less risk for Poor Attitude (AOR- 0.42). While 446(89%) Participants were having Good Practice. The participant which belonged to Hindu Religion, SC/ST category and Joint family were having good practices Farmers and literate participant also had good practice Conclusion: This was the first investigation of KAP's role in the COVID-19 outbreak among rural population of Gwalior. According to this study research, Age Group (25-45) years, Joint Family had a strong understanding of COVID-19 and Males, SC/ST category participants and Nuclear family, had favourable attitude and Practice about it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India has the third largest number of people living with HIV/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is important to understand the presentation of HIV disease in the local context and culture. Aims and Objectives: The present study is aimed at identifying the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations of HIV/AIDS patients, opportunistic infections (OI), and the possible risk factors for acquiring HIV infection. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV patients from September 2021 to December 2021. The HIV-positive patients of all age groups and all categories were included in the study. However, the clinical staging was done according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of HIV/AIDS. Data were expressed as mean and percentage proportion with chi square test for measuring statistically significance. Results: Among 140 HIV patients 88 (62.9%) were males. More than half were 101 (72.1%) in the reproductive age group 18-40 years with mean age 35±11.5 years. The commonest mode of HIV transmission was heterosexual 114 (81.4%). Maximum belonged to social Class IV 51 (36.4%) and Class III 47 (33.6%) of socioeconomic status. Fever 92 (65.7%), weight loss 82 (58.7%), and cough 68 (48.6%) were the common presenting. Pulmonary tuberculosis and diarrhea were the most predominant secondary OI accounting for 46 (32.9%) and 35 (25.0%), respectively. More than half 82 (58.6%) of patients were in the WHO clinical Stage II of HIV disease. CD4 counts of the patients were significantly inversely correlated with the number of symptoms and the number of OI. Conclusion: There was a high frequency of behavioral risk factors, together with unawareness among HIV patients, socio-demographic, and clinical profile of study participants reflects an impact of early case detection and timely institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]