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Background: Though higher doses of terbinafine are often prescribed to treat dermatophyte infections, it is unknown if such doses are more effective than the conventional dose because comparative data are unavailable. Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of a once-daily dose of oral terbinafine 250 mg with 500 mg along with topical clotrimazole in the treatment of tinea infections. Methods: A randomised, assessor-blinded, comparative study was carried out. Each group of subjects were administered either 250 mg or 500 mg oral terbinafine once daily for four weeks, along with topical clotrimazole. Clinical improvement was assessed after two weeks and again after four weeks from treatment initiation. Result: A total of 60 patients with tinea corporis and cruris were randomised into two groups receiving either 250 mg (group A) or 500 mg (group B) oral terbinafine, along with clotrimazole cream in both groups. Baseline clinical parameters such as lesional activity (papules, vesicles and pustules), degree of erythema, scaling and severity of itching were comparable between both treatment arms. At the first and second follow-ups, no significant differences were found in the clinical parameters between the two groups. At the end of two weeks 13.8% of group A and 14.3% of group B and after 4 weeks 25.9% of group A and 33.3% of group B participants became KOH negative (P = 1.00 and 0.76, respectively). No significant difference in culture negativity was reported at the end of therapy (four weeks) between the two treatment arms (P = 0.78). Overall cure rates were 20% and 33.3% in the two treatment arms respectively at the end of the study (P = 0.82). Conclusion: Oral terbinafine 250 mg daily yielded a poor cure rate in tinea cruris and corporis after 4 weeks of treatment and an increased dose of 500 mg did not have any additional benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice bean is a less-known underutilized legume crop with a high nutritional value among members of the Vigna family. As an initiative to compose rice bean (Vigna umbellata) genomic resource, the size of 414 mega-base pairs with an estimated identification of 31,276 high confidence index genes via 15,521 scaffolds generated from Illumina and PacBio platform 30X coverage data has achieved 96.08% functional coverage data from Illumina and PacBio platform. Rice bean genome assembly was found to be exquisitely close to Vigna angularis (experimental control/outgroup), Vigna radiata, and Vigna unguiculata, however, Vigna angularis being the closest. The assembled genome was further aligned with 31 leguminous plants (13 complete genomes and 18 partial genomes), by collinearity block mapping. Further, we predicted similar discriminant results by complete coding sequence (CDS) alignment. In contrast, 17 medically influential genomes from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences-National Institutes of Health NIGMS-NIH, when compared to rice bean assembly for LCB clusters, led to the identification of more than 18,000 genes from the entire selected medicinal genomes. Empirical construction of all genome comparisons revealed symplesiomorphic character in turn uncovering the lineage of genetic and functional features of rice beans. Significantly, we found deserving late-flowering genes, palatably indexed uncommon genes that regulate various metabolite pathways, related to abiotic and biotic stress pathways and those that are specific to photoperiod and disease resistance and so on. Therefore, the findings from this report address the genomic value of rice bean to be escalated via breeding by allied and applied approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivars ofTriticum aestivum,T. durum, andSecale cerealewere grown at low (2 μM) and sufficient (500 μM) phosphorus (P) under ambient carbon dioxide (380 μmol mol−1; aCO2) and elevated CO2(700 μmol mol−1, eCO2) to study responses of cereal species in terms of growth and P utilization efficiency (PUE) under P x CO2interaction. Dry matter accumulation increased under eCO2with sufficient P. Nevertheless, dry matter accumulated at eCO2with low-P was similar to that obtained at aCO2with sufficient P. Leaf area was 43% higher under eCO2with sufficient P. Significant increase in lateral root density, length and surface area were noted at low-P under eCO2. Phosphorus use efficience (PUE) increased by 59% in response to eCO2­in low-P plants. Thus, eCO2can partly compensate effect of low-P supply because of improved utilization efficiency. Among cereals, durum wheat was more suitable in terms of PUE under high CO2and limiting P supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purple acid phosphatases belong to metallo-phosphatase family. Intracellular phosphatases are crucial for phosphorus (P) distribution in the cell and are highly induced in phosphorus-deprived conditions in the soil. Disparate PAP isoforms exist within discrete subcellular compartments in Setaria italica and their expression in P deprived conditions fosters phosphorus amelioration. We isolated the SiPAP18 gene and developed the homology SiPAP18 protein model based on the crystal structure of the Kidney bean PvPAP (PDB ID: 2QFP) as template (sequence similarity 42.7%) using Modeller 9.12 with adequate validation. Structure model analysis shows the significance of five conserved signatures with seven metal-paired amino acid residues during P-deprivation induced phosphorus amelioration., (© 2021 Biomedical Informatics.)