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Premature newborns face significant risks of reduced bone mineral content ensuing osteopenia which are more likely to occur in high‑risk newborns, particularly preterms who are on corticosteroids or diuretics for an extended period or have neuromuscular issues. The methodology prescribed by Arksey and O’Malley was followed. Database searches using PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro were performed for original research published in English between 2011 and 2022. Nine studies have shown that there are few papers on the role of physical therapy in preventing osteopenia of prematurity among newborns. The ability of a newborn to perform functionally is improved by early identification and exercise exposure. This scoping review aims to identify relevant and reliable studies that discuss the use of physical therapy to treat preterm newborns as this will decrease the chances of future complications among children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic library websites are considered an integral tool for disseminating libraries’ information, resources, and services. It also encourages users to interact and use library resources and services remotely. The spread of COVID-19 and the nationwide lockdown shifted the education system to an online mode of teaching and learning. The present study aims to analyse the usability criteria of the Central Universities’ library websites, the availability of various facilities & services provided during the pandemic, to know the mode of information dissemination during the pandemic, and the preventive measures undertaken by the Central University library websites to combat the Corona Virus. The study reveals that Aligarh Muslim University and the Central University of Orissa have adopted all possible means and modes to provide information to its users to combat the struggles during the pandemic through their library websites. However, certain Central University websites like the Central University of South Bihar have provided the least services for their users during the pandemic. The study also highlighted the essential steps initiated by the selected libraries to fulfill the information needs of their users, and those services may be opted by others to meet the post-lockdown needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Football is a highly regarded and widely appreciated sport that is played throughout the globe. It is a quick game that involves continuous running and jumping activities as per game demands. Hop tests are functional test that can be used to assess power and strength of lower limbs and helps to decide fitness level of a player. In most studies this test is used after Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction for return to sport and comparison between dominant and non dominant leg. Aim: To establish a normative value of hop test {Single Leg Hop Test (SLHT), Triple Leg Hop Test (TLHT) and 6-minute Timed Hop Test (6-mHT)} and its association with Body Mass Index (BMI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 in the Department of Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, from December 2023 to February 2024. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 280 players, aged between 18-25 years. Inclusion criteria was 3 years of systematic football training with 3-4 training sessions weekly and 8 hour of football training per week. The SLHT, TLHT and 6-mHT were used to assess functional testing of players. Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed data was non normal, expressed in the form of Median {Interquartile Range (IQR)} and Median (Range). Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to check association between BMI and hop test. Results: Normative values were established for SLHT 150 (25), 153.64 (127-177); TLHT 448 (101.25), 446.88 (368-522); 6-mHT 2.45 (1.49), 2.84 (1.95-4.30). Phi-Cramer’s test showed that SLHT and 6-mHT have a very weak association with BMI having p-value=0.047 and <0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Normative values were established for hop test and it showed a very strong association between BMI and TLHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Football is an intermittent sport which requires agility as essential trait for player conditioning, selection and prevention of injury. Agility is a conditional motoric attribute classified as a locomotor skill combining both a muscular and cognitive component. Previous study, revealed that Illinois and T-test were most significant tests to evaluate agility. Aim: To evaluate and quantify the difference in agility between male and female footballers. Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling was used in this crosssectional study. 30 professional football players, aged between 18- 25 years with normal BMI and had atleast 3 years of systematic football training with 3-4 training sessions weekly and 8 hours of football training per week were included. Those players who had visual/hearing impairments, history of lower limb fractures, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction and meniscectomy were excluded from the study. Illinois and T-test was used to access agility of football players. Normality of data was checked using ShapiroWilk test. Descriptive statistics in form of Mean±SD were used to find normative value and Independent T-test was utilised to quantify the difference. Results: Reference value of male and female player’s agility in T-test was 10.35±0.58 and 14.52±0.50 whereas for Illinois test it is 16.34±0.79 and 18.12±1.02 respectively. Independent T- test showed significant difference in male and female agility for both Illinois and T-test (p<0.001). Conclusion: Normative values are established for both genders. It is concluded that female players are clinically and statistically less agile when compared to male players (p-value <0.001) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse a PDE system modelling poromechanical processes (formulated in mixed form using the solid deformation, fluid pressure, and total pressure) interacting with diffusing and reacting solutes in the medium. We investigate the well-posedness of the nonlinear set of equations using fixed-point theory, Fredholm's alternative, a priori estimates, and compactness arguments. We also propose a mixed finite element method and demonstrate the stability of the scheme. Error estimates are derived in suitable norms, and numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the mechano-chemical coupling and to verify the theoretical rates of convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]