Search

The Curie temperature is an important thermo-characteristic of magnetic materials, which causes a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by changing the spontaneous re-arrangement of their spins (intrinsic magnetic mechanism) due to an increase in temperature. The self-control-temperature (SCT) leads to the conversion of ferro/ferrimagnetic materials to paramagnetic materials, which can extend the temperature-based applications of these materials from industrial nanotechnology to the biomedical field. In this case, magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH) with self-control-temperature has been proposed as a physical thermo-therapeutic method for killing cancer tumors in a biologically safe environment. Specifically, the thermal source of MIH is magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and thus their biocompatibility and Curie temperature are two important properties, where the former is required for their clinical application, while the latter acts as a switch to automatically control the temperature of MIH. In this review, we focus on the Curie temperature of magnetic materials and provide a complete overview beginning with basic magnetism and its inevitable relation with Curie's law, theoretical prediction and experimental measurement of the Curie temperature. Furthermore, we discuss the significance, evolution from different types of alloys to ferrites and impact of the shape, size, and concentration of particles on the Curie temperature considering the proposed SCT-based MIH together with their biocompatibility. Also, we highlight the thermal efficiency of MNPs in destroying tumor cells and the significance of a low Curie temperature. Finally, the challenges, concluding remarks, and future perspectives in promoting self-control-temperature based MIH to clinical application are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dependence of decay modes of hot compound nuclei formed in 8 6 Kr + 1 3 4 , 1 3 8 Ba reactions on the angular momentum has been analyzed using the dynamical cluster-decay model. This has been done by analyzing the change of fragmentation potential, preformation probability, penetrability and cross-section as a function of the fragment mass number at various values of the angular momentum. The evaporation residue cross-section calculated using dynamical cluster-decay model has been compared with the measured one for the channels: n + α n , 2 n + α 2 n , n p + α n p for the decay of 2 2 0 U ∗ and n + α n + 2 α n for 2 2 4 U ∗ . The summed up fragment cross-sections for the light particles, intermediate mass fragments and fission fragments as a function of angular momentum have been studied which gives an idea for the change of reaction mechanism with angular momentum. The charge distribution of the fission fragment cross-section shows an odd–even staggering, i.e., the probability of even-Z fission fragments is relatively higher than others. The mass distributions obtained within the dynamical cluster-decay model for the decay of 2 2 0 , 2 2 4 U ∗ are in conformity with mass distributions determined by means of the double kinetic-energy technique in literature. The position of the most probable channel has been found to be fixed to a constant atomic number instead of mass number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction mechanism for the decay of the hot and rotating compound system Mo formed in Ca reaction and the time for the emission of outgoing fragments have been analyzed within the quantum-mechanical fragmentation theory based dynamical cluster-decay model, at three incident energies. The incident energy effects have been analyzed by comparing the decay modes at three incident energies, i.e. we have calculated and compared the (i) mass, charge, and angular momentum distribution of the cross section for light particles and intermediate mass fragments, (ii) angular momentum distribution of the reaction cross section, (iii) probability of compound nucleus and evaporation processes in the reaction, (iv) mass variation of the kinetic energy, velocity, penetration path length and time for the penetration process, and (v) average time for the process of emission of light particles, intermediate mass fragments and fission fragments. The reaction mechanism has been analyzed from the study of the variation of the reaction cross section with angular momentum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiclassical particle-rotor model (SCM) has been used for the calculation of reduced electric quadrupole transition rates B(E2) for the νh11/2 negative parity band in 101Ru. The B(E2) values are found to exhibit a decreasing behavior with increasing spin values in the range 27/2 ℏ≤ I ≤ 47/2 ℏ. For the higher spin states, the experimental dynamic moment of inertia ℑ(2) is also in the range of AMR bands. The calculation of spin (ℏ) versus frequency (MeV) for the π(g9/2)−2⊗ν[h11/2(g7/2)2] configuration with the core contribution of 2 ℏ is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results and favors the possibility of AMR phenomenon in νh11/2 negative parity band in 101Ru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]