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1. Predicting bee community responses to land-use changes: Effects of geographic and taxonomic biases.

Author

De Palma, Adriana, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Aizen, Marcelo A, Albrecht, Matthias, Basset, Yves, Bates, Adam, Blake, Robin J, Boutin, Céline, Bugter, Rob, Connop, Stuart, Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A, Darvill, Ben, Diekötter, Tim, Dorn, Silvia, Downing, Nicola, Entling, Martin H, Farwig, Nina, Felicioli, Antonio, Fonte, Steven J, Fowler, Robert, Franzén, Markus, Goulson, Dave, Grass, Ingo, Hanley, Mick E, Hendrix, Stephen D, Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Holzschuh, Andrea, Jauker, Birgit, Kessler, Michael, Knight, ME, Kruess, Andreas, Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, Lentini, Pia, Malone, Louise A, Marshall, Jon, Pachón, Eliana Martínez, McFrederick, Quinn S, Morales, Carolina L, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Nilsson, Sven G, Öckinger, Erik, Osgathorpe, Lynne, Parra-H, Alejandro, Peres, Carlos A, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Richards, Miriam H, Roulston, T'ai, Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P, Samnegård, Ulrika, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stout, Jane C, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Tscharntke, Teja, Tylianakis, Jason M, Verboven, Hans AF, Vergara, Carlos H, Verhulst, Jort, Westphal, Catrin, Yoon, Hyung Joo, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
Animals, Bees, Conservation of Natural Resources, Geography
Abstract

Land-use change and intensification threaten bee populations worldwide, imperilling pollination services. Global models are needed to better characterise, project, and mitigate bees' responses to these human impacts. The available data are, however, geographically and taxonomically unrepresentative; most data are from North America and Western Europe, overrepresenting bumblebees and raising concerns that model results may not be generalizable to other regions and taxa. To assess whether the geographic and taxonomic biases of data could undermine effectiveness of models for conservation policy, we have collated from the published literature a global dataset of bee diversity at sites facing land-use change and intensification, and assess whether bee responses to these pressures vary across 11 regions (Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe; North, Central and South America; Australia and New Zealand; South East Asia; Middle and Southern Africa) and between bumblebees and other bees. Our analyses highlight strong regionally-based responses of total abundance, species richness and Simpson's diversity to land use, caused by variation in the sensitivity of species and potentially in the nature of threats. These results suggest that global extrapolation of models based on geographically and taxonomically restricted data may underestimate the true uncertainty, increasing the risk of ecological surprises.

Published
2016

2. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha LL, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen RP, Alhusseini, Tamera I, Bedford, Felicity E, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Burton, Victoria J, Chng, Charlotte WT, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David LP, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Emerson, Susan R, Gao, Di, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle LK, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D, Pan, Yuan, Pask-Hale, Gwilym D, Pynegar, Edwin L, Robinson, Alexandra N, Sanchez-Ortiz, Katia, Senior, Rebecca A, Simmons, Benno I, White, Hannah J, Zhang, Hanbin, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Albertos, Belén, Alcala, EL, Del Mar Alguacil, Maria, Alignier, Audrey, Ancrenaz, Marc, Andersen, Alan N, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aumann, Tom, Axmacher, Jan C, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Bakayoko, Adama, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Baral, Sharad K, Barlow, Jos, Barratt, Barbara IP, Barrico, Lurdes, Bartolommei, Paola, Barton, Diane M, Basset, Yves, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Baur, Bruno, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Benedick, Suzan, Berg, Åke, Bernard, Henry, Berry, Nicholas J, Bhatt, Dinesh, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Blake, Robin J, Bobo, Kadiri S, Bóçon, Roberto, Boekhout, Teun, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Bonham, Kevin J, Borges, Paulo AV, Borges, Sérgio H, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Bragagnolo, Cibele, Brandt, Jodi S, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Bros, Vicenç, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buddle, Christopher M, Bugter, Rob, Buscardo, Erika, Buse, Jörn, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Cáceres, Nilton C, Cagle, Nicolette L, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Caparrós, Rut, Cardoso, Pedro, Carpenter, Dan, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Cassano, Camila R, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Rolando, Cerda B, Cerezo, Alexis, Chapman, Kim Alan, Chauvat, Matthieu, Christensen, Morten, Clarke, Francis M, Cleary, Daniel FR, Colombo, Giorgio, Connop, Stuart P, Craig, Michael D, Cruz-López, Leopoldo, Cunningham, Saul A, D'Aniello, Biagio, D'Cruze, Neil, Da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Dallimer, Martin, Danquah, Emmanuel, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Davis, Adrian LV, Dawson, Jeff, De Sassi, Claudio, De Thoisy, Benoit, Deheuvels, Olivier, Dejean, Alain, Devineau, Jean-Louis, Diekötter, Tim, Dolia, Jignasu V, Domínguez, Erwin, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dorn, Silvia, Draper, Isabel, Dreber, Niels, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Eggleton, Paul, Eigenbrod, Felix, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Esler, Karen J, De Lima, Ricardo F, Faruk, Aisyah, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Fensham, Roderick J, Fernandez, Ignacio C, Ferreira, Catarina C, Ficetola, Gentile F, Fiera, Cristina, Filgueiras, Bruno KC, Fırıncıoğlu, Hüseyin K, Flaspohler, David, Floren, Andreas, Fonte, Steven J, Fournier, Anne, Fowler, Robert E, Franzén, Markus, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fredriksson, Gabriella M, Freire, Geraldo B, Frizzo, Tiago LM, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Gaigher, René, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, García, Karla P, Garcia-R, Juan C, Garden, Jenni G, Garilleti, Ricardo, Ge, Bao-Ming, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gerard, Philippa J, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Gilbert, Benjamin, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Golodets, Carly, Gomes, Laurens GL, Gould, Rachelle K, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Granjon, Laurent, Grass, Ingo, Gray, Claudia L, Grogan, James, Gu, Weibin, Guardiola, Moisès, Gunawardene, Nihara R, Gutierrez, Alvaro G, Gutiérrez-Lamus, Doris L, Haarmeyer, Daniela H, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hassan, Shombe N, Hatfield, Richard G, Hawes, Joseph E, Hayward, Matt W, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Henschel, Philipp, Hernández, Lionel, Herrera, James P, Herrmann, Farina, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Höfer, Hubert, Hoffmann, Anke, Horgan, Finbarr G, Hornung, Elisabeth, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishida, Hiroaki, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Hernández, F Jiménez, Johnson, McKenzie F, Jolli, Virat, Jonsell, Mats, Juliani, S Nur, Jung, Thomas S, Kapoor, Vena, Kappes, Heike, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kellner, Klaus, Kessler, Michael, Kirby, Kathryn R, Kittle, Andrew M, Knight, Mairi E, Knop, Eva, Kohler, Florian, Koivula, Matti, Kolb, Annette, Kone, Mouhamadou, Kőrösi, Ádám, Krauss, Jochen, Kumar, Ajith, Kumar, Raman, Kurz, David J, Kutt, Alex S, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Lara, Francisco, Lasky, Jesse R, Latta, Steven C, Laurance, William F, Lavelle, Patrick, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Lehouck, Valérie, Lencinas, María V, Lentini, Pia E, Letcher, Susan G, Li, Qi, Litchwark, Simon A, Littlewood, Nick A, Liu, Yunhui, Lo-Man-Hung, Nancy, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Luskin, Matthew S, MacSwiney G, M Cristina, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Malone, Louise A, Malonza, Patrick K, Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba, Mandujano, Salvador, Måren, Inger E, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marsh, Charles J, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, Eliana, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Moreno Mateos, David, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mazimpaka, Vicente, McCarthy, Jennifer L, McCarthy, Kyle P, McFrederick, Quinn S, McNamara, Sean, Medina, Nagore G, Medina, Rafael, Mena, Jose L, Mico, Estefania, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Miranda-Esquivel, Daniel R, Moir, Melinda L, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Mudri-Stojnic, Sonja, Munira, A Nur, Muoñz-Alonso, Antonio, Munyekenye, BF, Naidoo, Robin, Naithani, A, Nakagawa, Michiko, Nakamura, Akihiro, Nakashima, Yoshihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A, Navarro-Iriarte, Luis, Ndang'ang'a, Paul K, Neuschulz, Eike L, Ngai, Jacqueline T, Nicolas, Violaine, Nilsson, Sven G, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Norton, David A, Nöske, Nicole M, Nowakowski, A Justin, Numa, Catherine, O'Dea, Niall, O'Farrell, Patrick J, Oduro, William, Oertli, Sabine, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Christopher Omamoke, Oostra, Vicencio, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Otavo, Samuel Eduardo, Page, Navendu V, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Parry, Luke, Pe'er, Guy, Pearman, Peter B, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Pélissier, Raphaël, Peres, Carlos A, Peri, Pablo L, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Peters, Marcell K, Pethiyagoda, Rohan S, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Pillsbury, Finn C, Pincheira-Ulbrich, Jimmy, Pineda, Eduardo, Pino, Joan, Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Plumptre, AJ, Poggio, Santiago L, Politi, Natalia, Pons, Pere, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Rader, Romina, Ramesh, BR, Ramirez-Pinilla, Martha P, Ranganathan, Jai, Rasmussen, Claus, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Rey Benayas, José M, Rey-Velasco, Juan Carlos, Reynolds, Chevonne, Ribeiro, Danilo Bandini, Richards, Miriam H, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Ríos, Rodrigo Macip, Robinson, Richard, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rös, Matthias, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roth, Dana S, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Rubio, André V, Ruel, Jean-Claude, Sadler, Jonathan P, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Sam, Katerina, Samnegård, Ulrika, Santana, Joana, Santos, Xavier, Savage, Jade, Schellhorn, Nancy A, Schilthuizen, Menno, Schmiedel, Ute, Schmitt, Christine B, Schon, Nicole L, Schüepp, Christof, Schumann, Katharina, Schweiger, Oliver, Scott, Dawn M, Scott, Kenneth A, Sedlock, Jodi L, Seefeldt, Steven S, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Shannon, Graeme, Sheil, Douglas, Sheldon, Frederick H, Shochat, Eyal, Siebert, Stefan J, Silva, Fernando AB, Simonetti, Javier A, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith, Jo, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Soto Quiroga, Grimaldo, St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Starzomski, Brian M, Stefanescu, Constanti, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stouffer, Philip C, Stout, Jane C, Strauch, Ayron M, Struebig, Matthew J, Su, Zhimin, Suarez-Rubio, Marcela, Sugiura, Shinji, Summerville, Keith S, Sung, Yik-Hei, Sutrisno, Hari, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Teder, Tiit, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tiitsaar, Anu, Todd, Jacqui H, Tonietto, Rebecca K, Torre, Ignasi, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason M, Uehara-Prado, Marcio, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas, Vallan, Denis, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans AF, Verdasca, Maria João, Verdú, José R, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Virgilio, Massimiliano, Vu, Lien Van, Waite, Edward M, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Hua-Feng, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Weller, Britta, Wells, Konstans, Westphal, Catrin, Wiafe, Edward D, Williams, Christopher D, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John CZ, Wolf, Jan HD, Wolters, Volkmar, Woodcock, Ben A, Wu, Jihua, Wunderle, Joseph M, Yamaura, Yuichi, Yoshikura, Satoko, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Zeidler, Juliane, Zou, Fasheng, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
global biodiversity modeling, data sharing, land use, 15. Life on land, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

3. The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts

Author

Hudson, Lawrence N, Newbold, Tim, Contu, Sara, Hill, Samantha LL, Lysenko, Igor, De Palma, Adriana, Phillips, Helen RP, Senior, Rebecca A, Bennett, Dominic J, Booth, Hollie, Choimes, Argyrios, Correia, David LP, Day, Julie, Echeverría-Londoño, Susy, Garon, Morgan, Harrison, Michelle LK, Ingram, Daniel J, Jung, Martin, Kemp, Victoria, Kirkpatrick, Lucinda, Martin, Callum D, Pan, Yuan, White, Hannah J, Aben, Job, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Adum, Gilbert B, Aguilar-Barquero, Virginia, Aizen, Marcelo A, Ancrenaz, Marc, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Armbrecht, Inge, Azhar, Badrul, Azpiroz, Adrián B, Baeten, Lander, Báldi, András, Banks, John E, Barlow, Jos, Batáry, Péter, Bates, Adam J, Bayne, Erin M, Beja, Pedro, Berg, Åke, Berry, Nicholas J, Bicknell, Jake E, Bihn, Jochen H, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boekhout, Teun, Boutin, Céline, Bouyer, Jérémy, Brearley, Francis Q, Brito, Isabel, Brunet, Jörg, Buczkowski, Grzegorz, Buscardo, Erika, Cabra-García, Jimmy, Calviño-Cancela, María, Cameron, Sydney A, Cancello, Eliana M, Carrijo, Tiago F, Carvalho, Anelena L, Castro, Helena, Castro-Luna, Alejandro A, Cerda, Rolando, Cerezo, Alexis, Chauvat, Matthieu, Clarke, Frank M, Cleary, Daniel FR, Connop, Stuart P, D'Aniello, Biagio, Da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Darvill, Ben, Dauber, Jens, Dejean, Alain, Diekötter, Tim, Dominguez-Haydar, Yamileth, Dormann, Carsten F, Dumont, Bertrand, Dures, Simon G, Dynesius, Mats, Edenius, Lars, Elek, Zoltán, Entling, Martin H, Farwig, Nina, Fayle, Tom M, Felicioli, Antonio, Felton, Annika M, Ficetola, Gentile F, Filgueiras, Bruno KC, Fonte, Steven J, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Fukuda, Daisuke, Furlani, Dario, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Garden, Jenni G, Gheler-Costa, Carla, Giordani, Paolo, Giordano, Simonetta, Gottschalk, Marco S, Goulson, Dave, Gove, Aaron D, Grogan, James, Hanley, Mick E, Hanson, Thor, Hashim, Nor R, Hawes, Joseph E, Hébert, Christian, Helden, Alvin J, Henden, John-André, Hernández, Lionel, Herzog, Felix, Higuera-Diaz, Diego, Hilje, Branko, Horgan, Finbarr G, Horváth, Roland, Hylander, Kristoffer, Isaacs-Cubides, Paola, Ishitani, Masahiro, Jacobs, Carmen T, Jaramillo, Víctor J, Jauker, Birgit, Jonsell, Mats, Jung, Thomas S, Kapoor, Vena, Kati, Vassiliki, Katovai, Eric, Kessler, Michael, Knop, Eva, Kolb, Annette, Kőrösi, Ádám, Lachat, Thibault, Lantschner, Victoria, Le Féon, Violette, LeBuhn, Gretchen, Légaré, Jean-Philippe, Letcher, Susan G, Littlewood, Nick A, López-Quintero, Carlos A, Louhaichi, Mounir, Lövei, Gabor L, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban, Luja, Victor H, Maeto, Kaoru, Magura, Tibor, Mallari, Neil Aldrin, Marin-Spiotta, Erika, Marshall, EJP, Martínez, Eliana, Mayfield, Margaret M, Mikusinski, Grzegorz, Milder, Jeffrey C, Miller, James R, Morales, Carolina L, Muchane, Mary N, Muchane, Muchai, Naidoo, Robin, Nakamura, Akihiro, Naoe, Shoji, Nates-Parra, Guiomar, Navarrete Gutierrez, Dario A, Neuschulz, Eike L, Noreika, Norbertas, Norfolk, Olivia, Noriega, Jorge Ari, Nöske, Nicole M, O'Dea, Niall, Oduro, William, Ofori-Boateng, Caleb, Oke, Chris O, Osgathorpe, Lynne M, Paritsis, Juan, Parra-H, Alejandro, Pelegrin, Nicolás, Peres, Carlos A, Persson, Anna S, Petanidou, Theodora, Phalan, Ben, Philips, T Keith, Poveda, Katja, Power, Eileen F, Presley, Steven J, Proença, Vânia, Quaranta, Marino, Quintero, Carolina, Redpath-Downing, Nicola A, Reid, J Leighton, Reis, Yana T, Ribeiro, Danilo B, Richardson, Barbara A, Richardson, Michael J, Robles, Carolina A, Römbke, Jörg, Romero-Duque, Luz Piedad, Rosselli, Loreta, Rossiter, Stephen J, Roulston, T'ai H, Rousseau, Laurent, Sadler, Jonathan P, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Saldaña-Vázquez, Romeo A, Samnegård, Ulrika, Schüepp, Christof, Schweiger, Oliver, Sedlock, Jodi L, Shahabuddin, Ghazala, Sheil, Douglas, Silva, Fernando AB, Slade, Eleanor M, Smith-Pardo, Allan H, Sodhi, Navjot S, Somarriba, Eduardo J, Sosa, Ramón A, Stout, Jane C, Struebig, Matthew J, Sung, Yik-Hei, Threlfall, Caragh G, Tonietto, Rebecca, Tóthmérész, Béla, Tscharntke, Teja, Turner, Edgar C, Tylianakis, Jason M, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vassilev, Kiril, Verboven, Hans AF, Vergara, Carlos H, Vergara, Pablo M, Verhulst, Jort, Walker, Tony R, Wang, Yanping, Watling, James I, Wells, Konstans, Williams, Christopher D, Willig, Michael R, Woinarski, John CZ, Wolf, Jan HD, Woodcock, Ben A, Yu, Douglas W, Zaitsev, Andrey S, Collen, Ben, Ewers, Rob M, Mace, Georgina M, Purves, Drew W, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, and Purvis, Andy

Subjects
land use, Data sharing, 14. Life underwater, 15. Life on land, global change, habitat destruction
Abstract

Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - http://www.predicts.org.uk). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.

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