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1. Evaluating airborne, mobile and terrestrial laser scanning for urban tree inventories: A case study in Ghent, Belgium

Author: D’hont, B., Calders, K., Bartholomeus, H., Lau, A., Terryn, L., Verhelst, T.E., and Verbeeck, H.
Published: 2024
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2. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Abstract: Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1–6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
Published: 2024

3. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest tha
Published: 2024
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4. Explore before you restore : Incorporating complex systems thinking in ecosystem restoration

Author: Maes, S.L., Perring, M.P., Cohen, R., Akinnifesi, F.K., Bargués-Tobella, A., Bastin, J.F., Bauters, M., Bernardino, P.N., Brancalion, P.H.S., Bullock, J.M., Ellison, D., Fayolle, A., Fremout, T., Gann, G.D., Hishe, H., Holmgren, M., Ilstedt, U., Mahy, G., Messier, C., Parr, C.L., Ryan, C.M., Sacande, M., Sankaran, M., Scheffer, M.S., Suding, K.N., Van Meerbeek, K., Verbeeck, H., Verbist, B.J.P., Verheyen, K., Winowiecki, L.A., Muys, B., Maes, S.L., Perring, M.P., Cohen, R., Akinnifesi, F.K., Bargués-Tobella, A., Bastin, J.F., Bauters, M., Bernardino, P.N., Brancalion, P.H.S., Bullock, J.M., Ellison, D., Fayolle, A., Fremout, T., Gann, G.D., Hishe, H., Holmgren, M., Ilstedt, U., Mahy, G., Messier, C., Parr, C.L., Ryan, C.M., Sacande, M., Sankaran, M., Scheffer, M.S., Suding, K.N., Van Meerbeek, K., Verbeeck, H., Verbist, B.J.P., Verheyen, K., Winowiecki, L.A., and Muys, B.
Abstract: The global movement for ecosystem restoration has gained momentum in response to the Bonn Challenge (2010) and the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UNDER, 2021–2030). While several science-based guidelines exist to aid in achieving successful restoration outcomes, significant variation remains in the outcomes of restoration projects. Some of this disparity can be attributed to unexpected responses of ecosystem components to planned interventions. Given the complex nature of ecosystems, we propose that concepts from Complex Systems Science (CSS) that are linked to non-linearity, such as regime shifts, ecological resilience and ecological feedbacks, should be employed to help explain this variation in restoration outcomes from an ecological perspective. Our framework, Explore Before You Restore, illustrates how these concepts impact restoration outcomes by influencing degradation and recovery trajectories. Additionally, we propose incorporating CSS concepts into the typical restoration project cycle through a CSS assessment phase and suggest that the need for such assessment is explicitly included in the guidelines to improve restoration outcomes. To facilitate this inclusion and make it workable by practitioners, we describe indicators and methods available for restoration teams to answer key questions that should make up such CSS assessment. In doing so, we identify key outstanding science and policy tasks that are needed to further operationalize CSS assessment in restoration. Synthesis and applications. By illustrating how key Complex Systems Science (CSS) concepts linked to non-linear threshold behaviour can impact restoration outcomes through influencing recovery trajectories, our framework Explore Before You Restore demonstrates the need to incorporate Complex Systems thinking in ecosystem restoration. We argue that inclusion of CSS assessment into restoration project cycles, and more broadly, into international restoration guidelines, may significantly impr
Published: 2024

5. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Published: 2024

6. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author: Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Crowther, T., Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Published: 2024
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7. Carbon and energy fluxes in cropland ecosystems: a model-data comparison

Author: Lokupitiya, E, Denning, AS, Schaefer, K, Ricciuto, D, Anderson, R, Arain, MA, Baker, I, Barr, AG, Chen, G, Chen, JM, Ciais, P, Cook, DR, Dietze, M, El Maayar, M, Fischer, M, Grant, R, Hollinger, D, Izaurralde, C, Jain, A, Kucharik, C, Li, Z, Liu, S, Li, L, Matamala, R, Peylin, P, Price, D, Running, SW, Sahoo, A, Sprintsin, M, Suyker, AE, Tian, H, Tonitto, C, Torn, M, Verbeeck, H, Verma, SB, and Xue, Y
Subjects: Carbon and energy fluxes, Cropland ecosystems, Land-atmosphere exchange, Model-data comparison, Cropland carbon and energy exchange, Agronomy & Agriculture, Other Chemical Sciences, Geochemistry, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract: Croplands are highly productive ecosystems that contribute to land–atmosphere exchange of carbon, energy, and water during their short growing seasons. We evaluated and compared net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) simulated by a suite of ecosystem models at five agricultural eddy covariance flux tower sites in the central United States as part of the North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis project. Most of the models overestimated H and underestimated LE during the growing season, leading to overall higher Bowen ratios compared to the observations. Most models systematically under predicted NEE, especially at rain-fed sites. Certain crop-specific models that were developed considering the high productivity and associated physiological changes in specific crops better predicted the NEE and LE at both rain-fed and irrigated sites. Models with specific parameterization for different crops better simulated the inter-annual variability of NEE for maize-soybean rotation compared to those models with a single generic crop type. Stratification according to basic model formulation and phenological methodology did not explain significant variation in model performance across these sites and crops. The under prediction of NEE and LE and over prediction of H by most of the models suggests that models developed and parameterized for natural ecosystems cannot accurately predict the more robust physiology of highly bred and intensively managed crop ecosystems. When coupled in Earth System Models, it is likely that the excessive physiological stress simulated in many land surface component models leads to overestimation of temperature and atmospheric boundary layer depth, and underestimation of humidity and CO2 seasonal uptake over agricultural regions.
Published: 2016

8. A new way of producing electron vortex probes for STEM

Author: Béché, J. Verbeeck H. Tian A.
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: A spiral holographic aperture is used in the condensor plane of a scanning transmission electron microscope to produce a focussed electron vortex probe carrying a topological charge of either $-1,0$ or $+1$. The spiral aperture design has a major advantage over the previously used forked aperture in that the three beams with topological charge $m=-1,0,1$ are not side by side in the specimen plane, but rather on top of each other, focussed at different height. This allows us to have only one selected beam in focus on the sample while the others contribute only to a background signal. In this paper we describe the working principle as well as first experimental results demonstrating atomic resolution HAADF STEM images obtained with electron vortex probes. These results pave the way for atomic resolution magnetic information when combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy.
Published: 2014
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9. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author: Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Zohner, C., Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Zohner, C.
Abstract: Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
Published: 2023
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10. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author: Mo, L., Zohner, C., Reich, P., Liang, J., de Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Araza, A., Herold, M., Mirzagholi, L., Ma, H., Averill, C., Phillips, O., Gamarra, J., Hordijk, I., Routh, D., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Gann, G., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Zohner, C., Reich, P., Liang, J., de Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Araza, A., Herold, M., Mirzagholi, L., Ma, H., Averill, C., Phillips, O., Gamarra, J., Hordijk, I., Routh, D., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Amaral, I., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Mendoza-Polo, I., Miscicki, S., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Gann, G., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2–5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6 and satellite-derived approaches2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.
Published: 2023

11. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author: Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Maynard, D., Delavaux, C., Crowther, T., Zohner, C., Robmann, N., Lauber, T., van den Hoogen, J., Kuebbing, S., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P.B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y.C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Alvarado, B.V., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L.F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Baker, T.R., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J.G., Bastian, M.L., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., César, R.G., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H.Y.H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G.D., Coomes, D.A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Crim, P.M., Cumming, J.R., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A.L., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N.L., Enquist, B.J., Eyre, T.J., Fandohan, A.B., Fayle, T.M., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J.G.P., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J.L., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Hui, C., Ibanez, T.T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Killeen, T.J., Kim, H.S., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S.L., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Maitner, B.S., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E.H., Martynenko, O., Meave, J.A., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A.M., Moreno, V.S., Mukul, S.A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stanislaw, M., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Do, T.V., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Maynard, D.
Abstract: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.
Published: 2023
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12. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author: Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Maynard, D.S., Hart, S.P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Reich, P., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Esteban, A.-D., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard C, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Cornejo Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Nestor Laurier, E., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Bin Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johanssen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Stanislaw, M., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Šebeň, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Tran, D., Van Nuland, M., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: 1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explain
Published: 2023
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13. FUNCTIONAL LEAF TRAIT DIVERSITY OF 10 TREE SPECIES IN CONGOLESE SECONDARY TROPICAL FOREST

Author: Verbeeck, H, Betehndoh, E, Maes, WH, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Buggenhout, L, Hufkens, K, Huygens, D, Van Acker, J, Beeckman, H, Mweru, JPM, Boeckx, P, and Steppe, K
Published: 2014

14. Implications of 3D Forest Stand Reconstruction Methods for Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in the Temperate Deciduous Forest

Author: Liu, C., primary, Calders, K., additional, Meunier, F., additional, Gastellu‐Etchegorry, J. P., additional, Nightingale, J., additional, Disney, M., additional, Origo, N., additional, Woodgate, W., additional, and Verbeeck, H., additional
Published: 2022
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15. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author: Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., Hui, C., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Picard, N., Zhou, M., Pijanowski, B., Jacobs, D.F., Reich, P.B., Crowther, T.W., Nabuurs, G.-J., de-Miguel, S., Fang, J., Woodall, C.W., Svenning, J.-C., Jucker, T., Bastin, J.-F., Wiser, S.K., Slik, F., Hérault, B., Alberti, G., Keppel, G., Hengeveld, G.M., Ibisch, P.L., Silva, C.A., ter Steege, H., Peri, P.L., Coomes, D.A., Searle, E.B., von Gadow, K., Jaroszewicz, B., Abbasi, A.O., Abegg, M., Yao, Y.C. A., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Zambrano, A.M.A., Altman, J., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Álvarez-González, J.G., Alves, L.F., Amani, B.H.K., Amani, C.A., Ammer, C., Ilondea, B.A., Antón-Fernández, C., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G.A., Azihou, A.F., Baard, J.A., Baker, T.R., Balazy, R., Bastian, M.L., Batumike, R., Bauters, M., Beeckman, H., Benu, N.M.H., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P.H.S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Briseno-Reyes, J., Broadbent, E.N., Bruelheide, H., Bulte, E., Catlin, A.C., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R.G., Chen, H.Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Colletta, G.D., Corral-Rivas, J.J., Cuchietti, A., Cuni-Sanchez, A., Dar, J.A., Dayanandan, S., de Haulleville, T., Decuyper, M., Delabye, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Diisi, J., Do, T.V., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Durrheim, G.P., Obiang, N.L.E., Ewango, C.E.N., Eyre, T.J., Fayle, T.M., Feunang, L.F.N., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, Lorenzo., de Gasper, A.L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M.S., Gorenstein, Lev., Habonayo, R., Hardy, O.J., Harris, D.J., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Hubau, W., Ibanez, T., Imai, N., Imani, G., Jagodzinski, A.M., Janecek, S., Johannsen, V.K., Joly, C.A., Jumbam, B., Kabelong, B. L. P. R., Kahsay, G.A., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J.ustin N., Kearsley, E., Kennard, D.K., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Khan, M. L., Kigomo, J.N., Kim, H.S., Klauberg, C., Klomberg, Y., Korjus, H., Kothandaraman, S., Kraxner, F., Kumar, A., Kuswandi, R., Lang, M., Lawes, M.J., Leite, R.V., Lentner, G., Lewis, S.L., Libalah, M.B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, P.M., Lu, H., Lukina, N.V., Lykke, A.M., Maicher, V., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Martin, E. H., Martynenko, O., Mbayu, F.M., Mbuvi, M. T. E., Meave, J. A., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Moreno, V. S., Morera, A., Mukul, S.A., Müller, J.C., Murdjoko, A., Nava-Miranda, M.G., Ndive, L.E., Neldner, V.J., Nevenic, R.V., Nforbelie, L.N., Ngoh, M.L., N’Guessan, A.E., Ngugi, M.R., Ngute, A. S. K., Njila, E. N. N., Nyako, M.C., Ochuodho, T.O., Oleksyn, J., Paquette, A., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O. L., Piedade, M.T. F., Piotto, D., Pollastrini, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J. R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S.G., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Sagheb-Talebi, K., Saikia, P., Sainge, M.N., Salas-Eljatib, C., Salis, A., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sellan, G., Selvi, F., Serra-Diaz, J.M., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Sist, P., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K.J., Sullivan, M. J. P., Sundarapandian, S., Svoboda, M., Swaine, M.D., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Trethowan, L.A., Tropek, R., Mukendi, J.T., Umunay, P.M., Usoltsev, V.A., Vaglio Laurin, G., Valentini, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Vega-Nieva, D.J., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Vieira, S.A., Vleminckx, J., Waite, C.E., Wang, H.-F., Wasingya, E.K., Wekesa, C., Westerlund, B., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Hui, C.
Published: 2022
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16. Estimating forest above-ground biomass with terrestrial laser scanning: Current status and future directions

Author: Demol, M, Verbeeck, H, Gielen, B, Armston, J, Burt, A, Disney, M, Duncanson, L, Hackenberg, J, Kukenbrink, D, Lau, A, Ploton, P, Sewdien, A, Stovall, A, Takoudjou, SM, Volkova, L, Weston, C, Wortel, V, Calders, K, Demol, M, Verbeeck, H, Gielen, B, Armston, J, Burt, A, Disney, M, Duncanson, L, Hackenberg, J, Kukenbrink, D, Lau, A, Ploton, P, Sewdien, A, Stovall, A, Takoudjou, SM, Volkova, L, Weston, C, Wortel, V, and Calders, K
Abstract: 1. Improving the global monitoring of above-ground biomass (AGB) is crucial for forest management to be effective in climate mitigation. In the last decade, methods have been developed for estimating AGB from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. TLS-derived AGB estimates can address current uncertainties in allometric and Earth observation (EO) methods that quantify AGB. 2. We assembled a global dataset of TLS scanned and consecutively destructively measured trees from a variety of forest conditions and reconstruction pipelines. The dataset comprised 391 trees from 111 species with stem diameter ranging 8.5 to 180.3 cm and AGB ranging 13.5–43,950 kg. 3. TLS-derived AGB closely agreed with destructive values (bias <1%, concordance correlation coefficient of 98%). However, we identified below-average performances for smaller trees (<1,000 kg) and conifers. In every individual study, TLS estimates of AGB were less biased and more accurate than those from allometric scaling models (ASMs), especially for larger trees (>1,000 kg). 4. More effort should go to further understanding and constraining several TLS error sources. We currently lack an objective method of evaluating point cloud quality for tree volume reconstruction, hindering the development of reconstruction algorithms and presenting a bottleneck for tracking down the error sources identified in our synthesis. Since quantifying AGB with TLS requires only a fraction of the efforts as compared to destructive harvesting, TLS-calibrated ASMs can become a powerful tool in AGB upscaling. TLS will be critical for calibrating/validating scheduled and launched remote sensing initiatives aiming at global AGB mapping.
Published: 2022

17. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), van den Hoogen, J. (Johan), Aalto, J. (Juha), Ashcroft, M. B. (Michael B.), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Kemppinen, J. (Julia), Kopecky, M. (Martin), Luoto, M. (Miska), Maclean, I. M. (Ilya M. D.), Crowther, T. W. (Thomas W.), Bailey, J. J. (Joseph J.), Haesen, S. (Stef), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Niittynen, P. (Pekka), Scheffers, B. R. (Brett R.), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Aartsma, P. (Peter), Abdalaze, O. (Otar), Abedi, M. (Mehdi), Aerts, R. (Rien), Ahmadian, N. (Negar), Ahrends, A. (Antje), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, J. M. (Jake M.), Allonsius, C. N. (Camille Nina), Altman, J. (Jan), Ammann, C. (Christof), Andres, C. (Christian), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Arzac, A. (Alberto), Aschero, V. (Valeria), Assis, R. L. (Rafael L.), Assmann, J. J. (Jakob Johann), Bader, M. Y. (Maaike Y.), Bahalkeh, K. (Khadijeh), Barancok, P. (Peter), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Barros, A. (Agustina), Barthel, M. (Matti), Basham, E. W. (Edmund W.), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bazzichetto, M. (Manuele), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bell, M. C. (Michael C.), Benavides, J. C. (Juan C.), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berauer, B. J. (Bernd J.), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Bjorkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Bjornsdottir, K. (Katrin), Blonder, B. (Benjamin), Boeckx, P. (Pascal), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Brum, B. N. (Barbara N. S.), Bruna, J. (Josef), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Camargo, J. L. (Jose Luis), Campoe, O. C. (Otavio C.), Candan, O. (Onur), Canessa, R. (Rafaella), Cannone, N. (Nicoletta), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Carnicer, J. (Jofre), Casanova-Katny, A. (Angelica), Cesarz, S. (Simone), Chojnicki, B. (Bogdan), Choler, P. (Philippe), Chown, S. L. (Steven L.), Cifuentes, E. F. (Edgar F.), Ciliak, M. (Marek), Contador, T. (Tamara), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curasi, S. R. (Salvatore R.), Curtis, R. (Robin), Cutini, M. (Maurizio), Dahlberg, C. J. (C. Johan), Daskalova, G. N. (Gergana N.), Angel de Pablo, M. (Miguel), Della Chiesa, S. (Stefano), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Deronde, B. (Bart), Descombes, P. (Patrice), Di Cecco, V. (Valter), Di Musciano, M. (Michele), Dick, J. (Jan), Dimarco, R. D. (Romina D.), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eklundh, L. (Lars), Erickson, T. E. (Todd E.), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewers, R. M. (Robert M.), Exton, D. A. (Dan A.), Fanin, N. (Nicolas), Fazlioglu, F. (Fatih), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Fenu, G. (Giuseppe), Ferlian, O. (Olga), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (M. Rosa), Fernandez-Pascual, E. (Eduardo), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Higgens, R. F. (Rebecca Finger), Forte, T. G. (T'ai G. W.), Freeman, E. C. (Erika C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Fuentes-Lillo, E. (Eduardo), Garcia, R. A. (Rafael A.), Garcia, M. B. (Maria B.), Geron, C. (Charly), Gharun, M. (Mana), Ghosn, D. (Dany), Gigauri, K. (Khatuna), Gobin, A. (Anne), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Gottschall, F. (Felix), Goulding, K. (Keith), Govaert, S. (Sanne), Graae, B. J. (Bente Jessen), Greenwood, S. (Sarah), Greiser, C. (Caroline), Grelle, A. (Achim), Guenard, B. (Benoit), Guglielmin, M. (Mauro), Guillemot, J. (Joannes), Haase, P. (Peter), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud H.), Hamid, M. (Maroof), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Hampe, A. (Arndt), Haugum, S. V. (Siri, V), Hederova, L. (Lucia), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Helfter, C. (Carole), Hepenstrick, D. (Daniel), Herberich, M. (Maximiliane), Herbst, M. (Mathias), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hik, D. S. (David S.), Hoffren, R. (Raul), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hörtnagl, L. (Lukas), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Hrbacek, F. (Filip), Hylander, K. (Kristoffer), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. A. (Marcin Antoni), Jactel, H. (Herve), Jarveoja, J. (Jarvi), Jastrzebowski, S. (Szymon), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Jimenez, J. J. (Juan J.), Jonsdottir, I. S. (Ingibjorg S.), Jucker, T. (Tommaso), Jump, A. S. (Alistair S.), Juszczak, R. (Radoslaw), Kanka, R. (Robert), Kaspar, V. (Vit), Kazakis, G. (George), Kelly, J. (Julia), Khuroo, A. A. (Anzar A.), Klemedtsson, L. (Leif), Klisz, M. (Marcin), Kljun, N. (Natascha), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Kobler, J. (Johannes), Kollar, J. (Jozef), Kotowska, M. M. (Martyna M.), Kovacs, B. (Bence), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Lamprecht, A. (Andrea), Lang, S. I. (Simone, I), Larson, C. (Christian), Larson, K. (Keith), Laska, K. (Kamil), Maire, G. I. (Guerric Ie), Leihy, R. I. (Rachel, I), Lens, L. (Luc), Liljebladh, B. (Bengt), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lorite, J. (Juan), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Lynn, J. (Joshua), Macek, M. (Martin), Mackenzie, R. (Roy), Magliulo, E. (Enzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Malfasi, F. (Francesco), Malis, F. (Frantisek), Man, M. (Matej), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Manco, A. (Antonio), Manise, T. (Tanguy), Manolaki, P. (Paraskevi), Marciniak, F. (Felipe), Matula, R. (Radim), Clara Mazzolari, A. (Ana), Medinets, S. (Sergiy), Medinets, V. (Volodymyr), Meeussen, C. (Camille), Merinero, S. (Sonia), Guimaraes Mesquita, R. d. (Rita de Cassia), Meusburger, K. (Katrin), Meysman, F. J. (Filip J. R.), Michaletz, S. T. (Sean T.), Milbau, A. (Ann), Moiseev, D. (Dmitry), Moiseev, P. (Pavel), Mondoni, A. (Andrea), Monfries, R. (Ruth), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moriana-Armendariz, M. (Mikel), di Cella, U. M. (Umberto Morra), Moersdorf, M. (Martin), Mosedale, J. R. (Jonathan R.), Muffler, L. (Lena), Munoz-Rojas, M. (Miriam), Myers, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Nagy, L. (Laszlo), Nardino, M. (Marianna), Naujokaitis-Lewis, I. (Ilona), Newling, E. (Emily), Nicklas, L. (Lena), Niedrist, G. (Georg), Niessner, A. (Armin), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Normand, S. (Signe), Nosetto, M. D. (Marcelo D.), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Nunez, M. A. (Martin A.), Ogaya, R. (Roma), Ogee, J. (Jerome), Okello, J. (Joseph), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Opedal, O. H. (Oystein H.), Orsenigo, S. (Simone), Palaj, A. (Andrej), Pampuch, T. (Timo), Panov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Pärtel, M. (Meelis), Pastor, A. (Ada), Pauchard, A. (Aníbal), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Pearse, W. D. (William D.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pellissier, L. (Loïc), Penczykowski, R. M. (Rachel M.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Petit Bon, M. (Matteo), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phartyal, S. S. (Shyam S.), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Pio, C. (Casimiro), Pitacco, A. (Andrea), Pitteloud, C. (Camille), Plichta, R. (Roman), Porro, F. (Francesco), Portillo-Estrada, M. (Miguel), Poulenard, J. (Jérôme), Poyatos, R. (Rafael), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Puchalka, R. (Radoslaw), Pușcaș, M. (Mihai), Radujković, D. (Dajana), Randall, K. (Krystal), Ratier Backes, A. (Amanda), Remmele, S. (Sabine), Remmers, W. (Wolfram), Renault, D. (David), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Robinson, S. A. (Sharon A.), Robroek, B. J. (Bjorn J. M.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian V.), Rossi, C. (Christian), Rossi, G. (Graziano), Roupsard, O. (Olivier), Rubtsov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Saccone, P. (Patrick), Sagot, C. (Clotilde), Sallo Bravo, J. (Jhonatan), Santos, C. C. (Cinthya C.), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Scharnweber, T. (Tobias), Schmeddes, J. (Jonas), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Scholten, T. (Thomas), Schuchardt, M. (Max), Schwartz, N. (Naomi), Scott, T. (Tony), Seeber, J. (Julia), Segalin De Andrade, A. C. (Ana Cristina), Seipel, T. (Tim), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Senior, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Serra-Diaz, J. M. (Josep M.), Sewerniak, P. (Piotr), Shekhar, A. (Ankit), Sidenko, N. V. (Nikita V.), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Siegwart Collier, L. (Laura), Simpson, E. (Elizabeth), Siqueira, D. P. (David P.), Sitková, Z. (Zuzana), Six, J. (Johan), Smiljanic, M. (Marko), Smith, S. W. (Stuart W.), Smith-Tripp, S. (Sarah), Somers, B. (Ben), Sørensen, M. V. (Mia Vedel), Souza, J. J. (José João L. L.), Souza, B. I. (Bartolomeu Israel), Dias, A. S. (Arildo Souza), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James D. M.), Spicher, F. (Fabien), Stanisci, A. (Angela), Steinbauer, K. (Klaus), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Steinwandter, M. (Michael), Stemkovski, M. (Michael), Stephan, J. G. (Jörg G.), Stiegler, C. (Christian), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Svátek, M. (Martin), Svoboda, M. (Miroslav), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Tanentzap, A. J. (Andrew J.), Tanneberger, F. (Franziska), Theurillat, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Thomas, A. D. (Andrew D.), Tielbörger, K. (Katja), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Treier, U. A. (Urs Albert), Trouillier, M. (Mario), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Tutton, R. (Rosamond), Tyystjärvi, V. A. (Vilna A.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Ujházy, K. (Karol), Ujházyová, M. (Mariana), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Urban, A. V. (Anastasiya V.), Urban, J. (Josef), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Ursu, T.-M. (Tudor-Mihai), Vaccari, F. P. (Francesco Primo), Van De Vondel, S. (Stijn), Van Den Brink, L. (Liesbeth), Van Geel, M. (Maarten), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Vangansbeke, P. (Pieter), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Veenendaal, E. (Elmar), Venn, S. E. (Susanna E.), Verbeeck, H. (Hans), Verbrugggen, E. (Erik), Verheijen, F. G. (Frank G. A.), Villar, L. (Luis), Vitale, L. (Luca), Vittoz, P. (Pascal), Vives-Ingla, M. (Maria), Von Oppen, J. (Jonathan), Walz, J. (Josefine), Wang, R. (Runxi), Wang, Y. (Yifeng), Way, R. G. (Robert G.), Wedegärtner, R. E. (Ronja E. M.), Weigel, R. (Robert), Wild, J. (Jan), Wilkinson, M. (Matthew), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wingate, L. (Lisa), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Xenakis, G. (Georgios), Yang, Y. (Yan), Yu, Z. (Zicheng), Yu, K. (Kailiang), Zellweger, F. (Florian), Zhang, J. (Jian), Zhang, Z. (Zhaochen), Zhao, P. (Peng), Ziemblińska, K. (Klaudia), Zimmermann, R. (Reiner), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Nijs, I. (Ivan), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), van den Hoogen, J. (Johan), Aalto, J. (Juha), Ashcroft, M. B. (Michael B.), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Kemppinen, J. (Julia), Kopecky, M. (Martin), Luoto, M. (Miska), Maclean, I. M. (Ilya M. D.), Crowther, T. W. (Thomas W.), Bailey, J. J. (Joseph J.), Haesen, S. (Stef), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Niittynen, P. (Pekka), Scheffers, B. R. (Brett R.), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Aartsma, P. (Peter), Abdalaze, O. (Otar), Abedi, M. (Mehdi), Aerts, R. (Rien), Ahmadian, N. (Negar), Ahrends, A. (Antje), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, J. M. (Jake M.), Allonsius, C. N. (Camille Nina), Altman, J. (Jan), Ammann, C. (Christof), Andres, C. (Christian), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Arzac, A. (Alberto), Aschero, V. (Valeria), Assis, R. L. (Rafael L.), Assmann, J. J. (Jakob Johann), Bader, M. Y. (Maaike Y.), Bahalkeh, K. (Khadijeh), Barancok, P. (Peter), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Barros, A. (Agustina), Barthel, M. (Matti), Basham, E. W. (Edmund W.), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bazzichetto, M. (Manuele), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bell, M. C. (Michael C.), Benavides, J. C. (Juan C.), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berauer, B. J. (Bernd J.), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Bjorkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Bjornsdottir, K. (Katrin), Blonder, B. (Benjamin), Boeckx, P. (Pascal), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Brum, B. N. (Barbara N. S.), Bruna, J. (Josef), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Camargo, J. L. (Jose Luis), Campoe, O. C. (Otavio C.), Candan, O. (Onur), Canessa, R. (Rafaella), Cannone, N. (Nicoletta), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Carnicer, J. (Jofre), Casanova-Katny, A. (Angelica), Cesarz, S. (Simone), Chojnicki, B. (Bogdan), Choler, P. (Philippe), Chown, S. L. (Steven L.), Cifuentes, E. F. (Edgar F.), Ciliak, M. (Marek), Contador, T. (Tamara), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curasi, S. R. (Salvatore R.), Curtis, R. (Robin), Cutini, M. (Maurizio), Dahlberg, C. J. (C. Johan), Daskalova, G. N. (Gergana N.), Angel de Pablo, M. (Miguel), Della Chiesa, S. (Stefano), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Deronde, B. (Bart), Descombes, P. (Patrice), Di Cecco, V. (Valter), Di Musciano, M. (Michele), Dick, J. (Jan), Dimarco, R. D. (Romina D.), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eklundh, L. (Lars), Erickson, T. E. (Todd E.), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewers, R. M. (Robert M.), Exton, D. A. (Dan A.), Fanin, N. (Nicolas), Fazlioglu, F. (Fatih), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Fenu, G. (Giuseppe), Ferlian, O. (Olga), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (M. Rosa), Fernandez-Pascual, E. (Eduardo), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Higgens, R. F. (Rebecca Finger), Forte, T. G. (T'ai G. W.), Freeman, E. C. (Erika C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Fuentes-Lillo, E. (Eduardo), Garcia, R. A. (Rafael A.), Garcia, M. B. (Maria B.), Geron, C. (Charly), Gharun, M. (Mana), Ghosn, D. (Dany), Gigauri, K. (Khatuna), Gobin, A. (Anne), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Gottschall, F. (Felix), Goulding, K. (Keith), Govaert, S. (Sanne), Graae, B. J. (Bente Jessen), Greenwood, S. (Sarah), Greiser, C. (Caroline), Grelle, A. (Achim), Guenard, B. (Benoit), Guglielmin, M. (Mauro), Guillemot, J. (Joannes), Haase, P. (Peter), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud H.), Hamid, M. (Maroof), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Hampe, A. (Arndt), Haugum, S. V. (Siri, V), Hederova, L. (Lucia), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Helfter, C. (Carole), Hepenstrick, D. (Daniel), Herberich, M. (Maximiliane), Herbst, M. (Mathias), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hik, D. S. (David S.), Hoffren, R. (Raul), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hörtnagl, L. (Lukas), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Hrbacek, F. (Filip), Hylander, K. (Kristoffer), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. A. (Marcin Antoni), Jactel, H. (Herve), Jarveoja, J. (Jarvi), Jastrzebowski, S. (Szymon), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Jimenez, J. J. (Juan J.), Jonsdottir, I. S. (Ingibjorg S.), Jucker, T. (Tommaso), Jump, A. S. (Alistair S.), Juszczak, R. (Radoslaw), Kanka, R. (Robert), Kaspar, V. (Vit), Kazakis, G. (George), Kelly, J. (Julia), Khuroo, A. A. (Anzar A.), Klemedtsson, L. (Leif), Klisz, M. (Marcin), Kljun, N. (Natascha), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Kobler, J. (Johannes), Kollar, J. (Jozef), Kotowska, M. M. (Martyna M.), Kovacs, B. (Bence), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Lamprecht, A. (Andrea), Lang, S. I. (Simone, I), Larson, C. (Christian), Larson, K. (Keith), Laska, K. (Kamil), Maire, G. I. (Guerric Ie), Leihy, R. I. (Rachel, I), Lens, L. (Luc), Liljebladh, B. (Bengt), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lorite, J. (Juan), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Lynn, J. (Joshua), Macek, M. (Martin), Mackenzie, R. (Roy), Magliulo, E. (Enzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Malfasi, F. (Francesco), Malis, F. (Frantisek), Man, M. (Matej), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Manco, A. (Antonio), Manise, T. (Tanguy), Manolaki, P. (Paraskevi), Marciniak, F. (Felipe), Matula, R. (Radim), Clara Mazzolari, A. (Ana), Medinets, S. (Sergiy), Medinets, V. (Volodymyr), Meeussen, C. (Camille), Merinero, S. (Sonia), Guimaraes Mesquita, R. d. (Rita de Cassia), Meusburger, K. (Katrin), Meysman, F. J. (Filip J. R.), Michaletz, S. T. (Sean T.), Milbau, A. (Ann), Moiseev, D. (Dmitry), Moiseev, P. (Pavel), Mondoni, A. (Andrea), Monfries, R. (Ruth), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moriana-Armendariz, M. (Mikel), di Cella, U. M. (Umberto Morra), Moersdorf, M. (Martin), Mosedale, J. R. (Jonathan R.), Muffler, L. (Lena), Munoz-Rojas, M. (Miriam), Myers, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Nagy, L. (Laszlo), Nardino, M. (Marianna), Naujokaitis-Lewis, I. (Ilona), Newling, E. (Emily), Nicklas, L. (Lena), Niedrist, G. (Georg), Niessner, A. (Armin), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Normand, S. (Signe), Nosetto, M. D. (Marcelo D.), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Nunez, M. A. (Martin A.), Ogaya, R. (Roma), Ogee, J. (Jerome), Okello, J. (Joseph), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Opedal, O. H. (Oystein H.), Orsenigo, S. (Simone), Palaj, A. (Andrej), Pampuch, T. (Timo), Panov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Pärtel, M. (Meelis), Pastor, A. (Ada), Pauchard, A. (Aníbal), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Pearse, W. D. (William D.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pellissier, L. (Loïc), Penczykowski, R. M. (Rachel M.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Petit Bon, M. (Matteo), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phartyal, S. S. (Shyam S.), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Pio, C. (Casimiro), Pitacco, A. (Andrea), Pitteloud, C. (Camille), Plichta, R. (Roman), Porro, F. (Francesco), Portillo-Estrada, M. (Miguel), Poulenard, J. (Jérôme), Poyatos, R. (Rafael), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Puchalka, R. (Radoslaw), Pușcaș, M. (Mihai), Radujković, D. (Dajana), Randall, K. (Krystal), Ratier Backes, A. (Amanda), Remmele, S. (Sabine), Remmers, W. (Wolfram), Renault, D. (David), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Robinson, S. A. (Sharon A.), Robroek, B. J. (Bjorn J. M.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian V.), Rossi, C. (Christian), Rossi, G. (Graziano), Roupsard, O. (Olivier), Rubtsov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Saccone, P. (Patrick), Sagot, C. (Clotilde), Sallo Bravo, J. (Jhonatan), Santos, C. C. (Cinthya C.), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Scharnweber, T. (Tobias), Schmeddes, J. (Jonas), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Scholten, T. (Thomas), Schuchardt, M. (Max), Schwartz, N. (Naomi), Scott, T. (Tony), Seeber, J. (Julia), Segalin De Andrade, A. C. (Ana Cristina), Seipel, T. (Tim), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Senior, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Serra-Diaz, J. M. (Josep M.), Sewerniak, P. (Piotr), Shekhar, A. (Ankit), Sidenko, N. V. (Nikita V.), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Siegwart Collier, L. (Laura), Simpson, E. (Elizabeth), Siqueira, D. P. (David P.), Sitková, Z. (Zuzana), Six, J. (Johan), Smiljanic, M. (Marko), Smith, S. W. (Stuart W.), Smith-Tripp, S. (Sarah), Somers, B. (Ben), Sørensen, M. V. (Mia Vedel), Souza, J. J. (José João L. L.), Souza, B. I. (Bartolomeu Israel), Dias, A. S. (Arildo Souza), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James D. M.), Spicher, F. (Fabien), Stanisci, A. (Angela), Steinbauer, K. (Klaus), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Steinwandter, M. (Michael), Stemkovski, M. (Michael), Stephan, J. G. (Jörg G.), Stiegler, C. (Christian), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Svátek, M. (Martin), Svoboda, M. (Miroslav), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Tanentzap, A. J. (Andrew J.), Tanneberger, F. (Franziska), Theurillat, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Thomas, A. D. (Andrew D.), Tielbörger, K. (Katja), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Treier, U. A. (Urs Albert), Trouillier, M. (Mario), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Tutton, R. (Rosamond), Tyystjärvi, V. A. (Vilna A.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Ujházy, K. (Karol), Ujházyová, M. (Mariana), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Urban, A. V. (Anastasiya V.), Urban, J. (Josef), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Ursu, T.-M. (Tudor-Mihai), Vaccari, F. P. (Francesco Primo), Van De Vondel, S. (Stijn), Van Den Brink, L. (Liesbeth), Van Geel, M. (Maarten), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Vangansbeke, P. (Pieter), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Veenendaal, E. (Elmar), Venn, S. E. (Susanna E.), Verbeeck, H. (Hans), Verbrugggen, E. (Erik), Verheijen, F. G. (Frank G. A.), Villar, L. (Luis), Vitale, L. (Luca), Vittoz, P. (Pascal), Vives-Ingla, M. (Maria), Von Oppen, J. (Jonathan), Walz, J. (Josefine), Wang, R. (Runxi), Wang, Y. (Yifeng), Way, R. G. (Robert G.), Wedegärtner, R. E. (Ronja E. M.), Weigel, R. (Robert), Wild, J. (Jan), Wilkinson, M. (Matthew), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wingate, L. (Lisa), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Xenakis, G. (Georgios), Yang, Y. (Yan), Yu, Z. (Zicheng), Yu, K. (Kailiang), Zellweger, F. (Florian), Zhang, J. (Jian), Zhang, Z. (Zhaochen), Zhao, P. (Peng), Ziemblińska, K. (Klaudia), Zimmermann, R. (Reiner), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Nijs, I. (Ivan), and Lenoir, J. (Jonathan)
Abstract: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0‐5 and 5‐15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1‐km² pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10° degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/‐ 2.1° degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/‐2.3° degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (‐0.7 +/‐ 2.3° degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological
Published: 2022

18. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission

Author: Duncanson, L., Kellner, J.R., Armston, J., Dubayah, R., Minor, D.M., Hancock, S., Healey, S.P., Patterson, P.L., Saarela, S., Marselis, S., Silva, C.E., Bruening, J., Goetz, S.J., Tang, H., Hofton, M., Blair, B., Luthcke, S., Fatoyinbo, L., Abernethy, K., Alonso, A., Andersen, H.-E., Aplin, P., Baker, T.R., Barbier, N., Bastin, J.F., Biber, P., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Boschetti, L., Brehm Boucher, P., Boyd, D.S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Cohen, W.B., Coomes, D.A., Corona, P., Cushman, K.C., Cutler, M.E.J., Dalling, J.W., Dalponte, M., Dash, J., de-Miguel, S., Deng, S., Jeffery, K.J., Katoh, M., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kljun, N., Knapp, Nikolai, Král, K., Krůček, M., Labrière, N., Lewis, S.L., Longo, M., Lucas, R.M., Main, R., Manzanera, J.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Mathieu, R., Memiaghe, H., Meyer, V., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Monerris, A., Montesano, P., Morsdorf, F., Næsset, E., Naidoo, L., Nilus, R., O’Brien, M., Orwig, D.A., Papathanassiou, K., Parker, G., Philipson, C., Phillips, O.L., Pisek, J., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Rüdiger, C., Saatchi, S., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Scholes, R., Silva, C.A., Simard, M., Skidmore, A., Stereńczak, K., Tanase, M., Torresan, C., Valbuena, R., Verbeeck, H., Vrska, T., Wessels, K., White, J.C., White, L.J.T., Zahabu, E., Zgraggen, C., Duncanson, L., Kellner, J.R., Armston, J., Dubayah, R., Minor, D.M., Hancock, S., Healey, S.P., Patterson, P.L., Saarela, S., Marselis, S., Silva, C.E., Bruening, J., Goetz, S.J., Tang, H., Hofton, M., Blair, B., Luthcke, S., Fatoyinbo, L., Abernethy, K., Alonso, A., Andersen, H.-E., Aplin, P., Baker, T.R., Barbier, N., Bastin, J.F., Biber, P., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Boschetti, L., Brehm Boucher, P., Boyd, D.S., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Calvo-Rodriguez, S., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Cohen, W.B., Coomes, D.A., Corona, P., Cushman, K.C., Cutler, M.E.J., Dalling, J.W., Dalponte, M., Dash, J., de-Miguel, S., Deng, S., Jeffery, K.J., Katoh, M., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kljun, N., Knapp, Nikolai, Král, K., Krůček, M., Labrière, N., Lewis, S.L., Longo, M., Lucas, R.M., Main, R., Manzanera, J.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Mathieu, R., Memiaghe, H., Meyer, V., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Monerris, A., Montesano, P., Morsdorf, F., Næsset, E., Naidoo, L., Nilus, R., O’Brien, M., Orwig, D.A., Papathanassiou, K., Parker, G., Philipson, C., Phillips, O.L., Pisek, J., Poulsen, J.R., Pretzsch, H., Rüdiger, C., Saatchi, S., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Sanchez-Lopez, N., Scholes, R., Silva, C.A., Simard, M., Skidmore, A., Stereńczak, K., Tanase, M., Torresan, C., Valbuena, R., Verbeeck, H., Vrska, T., Wessels, K., White, J.C., White, L.J.T., Zahabu, E., and Zgraggen, C.
Abstract: NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI’s footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for final model selection. The data used to fit our models are from a compilation of globally distributed spatially and temporally coincident field and airborne lidar datasets, whereby we simulated GEDI-like waveforms from airborne lidar to build a calibration database. We used this database to expand the geographic extent of past waveform lidar studies, and divided the globe into four broad strata by Plant Functional Type (PFT) and six geographic regions. GEDI’s waveform-to-biomass models take the form of parametric Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models with simulated Relative Height (RH) metrics as predictor variables. From an exhaustive set of candidate models, we selected the best input predictor variables, and data transformations for each geographic stratum in the GEDI domain to produce a set of comprehensive predictive footprint-level models. We found that model selection frequently favored combinations of RH metrics at the 98th, 90th, 50th, and 10th height above ground-level percentiles (RH98, RH90, RH50, and RH10, respectively), but that inclusion of lower RH metrics (e.g. RH10) did not markedly improve model performance. Second, forced inclusion of RH98 in all models was important and did not degrade model performance, and the best performing models were parsimonious, typically having only 1-3 predictors. Third, stratification by geographic domain (PFT, geographic region) improved model performance in comparison to global models without stratification. Fourth, for the vast majority of strata, the best performing models were fit using square root transformation of field AG
Published: 2022

19. A comprehensive framework for assessing the accuracy and uncertainty of global above-ground biomass maps

Author: Araza, A., de Bruin, S., Herold, M., Quegan, S., Labriere, N., Rodriguez-Veiga, P., Avitabile, V., Santoro, M., Mitchard, E.T.A., Ryan, C.M., Phillips, O.L., Willcock, S., Verbeeck, H., Carreiras, J., Hein, L., Schelhaas, M.-J., Pacheco-Pascagaza, A.M., da Conceição Bispo, P., Laurin, G.V., Vieilledent, G., Slik, F., Wijaya, A., Lewis, S.L., Morel, A., Liang, J., Sukhdeo, H., Shchepashchenko, D., Cavlovic, J., Gilani, H., Lucas, R., Araza, A., de Bruin, S., Herold, M., Quegan, S., Labriere, N., Rodriguez-Veiga, P., Avitabile, V., Santoro, M., Mitchard, E.T.A., Ryan, C.M., Phillips, O.L., Willcock, S., Verbeeck, H., Carreiras, J., Hein, L., Schelhaas, M.-J., Pacheco-Pascagaza, A.M., da Conceição Bispo, P., Laurin, G.V., Vieilledent, G., Slik, F., Wijaya, A., Lewis, S.L., Morel, A., Liang, J., Sukhdeo, H., Shchepashchenko, D., Cavlovic, J., Gilani, H., and Lucas, R.
Abstract: Over the past decade, several global maps of above-ground biomass (AGB) have been produced, but they exhibit significant differences that reduce their value for climate and carbon cycle modelling, and also for national estimates of forest carbon stocks and their changes. The number of such maps is anticipated to increase because of new satellite missions dedicated to measuring AGB. Objective and consistent methods to estimate the accuracy and uncertainty of AGB maps are therefore urgently needed. This paper develops and demonstrates a framework aimed at achieving this. The framework provides a means to compare AGB maps with AGB estimates from a global collection of National Forest Inventories and research plots that accounts for the uncertainty of plot AGB errors. This uncertainty depends strongly on plot size, and is dominated by the combined errors from tree measurements and allometric models (inter-quartile range of their standard deviation (SD) = 30–151 Mg ha−1). Estimates of sampling errors are also important, especially in the most common case where plots are smaller than map pixels (SD = 16–44 Mg ha−1). Plot uncertainty estimates are used to calculate the minimum-variance linear unbiased estimates of the mean forest AGB when averaged to 0.1∘. These are used to assess four AGB maps: Baccini (2000), GEOCARBON (2008), GlobBiomass (2010) and CCI Biomass (2017). Map bias, estimated using the differences between the plot and 0.1∘ map averages, is modelled using random forest regression driven by variables shown to affect the map estimates. The bias model is particularly sensitive to the map estimate of AGB and tree cover, and exhibits strong regional biases. Variograms indicate that AGB map errors have map-specific spatial correlation up to a range of 50–104 km, which increases the variance of spatially aggregated AGB map estimates compared to when pixel errors are independent. After bias adjustment, total pantropical AGB and its associated SD are derived for the f
Published: 2022

20. Assessing parameter variability in a photosynthesis model within and between plant functional types using global Fluxnet eddy covariance data

Author: Groenendijk, M., Dolman, A.J., van der Molen, M.K., Leuning, R., Arneth, A., Delpierre, N., Gash, J.H.C., Lindroth, A., Richardson, A.D., Verbeeck, H., and Wohlfahrt, G.
Published: 2011
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21. Evaluating airborne, mobile and terrestrial laser scanning for urban tree inventories: A case study in Ghent, Belgium.

Author: D'hont, B., Calders, K., Bartholomeus, H., Lau, A., Terryn, L., Verhelst, T.E., and Verbeeck, H.
Subjects: AIRBORNE lasers, TREE height, TREE size, POINT cloud, GLOBAL Positioning System, URBAN trees
Abstract: In urban tree inventories, structural measurements such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), crown projection area (CPA) and crown volume (CV) are essential for diverse applications, including accurate ecosystem service estimation and management decisions. Traditionally, tree measurements are obtained using range finders and diameter tape. These measurements can be integrated into urban tree inventories through 3D laser scanning (also known as LiDAR). Multiple platforms for laser scanning exist, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, which have not yet been compared explicitly for urban tree inventories. We collected terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), mobile laser scanning (MLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS) in leaf-on (TLS, MLS, ALS) and leaf-off conditions (TLS, MLS) in Ghent, Belgium. We evaluated the DBH, H, CPA and CV of 95 individual trees acquired from each acquisition platform, benchmarking against TLS. Our results show accurate DBH derivation from both TLS and MLS (bias < 2 cm, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) ≈ 1). However, during leaf-on conditions, occlusion from shrubs and ivy is observed. For leaf-on MLS, point clouds of large trees exhibited occlusion in the top canopy, impacting crown volume (CV MLS leaf-on: bias = −116 m², CCC=0.85) and, to a lesser extent, tree height (H MLS leaf-on: bias = −0.38 m, CCC=0.99). Crown projected area was less affected (bias = 0.49 m², CCC=0.99), with differences more attributed to varying point precision among sensors. The difference between the metric and benchmark increased with tree size and the structural complexity of the surroundings (e.g. buildings), especially for MLS, for which limited GNSS coverage, traffic, and suboptimal walking patterns impeded ideal data collection. Our results will help city councils and tree managers choose the most optimal LiDAR platform for urban tree inventories, accounting for their purpose, site complexity and budget. • We estimated DBH from MLS and TLS point clouds; and tree height, crown area and volume from ALS, MLS and TLS point clouds. • Challenges during data collection and processing include acquisition time, traffic, weather, and occlusion. • MLS leaf-on point clouds showed occlusion in the canopy's top affecting crown volume and to a lesser extent tree height. • BIAS increased with tree size and the structural complexity of the surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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22. High aboveground carbon stock of African tropical montane forest

Author: Cuni-Sanchez, A, Sullivan, MJP, Platts, PJ, Lewis, SL, Marchant, R, Imani, G, Hubau, W, Abiem, I, Adhikari, H, Albrecht, T, Altman, J, Amani, C, Aneseyee, AB, Avitabile, V, Banin, L, Batumike, R, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bennett, AC, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bräuning, A, Bulonvu, F, Burgess, F, Calders, K, Chapman, C, Chapman, H, Comiskey, J, de Haulleville, T, Decuyper, M, DeVries, B, Dolezal, J, Droissart, V, Ewango, C, Feyera, S, Gebrekirstos, A, Gereau, R, Gilpin, M, Hakizimana, D, Hall, J, Hamilton, A, Hardy, O, Hart, T, Heiskanen, J, Hemp, A, Herold, M, Hiltner, U, Horak, D, Kamdem, M, Kayijamahe, C, Kenfack, D, Kinyanjui, MJ, Klein, J, Lisingo, J, Lovett, J, Lung, M, Makana, J-R, Malhi, Y, Marshall, A, Martin, EH, Mitchard, ETA, Morel, A, Mukendi, JT, Muller, T, Nchu, F, Nyirambangutse, B, Okello, J, Peh, KS-H, Pellikka, P, Phillips, OL, Plumptre, A, Qie, L, Rovero, F, Sainge, MN, Schmitt, CB, Sedlacek, O, Ngute, ASK, Sheil, D, Sheleme, D, Simegn, TY, Simo-Droissart, M, Sonké, B, Soromessa, T, Sunderland, T, Svoboda, M, Taedoumg, H, Taplin, J, Taylor, D, Thomas, SC, Timberlake, J, Tuagben, D, Umunay, P, Uzabaho, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Wallin, G, Wheeler, C, Willcock, S, Woods, JT, and Zibera, E
Abstract: Tropical forests store 40–50 per cent of terrestrial vegetation carbon 1. However, spatial variations in aboveground live tree biomass carbon (AGC) stocks remain poorly understood, in particular in tropical montane forests 2. Owing to climatic and soil changes with increasing elevation 3, AGC stocks are lower in tropical montane forests compared with lowland forests 2. Here we assemble and analyse a dataset of structurally intact old-growth forests (AfriMont) spanning 44 montane sites in 12 African countries. We find that montane sites in the AfriMont plot network have a mean AGC stock of 149.4 megagrams of carbon per hectare (95% confidence interval 137.1–164.2), which is comparable to lowland forests in the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network 4 and about 70 per cent and 32 per cent higher than averages from plot networks in montane 2,5,6 and lowland 7 forests in the Neotropics, respectively. Notably, our results are two-thirds higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default values for these forests in Africa 8. We find that the low stem density and high abundance of large trees of African lowland forests4 is mirrored in the montane forests sampled. This carbon store is endangered: we estimate that 0.8 million hectares of old-growth African montane forest have been lost since 2000. We provide country-specific montane forest AGC stock estimates modelled from our plot network to help to guide forest conservation and reforestation interventions. Our findings highlight the need for conserving these biodiverse 9,10 and carbon-rich ecosystems.
Published: 2021

23. Abrupt Change in Dryland Ecosystem Functioning: Recent Advances and Lessons Learnt from the U-TURN Project

Author: Horion, S., primary, Verbruggen, W., additional, Bernardino, P., additional, Souverijns, N., additional, de Keersmaecker, W., additional, Fensholt, R., additional, Schurgers, G., additional, van de kerchove, R., additional, Verbeeck, H., additional, Verbesselt, J., additional, and Somers, B., additional
Published: 2021
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24. Global maps of soil temperature

Author: Lembrechts, JJ, van den Hoogen, J, Aalto, J, Ashcroft, MB, De Frenne, P, Kemppinen, J, Kopecký, M, Luoto, M, Maclean, IMD, Crowther, TW, Bailey, JJ, Haesen, S, Klinges, DH, Niittynen, P, Scheffers, BR, Van Meerbeek, K, Aartsma, P, Abdalaze, O, Abedi, M, Aerts, R, Ahmadian, N, Ahrends, A, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, JM, Nina Allonsius, C, Altman, J, Ammann, C, Andres, C, Andrews, C, Ardö, J, Arriga, N, Arzac, A, Aschero, V, Assis, RL, Johann Assmann, J, Bader, MY, Bahalkeh, K, Barančok, P, Barrio, IC, Barros, A, Barthel, M, Basham, EW, Bauters, M, Bazzichetto, M, Belelli Marchesini, L, Bell, MC, Benavides, JC, Luis Benito Alonso, J, Berauer, BJ, Bjerke, JW, Björk, RG, Björkman, MP, Björnsdóttir, K, Blonder, B, Boeckx, P, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Brum, BNS, Brůna, J, Buchmann, N, Buysse, P, Luís Camargo, J, Campoe, OC, Candan, O, Canessa, R, Cannone, N, Carbognani, M, Carnicer, J, Casanova‐Katny, A, Cesarz, S, Chojnicki, B, Choler, P, Chown, SL, Cifuentes, EF, Čiliak, M, Contador, T, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cremonese, E, Curasi, SR, Curtis, R, Cutini, M, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, GN, Angel de Pablo, M, Della Chiesa, S, Dengler, J, Deronde, B, Descombes, P, Di Cecco, V, Di Musciano, M, Dick, J, Dimarco, RD, Dolezal, J, Dorrepaal, E, Dušek, J, Eisenhauer, N, Eklundh, L, Erickson, TE, Erschbamer, B, Eugster, W, Ewers, RM, Exton, DA, Fanin, N, Fazlioglu, F, Feigenwinter, I, Fenu, G, Ferlian, O, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández‐Pascual, E, Finckh, M, Finger Higgens, R, Forte, TGW, Freeman, EC, Frei, ER, Fuentes‐Lillo, E, García, RA, García, MB, Géron, C, Gharun, M, Ghosn, D, Gigauri, K, Gobin, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Gottschall, F, Goulding, K, Govaert, S, Jessen Graae, B, Greenwood, S, Greiser, C, Grelle, A, Guénard, B, Guglielmin, M, Guillemot, J, Haase, P, Haider, S, Halbritter, AH, Hamid, M, Hammerle, A, Hampe, A, Haugum, SV, Hederová, L, Heinesch, B, Helfter, C, Hepenstrick, D, Herberich, M, Herbst, M, Hermanutz, L, Hik, DS, Hoffrén, R, Homeier, J, Hörtnagl, L, Høye, TT, Hrbacek, F, Hylander, K, Iwata, H, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, M, Jactel, H, Järveoja, J, Jastrzębowski, S, Jentsch, A, Jiménez, JJ, Jónsdóttir, IS, Jucker, T, Jump, AS, Juszczak, R, Kanka, R, Kašpar, V, Kazakis, G, Kelly, J, Khuroo, AA, Klemedtsson, L, Klisz, M, Kljun, N, Knohl, A, Kobler, J, Kollár, J, Kotowska, MM, Kovács, B, Kreyling, J, Lamprecht, A, Lang, SI, Larson, C, Larson, K, Laska, K, le Maire, G, Leihy, RI, Lens, L, Liljebladh, B, Lohila, A, Lorite, J, Loubet, B, Lynn, J, Macek, M, Mackenzie, R, Magliulo, E, Maier, R, Malfasi, F, Máliš, F, Man, M, Manca, G, Manco, A, Manise, T, Manolaki, P, Marciniak, F, Matula, R, Clara Mazzolari, A, Medinets, S, Medinets, V, Meeussen, C, Merinero, S, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, R, Meusburger, K, Meysman, FJR, Michaletz, ST, Milbau, A, Moiseev, D, Moiseev, P, Mondoni, A, Monfries, R, Montagnani, L, Moriana‐Armendariz, M, Morra di Cella, U, Mörsdorf, M, Mosedale, JR, Muffler, L, Muñoz‐Rojas, M, Myers, JA, Myers‐Smith, IH, Nagy, L, Nardino, M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, I, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, L, Niedrist, G, Niessner, A, Nilsson, MB, Normand, S, Nosetto, MD, Nouvellon, Y, Nuñez, MA, Ogaya, R, Ogée, J, Okello, J, Olejnik, J, Eivind Olesen, J, Opedal, Ø, Orsenigo, S, Palaj, A, Pampuch, T, Panov, AV, Pärtel, M, Pastor, A, Pauchard, A, Pauli, H, Pavelka, M, Pearse, WD, Peichl, M, Pellissier, L, Penczykowski, RM, Penuelas, J, Petit Bon, M, Petraglia, A, Phartyal, SS, Phoenix, GK, Pio, C, Pitacco, A, Pitteloud, C, Plichta, R, Porro, F, Portillo‐Estrada, M, Poulenard, J, Poyatos, R, Prokushkin, AS, Puchalka, R, Pușcaș, M, Radujković, D, Randall, K, Ratier Backes, A, Remmele, S, Remmers, W, Renault, D, Risch, AC, Rixen, C, Robinson, SA, Robroek, BJM, Rocha, AV, Rossi, C, Rossi, G, Roupsard, O, Rubtsov, AV, Saccone, P, Sagot, C, Sallo Bravo, J, Santos, CC, Sarneel, JM, Scharnweber, T, Schmeddes, J, Schmidt, M, Scholten, T, Schuchardt, M, Schwartz, N, Scott, T, Seeber, J, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, A, Seipel, T, Semenchuk, P, Senior, RA, Serra‐Diaz, JM, Sewerniak, P, Shekhar, A, Sidenko, NV, Siebicke, L, Siegwart Collier, L, Simpson, E, Siqueira, DP, Sitková, Z, Six, J, Smiljanic, M, Smith, SW, Smith‐Tripp, S, Somers, B, Vedel Sørensen, M, João L. L. Souza, J, Israel Souza, B, Souza Dias, A, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Spicher, F, Stanisci, A, Steinbauer, K, Steinbrecher, R, Steinwandter, M, Stemkovski, M, Stephan, JG, Stiegler, C, Stoll, S, Svátek, M, Svoboda, M, Tagesson, T, Tanentzap, AJ, Tanneberger, F, Theurillat, J, Thomas, HJD, Thomas, AD, Tielbörger, K, Tomaselli, M, Albert Treier, U, Trouillier, M, Dan Turtureanu, P, Tutton, R, Tyystjärvi, VA, Ueyama, M, Ujházy, K, Ujházyová, M, Uogintas, D, Urban, AV, Urban, J, Urbaniak, M, Ursu, T, Primo Vaccari, F, Van de Vondel, S, van den Brink, L, Van Geel, M, Vandvik, V, Vangansbeke, P, Varlagin, A, Veen, GF, Veenendaal, E, Venn, Susanna, Verbeeck, H, Verbrugggen, E, Verheijen, FGA, Villar, L, Vitale, L, Vittoz, P, Vives‐Ingla, M, von Oppen, J, Walz, J, Wang, R, Wang, Y, Way, RG, Wedegärtner, REM, Weigel, R, Wild, J, Wilkinson, M, Wilmking, M, Wingate, L, Winkler, M, Wipf, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Xenakis, G, Yang, Y, Yu, Z, Yu, K, Zellweger, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, P, Ziemblińska, K, Zimmermann, R, Zong, S, Zyryanov, VI, Nijs, I, Lenoir, J, Lembrechts, JJ, van den Hoogen, J, Aalto, J, Ashcroft, MB, De Frenne, P, Kemppinen, J, Kopecký, M, Luoto, M, Maclean, IMD, Crowther, TW, Bailey, JJ, Haesen, S, Klinges, DH, Niittynen, P, Scheffers, BR, Van Meerbeek, K, Aartsma, P, Abdalaze, O, Abedi, M, Aerts, R, Ahmadian, N, Ahrends, A, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, JM, Nina Allonsius, C, Altman, J, Ammann, C, Andres, C, Andrews, C, Ardö, J, Arriga, N, Arzac, A, Aschero, V, Assis, RL, Johann Assmann, J, Bader, MY, Bahalkeh, K, Barančok, P, Barrio, IC, Barros, A, Barthel, M, Basham, EW, Bauters, M, Bazzichetto, M, Belelli Marchesini, L, Bell, MC, Benavides, JC, Luis Benito Alonso, J, Berauer, BJ, Bjerke, JW, Björk, RG, Björkman, MP, Björnsdóttir, K, Blonder, B, Boeckx, P, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Brum, BNS, Brůna, J, Buchmann, N, Buysse, P, Luís Camargo, J, Campoe, OC, Candan, O, Canessa, R, Cannone, N, Carbognani, M, Carnicer, J, Casanova‐Katny, A, Cesarz, S, Chojnicki, B, Choler, P, Chown, SL, Cifuentes, EF, Čiliak, M, Contador, T, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cremonese, E, Curasi, SR, Curtis, R, Cutini, M, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, GN, Angel de Pablo, M, Della Chiesa, S, Dengler, J, Deronde, B, Descombes, P, Di Cecco, V, Di Musciano, M, Dick, J, Dimarco, RD, Dolezal, J, Dorrepaal, E, Dušek, J, Eisenhauer, N, Eklundh, L, Erickson, TE, Erschbamer, B, Eugster, W, Ewers, RM, Exton, DA, Fanin, N, Fazlioglu, F, Feigenwinter, I, Fenu, G, Ferlian, O, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández‐Pascual, E, Finckh, M, Finger Higgens, R, Forte, TGW, Freeman, EC, Frei, ER, Fuentes‐Lillo, E, García, RA, García, MB, Géron, C, Gharun, M, Ghosn, D, Gigauri, K, Gobin, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Gottschall, F, Goulding, K, Govaert, S, Jessen Graae, B, Greenwood, S, Greiser, C, Grelle, A, Guénard, B, Guglielmin, M, Guillemot, J, Haase, P, Haider, S, Halbritter, AH, Hamid, M, Hammerle, A, Hampe, A, Haugum, SV, Hederová, L, Heinesch, B, Helfter, C, Hepenstrick, D, Herberich, M, Herbst, M, Hermanutz, L, Hik, DS, Hoffrén, R, Homeier, J, Hörtnagl, L, Høye, TT, Hrbacek, F, Hylander, K, Iwata, H, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, M, Jactel, H, Järveoja, J, Jastrzębowski, S, Jentsch, A, Jiménez, JJ, Jónsdóttir, IS, Jucker, T, Jump, AS, Juszczak, R, Kanka, R, Kašpar, V, Kazakis, G, Kelly, J, Khuroo, AA, Klemedtsson, L, Klisz, M, Kljun, N, Knohl, A, Kobler, J, Kollár, J, Kotowska, MM, Kovács, B, Kreyling, J, Lamprecht, A, Lang, SI, Larson, C, Larson, K, Laska, K, le Maire, G, Leihy, RI, Lens, L, Liljebladh, B, Lohila, A, Lorite, J, Loubet, B, Lynn, J, Macek, M, Mackenzie, R, Magliulo, E, Maier, R, Malfasi, F, Máliš, F, Man, M, Manca, G, Manco, A, Manise, T, Manolaki, P, Marciniak, F, Matula, R, Clara Mazzolari, A, Medinets, S, Medinets, V, Meeussen, C, Merinero, S, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, R, Meusburger, K, Meysman, FJR, Michaletz, ST, Milbau, A, Moiseev, D, Moiseev, P, Mondoni, A, Monfries, R, Montagnani, L, Moriana‐Armendariz, M, Morra di Cella, U, Mörsdorf, M, Mosedale, JR, Muffler, L, Muñoz‐Rojas, M, Myers, JA, Myers‐Smith, IH, Nagy, L, Nardino, M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, I, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, L, Niedrist, G, Niessner, A, Nilsson, MB, Normand, S, Nosetto, MD, Nouvellon, Y, Nuñez, MA, Ogaya, R, Ogée, J, Okello, J, Olejnik, J, Eivind Olesen, J, Opedal, Ø, Orsenigo, S, Palaj, A, Pampuch, T, Panov, AV, Pärtel, M, Pastor, A, Pauchard, A, Pauli, H, Pavelka, M, Pearse, WD, Peichl, M, Pellissier, L, Penczykowski, RM, Penuelas, J, Petit Bon, M, Petraglia, A, Phartyal, SS, Phoenix, GK, Pio, C, Pitacco, A, Pitteloud, C, Plichta, R, Porro, F, Portillo‐Estrada, M, Poulenard, J, Poyatos, R, Prokushkin, AS, Puchalka, R, Pușcaș, M, Radujković, D, Randall, K, Ratier Backes, A, Remmele, S, Remmers, W, Renault, D, Risch, AC, Rixen, C, Robinson, SA, Robroek, BJM, Rocha, AV, Rossi, C, Rossi, G, Roupsard, O, Rubtsov, AV, Saccone, P, Sagot, C, Sallo Bravo, J, Santos, CC, Sarneel, JM, Scharnweber, T, Schmeddes, J, Schmidt, M, Scholten, T, Schuchardt, M, Schwartz, N, Scott, T, Seeber, J, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, A, Seipel, T, Semenchuk, P, Senior, RA, Serra‐Diaz, JM, Sewerniak, P, Shekhar, A, Sidenko, NV, Siebicke, L, Siegwart Collier, L, Simpson, E, Siqueira, DP, Sitková, Z, Six, J, Smiljanic, M, Smith, SW, Smith‐Tripp, S, Somers, B, Vedel Sørensen, M, João L. L. Souza, J, Israel Souza, B, Souza Dias, A, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Spicher, F, Stanisci, A, Steinbauer, K, Steinbrecher, R, Steinwandter, M, Stemkovski, M, Stephan, JG, Stiegler, C, Stoll, S, Svátek, M, Svoboda, M, Tagesson, T, Tanentzap, AJ, Tanneberger, F, Theurillat, J, Thomas, HJD, Thomas, AD, Tielbörger, K, Tomaselli, M, Albert Treier, U, Trouillier, M, Dan Turtureanu, P, Tutton, R, Tyystjärvi, VA, Ueyama, M, Ujházy, K, Ujházyová, M, Uogintas, D, Urban, AV, Urban, J, Urbaniak, M, Ursu, T, Primo Vaccari, F, Van de Vondel, S, van den Brink, L, Van Geel, M, Vandvik, V, Vangansbeke, P, Varlagin, A, Veen, GF, Veenendaal, E, Venn, Susanna, Verbeeck, H, Verbrugggen, E, Verheijen, FGA, Villar, L, Vitale, L, Vittoz, P, Vives‐Ingla, M, von Oppen, J, Walz, J, Wang, R, Wang, Y, Way, RG, Wedegärtner, REM, Weigel, R, Wild, J, Wilkinson, M, Wilmking, M, Wingate, L, Winkler, M, Wipf, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Xenakis, G, Yang, Y, Yu, Z, Yu, K, Zellweger, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, P, Ziemblińska, K, Zimmermann, R, Zong, S, Zyryanov, VI, Nijs, I, and Lenoir, J
Published: 2021

25. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author: Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, do Espírito Santo, M, Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, and do Espírito Santo, M
Abstract: Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc
Published: 2021

26. The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations

Author: Santoro, M., Cartus, O., Carvalhais, N., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Avitabile, V., Araza, A., de Bruin, S., Herold, M., Quegan, S., Rodríguez-Veiga, P., Balzter, H., Carreiras, J., Shchepashchenko, D., Korets, M., Shimada, M., Itoh, T., Moreno Martínez, Á., Cavlovic, J., Cazzolla Gatti, R., da Conceição Bispo, P., Dewnath, N., Labrière, N., Liang, J., Lindsell, J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Pacheco Pascagaza, A.M., Ryan, C.M., Slik, F., Vaglio Laurin, G., Verbeeck, H., Wijaya, A., Willcock, S., Santoro, M., Cartus, O., Carvalhais, N., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Avitabile, V., Araza, A., de Bruin, S., Herold, M., Quegan, S., Rodríguez-Veiga, P., Balzter, H., Carreiras, J., Shchepashchenko, D., Korets, M., Shimada, M., Itoh, T., Moreno Martínez, Á., Cavlovic, J., Cazzolla Gatti, R., da Conceição Bispo, P., Dewnath, N., Labrière, N., Liang, J., Lindsell, J., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morel, A., Pacheco Pascagaza, A.M., Ryan, C.M., Slik, F., Vaglio Laurin, G., Verbeeck, H., Wijaya, A., and Willcock, S.
Abstract: The terrestrial forest carbon pool is poorly quantified, in particular in regions with low forest inventory capacity. By combining multiple satellite observations of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter around the year 2010, we generated a global, spatially explicit dataset of above-ground live biomass (AGB; dry mass) stored in forests with a spatial resolution of 1 ha. Using an extensive database of 110 897 AGB measurements from field inventory plots, we show that the spatial patterns and magnitude of AGB are well captured in our map with the exception of regional uncertainties in high-carbon-stock forests with AGB >250 Mg ha−1, where the retrieval was effectively based on a single radar observation. With a total global AGB of 522 Pg, our estimate of the terrestrial biomass pool in forests is lower than most estimates published in the literature (426–571 Pg). Nonetheless, our dataset increases knowledge on the spatial distribution of AGB compared to the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and highlights the impact of a country's national inventory capacity on the accuracy of the biomass statistics reported to the FRA. We also reassessed previous remote sensing AGB maps and identified major biases compared to inventory data, up to 120 % of the inventory value in dry tropical forests, in the subtropics and temperate zone. Because of the high level of detail and the overall reliability of the AGB spatial patterns, our global dataset of AGB is likely to have significant impacts on climate, carbon, and socio-economic modelling schemes and provides a crucial baseline in future carbon stock change estimates. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.894711 (Santoro, 2018).
Published: 2021

27. Abrupt Change in Dryland Ecosystem Functioning:Recent Advances and Lessons Learnt from the U-TURN Project

Author: Horion, S., Verbruggen, W., Bernardino, P., Souverijns, N., de Keersmaecker, W., Fensholt, R., Schurgers, G., van de Kerchove, R., Verbeeck, H., Verbesselt, J., Somers, B., Horion, S., Verbruggen, W., Bernardino, P., Souverijns, N., de Keersmaecker, W., Fensholt, R., Schurgers, G., van de Kerchove, R., Verbeeck, H., Verbesselt, J., and Somers, B.
Abstract: In the past five years, an international team has been working towards improved detection, characterization and modeling of abrupt changes in dryland ecosystem functioning, EF. This paper collects the recent advances and lessons learnt from the U-TURN project (Belspo SR/00/339, SR/00/366). Specifically abrupt changes in EF were mapped and categorized over global drylands; new 30m resolution time series of land cover maps and cover fractions were created, validated and released open access for the Sahel region; and new physically-based insights into dryland vegetation response to extreme rainfall were derived based on dryland optimized LPJ-GUESS simulations.
Published: 2021

28. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Adamidis, G. C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C. H., Alcantara, J. M., Alcazar, C C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M. M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D. M. G., Ashman, T. L., Asmara, D. H., Asner, G. P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup-Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W. J., Bakker, J. P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D. R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt Romermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A. D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning Gaese, K., Boisvert Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C. C. F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E. H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brende, l M. R., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D. E., Burge, r J., Burrascano, S., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Butterfield, B. J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M. C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J. J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos, J. A., Cano Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J. A., Cavender Bares, J., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Cervellini, M., Chacon Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F. S., Chelli, S., Chen, S. C., Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K. S., Chytry, M., Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C. G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cornwell, W. K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., da Silva, A. C., Dahlin, K. M., Dainese, M., Dalke, I., Dalle Fratte, M., Dang Le, A. T., Danihelka, J., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., De Frutos, A., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Delpierre, N., Derroire, G., Dias, A. S., Diaz Toribio, M. H., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Dymova, O., E- Vojtko, A., Eckstein, R. L., Ejtehadi, H., Elser, J., Emilio, T., Engemann, K., Erfanian, M. B., Erfmeier, A., Esquivel Muelbert, A., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Domingues, T. F., Fagan, W. F., Fagundez, J., Falster, D. S., Fan, Y., Fang, J., Farris, E., Fazlioglu, F., Feng, Y., Fernandez, Mendez, Ferrara, C., Ferreira, J., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Firn, J., Flowers, T. J., Flynn, D. F. B., Fontana, V., Forey, E., Forgiarini, C., Francois, L., Frangipani, M., Frank, D., Frenette Dussault, C., Freschet, G. T., Fry, E. L., Fyllas, N. M., Mazzochini, G. G., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Ganade, G., Ganga, F., Garcia Palacios, P., Gargaglione, V., Garnier, E., Garrido, J. L., de Gasper, A. L., Gea Izquierdo, G., Gibson, D., Gillison, A. N., Giroldo, A., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Goldberg, E., Goldel, B., Gonzalez Akre, E., Gonzalez Andujar, J. L., Gonzalez Melo, A., Gonzalez Robles, A., Graae, B. J., Granda, E., Graves, S., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Gunther, A., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L., Haines, A., Hall, J., Hambuckers, A., Han, W., Harrison, S. P., Hattingh, W., Hawes, J. E., He, T., He, P., Heberling, J. M., Helm, A., Hempel, S., Hentschel, J., Herault, B., Heres, A. M., Herz, K., Heuertz, M., Hickler, T., Hietz, P., Higuchi, P., Hipp, A. L., Hirons, A., Hock, M., Hogan, J. A., Holl, K., Honnay, O., Hornstein, D., Hou, E., Hough Snee, N., Hovstad, K. A., Ichie, T., Igic, B., Illa, E., Isaac, M., Ishihara, M., Ivanov, L., Ivanova, L., Iversen, C. M., Izquierdo, J., Jackson, R. B., Jackson, B., Jactel, H., Jagodzinsk, A. M., Jandt, U., Jansen, S., Jenkins, T., Jentsch, A., Jespersen, J. R. P., Jiang, G. F., Johansen, J. L., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Jordan, G. J., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Justes, E., Kabzems, R., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Kenzo, T., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Kinlock, N. L., Kissling, W. D., Kitajima, K., Kitzberger, T., Kjoller, R., Klein, T., Kleyer, M., Klimesova, J., Klipel, J., Kloeppel, B., Klotz, S., Knops, J. M. H., Kohyama, T., Koike, F., Kollmann, J., Komac, B., Komatsu, K., Konig, C., Kraft, N. J. B., Kramer, K., Kreft, H., Kuhn, I., Kumarathune, D., Kuppler, J., Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, Y., Kuyah, S., Laclau, J. P., Lafleur, B., Lallai, E., Lamb, E., Lamprecht, A., Larkin, D. J., Laughlin, D., Le Bagousse Pinguet, Y., le Maire, G., le Roux, P. C., le Roux, E., Lee, T., Lens, F., Lewis, S. L., Lhotsky, B., Li, Y., Li, X., Lichstein, J. W., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Linares, Y. C., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, U., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., Lopez Garcia, A., Lopez Gonzalez, G., Lososov, a Z., Louault, F., Lukacs, B. A., Lukes, P., Luo, Y., Lussu, M., Ma, S., Maciel Rabelo Pereira, C., Mack, M., Maire, V., Makela, A., Makinen, H., Malhado, A. C. M., Mallik, A., Manning, P., Manzoni, S., Marchetti, Z., Marchino, L., Marcilio Silva, V., Marcon, E., Marignani, M., Markesteijn, L., Martin, A., Martinez Garza, C., Martinez Vilalta, J., Maskova, T., Mason, K., Mason, N., Massad, T. J., Masse, J., Mayrose, I., Mccarthy, J., Mccormack, M. L., Mcculloh, K., Mcfadden, I., Mcgill, B. J., Mcpartland, M. Y., Medeiros, J., Medlyn, B., Meerts, P., Mehrabi, Z., Meir, P., Melo, F., P. L., Mencuccini, M., Meredieu, C., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Migalina, S., Milla, R., Miller, J., E. D., Minden, V., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Moles, A. T., Molnar, A., Molofsky, J., Molz, M., Montgomery, R. A., Monty, A., Moravcova, L., Moreno Martinez, A., Moretti, M., Mori, A. S., Mori, S., Morris, D., Morrison, J., Mucina, L., Mueller, S., Muir, C. D., Muller, S. C., Munoz, F., Myers Smith, I. H., Myster, R. W., Nagano, M., Naidu, S., Narayanan, A., Natesan, B., Negoita, L., Nelson, A. S., Neuschulz, E. L., Ni, J., Niedrist, G., Nieto, J., Niinemets, U., Nolan, R., Nottebrock, H., Nouvellon, Y., Novakovskiy, A., Nystuen, K. O., O'Grady, A., O'Hara, K., O'Reilly Nugent, A., Oakley, S., Oberhuber, W., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Onoda, Y., Onstein, R. E., Ordonez, J. C., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Overbeck, G. E., Ozinga, W. A., Pahl, A. T., Paine, C. E. T., Pakeman, R. J., Papageorgiou, A. C., Parfionova, E., Partel, M., Patacca, M., Paula, S., Paule, J., Pauli, H., Pausas, J., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Perea, A., Peri, P. L., Petisco Souza, A. C., Petraglia, A., Petritan, A. M., Phillips, O. L., Pierce, S., Pillar, V. D., Pisek, J., Pomogaybin, A., Poorter, H., Portsmuth, A., Poschlod, P., Potvin, C., Pounds, D., Powell, A., Power, S. A., Prinzing, A., Puglielli, G., Pysek, P., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Reichstein, M., Reid, D. E. B., Rejou Mechain, M., de Dios, V. R., Ribeiro, S., Richardson, S., Riibak, K., Rillig, M. C., Riviera, F., Robert, E. M. R., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Rodrigues, A. V., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Roscher, C., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Royer Tardif, S., Ruger, N., Ruiz Peinado, R., Rumpf, S. B., Rusch, G. M., Ryo, M., Sack, L., Saldana, A., Salgado Negret, B., Salguero Gomez, R., Santa Regina, I., Santacruz Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Schmitt, S., Schneider, J. V., Schowanek, S. D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Schurr, F., Selaya Garvizu, G., Semchenko, M., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Sharpe, J. M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Siebenkas, A., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Silva, M., Sitzia, T., Sjoman, H., Slot, M., Smith, N. G., Sodhi, D., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Stephan, J. G., Sterck, F., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Svenning, J. C., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Swenson, N., Tabarelli, M., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Tedersoo, L., Thiffault, N., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Thompson, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Torres Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Trivellone, V., Trolliet, F., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Tysklind, N., Umehara, T., Usoltsev, V., Vadeboncoeur, M., Vaezi, J., Valladares, F., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Van Meerbeek, K., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Vasquez Valderrama, M. Y., Vassilev, K., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Vieira, I., Villacis, J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Waldram, M., Waldron, A., Walker, A . P., Waller, M., Walther, G., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L., Weigelt, P., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Westwood, A., White, P. J., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Womack, C., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Pinho, B. X., Ximenes, F., Yamada, T., Yamaji, K., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo Bi, I. C., Zotz, G., Wirth, C., Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Max Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS) International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB) GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France AXA Research Fund NERC Natural Environment Research Council Future Earth, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal [Córdoba] (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina]-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Imperial College London, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Balliol College, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Department of Environment [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, University of Tartu, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Jaén (UJA), Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Smithfield, Qld, Australia, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, University of North Florida [Jacksonville] (UNF), Australian National University (ANU), Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK, Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, AgroParisTech, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, University of Exeter, University of Adelaide, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia, Environmental Change Institute, Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany, Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Gothenburg (GU), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA, University of Leicester, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Archbold Biological Station’s Buck Island Ranch, FL, Lake Placid, USA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Universität Hohenheim, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), University of Rostock, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR – Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), University of Arizona, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy, Western Sydney University, ungwon University, Goesan, Chungbuk, Korea, Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain, Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, USA, Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Ljubljana, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil, Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia, University of Science – Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Swedish Species Information Centre, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department Computational Landscape Ecology [UFZ Leipsig], Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada, UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Universität Wien, Karlstad University [Sweden], Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), FFCLRP-USP, Department of Biology [USA], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of A Coruña (UDC), School of Physics [UNSW Sydney] (UNSW), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Peking, Peking University [Beijing], Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Lanzhou University, Universidad del Tolima, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), University of Sussex, Harvard University, Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Macquarie University, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), INIA-CIFOR, Southern Illinois University [Carbondale] (SIU), Center for Biodiversity Management, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, The Morton Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Centre Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique (CSIC), Centre Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique, Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Liege, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Murdoch University, Carnegie Museum of Natural History [Pittsburgh], Transilvania University of Brasov, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), University Centre Myerscough, Kiel University, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Division of Plant Ststematic and Ecology, Biology department, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Applied Sciences of Weihenstephan, Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kochi University of Technology (KUT), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Kyoto University, Tyumen State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Stanford University, University of Edinburgh, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bayreuth, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Guangxi Normal University, University College of London [London] (UCL), Hobart - Tasmania 7001, University of Venda [South Africa] (UNIVEN), University of Melbourne, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Humboldt State University (HSU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Samara National Research University, Institute of Plant Sciences, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kenyon College, University of Garmian, State University of New York (SUNY), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Agricultural Research Organization, Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, Western Carolina University, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Yokohama National University, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institut d Estudis Andorrans, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Yamagata University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering - Vienna, Austria, University of Wyoming (UW), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Yangzhou University, Leipzig University, University Pablo de Olavide, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Royal Botanical Gardens, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen]-Research Centre for Molecular Medicine-Medical and Health Science Centre, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Universidade Federal de Alagoas = Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Lakehead University, Stockholm University, Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Bangor University, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Gorongosa National Park, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Tel Aviv University (TAU), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Maine, Holden Arboretum, Hawkesbury Institute for he Environment, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale et Biogéochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of British Columbia (UBC), Research School of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Debrecen, Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], Data61 [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian National University (ANU)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen], University of Vermont [Burlington], Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, University of Montana, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Hawaii, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Osaka City University, Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS), Charles Darwin Foundation, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Zhejiang Normal University, European Academy of Bolzano, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas [Bogota], University of Bayreuth, Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Canberra, CEH, Department of Systems and Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University-Kyoto University, Departamento de Telemática, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação (DT/FEEC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Moscow State University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Meijo University, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ASU / CAS), University of Nijmegen, University of New England (UNE), The James Hutton Institute, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Vienna [Vienna], Center for Desertification Research (CIDE), Universitat de València (UV), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Université de Jaén, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, Department of Plant Production (University of Milan), Tartu Observatory, Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Tallinn University, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, School of Social Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Research Institute for Networks and Communications Engineering (RINCE), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU)-Science Foundation Ireland-Enterprise Ireland-Higher Education Authority-School of Electronic Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Southampton, Yale University [New Haven], Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), East Stroudsburg University, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Institute of Physical Geography [Frankfurt am Main], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], University of Valladolid, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Algoma University, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Herencia, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], Sharplex Services, University of Hohenheim, Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido, Département de Biologie, University of Regina (UR), Technische Universität Ilmenau (TU ), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Universidade Federal de Lavras = Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], KU Leuven, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Universiteit Leiden, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU) and Competence Centre Wood K plus, University of Novi Sad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), University of Aberdeen, University of Maryland System, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas, Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], The School for Field Studies, Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, University of Delaware [Newark], Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Stellenbosch University, Czech University of Life Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Osaka Natural History Center, Ural State Forest Engineering University, University of New Hampshire (UNH), University of Calgary, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Ecological Science [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Duke University [Durham], IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Department of Primary Industries, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Biological Sciences Department (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT), Nanjing University (NJU), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Zhejiang University, Beijing Forestry University, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Universität Leipzig, Max Planck Fellow Program for Christian Wirth, the International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS), the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Programme (IGBP), Future Earth, the French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB), and GIS ‘Climat, Environnement et Société’ France, JENS KATTGE, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, ELLEN L. FRY, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM, NIKOLAOS M. FYLLAS, UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN, GREECE, GERHARD BÖNISCH, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, SUSANNE TAUTENHAHN, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, JENA, GERMANY, GIJSBERT D. A. WERNER, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, OXFORD, UK, TUOMAS AAKALA, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND, MEHDI ABEDI, TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN, ALICIA T. R. ACOSTA, UNIVERSITY OF ROMA TRE, ITALY, GEORGE C. ADAMIDIS, UNIVERSITY OF BERN, SWITZERLAND, KAIRI ADAMSON, UNIVERSITY OF TARTU, ESTONIA, MASAHIRO AIBA, TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN., CÉCILE H. ALBERT, AIX MARSEILLE UNIV, UNIV AVIGNON, FRANCE., JULIO M. ALCÁNTARA, UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN, SPAIN, CAROLINA ALCÁZAR C, Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, Colombia., HAMADA ALI, SUEZ CANAL UNIVERSITY, EGYPT, BERNARD AMIAUD, UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE, FRANCE., CHRISTIAN AMMER, UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN, GERMANY, MARIANO M. AMOROSO, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA, MADHUR ANAND, UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA., MARIJN BAUTERS, GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM., ERIKA BAZZATO, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, ITALY., MICHAEL BECKMANN, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany., HANS BEECKMAN, ROYAL MUSEUM FOR CENTRAL AFRICA, BELGIUM., CARL BEIERKUHNLEIN, UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH, GERMANY., RENEE BEKKER, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS., JOANA BERGMANN, FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN, GERMANY., MARCOS BERGMANN CARLUCCI, UFPC, LOGAN BERNER, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, USA., MARKUS BERNHARDT-RÖMERMANN, FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA, GERMANY., CHRISTOF BIGLER, ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND., FEDERICO BRUMNICH, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL (FICH-UNL), ARGENTINA, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, DAVID BRUY, UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, SERRA W. BUCHANAN, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH, CANADA, ROBERT BUITENWERF, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, DANIEL E. BUNKER, NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, USA, JANA BÜRGER, UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK, GERMANY, SABINA BURRASCANO, SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ITALY, DAVID F. R. P. BURSLEM, UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, UK, BRADLEY J. BUTTERFIELD, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, USA, CHAEHO BYUN, YONSEI UNIVERSITY, KOREA, MARINA C. SCALON, UFP, MARCO CACCIANIGA, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO, ITALY, MARC CADOTTE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH, CANADA, MAXIME CAILLERET, AIX?MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE, JAMES CAMAC, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, JESÚS JULIO CAMARERO, INSTITUTO PIRENAICO DE ECOLOGÍA (IPE?CSIC), SPAIN, COURTNEY CAMPANY, COLGATE UNIVERSITY, USA, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, JUAN ANTONIO CAMPOS, UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV/EHU, SPAIN, LAURA CANO-ARBOLEDA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, COLOMBIA, ROBERTO CANULLO, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, MICHELE CARBOGNANI, UNIVERSITY OF PARMA, ITALY, FABIO CARVALHO, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK, BASTIEN CASTAGNEYROL, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, JANE A. CATFORD, KING'S COLLEGE LONDON, UK, JEANNINE CAVENDER-BARES, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, ITALY, MARCO CERVELLINI, UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA, ITALY, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA, KENNETH CHAPIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, USA, SAMANTHA DAWSON, SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, AREND JACOBUS DE BEER, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, GERMANY, LEANDRO DUARTE, UFRGS, EMILIE DUCOURET, UMR ECOFOG (AGROPARISTECH, CNRS, INRA, UNIVERSITÉ DES ANTILLES, UNIVERSITÉ DE LA GUYANE), FRANCE, STEFAN DULLINGER, UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA, DAN F. B. FLYNN, ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, USA, VERONIKA FONTANA, INSTITUTE FOR ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, ITALY, KYONG-SOOK CHUNG, JUNGWON UNIVERSITY, KOREA, MILAN CHYTRÝ, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, DANIELA CICCARELLI, UNIVERSITY OF PISA, ITALY, LLUÍS COLL, UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA, SPAIN, COURTNEY G. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, USA, LUISA CONTI, UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, DAVID COOMES, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UK, JOHANNES H. C. CORNELISSEN, VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT, THE NETHERLANDS, WILLIAM K. CORNWELL, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AUSTRALIA, PIERMARIA CORONA, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, MARIE COYEA, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA, JOSEPH CRAINE, JONAH VENTURES, USA, DYLAN CRAVEN, UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR, CHILE, JORIS P. G. M. CROMSIGT, SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN, ANIKÓ CSECSERITS, MTA CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, HUNGARY, KATARINA CUFAR, UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA, MATTHIAS CUNTZ, UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE, FRANCE, ANA CAROLINA DA SILVA, SANTA CATARINA STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL, KYLA M. DAHLIN, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MATTEO DAINESE, INSTITUTE FOR ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, ITALY, IGOR DALKE, INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF KOMI SCIENCE CENTRE OF THE URAL BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, RUSSIA, MICHELE DALLE FRATTE, UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, ITALY, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM, JIRÍ DANIHELKA, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, MASAKO DANNOURA, KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, JONATHAN R. DE LONG, NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, THE NETHERLANDS, BENJAMIN DECHANT, SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, REPUBLIC OF KOREA, SYLVAIN DELAGRANGE, INSTITUTE OF TEMPERATE FOREST SCIENCES (ISFORT), CANADA, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, UNIVERSITY OF PARIS?SUD, FRANCE, GÉRALDINE DERROIRE, UNIVERSITÉ DES ANTILLES, FRANCE, ARILDO S. DIAS, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY, MILTON HUGO DIAZ-TORIBIO, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, PANAYIOTIS G. DIMITRAKOPOULOS, UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN, GREECE, MARK DOBROWOLSKI, THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA, DANIEL DOKTOR, HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH – UFZ, GERMANY, PAVEL DREVOJAN, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, NING DONG, MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, JOHN DRANSFIELD, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW, UK, STEFAN DRESSLER, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, GERMANY, WALTER DURKA, GERMAN CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH (IDIV) HALLE?JENA?LEIPZIG, GERMANY, REMKO DUURSMA, WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, OLGA DYMOVA, KOMI REPUBLIC, RUSSIA, E-VOJTKÓ, A., UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, ROLF LUTZ ECKSTEIN, KARLSTAD UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN, HAMID EJTEHADI, FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD, IRAN, JAMES ELSER, UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA, USA, THAISE EMILIO, UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS UNICAMP, BRAZIL, KRISTINE ENGEMANN, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, MOHAMMAD BAGHER ERFANIAN, FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD, IRAN, ALEXANDRA ERFMEIER, KIEL UNIVERSITY, KIEL, GERMANY, ADRIANE ESQUIVEL-MUELBERT, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AUSTRALIA, GERD ESSER, JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, MARC ESTIARTE, SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL – CSIC, SPAIN, TOMAS F. DOMINGUES, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY – FFCLRP/USP, BRAZIL, WILLIAM F. FAGAN, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, USA, JAIME FAGÚNDEZ, UNIVERSITY OF A CORUÑA, SPAIN, DANIEL S. FALSTER, EVOLUTION & ECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE, AUSTRALIA, YING FAN, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA, JINGYUN FANG, PEKING UNIVERSITY, CHINA, EMMANUELE FARRIS, UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI, ITALY, FATIH FAZLIOGLU, ORDU UNIVERSITY, TURKEY, YANHAO FENG, LANZHOU UNIVERSITY, CHINA, FERNANDO FERNANDEZ-MENDEZ, UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA, COLOMBIA, CARLOTTA FERRARA, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, ALESSANDRA FIDELIS, (UNESP), RIO CLARO, BRAZIL, BRYAN FINEGAN, CATIE-CENTRO AGRONÓMICO TROPICAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA, COSTA RICA, JENNIFER FIRN, QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (QUT), AUSTRALIA, TIMOTHY J. FLOWERS, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, UK, ESTELLE FOREY, UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN, FRANCE, CRISTIANE FORGIARINI, UFRGS, BRAZIL., LOUIS FRANÇOIS, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM., MARCELO FRANGIPANI, UFRGS, BRAZIL, DOROTHEA FRANK, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, CEDRIC FRENETTE-DUSSAULT, GÉOPOLE DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE, CANADA, GRÉGOIRE T. FRESCHET, PAUL SABATIER UNIVERSITY TOULOUSE, FRANCE, PAUL LEADLEY, UNIVERSITY OF PARIS-SUD, UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY, ORSAY, FRANCE, IZABELA ALEIXO, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AMAZONIAN RESEARCH (INPA), BRAZIL, SANDRA DÍAZ, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA, SANDRA LAVOREL, UNIV. SAVOIE MONT BLANC, LECA, GRENOBLE, FRANCE, IAIN COLIN PRENTICE, IMPERIAL COLLEGE, UK., CAROLYN ANDERSON, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST, USA, NIELS ANTEN, WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS, JOSEPH ANTOS, UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA, CANADA, DEBORAH MATTOS GUIMARÃES APGAUA, JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, TIA-LYNN ASHMAN, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, USA, DEGI HARJA ASMARA, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA, GREGORY P. ASNER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., MICHAEL ASPINWALL, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA, USA., OWEN ATKIN, AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA., ISABELLE AUBIN, NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA, LARS BAASTRUP-SPOHR, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK., KHADIJEH BAHALKEH, TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN., MICHAEL BAHN, UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA., TIMOTHY BAKER, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS, UK., WILLIAM J. BAKER, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW, UK., JAN P. BAKKER, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS., DENNIS BALDOCCHI, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, USA., JENNIFER BALTZER, WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA, ARINDAM BANERJEE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA., ANNE BARANGER, AGROPARISTECH, FRANCE., JOS BARLOW, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK., DIEGO R. BARNECHE, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UK., ZDRAVKO BARUCH, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA., DENIS BASTIANELLI, UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE., JOHN BATTLES, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY, USA, WILLIAM BAUERLE, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, SOLVEIG FRANZISKA BUCHER, FRIEDRICH?SCHILLER?UNIVERSITÄT JENA, GERMANY, GAVIN BELFRY, UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, USA., MICHAEL BELLUAU, UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL, CANADA., MIRELA BELOIU, UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH, GERMANY., RAQUEL BENAVIDES, MUSEO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS NATURALES-CSIC, SPAIN., LAHCEN BENOMAR, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA., MARY LEE BERDUGO-LATTKE, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, COLOMBIA., ERIKA BERENGUER, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UK., RODRIGO BERGAMIN, UFRS, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH ZURICH, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, ANNE D. BJORKMAN, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN., CHRIS BLACKMAN, UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT-AUVERGNE, FRANCE., CAROLINA BLANCO, UFRGS, BENJAMIN BLONDER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., DANA BLUMENTHAL, USDA-ARS RANGELAND RESOURCES & SYSTEMS RESEARCH UNIT, USA., KELLY T. BOCANEGRA-GONZÁLEZ, UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA, COLOMBIA., PASCAL BOECKX, GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM., STEPHANIE BOHLMAN, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA., KATRIN BÖHNING-GAESE, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY., LAURA BOISVERT-MARSH, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY., WILLIAM BOND, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA., BEN BOND-LAMBERTY, COLLEGE PARK, USA., ARNOUD BOOM, UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER, UK., COLINE C. F. BOONMAN, RADBOUD UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS., KAUANE BORDIN, UFRGS, ELIZABETH H. BOUGHTON, ARCHBOLD BIOLOGICAL STATION'S BUCK ISLAND RANCH, USA., VANESSA BOUKILI, UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT, USA, DAVID M. J. S. BOWMAN, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA., SANDRA BRAVO, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, MARCO RICHARD BRENDEL, UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM, MARTIN R. BROADLEY, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UK, KERRY A. BROWN, KINGSTON UNIVERSITY, UK., HELGE BRUELHEIDE, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE?WITTENBERG, GERMANY, FERNANDO CASANOVES, CATIE-CENTRO AGRONÓMICO TROPICAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA, COSTA RICA, F. STUART CHAPIN, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA, STEFANO CHELLI, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, SI?CHONG CHEN, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, UK, ANPING CHEN, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, PAOLO CHERUBINI, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, FRANCESCO CHIANUCCI, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, BRENDAN CHOAT, WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, GUILHERME G. MAZZOCHINI, UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, BRAZIL, SOPHIE GACHET, UNIV AVIGNON, FRANCE, RACHAEL GALLAGHER, MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, GISLENE GANADE, UFRN, BRAZIL., MARY-CLAIRE GLASENHARDT, THE MORTON ARBORETUM, USA, ALAIN HAMBUCKERS, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM, MASAE ISHIHARA, KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, LEONID IVANOV, TYUMEN STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA, LARISSA IVANOVA, TYUMEN STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA., COLLEEN M. IVERSEN, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, USA, JORDI IZQUIERDO, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain, ROBERT B. JACKSON, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, USA, FRANCESCA GANGA, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, ITALY, PABLO GARCÍA-PALACIOS, UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS, SPAIN, VERÓNICA GARGAGLIONE, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PATAGONIA AUSTRAL, ARGENTINA, ERIC GARNIER, UNIV. MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, JOSE LUIS GARRIDO, ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDÍN, SPAIN, ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER, UNIVERSIDADE REGIONAL DE BLUMENAU, BRAZIL, GUILLERMO GEAIZQUIERDO, INIA?CIFOR, SPAIN, DAVID GIBSON, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE, USA, ANDREW N. GILLISON, CENTER FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, AUSTRALIA, AELTON GIROLDO, INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO CEARÁ, BRAZIL, SEAN GLEASON, WATER MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS RESEARCH UNIT, USA, MARIANA GLIESCH, INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, EMMA GOLDBERG, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA, BASTIAN GÖLDEL, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, ERIKA GONZALEZ-AKRE, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NTNU, NORWAY, JOSE L. GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, CSIC-INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (IAS), SPAIN, ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ-MELO, UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, COLOMBIA, ANA GONZÁLEZ-ROBLES, UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN, SPAIN, BENTE JESSEN GRAAE, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NTNU, NORWAY, ELENA GRANDA, UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ, SPAIN, SARAH GRAVES, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, WALTON A. GREEN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, USA, THOMAS GREGOR, SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, GERMANY, NICOLAS GROSS, UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS, SPAIN, GREG R. GUERIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA, ANGELA GÜNTHER, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, CHILE, LILLIE HADDOCK, COLLEGE PARK, USA, ANNA HAINES, THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UK, JEFFERSON HALL, SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, WENXUAN HAN, CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA, SANDY P. HARRISON, UNIVERSITY OF READING, UK, WESLEY HATTINGH, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA, JOSEPH E. HAWES, ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY, UK, TIANHUA HE, CURTIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, PENGCHENG HE, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA, JACOB MASON HEBERLING, CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, USA, AVELIINA HELM, UNIVERSITY OF TARTU, ESTONIA, STEFAN HEMPEL, FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN, GERMANY, JÖRN HENTSCHEL, FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITÄT JENA, GERMANY, BRUNO HÉRAULT, UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, ANA-MARIA HERE, TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRASOV, ROMANIA, KATHARINA HERZ, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE?WITTENBERG, GERMANY, MYRIAM HEUERTZ, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, THOMAS HICKLER, GOETHE UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, PETER HIETZ, UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES, AUSTRIA, PEDRO HIGUCHI, SANTA CATARINA STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL, ANDREW L. HIPP, THE MORTON ARBORETUM, USA, ANDREW HIRONS, UNIVERSITY CENTRE MYERSCOUGH, UK, MARIA HOCK, INSTITUTE FOR ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH/GEOBOTANY, GERMANY, JAMES AARON HOGAN, FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, USA, KAREN HOLL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, USA, OLIVIER HONNAY, PLANT CONSERVATION AND POPULATION BIOLOGY, BELGIUM, KNUT ANDERS HOVSTAD, DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITY, NORWAY, TOMOAKI ICHIE, KOCHI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, BORIS IGIC, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO, USA, ESTELA ILLA, UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA, SPAIN, MARNEY ISAAC, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, CANADA, BENJAMIN JACKSON, UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, HERVÉ JACTEL, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, ANDRZEJ M. JAGODZINSKI, UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, POLAND, UTE JANDT, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE-WITTENBERG, GERMANY, STEVEN JANSEN, ULM UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, THOMAS, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Helsinki, Tarbiat Modaras University, Roma Tre University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, University of Innsbruck, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/ EHU, Bilbao, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy, BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences – Biology, Karlstad University, Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Justus Liebig University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Sassari, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Harvard University [Cambridge], Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), University of Cagliari, Universidad de Chile, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), University of California, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Venda, Philipps University of Marburg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, State University of New York, Stonybrook, IT University of Copenhagen, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Humboldt University of Berlin, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, University of Leipzig [Leipzig, Allemagne], Unité d'Agronomie, University of Debrecen-Research Centre for Molecular Medicine-Medical and Health Science Centre, Global Change Research Institute, University of California [Berkeley], Natural resources institute Finland, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Kyoto University [Kyoto]-Kyoto University [Kyoto], Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], University of Milan, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), University of Extremadura, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Federal University of Lavras, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Leiden University, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Departments of Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut national polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy, Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain, UMR Nancy-Université- INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Nancy Université, Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Environmental Sciences, Guelph, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Biological Sciences-Lancaster University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia, AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], wiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, West Sussex, UK, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary, Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Florida [Gainesville], UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences – University of Birmingham, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), University of Ordu, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Smithsonian Institution, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Florida International University (FIU), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Charles University [Prague], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Hokkaido University, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Western Sydney University (UWS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Masaryk University, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Université de Montréal [Montréal], Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), Normal Zhejiang University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, VU University Amsterdam, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), University of Parma, Cardiff School of Social Sciences, University of Cardiff, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton] (BNL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Algoma University [Canada], University of Goettingen, University of Wuerzburg, University of Würzburg, AFSSA, Sherbrooke University, University of Lisbon, Department of Biology (University of Florida), Florida Museum of Natural History, Technical University in Zvolen, University of Zvolen, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Bioversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), University of Tsukuba, Kattge, Jen, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert D A, Aakala, Tuoma, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adamidis, George C, Adamson, Kairi, Aiba, Masahiro, Albert, Cécile H, Alcántara, Julio M, Alcázar C, Carolina, Aleixo, Izabela, Ali, Hamada, Amiaud, Bernard, Ammer, Christian, Amoroso, Mariano M, Anand, Madhur, Anderson, Carolyn, Anten, Niel, Antos, Joseph, Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarãe, Ashman, Tia-Lynn, Asmara, Degi Harja, Asner, Gregory P, Aspinwall, Michael, Atkin, Owen, Aubin, Isabelle, Baastrup-Spohr, Lar, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Baker, Timothy, Baker, William J, Bakker, Jan P, Baldocchi, Denni, Baltzer, Jennifer, Banerjee, Arindam, Baranger, Anne, Barlow, Jo, Barneche, Diego R, Baruch, Zdravko, Bastianelli, Deni, Battles, John, Bauerle, William, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzato, Erika, Beckmann, Michael, Beeckman, Han, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bekker, Renee, Belfry, Gavin, Belluau, Michael, Beloiu, Mirela, Benavides, Raquel, Benomar, Lahcen, Berdugo-Lattke, Mary Lee, Berenguer, Erika, Bergamin, Rodrigo, Bergmann, Joana, Bergmann Carlucci, Marco, Berner, Logan, Bernhardt-Römermann, Marku, Bigler, Christof, Bjorkman, Anne D, Blackman, Chri, Blanco, Carolina, Blonder, Benjamin, Blumenthal, Dana, Bocanegra-González, Kelly T, Boeckx, Pascal, Bohlman, Stephanie, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boisvert-Marsh, Laura, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Boom, Arnoud, Boonman, Coline C F, Bordin, Kauane, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Boukili, Vanessa, Bowman, David M J S, Bravo, Sandra, Brendel, Marco Richard, Broadley, Martin R, Brown, Kerry A, Bruelheide, Helge, Brumnich, Federico, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bruy, David, Buchanan, Serra W, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Buitenwerf, Robert, Bunker, Daniel E, Bürger, Jana, Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, David F R P, Butterfield, Bradley J, Byun, Chaeho, Marques, Marcia, Scalon, Marina C, Caccianiga, Marco, Cadotte, Marc, Cailleret, Maxime, Camac, Jame, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campany, Courtney, Campetella, Giandiego, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, Laura, Canullo, Roberto, Carbognani, Michele, Carvalho, Fabio, Casanoves, Fernando, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Catford, Jane A, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Cerabolini, Bruno E L, Cervellini, Marco, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Chapin, Kenneth, Chapin, F Stuart, Chelli, Stefano, Chen, Si-Chong, Chen, Anping, Cherubini, Paolo, Chianucci, Francesco, Choat, Brendan, Chung, Kyong-Sook, Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Coll, Lluí, Collins, Courtney G, Conti, Luisa, Coomes, David, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Cornwell, William K, Corona, Piermaria, Coyea, Marie, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Cromsigt, Joris P G M, Csecserits, Anikó, Cufar, Katarina, Cuntz, Matthia, da Silva, Ana Carolina, Dahlin, Kyla M, Dainese, Matteo, Dalke, Igor, Dalle Fratte, Michele, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, Danihelka, Jirí, Dannoura, Masako, Dawson, Samantha, de Beer, Arend Jacobu, De Frutos, Angel, De Long, Jonathan R, Dechant, Benjamin, Delagrange, Sylvain, Delpierre, Nicola, Derroire, Géraldine, Dias, Arildo S, Diaz-Toribio, Milton Hugo, Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G, Dobrowolski, Mark, Doktor, Daniel, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dong, Ning, Dransfield, John, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Leandro, Ducouret, Emilie, Dullinger, Stefan, Durka, Walter, Duursma, Remko, Dymova, Olga, E-Vojtkó, Anna, Eckstein, Rolf Lutz, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Elser, Jame, Emilio, Thaise, Engemann, Kristine, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, Erfmeier, Alexandra, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Esser, Gerd, Estiarte, Marc, Domingues, Tomas F, Fagan, William F, Fagúndez, Jaime, Falster, Daniel S, Fan, Ying, Fang, Jingyun, Farris, Emmanuele, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feng, Yanhao, Fernandez-Mendez, Fernando, Ferrara, Carlotta, Ferreira, Joice, Fidelis, Alessandra, Finegan, Bryan, Firn, Jennifer, Flowers, Timothy J, Flynn, Dan F B, Fontana, Veronika, Forey, Estelle, Forgiarini, Cristiane, François, Loui, Frangipani, Marcelo, Frank, Dorothea, Frenette-Dussault, Cedric, Freschet, Grégoire T, Fry, Ellen L, Fyllas, Nikolaos M, Mazzochini, Guilherme G, Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Ganade, Gislene, Ganga, Francesca, García-Palacios, Pablo, Gargaglione, Verónica, Garnier, Eric, Garrido, Jose Lui, de Gasper, André Luí, Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo, Gibson, David, Gillison, Andrew N, Giroldo, Aelton, Glasenhardt, Mary-Claire, Gleason, Sean, Gliesch, Mariana, Goldberg, Emma, Göldel, Bastian, Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gonzalez-Andujar, Jose L, González-Melo, André, González-Robles, Ana, Graae, Bente Jessen, Granda, Elena, Graves, Sarah, Green, Walton A, Gregor, Thoma, Gross, Nicola, Guerin, Greg R, Günther, Angela, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Haddock, Lillie, Haines, Anna, Hall, Jefferson, Hambuckers, Alain, Han, Wenxuan, Harrison, Sandy P, Hattingh, Wesley, Hawes, Joseph E, He, Tianhua, He, Pengcheng, Heberling, Jacob Mason, Helm, Aveliina, Hempel, Stefan, Hentschel, Jörn, Hérault, Bruno, Hereş, Ana-Maria, Herz, Katharina, Heuertz, Myriam, Hickler, Thoma, Hietz, Peter, Higuchi, Pedro, Hipp, Andrew L, Hirons, Andrew, Hock, Maria, Hogan, James Aaron, Holl, Karen, Honnay, Olivier, Hornstein, Daniel, Hou, Enqing, Hough-Snee, Nate, Hovstad, Knut Ander, Ichie, Tomoaki, Igić, Bori, Illa, Estela, Isaac, Marney, Ishihara, Masae, Ivanov, Leonid, Ivanova, Larissa, Iversen, Colleen M, Izquierdo, Jordi, Jackson, Robert B, Jackson, Benjamin, Jactel, Hervé, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Steven, Jenkins, Thoma, Jentsch, Anke, Jespersen, Jens Rasmus Plantener, Jiang, Guo-Feng, Johansen, Jesper Liengaard, Johnson, David, Jokela, Eric J, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jordan, Gregory J, Joseph, Grant Stuart, Junaedi, Decky, Junker, Robert R, Justes, Eric, Kabzems, Richard, Kane, Jeffrey, Kaplan, Zdenek, Kattenborn, Teja, Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kempel, Anne, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kerkhoff, Andrew, Khalil, Mohammed I, Kinlock, Nicole L, Kissling, Wilm Daniel, Kitajima, Kaoru, Kitzberger, Thoma, Kjøller, Rasmu, Klein, Tamir, Kleyer, Michael, Klimešová, Jitka, Klipel, Joice, Kloeppel, Brian, Klotz, Stefan, Knops, Johannes M H, Kohyama, Takashi, Koike, Fumito, Kollmann, Johanne, Komac, Benjamin, Komatsu, Kimberly, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan J B, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kumarathunge, Dushan, Kuppler, Jona, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Kurosawa, Yoko, Kuyah, Shem, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Lafleur, Benoit, Lallai, Erik, Lamb, Eric, Lamprecht, Andrea, Larkin, Daniel J, Laughlin, Daniel, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, le Maire, Guerric, le Roux, Peter C, le Roux, Elizabeth, Lee, Tali, Lens, Frederic, Lewis, Simon L, Lhotsky, Barbara, Li, Yuanzhi, Li, Xine, Lichstein, Jeremy W, Liebergesell, Mario, Lim, Jun Ying, Lin, Yan-Shih, Linares, Juan Carlo, Liu, Chunjiang, Liu, Daijun, Liu, Udayangani, Livingstone, Stuart, Llusià, Joan, Lohbeck, Madelon, López-García, Álvaro, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Louault, Frédérique, Lukács, Balázs A, Lukeš, Petr, Luo, Yunjian, Lussu, Michele, Ma, Siyan, Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Camilla, Mack, Michelle, Maire, Vincent, Mäkelä, Annikki, Mäkinen, Harri, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mende, Mallik, Azim, Manning, Peter, Manzoni, Stefano, Marchetti, Zuleica, Marchino, Luca, Marcilio-Silva, Viniciu, Marcon, Eric, Marignani, Michela, Markesteijn, Lar, Martin, Adam, Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi, Mašková, Tereza, Mason, Kelly, Mason, Norman, Massad, Tara Joy, Masse, Jacynthe, Mayrose, Itay, Mccarthy, Jame, Mccormack, M Luke, Mcculloh, Katherine, Mcfadden, Ian R, Mcgill, Brian J, Mcpartland, Mara Y, Medeiros, Juliana S, Medlyn, Belinda, Meerts, Pierre, Mehrabi, Zia, Meir, Patrick, Melo, Felipe P L, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Meredieu, Céline, Messier, Julie, Mészáros, Ilona, Metsaranta, Juha, Michaletz, Sean T, Michelaki, Chrysanthi, Migalina, Svetlana, Milla, Ruben, Miller, Jesse E D, Minden, Vanessa, Ming, Ray, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T, Molnár, Attila, Molofsky, Jane, Molz, Martin, Montgomery, Rebecca A, Monty, Arnaud, Moravcová, Lenka, Moreno-Martínez, Alvaro, Moretti, Marco, Mori, Akira S, Mori, Shigeta, Morris, Dave, Morrison, Jane, Mucina, Ladislav, Mueller, Sandra, Muir, Christopher D, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Munoz, Françoi, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Myster, Randall W, Nagano, Masahiro, Naidu, Shawna, Narayanan, Ayyappan, Natesan, Balachandran, Negoita, Luka, Nelson, Andrew S, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Ni, Jian, Niedrist, Georg, Nieto, Jhon, Niinemets, Ülo, Nolan, Rachael, Nottebrock, Henning, Nouvellon, Yann, Novakovskiy, Alexander, Nystuen, Kristin Odden, O'Grady, Anthony, O'Hara, Kevin, O'Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, Oakley, Simon, Oberhuber, Walter, Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, Oliveira, Ricardo, Öllerer, Kinga, Olson, Mark E, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E, Ordonez, Jenny C, Osada, Noriyuki, Ostonen, Ivika, Ottaviani, Gianluigi, Otto, Sarah, Overbeck, Gerhard E, Ozinga, Wim A, Pahl, Anna T, Paine, C E Timothy, Pakeman, Robin J, Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C, Parfionova, Evgeniya, Pärtel, Meeli, Patacca, Marco, Paula, Susana, Paule, Juraj, Pauli, Harald, Pausas, Juli G, Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Perea, Antonio, Peri, Pablo Lui, Petisco-Souza, Ana Carolina, Petraglia, Alessandro, Petritan, Any Mary, Phillips, Oliver L, Pierce, Simon, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Pomogaybin, Alexandr, Poorter, Hendrik, Portsmuth, Angelika, Poschlod, Peter, Potvin, Catherine, Pounds, Devon, Powell, A Shafer, Power, Sally A, Prinzing, Andrea, Puglielli, Giacomo, Pyšek, Petr, Raevel, Valerie, Rammig, Anja, Ransijn, Johanne, Ray, Courtenay A, Reich, Peter B, Reichstein, Marku, Reid, Douglas E B, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, de Dios, Victor Resco, Ribeiro, Sabina, Richardson, Sarah, Riibak, Kersti, Rillig, Matthias C, Riviera, Fiamma, Robert, Elisabeth M R, Roberts, Scott, Robroek, Bjorn, Roddy, Adam, Rodrigues, Arthur Viniciu, Rogers, Alistair, Rollinson, Emily, Rolo, Victor, Römermann, Christine, Ronzhina, Dina, Roscher, Christiane, Rosell, Julieta A, Rosenfield, Milena Fermina, Rossi, Christian, Roy, David B, Royer-Tardif, Samuel, Rüger, Nadja, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Rumpf, Sabine B, Rusch, Graciela M, Ryo, Masahiro, Sack, Lawren, Saldaña, Angela, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, Santa-Regina, Ignacio, Santacruz-García, Ana Carolina, Santos, Joaquim, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schleuning, Matthia, Schmid, Bernhard, Schmidt, Marco, Schmitt, Sylvain, Schneider, Julio V, Schowanek, Simon D, Schrader, Julian, Schrodt, Franziska, Schuldt, Bernhard, Schurr, Frank, Selaya Garvizu, Galia, Semchenko, Marina, Seymour, Colleen, Sfair, Julia C, Sharpe, Joanne M, Sheppard, Christine S, Sheremetiev, Serge, 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Paul Valéry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Agricultural Research Service, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), CSIC – Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Universidad del Rosario, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, University of Alcalá, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, The University of Manchester, China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Reading, University of the Witwatersrand, Anglia Ruskin University, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Curtin University, INP-HB, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Goethe University, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, The Field Museum, Florida International University, US Department of Energy, Santa Cruz, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Kochi University, University of Illinois at Chicago, Universitat de Barcelona, University of Toronto, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Ulm University, Guangxi University, Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Philipps-University Marburg, University Salzburg, CIRAD, Humboldt State University, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Charles University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, State University of New York at Stony Brook, University of Amsterdam, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Weizmann Institute of Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Technical University of Munich, Wageningen University & Research, Land Life Company, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, UMR Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, University of Saskatchewan, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, University of Wyoming, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, University College London, Sun Yat-sen University, University of Leipzig, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Wageningen University and Research, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), University of Jaén, DRI, Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Federal University of Alagoas, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Tel Aviv University, The University of Queensland, CSIRO, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, The Australian National University, The University of Edinburgh, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), ICREA, UEFP, University of Waterloo, Tulipan s/n, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Vermont, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Matieland, University of Freiburg, University of Hawai'i, Université Grenoble-Alpes, French Institute of Pondicherry, Oklahoma State University, Charles Darwin Research Station, University of Idaho, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, NORD University, NTNU, Gifu University, Romanian Academy, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Universidad de las Américas, Wageningen Environmental Research, Technische Universität München, University of New England, Democritus University of Thrace, Universidad Austral de Chile, Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, University of Regensburg, McGill University, Morton Arboretum, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Université Paul Valéry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Universitat de Lleida, Universidade Federal do Acre, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Mississippi State University, Radboud University Nijmegen, Yale University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, University of Zurich, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Canadian Forest Service, University of Valladolid-INIA, University of Lausanne, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oxford University, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Universidade de Coimbra, Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, University of Regina, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Università degli Studi di Padova, Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Texas Tech University, Archbold Biological Station, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Hacettepe University, Utrecht University, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, University of Sheffield, Silwood Park, MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, University of Delaware, UMR PIAF, MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, University of Illinois, Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, University of New Hampshire, National University of Singapore, Edinburgh University, Florida Institute of Technology, University of Konstanz, Taizhou University, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universidad de Concepcion, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Goa University, Pondicherry University, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fujian Normal University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Maritime and Science Technology Academy, University of Winnipeg, King Saud University, University of California – Irvine, U. S. Geological Survey, Duke University, NSW Department of Primary Industries, SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Sorbonne-Université, Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), George Washington University, National Taiwan University, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), University Oldenburg, and Biyoloji
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, LIFE-HISTORY, Geography & travel, WOOD DENSITY, plant trait, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, Growth, 580 Plants (Botany), COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, ROOT TRAITS, Biologiska vetenskaper, Ecological modeling, data coverage, data integration, data representativeness, functional diversity, plant traits, TRY plant trait database, Biodiversity, Ecology, Plants, Access to Information, Ecosystem, data representativene, ddc:910, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GLOBAL PATTERNS, food and beverages, LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS, Biological Sciences, CAVElab, Data processing, ddc:580, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Conservation, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INCLINATION ANGLE DISTRIBUTION, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ecology and Environment, Database, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, ddc:570, Datenintegration, Environmental Chemistry, DDC 004 / Data processing & computer science, Intraspecific competition, Data integration (Computer science), Science & Technology, Biology and Life Sciences, Plant, 06 Biological Sciences, Environmental factor, Nutrient Network, Biology and Microbiology, FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, DDC 580 / Botanical sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ddc:004, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE
Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives., publishedVersion
Published: 2020

29. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., Phillips, O.L., Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., and Phillips, O.L.
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.
Published: 2020

30. Lianas in silico, ecological insights from a model of structural parasitism

Author: di Porcia e Brugnera, M., Fischer, Rico, Taubert, Franziska, Huth, Andreas, Verbeeck, H., di Porcia e Brugnera, M., Fischer, Rico, Taubert, Franziska, Huth, Andreas, and Verbeeck, H.
Abstract: Tropical forests are a critical component of the Earth system, storing half of the global forest carbon stocks and accounting for a third of terrestrial photosynthesis. Lianas are structural parasites that can substantially reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of these forests. Simulations of this peculiar growth form have only recently started and a single vegetation model included lianas so far. In this work we present a new liana implementation within the individual based model Formind. Initial tests indicate high structural realism both horizontal and vertical. In particular, we benchmarked the model against empirical observations of size distribution, mean liana cluster size and vertical leaf distribution for the Paracou site in French Guiana. Our model predicted a reduction of above-ground biomass between 10% for mature stands to 45% for secondary plots upon inclusion of lianas in the simulations. The reduced biomass was the result of a lower productivity due to a combination of lower tree photosynthesis and high liana respiration. We evaluated structural metrics (LAI, basal area, mean tree-height) and carbon fluxes (GPP, respiration) by comparing simulations with and without lianas. At the equilibrium, liana productivity was 1.9tC ha y or 23% of the total GPP and the forest carbon stocks were between 5% and 11% lower in simulations with lianas. We also highlight the main strengths and limitations of this new approach and propose new field measurements to further the understanding of liana ecology in a modelling framework.
Published: 2020

31. Contributions of climate, leaf area index and leaf physiology to variation in gross primary production of six coniferous forests across Europe: a model-based analysis

Author: Duursma, R. A., Kolari, P., Perämäki, M., Pulkkinen, M., Mäkelä, A., Nikinmaa, E., Hari, P., Aurela, M., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, Ch., Grünwald, T., Loustau, D., Mölder, M., Verbeeck, H., and Vesala, T.
Published: 2009
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32. Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author: Steidinger, B., Crowther, T., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M., Werner, G., Reich, P., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Zhao, X., Zhang, C., Routh, D., Peay, K., Abegg, M., Adou~Yao, C., Alberti, G., Almeyda~Zambrano, A., Alvarez-Davila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Ba?azy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla~Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Condit, R., Coomes, D., Cornejo~Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Huber, M., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., K{ö}hl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo~Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez~Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Schepaschenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Sch{ö}ngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Salas-Eljatib, C., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stere?czak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Vasquez~Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Biogeography, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, 02 engineering and technology, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Decomposition (computer science), Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Life Science, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Published Erratum, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Tree (data structure), Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biometris, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 0210 nano-technology, Citation
Abstract: In this Letter, the middle initial of author G. J. Nabuurs was omitted, and he should have been associated with an additional affiliation: ‘Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands’ (now added as affiliation 182). In addition, the following two statements have been added to the Supplementary Acknowledgements. (1): ‘We would particularly like to thank The French NFI for the work of the many field teams and engineers, who have made extraordinary efforts to make forest inventory data publicly available.’ (1): ‘Sergio de Miguel benefited from a Serra- Húnter Fellowship provided by the Generalitat of Catalonia.’ Finally, the second sentence of the Methods section should have cited the French NFI, which provided a national forestry database used in our analysis, to read as follows: ‘The GFBi database consists of individual-based data that we compiled from all the regional and national GFBi forest-inventory datasets, including the French NFI (IGN—French National Forest Inventory, raw data, annual campaigns 2005 and following, https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159, site accessed on 01 January 2015)’. All of these errors have been corrected online.
Published: 2019

33. Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Author: Steidinger, B. S., Crowther, T. W., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M. E., Werner, G. D. A., Reich, P. B., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Karminov, V., Sist, P., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Johannsen, V., Iêda, A., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Thomas, R., Bastin, J. -F., Ibanez, T., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Dayanandan, S., Imai, N., Derroire, G., Usoltsev, V. A., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Dourdain, A., Van Do, T., Abegg, M., Enquist, B., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Joly, C. A., Viana, H., Alves, L. F., Jagodzinski, A. M., Vieira, S., Ngugi, M., de Gasper, A. L., Keppel, G., Obiang, N. L. E., Neldner, V., von Gadow, K., Wang, H. -F., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Khan, M. L., Kraxner, F., Jucker, T., Zagt, R., Birigazzi, L., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Baker, T., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Kartawinata, K., Niklaus, P., Kennard, D., Laarmann, D., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Kim, H. S., Silveira, M., Köhl, M., Brancalion, P. H. S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Brienen, R., Lang, M., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Oleksyn, J., Bussotti, F., Searle, E., Nevenic, R., Kearsley, E., Schmid, B., Kitayama, K., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Zhang, C., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H. Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Park, M., Ontikov, P., Clark, C. J., Eyre, T., Sonké, B., Clark, D., Sheil, D., DeVries, B., Fandohan, A. B., Fayle, T. M., Feldpausch, T. R., Seben, V., Parren, M., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Finér, L., Lewis, S., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Pan, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J. G. P., Parthasarathy, N., Gianelle, D., Pfautsch, S., Glick, H. B., Harris, D., Serra-Diaz, J. M., Hector, A., Zhao, X., Schöngart, J., Hemp, A., Zhu, Z. -X., Paquette, A., Peri, P. L., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio, Coronado, E. N., Huber, M., Hui, C., Slik, F., Salas-Eljatib, C., Cho, H., Lu, H., Araujo-Murakami, A., Korjus, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Shvidenko, A., Zo-Bi, I. C., Singh, J., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B. S., Souza, A. F., Decuyper, M., Svenning, J. -C., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marshall, A. R., Martin, E., Routh, D., Martynenko, O., Meave, J. A., Melo-Cruz, O., Coomes, D., Silva-Espejo, J., Ammer, C., Colletta, G., Stereńczak, K., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S. A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M. G., Antón-Fernández, C., Bałazy, R., Peay, K. G., Phillips, O., Neill, D., Cumming, J., Parfenova, E., Piedade, M. T., Piotto, D., Adou Yao, C. Y., Cornejo Valverde, F., Alvarez-Davila, E., Banki, O., Pitman, N. C. A., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Arroyo, L., Kenfack, D., Aymard, G., Poulsen, A. D., Poulsen, J. R., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Barroso, J., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Corral-Rivas, J. J., Rolim, S., Jaroszewicz, B., Condit, R., Alberti, G., Jung, I., Avitabile, V., Roopsind, A., Bastian, M., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M. -J., Djordjevic, I., Crim, P., Schepaschenko, D., Svoboda, M., Killeen, T., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Steidinger, B. S., Crowther, T. W., Liang, J., Van Nuland, M. E., Werner, G. D. A., Reich, P. B., Nabuurs, G., de-Miguel, S., Zhou, M., Picard, N., Herault, B., Karminov, V., Sist, P., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Steege, H., Johannsen, V., Iêda, A., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Thomas, R., Bastin, J. -F., Ibanez, T., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Dayanandan, S., Imai, N., Derroire, G., Usoltsev, V. A., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Dourdain, A., Van Do, T., Abegg, M., Enquist, B., Vasquez Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Joly, C. A., Viana, H., Alves, L. F., Jagodzinski, A. M., Vieira, S., Ngugi, M., de Gasper, A. L., Keppel, G., Obiang, N. L. E., Neldner, V., von Gadow, K., Wang, H. -F., Watson, J., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Khan, M. L., Kraxner, F., Jucker, T., Zagt, R., Birigazzi, L., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Baker, T., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Kartawinata, K., Niklaus, P., Kennard, D., Laarmann, D., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Kim, H. S., Silveira, M., Köhl, M., Brancalion, P. H. S., Brandl, S., Brearley, F. Q., Brienen, R., Lang, M., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Oleksyn, J., Bussotti, F., Searle, E., Nevenic, R., Kearsley, E., Schmid, B., Kitayama, K., Cazzolla Gatti, R., Zhang, C., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H. Y. H., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Park, M., Ontikov, P., Clark, C. J., Eyre, T., Sonké, B., Clark, D., Sheil, D., DeVries, B., Fandohan, A. B., Fayle, T. M., Feldpausch, T. R., Seben, V., Parren, M., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Finér, L., Lewis, S., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Pan, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J. G. P., Parthasarathy, N., Gianelle, D., Pfautsch, S., Glick, H. B., Harris, D., Serra-Diaz, J. M., Hector, A., Zhao, X., Schöngart, J., Hemp, A., Zhu, Z. -X., Paquette, A., Peri, P. L., Zawila-Niedzwiecki, T., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio, Coronado, E. N., Huber, M., Hui, C., Slik, F., Salas-Eljatib, C., Cho, H., Lu, H., Araujo-Murakami, A., Korjus, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Shvidenko, A., Zo-Bi, I. C., Singh, J., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B. S., Souza, A. F., Decuyper, M., Svenning, J. -C., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marshall, A. R., Martin, E., Routh, D., Martynenko, O., Meave, J. A., Melo-Cruz, O., Coomes, D., Silva-Espejo, J., Ammer, C., Colletta, G., Stereńczak, K., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S. A., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M. G., Antón-Fernández, C., Bałazy, R., Peay, K. G., Phillips, O., Neill, D., Cumming, J., Parfenova, E., Piedade, M. T., Piotto, D., Adou Yao, C. Y., Cornejo Valverde, F., Alvarez-Davila, E., Banki, O., Pitman, N. C. A., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Arroyo, L., Kenfack, D., Aymard, G., Poulsen, A. D., Poulsen, J. R., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Barroso, J., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Corral-Rivas, J. J., Rolim, S., Jaroszewicz, B., Condit, R., Alberti, G., Jung, I., Avitabile, V., Roopsind, A., Bastian, M., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M. -J., Djordjevic, I., Crim, P., Schepaschenko, D., Svoboda, M., Killeen, T., and Scherer-Lorenzen, M.
Abstract: The identity of the dominant root-associated microbial symbionts in a forest determines the ability of trees to access limiting nutrients from atmospheric or soil pools 1,2 , sequester carbon 3,4 and withstand the effects of climate change 5,6 . Characterizing the global distribution of these symbioses and identifying the factors that control this distribution are thus integral to understanding the present and future functioning of forest ecosystems. Here we generate a spatially explicit global map of the symbiotic status of forests, using a database of over 1.1 million forest inventory plots that collectively contain over 28,000 tree species. Our analyses indicate that climate variables—in particular, climatically controlled variation in the rate of decomposition—are the primary drivers of the global distribution of major symbioses. We estimate that ectomycorrhizal trees, which represent only 2% of all plant species 7 , constitute approximately 60% of tree stems on Earth. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis dominates forests in which seasonally cold and dry climates inhibit decomposition, and is the predominant form of symbiosis at high latitudes and elevation. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal trees dominate in aseasonal, warm tropical forests, and occur with ectomycorrhizal trees in temperate biomes in which seasonally warm-and-wet climates enhance decomposition. Continental transitions between forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal trees occur relatively abruptly along climate-driven decomposition gradients; these transitions are probably caused by positive feedback effects between plants and microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers—which are insensitive to climatic controls on decomposition (compared with mycorrhizal fungi)—are most abundant in arid biomes with alkaline soils and high maximum temperatures. The climatically driven global symbiosis gradient that we document provides a spatially explicit quantitative understanding of microbial sym, 33Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA. 34Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. 35Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 36Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania. 37Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 38Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Freising, Germany. 39Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK. 40Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. 41German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. 42Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), University of Firenze, Florence, Italy. 43Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. 44Department of Spatial Regulation, GIS and Forest Policy, Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia. 45Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. 46Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia. 47Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. 48Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China. 49Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. 50IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic. 51Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic. 52Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. 53Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Loui
Published: 2019

34. Decadal water balance of a temperate Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.) based on measurements and modelling

Author: Gielen, B., Verbeeck, H., Neirynck, J., Sampson, D. A., Vermeiren, F., and Ivan Janssens
Subjects: lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, B002-biophysics, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology, Environment, Biology
Abstract: We examined the water balance components of an 80-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest stand in the Campine region of Belgium over a ten year period using five very different approaches; our methods ranged from data intensive measurements to process model simulations. Specifically, we used the conservative ion method (CI), the Eddy Covariance technique (EC), an empirical model (WATBAL), and two process models that vary greatly in their temporal and spatial scaling, the ORCHIDEE global land-surface model and SECRETS a stand- to ecosystem-scale biogeochemical process model. Herein we used the EC technique as a standard for the evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. Using and evaluating process based models with data is extremely useful as models are the primary method for integration of small-scale, process level phenomena into comprehensive description of forest stand or ecosystem function. Results demonstrated that the two process models corresponded well to the seasonal patterns and yearly totals of ET from the EC approach. However, both WATBAL and CI approaches overestimated ET when compared to the EC estimates. We found significant relationships between several meteorological variables (i.e., vapour pressure deficit [VPD], mean air temperature [Tair], and global radiation [Rg]) and ET on monthly basis for all approaches. In contrast, few relationships were significant on annual basis. Independent of the method examined, ET exhibited low inter-annual variability. Consequently, drainage fluxes were highly correlated with annual precipitation for all approaches examined, except CI.
Published: 2018

35. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author: Djukic, I, Kepfer-Rojas, S, Schmidt, IK, Larsen, KS, Beier, C, Berg, B, Verheyen, K, Caliman, A, Paquette, A, Gutiérrez-Girón, A, Humber, A, Valdecantos, A, Petraglia, A, Alexander, H, Augustaitis, A, Saillard, A, Fernández, ACR, Sousa, AI, Lillebø, AI, da Rocha Gripp, A, Francez, AJ, Fischer, A, Bohner, A, Malyshev, A, Andrić, A, Smith, A, Stanisci, A, Seres, A, Schmidt, A, Avila, A, Probst, A, Ouin, A, Khuroo, AA, Verstraeten, A, Palabral-Aguilera, AN, Stefanski, A, Gaxiola, A, Muys, B, Bosman, B, Ahrends, B, Parker, B, Sattler, B, Yang, B, Juráni, B, Erschbamer, B, Ortiz, CER, Christiansen, CT, Carol Adair, E, Meredieu, C, Mony, C, Nock, CA, Chen, CL, Wang, CP, Baum, C, Rixen, C, Delire, C, Piscart, C, Andrews, C, Rebmann, C, Branquinho, C, Polyanskaya, D, Delgado, DF, Wundram, D, Radeideh, D, Ordóñez-Regil, E, Crawford, E, Preda, E, Tropina, E, Groner, E, Lucot, E, Hornung, E, Gacia, E, Lévesque, E, Benedito, E, Davydov, EA, Ampoorter, E, Bolzan, FP, Varela, F, Kristöfel, F, Maestre, FT, Maunoury-Danger, F, Hofhansl, F, Kitz, F, Sutter, F, Cuesta, F, de Almeida Lobo, F, de Souza, FL, Berninger, F, Zehetner, F, Wohlfahrt, G, Vourlitis, G, Carreño-Rocabado, G, Arena, G, Pinha, GD, González, G, Canut, G, Lee, H, Verbeeck, H, Auge, H, and Pauli, H
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Abstract: © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from −9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained
Published: 2018

36. A generic pixel-to-point comparison for simulated large-scale ecosystem properties and ground-based observations: an example from the Amazon region

Author: Rammig, A., Heinke, J., Hofhansl, F., Verbeeck, H., Baker, T.R., Christoffersen, B., Ciais, P., De Deurwaerder, H., Fleischer, K., Galbraith, D., Guimberteau, M., Huth, Andreas, Johnson, M., Krujit, B., Langerwisch, F., Meir, P., Papastefanou, P., Sampaio, G., Thonicke, K., von Randow, C., Zang, C., Rödig, Edna, Rammig, A., Heinke, J., Hofhansl, F., Verbeeck, H., Baker, T.R., Christoffersen, B., Ciais, P., De Deurwaerder, H., Fleischer, K., Galbraith, D., Guimberteau, M., Huth, Andreas, Johnson, M., Krujit, B., Langerwisch, F., Meir, P., Papastefanou, P., Sampaio, G., Thonicke, K., von Randow, C., Zang, C., and Rödig, Edna
Abstract: Comparing model output and observed data is an important step for assessing model performance and quality of simulation results. However, such comparisons are often hampered by differences in spatial scales between local point observations and large-scale simulations of grid cells or pixels. In this study, we propose a generic approach for a pixel-to-point comparison and provide statistical measures accounting for the uncertainty resulting from landscape variability and measurement errors in ecosystem variables. The basic concept of our approach is to determine the statistical properties of small-scale (within-pixel) variability and observational errors, and to use this information to correct for their effect when large-scale area averages (pixel) are compared to small-scale point estimates. We demonstrate our approach by comparing simulated values of aboveground biomass, woody productivity (woody net primary productivity, NPP) and residence time of woody biomass from four dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with measured inventory data from permanent plots in the Amazon rainforest, a region with the typical problem of low data availability, potential scale mismatch and thus high model uncertainty. We find that the DGVMs under- and overestimate aboveground biomass by 25 % and up to 60 %, respectively. Our comparison metrics provide a quantitative measure for model–data agreement and show moderate to good agreement with the region-wide spatial biomass pattern detected by plot observations. However, all four DGVMs overestimate woody productivity and underestimate residence time of woody biomass even when accounting for the large uncertainty range of the observational data. This is because DGVMs do not represent the relation between productivity and residence time of woody biomass correctly. Thus, the DGVMs may simulate the correct large-scale patterns of biomass but for the wrong reasons. We conclude that more information about the underlying processes driving bi
Published: 2018

37. Modelling understorey dynamics in temperate forests under global change–Challenges and perspectives

Author: Landuyt, D., Perring, M.P., Seidl, R., Taubert, Franziska, Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Landuyt, D., Perring, M.P., Seidl, R., Taubert, Franziska, Verbeeck, H., and Verheyen, K.
Abstract: The understorey harbours a substantial part of vascular plant diversity in temperate forests and plays an important functional role, affecting ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and overstorey regeneration. Global change, however, is putting these understorey communities on trajectories of change, potentially altering and reducing their functioning in the future. Developing mitigation strategies to safeguard the diversity and functioning of temperate forests in the future is challenging and requires improved predictive capacity. Process-based models that predict understorey community composition over time, based on first principles of ecology, have the potential to guide mitigation endeavours but such approaches are rare. Here, we review fourteen understorey modelling approaches that have been proposed during the last three decades. We evaluate their inclusion of mechanisms that are required to predict the impact of global change on understorey communities. We conclude that none of the currently existing models fully accounts for all processes that we deem important based on empirical and experimental evidence. Based on this review, we contend new models are needed to project the complex impacts of global change on forest understoreys. Plant functional traits should be central to such future model developments, as they drive community assembly processes and provide valuable information on the functioning of the understorey. Given the important role of the overstorey, a coupling of understorey models to overstorey models will be essential to predict the impact of global change on understorey composition and structure, and how it will affect the functioning of temperate forests in the future.
Published: 2018

38. Modelling understorey dynamics in temperate forests under global change–Challenges and perspectives

Author: Landuyt, D., primary, Perring, M.P., additional, Seidl, R., additional, Taubert, F., additional, Verbeeck, H., additional, and Verheyen, K., additional
Published: 2018
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39. Plant measurements on African tropical Maesopsis eminii seedlings contradict pioneering water use behaviour

Author: Epila, J, Maes, WH, Verbeeck, H, Van Camp, J, Okullo, JBL, Steppe, K, Epila, J, Maes, WH, Verbeeck, H, Van Camp, J, Okullo, JBL, and Steppe, K
Abstract: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. With increased drought events affecting forests globally, little is known about their future impact on Africa's forests. In particular, we need to gain a better understanding of how key African forest species will respond to drought stress. In this study, we investigated functional traits and physiological responses to drought of the light-demanding pioneer species Maesopsis eminii Engl. The study involved an experiment on potted M. eminii seedlings with three different drought treatments in which sap flow (SF), stem diameter variation (SDV) and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured. Whereas low gs rates (39 ± 30 mmol m−2 s−1) and pronounced SF-VPD (vapour pressure deficit) and gs-VPD hysteresis loops during well-watered conditions indicated conservative stomatal control on water loss, nocturnal sap flow implied M. eminii is not able to completely block transpiration. At the onset of drought, the pioneer seedlings retained high stem diameter growth despite highly reduced soil moisture (>−0.95 ± 0.03 MPa) and SF rates, indicating that growth was prioritised. Contribution of stored stem water to daily water use was limited both during drought and control conditions, which was confirmed by the absence of time lags between photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)-SDV, PAR-SF and SDV-SF in all treatments. Below a soil water potential of −0.95 ± 0.03 MPa, leaves were gradually shed, but diurnal and nocturnal SF did not turn zero, and absolute stem diameter kept decreasing for the entire experimental period (115 days), portraying that M. eminii seedlings can survive only limited drought periods. In sum, this study demonstrated that species-specific traits, as opposed to species ecological strategy, govern drought performance. For M. eminii, its leaf traits proved pivotal to its drought performance.
Published: 2017

40. An integrated pan-tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets

Author: Avitabile, V, Herold, M, Heuvelink, GBM, Lewis, SL, Phillips, OL, Asner, GP, Armston, J, Ashton, PS, Banin, L, Bayol, N, Berry, NJ, Boeckx, P, de Jong, BHJ, Devries, B, Girardin, CAJ, Kearsley, E, Lindsell, JA, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lucas, R, Malhi, Y, Morel, A, Mitchard, ETA, Nagy, L, Qie, L, Quinones, MJ, Ryan, CM, Ferry, SJW, Sunderland, T, Laurin, GV, Gatti, RC, Valentini, R, Verbeeck, H, Wijaya, A, Willcock, S, Avitabile, V, Herold, M, Heuvelink, GBM, Lewis, SL, Phillips, OL, Asner, GP, Armston, J, Ashton, PS, Banin, L, Bayol, N, Berry, NJ, Boeckx, P, de Jong, BHJ, Devries, B, Girardin, CAJ, Kearsley, E, Lindsell, JA, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lucas, R, Malhi, Y, Morel, A, Mitchard, ETA, Nagy, L, Qie, L, Quinones, MJ, Ryan, CM, Ferry, SJW, Sunderland, T, Laurin, GV, Gatti, RC, Valentini, R, Verbeeck, H, Wijaya, A, and Willcock, S
Abstract: We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change, 2, 2012, 182) into a pan-tropical AGB map at 1-km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high-resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1-km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N-23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9-18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South-East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15-21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha-1 vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha-1 for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy-relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country-specific reference datasets.
Published: 2016

41. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author: Johnson, M O, Galbraith, D, Gloor, E, De Deurwaerder, H, Guimberteau, M, Rammig, A, Thonicke, K, Verbeeck, H, von Randow, C, Monteagudo, A, Phillips, O L, Brienen, R J W, Feldpausch, T R, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Fauset, S, Quesada, C A, Christoffersen, B, Ciais, P, Gilvan, S, Kruijt, B, Meir, P, Moorcroft, P, Zhang, K, Alvarez, E A, Alves de Oliveira, A, Amaral, I, Andrade, A, Aragao, L E O C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E J M M, Arroyo, L, Aymard, G A, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J, Bonal, D, Boot, R, Camargo, J, Chave, J, Cogollo, A, Cornejo, F Valverde, Costa, L da, di Fiore, A, Ferreira, L, Higuchi, N, Honorio, E, Killeen, T J, Laurance, S G, Laurance, W F, Licona, J, Lovejoy, T, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon, B H Junior, Matos, D C L, Mendoza, C, Neill, D A, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pitman, N C A, Poorter, L, Prieto, A, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomao, R P, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Ter Steege, H, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R, Vieira, I, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, Baker, T R, Johnson, M O, Galbraith, D, Gloor, E, De Deurwaerder, H, Guimberteau, M, Rammig, A, Thonicke, K, Verbeeck, H, von Randow, C, Monteagudo, A, Phillips, O L, Brienen, R J W, Feldpausch, T R, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Fauset, S, Quesada, C A, Christoffersen, B, Ciais, P, Gilvan, S, Kruijt, B, Meir, P, Moorcroft, P, Zhang, K, Alvarez, E A, Alves de Oliveira, A, Amaral, I, Andrade, A, Aragao, L E O C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E J M M, Arroyo, L, Aymard, G A, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J, Bonal, D, Boot, R, Camargo, J, Chave, J, Cogollo, A, Cornejo, F Valverde, Costa, L da, di Fiore, A, Ferreira, L, Higuchi, N, Honorio, E, Killeen, T J, Laurance, S G, Laurance, W F, Licona, J, Lovejoy, T, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon, B H Junior, Matos, D C L, Mendoza, C, Neill, D A, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pitman, N C A, Poorter, L, Prieto, A, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomao, R P, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Ter Steege, H, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R, Vieira, I, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, and Baker, T R
Abstract: Understanding the processes that determine aboveground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity (woody NPP) and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size-structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influence AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates, and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP, and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

42. In de mist van het nevelwoud : koolstofopslag, nutriëntendynamiek en functionele diversiteit in de tropische bossen van het Andesgebergte van Ecuador

Author: Bruneel, S., Demol, M., Verbeeck, H., Bauters, M., Bruneel, S., Demol, M., Verbeeck, H., and Bauters, M.
Published: 2016

43. Report on the likely response of the Amazon basin hydrology and river discharge to land use and climate change. EU-AMAZALERT Delivery report 2.4. Grant agreement no:282664

Author: von Randow, C., Biemans, H., Guimberteau, M., Langerwish, F., Garofolo Lopez, L., Poveda, G., Rammig, A., von Randow, R., Rodriguez, D., Mohor, G., Lazaro, J., Thonicke, K., Tomassella, J., and Verbeeck, H.
Subjects: Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Life Science, Earth System Science, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat
Published: 2014

44. Forest resilience and tipping points at different spatio-temporal scales: approaches and challenges

Author: Reyer, C.P.O., Brouwers, N., Rammig, A., Brook, B.W., Epila, J., Grant, R.F., Holmgren, M., Langerwisch, F., Leuzinger, S., Lucht, W., Medlyn, B., Pfeifer, M., Steinkamp, J., Vanderwel, M.C., Verbeeck, H., Villela, D.M., Coomes, D., Reyer, C.P.O., Brouwers, N., Rammig, A., Brook, B.W., Epila, J., Grant, R.F., Holmgren, M., Langerwisch, F., Leuzinger, S., Lucht, W., Medlyn, B., Pfeifer, M., Steinkamp, J., Vanderwel, M.C., Verbeeck, H., Villela, D.M., and Coomes, D.
Published: 2015

45. Report on 4 focus areas of improvement in models. Modelling Amazonian carbon budgets and vegetation dynamics. EU-AMAZALERT Delivery report 2.3. Grant agreement no:282664

Author: Kruijt, B., Meir, P., Johnston, M., Rammig, A., Fauser, S., Baker, T., Galbraith, D., von Randow, C., and Verbeeck, H.
Subjects: Climate Resilience, InformationSystems_GENERAL, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, Klimaatbestendigheid, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, Life Science, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth System Science, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat
Published: 2013

46. A model-data comparison of gross primary productivity: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis

Author: Anderson, R., Poulter, B., Matamala, R., Lokipitiya, E., Chen, J.M., Verbeeck, H., Davis, K.J., Weng, E., Curtis, P.S., Tonitto, C., Munger, J.W., Ricciuto, D., Chen, J., Gu, L., Humphreys, E., Desai, A.R., Price, D.T., Raczka, B.M., Zhou, X., Peng, C., Torn, M., Hollinger, D.Y., Riley, W.J., Roulet, N., Black, A., Bolstad, P., Baker, I., Thornton, P., Monson, R., Jain, A., Law, B., Gough, C., Margolis, H.A., Dimitrov, D., Grant, R.F., Liu, S., McCaughey, J.H., Hilton, T.W., Sahoo, A., Dietze, M., Schaefer, K., Williams, C., Dragoni, D., Tian, H., Vargas, R., Schwalm, C.R., Richardson, A.D., Oechel, W., Kucharik, C., Barr, A., and Altaf Arain, M.
Published: 2012
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47. Characterizing the performance of ecosystem models across time scales: A spectral analysis of the North American Carbon Program site-level synthesis

Author: Black, T.A., Izaurralde, R.C., Lokupitiya, E., Munger, J.W., Schaefer, K., Weng, E., Richardson, A.D., Altaf Arain, M., Luo, Y., Ciais, P., Ricciuto, D.M., Stoy, P.C., Dietze, M.C., Poulter, B., Barr, A.G., Liu, S., Hollinger, D., Tian, H., Suyker, A.E., Verbeeck, H., Price, D.T., Grant, R.F., Peng, C., Baker, I.T., Vargas, R., Anderson, R.S., Tonitto, C., Sahoo, A.K., Chen, J.M., Flanagan, L.B., Riley, W.J., Wang, W., Lafleur, P., Gough, C.M., Verma, S.B., and Kucharik, C.J.
Published: 2011
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48. Improving the ISBA<sub>CC</sub> land surface model simulation of water and carbon fluxes and stocks over the Amazon forest

Author: Joetzjer, E., primary, Delire, C., additional, Douville, H., additional, Ciais, P., additional, Decharme, B., additional, Carrer, D., additional, Verbeeck, H., additional, De Weirdt, M., additional, and Bonal, D., additional
Published: 2015
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49. A model - data intercomparison of CO2 exchange across North America: Results from the North American Carbon Program site synthesis

Author: McCaughey, H., Sahoo, A. K., Riley, W., Lokupitiya, E., Price, D. T., Riciutto, D. M., Ciais, P., Dietze, M., Sprintsin, M., Liu, S. G., Chen, J. M., Barr, A., Law, B. E., Schwalm, C. R., Tian, H. Q., Oechel, W. C., Williams, C. A., Davis, K. J., Verma, S. B., Luo, Y. Q., Verbeeck, H., Tonitto, C., Dragoni, D., Peng, C. H., Margolis, H., Gu, L. H., Li, Z. P., Ma, S. Y., Matamala, R., Grant, R., Desai, A., Anderson, R., Hollinger, D., Flanagan, L. B., Fischer, M. L., Poulter, B., Li, L. H., Baker, I., Sun, J. E., Monson, R. K., Schaefer, K., Chen, G. S., Lafleur, P., Kucharik, C., Black, T.A., Izaurralde, R. C., and Arain, M. A.
Published: 2010
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50. Carbon cycle uncertainty in the Alaskan Arctic

Author: Fisher, J.B., Sikka, M., Oechel, W.C., Huntzinger, D.N., Melton, J.R., Koven, C.D., Ahlstrom, A., Arain, M.A., Baker, I., Chen, J.M., Ciais, P., Davidson, C., Dietze, M., El-Masri, B., Hayes, D., Huntingford, C., Jain, A.K., Levy, P., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Price, D., Sahoo, A.K., Schaefer, K., Tian, H., Tomolleri, E., Verbeeck, H., Viovy, N., Wania, R., Zeng, N., Miller, C.E., Fisher, J.B., Sikka, M., Oechel, W.C., Huntzinger, D.N., Melton, J.R., Koven, C.D., Ahlstrom, A., Arain, M.A., Baker, I., Chen, J.M., Ciais, P., Davidson, C., Dietze, M., El-Masri, B., Hayes, D., Huntingford, C., Jain, A.K., Levy, P., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Price, D., Sahoo, A.K., Schaefer, K., Tian, H., Tomolleri, E., Verbeeck, H., Viovy, N., Wania, R., Zeng, N., and Miller, C.E.
Abstract: Climate change is leading to a disproportionately large warming in the high northern latitudes, but the magnitude and sign of the future carbon balance of the Arctic are highly uncertain. Using 40 terrestrial biosphere models for the Alaskan Arctic from four recent model intercomparison projects – NACP (North American Carbon Program) site and regional syntheses, TRENDY (Trends in net land atmosphere carbon exchanges), and WETCHIMP (Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project) – we provide a baseline of terrestrial carbon cycle uncertainty, defined as the multi-model standard deviation (o) for each quantity that follows. Mean annual absolute uncertainty was largest for soil carbon (14.0±9.2 kgCm−2), then gross primary production (GPP) (0.22±0.50 kgCm−2 yr−1), ecosystem respiration (Re) (0.23±0.38 kgCm−2 yr−1), net primary production (NPP) (0.14±0.33 kgCm−2 yr−1), autotrophic respiration (Ra) (0.09±0.20 kgCm−2 yr−1), heterotrophic respiration (Rh) (0.14±0.20 kgCm−2 yr−1), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (−0.01±0.19 kgCm−2 yr−1), and CH4 flux (2.52±4.02 g CH4 m−2 yr−1). There were no consistent spatial patterns in the larger Alaskan Arctic and boreal regional carbon stocks and fluxes, with some models showing NEE for Alaska as a strong carbon sink, others as a strong carbon source, while still others as carbon neutral. Finally, AmeriFlux data are used at two sites in the Alaskan Arctic to evaluate the regional patterns; observed seasonal NEE was captured within multi-model uncertainty. This assessment of carbon cycle uncertainties may be used as a baseline for the improvement of experimental and modeling activities, as well as a reference for future trajectories in carbon cycling with climate change in the Alaskan Arctic and larger boreal region.
Published: 2014

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