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The paper presents studies of the color separation system based on the developed color triangle for conducting scientific research in microscopy which will allow identifying genetic or chemical deviations of the samples under study by an accurate change in color. The color triangle covers the entire visible range and is focused on the physiological RGB and XYZ colorimetric systems. Based on the method of converting color spaces, the addition curves of the developed systems were found. Based on the curves, sets of color separating light filters were selected to fit the shapes of these curves based on the selected monochrome camera. Three sets are presented. An analytical study of these sets was carried out and one optimal set was selected. An analytical study of this system is presented in the form of mathematical modeling with 14 control colors from the Munsell atlas. The selected set of the system was experimentally studied on the developed optoelectronic setup placed in a black box to exclude light and color flare. One important part of the setup is the reflective screen: the location follows the lighting/observation recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination for colorimetric measurement of samples. For an objective analysis of measurements, reference test objects were selected — standardized colored optical glasses. The study was based on the evaluation of glass groups: yellow, yellow-green, green, blue-green, since the work has expanded the color space in the direction of the selected colors to obtain color accuracy. Previously, the author, in an analytical study of modern color separation systems, obtained results where the best value was found with a wide color triangle of 0.009, the worst 0.04 — with a small one. Thus, it has been proven: the larger the coverage of the color triangle, the smaller the change in color. The obtained values of the developed KZS system are better than modern ones –0.0088 on average. During the mathematical modeling of the experiment, the change in color was obtained 0.016 on average, the practical result — 0.027 on average. The obtained parameters and characteristics will be taken into account when introducing the developed color separation system into a monochrome digital microscope to improve color rendering in microscopy.

A study is presented in the field of development and creation of modernized multi-layer color separation multispectral systems with increased color resolution. The types of structures of the developed patterns of matrix photodetectors based on multilayer silicon with working layers for use in the blue, green, red and infrared spectral ranges are considered. A method for calculating silicon layers in the form of optical films with specified characteristics is proposed. The silicon layers act as both a sensing element and a specific wavelength filter to highlight the blue, green, red and infrared ranges of the spectrum. The reflection and transmission coefficients were calculated for the selected wavelengths at various angles of incidence on the sensor. The Brewster angle for these wavelengths is also calculated. The possible presence of a microlens sensor surface is taken into account. Calculations are presented for cells with four-layer and two-layer structures for various combinations of layers. The dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients for two-layer and four-layer structures of semiconductor sensors for p- and s-polarization, also for unpolarized light, are obtained. It is shown that the combination of layers in the red and infrared ranges of the spectra has the minimum reflection coefficient and the maximum transmission coefficient. The results obtained can be used in the development of multilayer multispectral systems with registration of infrared radiation. As a result, it is possible to use a pair of red and infrared spectra as the basis of a matrix photodetector pattern, and layers of blue and green spectra as auxiliary ones for building a full-color image.

The paper investigates the frequency characteristics of the spectra of a human eye and a faceted diamond (brilliant). The nrelevance of the research deals with a large number of modern studies on the use of diamond as a lens of the eye. The results obtained were compared with the averaged data (described in the literature) on the visibility curve of day, evening and night vision of the human eye. The research method is based on the representation of the optical environment of the human eye and diamond in the form of a dynamic link with an input and output. The Gaussian function is used to approximate the spectral curves. The study of the inertial properties of such a link in the time domain is performed by feeding signals to its input in the form of a δ-function or a unit function. The steady-state forced oscillations at the output of the investigated dynamic link are found when a harmonic action is applied to the input. Frequency characteristics discover a relationship between the spectra of the input and output signals, representing the direct Fourier transform of the function of time. It was found that the spectra of the visibility of the human eye and the luminescent radiation of diamond have the properties of ultra-wideband signals. It is shown that the amplification of light takes place in the time domain when the width of the spectrum at its half-maximum does not exceed a certain critical value. This phenomenon also manifests itself in the frequency domain. It was revealed that the dynamic links of diamond and human eyes for day and night vision exhibit amplifying properties. Their comparison in terms of the light amplification factor showed their insignificant difference. The results obtained can find application in the creation of matrix photodetectors and as a standard in identifying a faceted diamond (brilliant) of unknown origin and producing a lens from a diamond.

The paper proposes a method for studying the color rendition of digital cameras. This parameter is conventionally assessed visually by color targets in photography and design. The proposed method compares the chromaticity values of standard test objects with their measured values on a digital camera using special setup features. The setup includes a light source, a collimator for uniform illumination of a reflecting screen with a test object, and a research object, i.e., a digital camera. The camera is positioned at a 45 degree angle to the screen. This setup follows the recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) for color measurements. To measure the colorimetric characteristics of the samples, the authors adopted the 0/45 illumination / observation scheme. The test object is illuminated with a light beam, the axis of which makes an angle not exceeding 10° from the normal to the sample surface. The sample is observed at an angle of 45° ± 5° from to the normal. The angle between the axis of the illuminating beam and any of its rays does not exceed 5°. A type A source (color temperature 2856 K) acts as an illuminator. Standardized reference sets of colored optical glasses (light filters) characterized by known chromaticity coordinates were chosen as test objects. To evaluate the results, specialized software has been developed that allows one to select individual pixels, calculate their brightness in order to find the chromaticity coordinates and compare the results with reference values. The method was tested using the Canon EOS 60D digital camera. At the time of measurement, digital filters for correction, anti-aliasing, sharpening, as well as color adjustment were turned off in the camera. The paper presents colorimetric measurements using 58 colored optical glasses. The averaged values fall into seven groups. The selected color space for measurements is sRGB. The measurement results proved the possibility of using the proposed technique for analysing and choosing appropriate digital recording devices for colorimetric measurements in such areas as medicine, chemistry and food industry.