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The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the Feeding/Swallowing Impact Survey (FS-IS) into Brazilian Portuguese and provide a validated instrument for caregivers of children with feeding/swallowing disorders. This cross-cultural study involved initial translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, Committee of Experts, and pre-test. The sample consisted of 95 primary caregivers of children with feeding/swallowing disorders classified by Pediatric Dysphagia Evaluation Protocol (PDEP) in mild (n = 9), moderate-severe (n = 40), or profound (n = 46) dysphagia. Reliability and evidence of validity based on test content, response processes, internal structure and the relations to other variables were investigated. Internal consistency, test-retest, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed, in addition to the correlation with PedsQL™ Family Impact Module (PedsQLTMFIM). The pre-test participants did not report any difficulties in understanding the translated version. The Brazilian Portuguese version of FS-IS (Pt-Br-FS-IS) presented Cronbach's Alpha of 0.83, Exploratory Factor Analysis verified that the instrument would not be unifactorial (KMO = 0.74 and Bartlett's sphericity test p

Background: Childhood obesity has been growing steadily, at an earlier age, and currently comprises a public health issue. A number of studies have pointed to perinatal factors as possible determinants in the development of childhood obesity. Objective: To evaluate the influence of perinatal factors on the development of obesity in children and adolescents in southern Brazil. Design: Retrospective cohort study in which a linkage was made between anthropometric data of children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years who had been registered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2008 to 2016 and their perinatal data registered in the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) from 2000 to 2014. The SINASC was used to extract maternal covariables (age, schooling, marital status), prenatal variables (parity and number of prenatal visits), and perinatal variables (type of delivery, sex, and birth weight). Variables such as age, inclusion in the Bolsa Família income transfer program, and the number of anthropometric evaluations were extracted from SISVAN. Results: The sample comprised 537 children and adolescents. The median age was 8 years (interquartile range: 2-11 years). The prevalence of obesity was 15.1%. Poisson regression revealed a higher risk of obesity in children born via cesarean delivery (relative risk [RR] = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.17), children of primiparous mothers (RR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.16-2.53), girls (RR = 1.77; 95% CI:1.21-2.60), and those aged between 5 and 9 years (RR = 26.8; 95% CI: 3.75-191.55) and older than 10 years (RR = 20.74; 95% CI: 2.89-148.61). Conclusions: The linkage between SINASC and SISVAN allowed identification of prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of childhood obesity. These findings should contribute to the development of health promotion and prevention policies.

Background Evidences suggest that early processed food (PF) consumption may cause harm to infant health. During the first 6 months of life, it is not known whether the timing and quantity of this food group can impact breastfeeding and growth. The aim of the study was to analyze the associations between time of introduction and quantity of infant PF consumption with duration of breastfeeding and infant growth at 6 months of age. Methods Data were longitudinally collected in six interviews, from birth to 6 months, in a sample of Brazilian newborns with adverse intrauterine environments. PF consumption was calculated by gravity score of processed foods (GSPF) in relation to feeding supply quality and time. For the analysis, the scores were divided into tertiles, making scores severities: Null, Mild, Moderate, and Severe. The interaction between GSPF and breastfeeding (exclusive and non-exclusive) and growth parameters (analyzed in Z-scores, by weight for height, weight for age, and body mass index for age) was tested. Results A total of 236 infants were included in the study. Greater GSPF were associated with better rates of breastfeeding practices and higher growth indicators scores in the sixth month of infants. These findings were confirmed after adjustment for family income, maternal age, pre-gestational body mass index, and growth z scores at birth. Conclusion The harms of eating PF in relation to breastfeeding and infant growth are more evident the greater and earlier they are consumed. Future studies should explore interventions to reduce and delay the consumption of these foods to prevent adverse health outcomes in later life.

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic brought changes in work organization in all spheres, requiring the restructuring of routines and teams to meet this new demand. The aim of study was to report the experience of the Nutrition and Dietetics Department (NDD) of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and the changes that occurred during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an experience report of the performance of HCPA NDD from April 2020 to March 2021. Results: There was an increase in absenteeism in the NDD, requiring processadjustments and relocations. There was also an increase in enteral nutrition delivery due to the severity of the clinical condition of hospitalized patients, a reduction in the capacity of employees’ cafeteria to meet distancing protocols, and a need to use disposable utensils, deliver motivational messages to patients, make adjustmentsto the human milk bank process, and implement changes in nutritional assessment protocols for inpatients and remote outpatient care. Conclusion: This experience provided the NDD with a great legacy of learning and overcoming by requiring the NDD to adapt while maintaining quality service and strengthening teamwork relationships., Introdução: A pandemia de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) trouxe mudanças nas organizações de trabalho em todas as esferas, exigindo a reestruturação das rotinase das equipes para atender essa nova demanda. O objetivo foi relatar a experiência do Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética (SND) do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre(HCPA) e as mudanças vivenciadas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia de COVID-19.Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência referente à atuação do SND do HCPA de abril de 2020 a março de 2021.Resultados: Houve aumento do absenteísmo no SND, necessitando ajustes de processos e remanejos. Também houve aumento do consumo de dietas enterais pelagravidade da situação clínica dos pacientes internados, a redução da capacidade do refeitório de funcionários para seguir os protocolos de distanciamento, o uso deutensílios descartáveis, mensagens motivacionais aos pacientes, ajustes no processo do banco de leite humano, modificações nos protocolos de avaliação nutricional ao paciente internado e atendimento ambulatorial remoto.Conclusão: Esta experiência proporcionou ao SND um grande legado de aprendizagem e superação, exigindo importantes adaptações, mantendo a qualidade do atendimento e fortalecendo as relações de trabalho em equipe.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a associação entre fatores maternos e antropométricos e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças de 4 a 24 meses de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 300 crianças internadas em um hospital terciário e suas mães. A entrevista deu-se nas primeiras 72 horas de internação para evitar interferência nas respostas sobre a alimentação da criança. Os fatores maternos investigados foram: idade, escolaridade, renda, paridade, IMC e orientação sobre alimentação complementar. As variáveis referentes às crianças investigadas foram: idade, aleitamento materno, escola infantil, IMC/idade, estatura/idade, peso/idade e introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados. A associação entre os fatores estudados e a introdução de alimentos ultraprocessados foi testada por regressão linear. O nível de significância considerado foi de 0.05. Verificou-se que apenas 21% das crianças ainda não haviam recebido nenhum tipo de alimento ultraprocessado, sendo que 56.5% recebeu algum destes alimentos antes dos seis meses. Na análise multivariada, escolaridade materna, renda familiar, idade materna e paridade foram associadas à oferta de alimentos ultraprocessados. As práticas alimentares de crianças entre 4 e 24 meses estão inadequadas frente às recomendações para a faixa etária. Abstract Objective To verify the association of maternal and anthropometric factors with consumption of ultra-processed foods in children between 4 to 24 months. Methods cross-sectional study with 300 children hospitalized in a tertiary hospital and their mothers. The interview took place during the first 72 hours of hospitalization to avoid interference in the responses about the child’s diet. Maternal factors investigated: age, schooling, income, parity, BMI and guidance on complementary feeding. Variables related to the child investigated: age, breastfeeding, infant school, BMI/age, height/age, weight/age and introduction of ultra-processed food. The association between the factors studied and introduction of ultra-processed food was tested by linear regression. The significance level considered was 0.05. Results . It was verified that only 21% of the children had not yet received any type of ultra-processed food, and 56.5% received any of these foods before 6 months. In the multivariate analysis, maternal schooling, family income, maternal age and parity were associated with ultra-processed food supply. Conclusions The feeding practices of children between 4 and 24 months are inadequate when compared to the recommendations for the age group.

Objetivo: Analisar as situações de risco notificadas para o serviço de nutrição em um hospital público do sul do Brasil. Método: Estudo retrospectivo das situações de risco, de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Segurança do Paciente (CISP), registradas no ano de 2017 no sistema de notificações do hospital. As análises foram realizadas no programa estatístico SPSS versão 21.0. Resultados: Das 172 notificações, 70,3% envolveram pacientes adultos. A maioria aconteceu em dias úteis (84,9%); no turno da manhã (39,5%). Foram mais frequentes os incidentes (62,2%) que causaram danos leves (68,6%). As principais dietas envolvidas nas notificações foram as normais (33,1%), enterais (15,1%) e para Diabetes Mellitus (9,9%). As principais causas de notificação foram atribuídas a falhas no cumprimento das rotinas (61,6%), envolvendo atraso na entrega das refeições (15,1%) e falha de comunicação (13,9%). Conclusão: Verificou-se um grande número de situações de risco, ocorrendo nos momentos e tipos de dietas mais frequentes na realidade hospitalar, sinalizando a necessidade de melhoria na cultura de segurança do paciente, visando a aperfeiçoar a qualidade da assistência nutricional hospitalar.

Objectives: to evaluate the association between dietary intake during pregnancy and different gestational clinical conditions (hypertensive, diabetics, smokers, having intrauterine growth restriction and a control group) and associated factors. Methods: cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study from 2011 to 2016 that occurred in three hospitals in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Sociodemographic conditions and prenatal were investigated and maternal feeding practices were analyzed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. To calculate the caloric percentage from food groups, food items were categorized into:unprocessed or minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed foods. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc compared food consumption between the groups and the Poisson regression evaluated the association between the variables. Results: there was no statistical difference in food intake among 303 mothers of different gestational clinical conditions, but diabetic pregnant women had lower caloric contribution value of ultra-processed foods. In addition, pregnant women from all groups showed adequate consumption in relation to the percentage of caloric contribution of macronutrients in the total energy value. Conclusions: there was no difference in energy consumption according to different gestational clinical conditions.In diabetic, smokers and hypertensive pregnant women, associations between total energy intake and different sociodemographic factors were observed between the groups. Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o consumo alimentar gestacional com diferentes condições clínicas das gestantes (hipertensão, diabete, tabagismo, restrição de crescimento intrauterino e um grupo controle) e os demais fatores associados. Métodos: pesquisa transversal aninhada em estudo de coorte realizado de 2011 a2016 em três hospitais de Porto Alegre (Brasil). Foram analisadas, por um questionário estruturado, as condições sociodemográficas e o pré-natal; e práticas alimentares gestacionais pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA). Para o cálculo do percentual calórico referente ao processamento, os itens alimentares foram categorizados em: in natura ou minimamente processados, processados e ultraprocessados. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Dunn comparou o consumo alimentar entre os grupos e a regressão de Poisson, a associação entre as variáveis. Resultados: não houve diferença de consumo calórico entre as 303 mães dos diferentes grupos pesquisados, porém as gestantes diabéticas apresentaram menor valor de contribuição vinda dos alimentos ultraprocessados. Além disso, as gestantes de todos os grupos apresentaram consumo adequado em relação ao percentual de contribuição calórica de macronutrientes no valor energético total. Conclusões: não foi encontrada associação entre consumo alimentar e diferentes condições clínicas gestacionais. Nas gestantes diabéticas, tabagistas e hipertensas foram observadas associações da ingestão energética total com diferentes fatores sociodemográficos entre os grupos.

Objectives: To transculturally adapt and validate the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale to the Brazilian Portuguese language and culture and verify the combination of the results with the maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: This is a validation and transcultural adaptation nestled in a longitudinal and observational study in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, assessing mother-infant pairs from different gestational and perinatal environments. The original authors authorized the translation into Brazilian Portuguese, unified version creation, back-translation, analysis by specialists, final version implementation, and acceptance. Cronbach's alpha analysis was performed. The Kruskal–Wallis test with post-hoc Dunn's test was used to compare the study groups. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obtained through a questionnaire in the first 24-48 h of the newborns’ life, were associated with maternal results by the Brazilian version of the scale, using Spearman's correlation and Mann–Whitney's test. Results: The sample consisted of 251 postpartum women, with the confidence maternal questionnaire being applied at 15 days postpartum. The median score of the mothers’ confidence was 40.00 (37.00–43.00). The protocol obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.717. There were significant weak positive correlations between maternal confidence and age (p = 0.013, r = 0.157) and between maternal confidence and schooling (p = 0.048, r = 0.125). Additionally, a significant association was observed between maternal confidence and parity (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The transcultural adaptation and validation of the confidence maternal questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese language and culture showed good reliability for this sample. The results of its use demonstrated that maternal confidence was associated with schooling, age and parity. Resumo: Objetivos: Adaptar transculturalmente e validar a ferramenta Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale para a língua portuguesa e cultura brasileira além de verificar a associação de seus resultados com as características sociodemográficas maternas. Metodologia: Trata-se da validação e adaptação transcultural aninhada a estudo observacional longitudinal realizado em Porto Alegre (RS), contendo puérperas com diferentes condições gestacionais e perinatais. Os processos ocorreram mediante autorização dos autores originais da escala Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale para a tradução para o português brasileiro, montagem de versão unificada, retradução, análise por experts, aplicação da versão final e validação. Realizou-se a análise Alpha de Cronbach. Para a comparabilidade entre os grupos do estudo utilizou-se o teste Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc de Dunn. As características socioeconômicas e demográficas das puérperas, obtidas através de questionário estruturado nas 24-48 h pós-parto, foram relacionadas com a confiança materna obtida através da aplicação da escala, utilizando-se a correlação de Spearman e o teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 251 puérperas, com a aplicação do questionário sobre confiança materna aos 15 dias pós-parto. A mediana da pontuação de confiança materna foi 40,00 [37,00-43,00]. O protocolo obteve valor de Alpha de Cronbach de 0,717. Houve correlações fracas significativas positivas entre confiança e idade materna (p = 0,013; r = 0,157) e entre confiança e escolaridade materna (p = 0,048; r = 0,125). Além disso, houve associação significativa entre a confiança materna e a paridade (p = 0,030). Conclusão: A adaptação transcultural e validação da ferramenta sobre a confiança materna para o português brasileiro mostrou boa confiabilidade. Os resultados de sua aplicação demonstraram que a confiança materna esteve associada à escolaridade, à idade e à paridade. Keywords: Validation studies, Confidence, Postpartum period, Mother–child relations, Palavras-chave: Estudos de validação, Confiança, Período pós-parto, Relações mãe-criança

Objective To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) in adolescents and to evaluate its association with risk factors for, and the occurrence of, adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Results Of 3006 deliveries, 533 (17.7%) were from teenage mothers, with twenty-eight (5.3%) presenting PE; 17.8% of these cases were classed as severe. Vitamin and mineral supplementation was associated with the occurrence of PE ( p = 0.034). Puerperal complications and prematurity were more frequent in the PE group. Conclusions Prevalence of PE among adolescents was similar to the literature data and was associated with high rates of preterm birth and puerperal complications.

Introdução: A associação entre depressão e fatores de risco cardiovascular é recorrente. O aumento de risco em deprimidos está relacionado à fatores como obesidade, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, alcoolismo e tabagismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presença de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes com quadro de depressão internados em um hospital do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu adultos de ambos os sexos internados por episódio depressivo. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelas medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. Um questionário foi aplicado englobando perfil sociodemográfico, histórico familiar de doenças, consumo de produtos de tabaco e de álcool, atividade física, além do questionário autoaplicável para medida da severidade da depressão. Para avaliação do risco cardiovascular global, foi calculado o escore de Framingham. Os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson (χ2 ) ou exato de Fisher foram utilizados para testar a associação entre as variáveis categóricas, considerando o nível de significância quando p ≤ 0,05 e IC95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 54 indivíduos, predominantemente mulheres (n = 32), com idade média de 40,2 ± 10,8 anos. A depressão foi classificada como grave na maioria dos pacientes (n = 29). Fatores de risco relacionados ao nível de atividade física (sedentarismo), dislipidemia e estado nutricional (sobrepeso e obesidade) estiveram presentes em 81,5%, 73,1% e 66,7% da amostra, respectivamente. Percentual de risco obtido por meio do escore de Framingham foi encontrado acima do normal em 42,9% dos indivíduos. Depressão leve associou-se positivamente aos pacientes com magreza/eutrofia e, ao serem estratificados como severos e não-severos, o primeiro grupo teve associação positiva com histórico familiar de excesso de peso e hipertensão. Conclusões: Diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular foram encontrados, alertando para a importância do cuidado integral da saúde do paciente e avaliação destes indicadores. Introduction: The association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors is recurrent. Increased risk of depression is related to factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, alcoholism, and smoking. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with depression admitted to a hospital in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving adults of both sexes hospitalized for a depressive episode. Nutritional status was assessed by the anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. A questionnaire was applied covering sociodemographic data, family history of diseases, consumption of tobacco and alcohol products, and physical activity, in addition to a self-administered questionnaire to measure the severity of depression. The Framingham risk score was calculated for global cardiovascular risk evaluation. Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2 ) or Fisher’s exact Test were used to test the association between categorical variables, considering the level of significance at p ≤ 0.05 and 95% CI. Results: Fifty-four individuals were evaluated, most were women (n = 32), with a mean age of 40.2 ± 10.8 years were evaluated. Depression was classified as severe in most patients (n = 29). Risk factors related to the physical activity level (sedentary lifestyle), dyslipidemia and nutritional status (overweight and obesity) were present in 81.5%, 73.1% and 66.7% of the sample, respectively. Percentage of risk obtained by the Framingham risk score was found above normal in 42.9% of the individuals. Mild depression was positively associated with thin/eutrophic patients and, when stratified as severe and non-severe, the first group had a positive association with family history of overweight and hypertension. Conclusions: Several cardiovascular risk factors were found, alerting to the importance of integral health care for patients and evaluation of these indicators.

To verify the association between the feeding of infants under 180 days of age beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and the occurrence of wheezing. Cross-sectional research. The population consisted of children younger than 180 days, attended in 11 units of the Family Health Strategies (ESF), in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection was obtained at the time of the mandatory annual weighings of the PBF. A standardized questionnaire was used and the Food Consumption Markers and the Written Questionnaire - International Study of Wheezing in Infants (QE-EILS) were included. For data analysis, the chi-square test and the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. The level of significance adopted was 5%. A total of 47 infants were evaluated with a mean age of 123.49 ± 55.54 days, 24 (51.1%) of whom were male. As for the QE-EILS, 26 (55.3%) infants have family members with asthma and 23 (48.9%) had wheezing in the last six months. There was a statistically significant association between wheezing in the last six months and consumption of breast milk (PR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.32-0.63), (p = 0.021), fruit juice (PR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.14-2.99), (p = 0.039), fruit (RP 2.08; 95% CI: 1.29-3.36), (p = 0.010) and salt food (RP 1 , 96; 95% CI: 1.21-3.16), (p = 0.020). Children who did not receive breast milk, and those who received fruits, salt food, cow's milk, juice and water in the first 180 days of life had a higher prevalence of wheezing and other respiratory symptoms, which is why it is important to encourage recommendations adequate food and nutrition in childhood. Verificar la asociación entre la alimentación de lactantes menores de 180 días de edad, beneficiarios del Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) y la aparición de sibilancias. Investigación transversal. La población estaba compuesta por niños menores de 180 días, atendidos en 11 unidades de las Estrategias de Salud Familiar (ESF), en la ciudad de Santa María, Rio Grande do Sul. La recolección de datos se obtuvo en el momento de las ponderaciones anuales obligatorias del PBF. Se utilizó un cuestionario estandarizado y se incluyeron los Marcadores de consumo de alimentos y el Cuestionario escrito: Estudio internacional de sibilancias en lactantes (QE-EILS). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizaron la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la razón de prevalencia (RP) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. El nivel de significación adoptado fue del 5%. Se evaluaron 47 neonatos, con una edad promedio de 123.49 ± 55.54 días, 24 (51.1%) de los cuales eran varones. En cuanto a los QE-EILS, 26 (55.3%) bebés tienen familiares con asma y 23 (48.9%) tuvieron sibilancias en los últimos seis meses. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las sibilancias en los últimos seis meses y el consumo de leche materna (PR 0.45; IC 95%: 0.32-0.63), (p = 0.021), jugo de fruta (PR 1.85; IC 95%: 1.14-2.99), (p = 0.039), fruta (RP 2.08; IC 95%: 1.29-3.36), (p = 0.010) y alimentos salados (RP 1 , 96; IC 95%: 1.21-3.16), (p = 0.020). Los niños que no recibieron leche materna y los que recibieron frutas, alimentos salados, leche de vaca, jugo y agua en los primeros 180 días de vida tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de sibilancias y otros síntomas respiratorios, por lo que es importante alentar recomendaciones Alimentación y nutrición adecuadas en la infancia. Verificar a associação entre a alimentação de lactentes menores de 180 dias, beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e a ocorrência de sibilância. Pesquisa de delineamento transversal. A população foi constituída por crianças menores de 180 dias, atendidas em 11 unidades de Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF), da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi obtida no momento das pesagens anuais obrigatórias do PBF. Utilizou-se um questionário padronizado e incluíram-se os Marcadores de Consumo Alimentar e o Questionário Escrito - Estudo Internacional de Sibilância em Lactentes (QE-EILS). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a razão de prevalência (RP) com intervalo de confiança de (IC) 95%. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Foram avaliados 47 lactentes, com idade média de 123,49±55,54 dias, sendo 24(51,1%) do sexo masculino. Quanto ao QE-EILS, 26(55,3%) lactentes têm familiares com asma e 23(48,9%) apresentaram sibilância nos últimos seis meses. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a sibilância nos últimos seis meses e o consumo de leite materno (RP 0,45; IC95%: 0,32-0,63), (p=0,021), suco de frutas (RP 1,85; IC95%: 1,14-2,99), (p=0,039), frutas (RP 2,08; IC95%: 1,29-3,36), (p=0,010) e de comida de sal (RP 1,96; IC95%: 1,21-3,16), (p=0,020). Crianças que não recebiam leite materno, e as que receberam frutas, comida de sal, leite de vaca, suco e água nos primeiros 180 dias de vida apresentaram maior prevalência de sibilância e outros sintomas respiratórios, motivo pelo qual é importante fomentar as recomendações de alimentação e nutrição adequadas na infância.

Introduction: Adolescence and pregnancy increase nutritional needs. Pregnant adolescents have higher energy requirements to maintain maternal health and ensure adequate fetal growth and development. Aim: Identify patterns of diet consumption among Pregnant adolescents. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between November 2014 and July 2016 among teenage mothers. Food intake was analyzed using asemiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We identified the food patterns as a posteriori using cluster analysis. Results: 294 adolescents participated in the study. The mean age was 17.83 ± 1.29 years. Sixty-five percent of participants self-declared as Caucasian and 83.3% were primiparous. Pregestational BMI was 23.71 ± 5.04 kg/m2 , and 42.9% of the sample showed excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Two food patterns were identified, labeled as Traditional Diet and Junk Food. The Traditional Diet was characterized by a higher intake of protein (p = 0.03), magnesium, folate, iron (p ≤ 0.0001), and potassium (p = 0.005). In comparison, the Junk Food pattern had a higher intake of total fat (p ≤ 0.0001). We did not find significant associations between eating patterns and sociodemographic variables or pre-gestational BMI. Conclusion: The study confirmed that pregnant teenagers tend to adopt the food pattern Junk Food, regardless of sociodemographic aspects.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between pregestational obesity and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among puerperal teenagers of a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Structured questionnaires on sociodemographic and obstetric data were applied. Results: We evaluated 500 puerperal adolescents with a mean age of 17.77 ± 1.36. Of these, 31.2% (n=156) had pregestational weight excess. Pregestational weight excess was significantly associated with gestational hypertension (p=0.037) and diabetes (p=0.045), cesarean delivery (p=0.040), and lower adherence to prenatal care (24.7%, p=0.007). Mothers with pregestational weight excess also gained more weight than recommended during pregnancy and had babies with a higher weight (p=0.02) and length (p=0.018). Conclusion: Pregestational weight excess in adolescence is related to unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. We emphasize the importance of a closer look at this population still in development to identify nutritional disbalances and promote adequate weight gain.

Background Several studies have shown that exposure of the fetus and newborn to prenatal and perinatal events, respectively, may influence the health outcomes of the child throughout their life cycle. Objective This study aimed to increase the knowledge on the impact of different intrauterine environments on child growth and development, as we know that pregnancy and early years are a window of opportunity for health promotion and prevention interventions of diseases. Methods The recruitment occurred 24 to 48 hours after delivery and involved mothers and their newborns in 2 public hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from December 2011 to January 2016. The mothers-newborns dyads were allocated to 5 groups: diabetes mellitus, mothers with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes; systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), mothers with a clinical diagnosis of systematic arterial hypertensive disease during pregnancy; maternal smoking, mothers who smoked at any moment of gestation; small for gestational age (SGA), mothers with SGA newborns because of intrauterine growth restriction; and control, mothers without the clinical characteristics previously mentioned. Several protocols and anthropometric measurements were applied in the interviews at immediate postpartum and 7 and 15 days and 1, 3, and 6 months after birth. For this study, we analyzed only data collected during postpartum interviews. The statistical analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn post hoc. The significance level was set at 5%. The Hospital Ethics and Research Committees approved the study. Results Of the 485 eligible mothers-newborns dyads, 400 agreed to participate (82.5%, 400/485). As expected, newborns from the SGA group had significantly lower birth weight, smaller stature, and lower cephalic perimeter (P Conclusions In this study, we describe the planning and structure for the systematic follow-up of mother-newborn dyads in the first 6 months after birth, considering the important demographic and epidemiological transition scenario in Brazil. The results of this prospective longitudinal study may provide a better understanding of the causal mechanisms involved in health and life course disease related to different adverse intrauterine environments.

Objective To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultraprocessed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methods This case-control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to detect differences between the groups. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between the intake of ultra-processed food and energy, macro- and micronutrients, with values of p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The HIV-positive group was older (p< 0.001) and had lower income (p= 0.016) and level of schooling (p< 0.001) than the HIV-negative group. Both groups presented similar average food intake: 4,082.99 Kcal/day and 4,369.24 Kcal/day for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative women respectively (p= 0.258).The HIV-positive group consumed less protein (p= 0.048), carbohydrates (p= 0.028) and calcium(p= 0.001), andmore total fats (p= 0.003). Ultra-processed foods accounted for 39.80% and 40.10% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups’ caloric intake respectively (p= 0.893). The intake of these foods was associated with a higher consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), trans fat (p= 0.013) and sodium (p< 0.001), as well as lower protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p= 0.022). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the energy consumption and ultraprocessed food intake were similar in both groups, which reinforces the trend toward a high intake of ultra-processed food in the general population. The intake of ultraprocessed food was positively associated with the consumption of carbohydrates, trans fat and sodium, and negatively associated with the consumption of protein and fiber. Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o consumo alimentar diário e a contribuição dos alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta de gestantes soropositivas e soronegativas para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Métodos Estudo de caso-controle com 77 puérperas soropositivas e 79 soronegativas entre 2015 e 2016. Analisaram-se dados socioeconômicos e demográficos maternos, e aplicou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) adaptado para gestantes. Utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney para detectar diferenças entre os grupos. A regressão linear avaliou a associação entre o consumo de ultraprocessados e de energia, macro e micronutrientes. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados O grupo de puérperas soropositivas foi mais velho (p < 0,001), com menor renda familiar (p = 0,016) e escolaridade (p < 0,001) quando comparado com o grupo das soronegativas. Ambos os grupos apresentaram médias de consumo semelhantes, com 4.082,99 Kcal/dia entre as puérperas soropositivas e 4.369,24 kcal/dia entre as soronegativas (p = 0,258). Observou-se que as puérperas soropositivas consumiam menos proteínas (p = 0,048), carboidratos (p = 0,028) e cálcio (p = 0,001), e mais gorduras totais (p = 0,003). Os ultraprocessados corresponderam a 39,80% das calorias entre as soropositivas, e a 40,10% entre as soronegativas (p = 0,893). O consumo destes alimentos esteve associado a um maior consumo de carboidratos (p < 0,001), gordura trans (p = 0,013) e sódio (p < 0,001), e a um menor consumo de proteínas (p < 0,001) e fibras (p = 0,022). Conclusão Esses achados demonstram que o consumo de energia e de alimentos ultraprocessados foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, o que reforça a tendência ao consumo elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados na população geral. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi positivamente associado ao consumo de carboidratos, gorduras trans e sódio, e negativamente associado ao consumo de proteínas e fibras.

Introduction: Depression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals has been associated with reduced quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative postpartum women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups: 80 HIV-seropositive and 80 HIV-seronegative postpartum women. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life short-version scale were used to assess presence of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores. Two-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of depressive symptoms, HIV exposure and interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure on mean quality of life scores, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Depressive symptoms were present in 35% (28) of HIV-seropositive and 17.5% (14) of HIV-seronegative participants (p = 0.02). The interaction between depressive symptoms and HIV exposure was not significant for any quality of life domain. The main effect of HIV exposure was also not significant. Depressive symptoms had a negative influence on quality of life scores in all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The quality of life of pregnant women is negatively influenced by the presence of depressive symptoms. Keywords: Pregnancy; quality of life; depression and HIV

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao numero de consultas pre-natais de mulheres tabagistas e nao tabagistas. Metodos: analise transversal de uma amostra de conveniencia de mulheres com historias previas de tabagismo e um grupo controle. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelos Comites de Etica das instituicoes de origem. O desfecho foi o numero de consultas pre-natais e as variaveis estudadas foram: idade materna (anos), raca (etnia), escolaridade (anos), renda familiar (reais), situacao conjugal, numero de filhos (previos a gestacao analisada) e o planejamento da gestacao analisada. Os numeros de consultas pre-natais foram comparados pelo teste Mann-Whitney. A regressao linear foi aplicada para avaliar o numero de consultas pre-natais e sua relacao com as variaveis analisadas. Resultados: selecionaram-se 248 mulheres, distribuidas em controle ( n =161) e tabagistas durante a gestacao ( n =87). Verificou-se que a mediana de idade foi 24 [20-30] anos e a escolaridade 9 [7,25-11] anos. A maioria das mulheres (71,4%) realizou mais de seis consultas pre-natais. Contatou-se maior frequencia de mulheres solteiras no grupo tabagista ( p =0,001). Tabagistas apresentaram menor escolaridade ( p < 0,0001), menor renda ( p < 0,0001), maior numero de filhos ( p =0,004), menor planejamento da gestacao ( p < 0,0001) e menor numero de consultas pre-natais ( p < 0,0001). O numero de consultas pre-natais foi influenciado negativamente pelo tabagismo materno durante a gestacao ( p =0,009), pelo numero de filhos ( p < 0,0001) e positivamente pela idade materna ( p < 0,0001). Conclusoes: o tabagismo durante a gestacao esta associado a condicoes de maior vulnerabilidade socioeconomica, evidenciando a necessidade de um pre-natal adequado e cuidados mais intensos por profissionais de saude para esta populacao.

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever as práticas alimentares de crianças de zero a dois anos de vida internadas em um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre-RS. Métodos: Identificaram-se as práticas alimentares de 261 crianças, por instrumento composto por questões que analisam atributos, componentes e marcadores da alimentação complementar. As variáveis foram expressas em percentual e valor absoluto, média e desvio padrão ou mediana e intervalo interquartil. Resultados: O aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses esteve presente em 25,3% da amostra, com mediana de duração de 45 dias, e a introdução da alimentação complementar foi iniciada em tempo adequado (seis a sete meses) em 57%. Dentre as crianças que já haviam iniciado a alimentação complementar através da papa de fruta ou refeição principal (n = 128), a mediana de idade de introdução foi de 5 (4-6) meses. Em relação à adequação, alimentos fonte de vitamina A e ferro estiveram presentes em 83,6% das crianças, e 62,5% consumiam todos os grupos alimentares. A consistência da alimentação estava adequada em 52,3%. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados estava presente na alimentação de 60,2% das crianças. Conclusões: Foram observadas baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo, introdução precoce da alimentação complementar e alta frequência de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. As práticas alimentares inadequadas identificadas podem comprometer a saúde da criança, sendo importante realizar ações para a promoção do aleitamento materno e da introdução adequada da alimentação complementar. Objective: To identify and describe the eating practices of children from zero to two years of age admitted to a university hospital in Porto AlegreRS. Methods: The dietary practices of 261 children were identified by an instrument composed of questions that analyze attributes, components and markers of complementary feeding. The variables were expressed as percentage and absolute value, mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months was present in 25.3% of the sample, with a median duration of 45 days, and the introduction of complementary feeding was started at an appropriate time (six to seven months) in 57%. Among children who had already started complementary feeding through fruit porridge or main meal (n= 128), the median age of introduction was 5 (4-6) months. Regarding adequacy, food sources of vitamin A and iron were present in 83.6% of the children, and 62.5% consumed all food groups. Consistency of food was adequate in 52.3%. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods was present in the diet of 60.2% of the children. Conclusions: Low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, early introduction of complementary feeding and high frequency of ultraprocessed foods were observed. The identified improper eating practices can compromise the health of the child, and it is important to take actions to promote breastfeeding and the adequate introduction of complementary feeding.

This article aims to review systematically the evidence on nutritional assessment techniques and parameters used to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents. The literature review and the selection of publications were performed using the Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, Embase, personal files. 17 studies were identified, 7 addressed the anthropometric indices as the main outcome, 7 analyzed the growth and development of children and adolescents through growth curves, and the remainder surveyed body composition. In general, all met the quality criteria, unless 6 of the articles who did not discuss the limitations. The literature review suggests several techniques and parameters that can be applied to determine the nutritional status of children and adolescents from different countries. Growth graphs are essential to assess the health of children, but depend greatly of the growth tables used. Although BMI can be practical, it does not distinguish body fat from lean mass. The best interpretation of anthropometry will depend of valid reference values for age range of the study population. BIA is a quick feasible method, but the measurement has some various nationalities. Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente as evidências sobre as técnicas de avaliação nutricional e parâmetros utilizados para determinar o estado nutricional em crianças e adolescentes. Revisão da literatura com busca nas bases de dados, Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e Embase, além de arquivos pessoais. Identificamos 17 artigos que relatavam dados de diferentes populações, sete estudos abordaram os índices antropométricos, quatro o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes por meio de curvas de crescimento, e o restante a composição corporal. Todos preencheram os critérios de qualidade, com exceção das limitações. A revisão da literatura sugere diversas técnicas e parâmetros que podem ser aplicados para determinar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes de diferentes países. Gráficos de crescimento são essenciais para avaliar a saúde de crianças, mas depende muito das tabelas de crescimento utilizadas. Embora o IMC seja prático, não distingue a gordura corporal de massa magra. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar proporções, tamanho e composição corporal. A melhor interpretação da antropometria dependerá de valores de referência válidos para a faixa etária da população estudada. BIA é um método factível, mas tem algumas limitações para a realização do exame.

An adverse early life environment can induce changes on behavioral and metabolic responses later in life. Recent studies in rats showed that the quality of maternal care as measured by high levels of pup licking and grooming (LG) was associated with changes in the relationship between the precursor thyroid-hormone T4 and the more active T3. Here we investigated if early exposure to childhood abuse is associated with thyroid-hormone levels in human adolescents. Given the empirical evidence from animal models showing that good maternal care was associated with increased conversion of T4 to T3, we hypothesized that early adversity would be associated with a decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. A sample of 80 adolescents (10-18 years) participated in this study. We used the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to investigate early life stress. We calculate the body mass index (BMI) assessing weight and height and sexual maturation stage was determined by self-assessment. Blood samples were collected to measure T3 and T4 levels. ANCOVA were used to evaluate the influence of the Physical Abuse domain of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as the early life stress variable in T3 and T4 separately, adjusted for potential confounders such as pubertal status, gender, socioeconomic status and BMI. Early life trauma was associated with reduced T3 levels in adolescents, when adjusted for potential confounders (p=0.013), but not with peripheral T4 levels (p=0.625). We extended findings from animal models showing that adverse early experience persistently impacts on the individual's responses to stress, which is marked by an abnormal metabolism of thyroid hormones. Further studies are needed to further investigate the nature of such associations.

Objetivo: Identificar o estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares de pacientes masculinos em recuperação de dependência química em acompanhamento ambulatorial de uma unidade de adição. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 25 pacientes adultos em tratamento ambulatorial para dependência química. Foram aferidos parâmetros antropométricos (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa corporal) e de composição corporal (bioimpedância elétrica), e foram investigados hábitos alimentares (Questionário de Frequência Alimentar – QFA). As variáveis categóricas são apresentadas como frequências e percentuais e as variáveis contínuas, como média e desvio-padrão ou como mediana e intervalo interquartil. Resultados: Observou- se índice de massa corporal médio de 27,73 ± 4,15 kg/m², com prevalência de sobrepeso de 80% e obesidade de 8%. A média da circunferência da cintura foi de 96,60 ± 9,84 cm e a de percentual de gordura corporal, de 23,24 ± 6,44. A maior parte da amostra estudada [20 (80%)] refere realizar quatro ou mais refeições por dia e 72% referiram aumento do consumo alimentar no período de abstinência. A preferência por alimentos específicos no período de abstinência foi relatada por 12 (48%) pacientes. Em relação ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, destaca-se o consumo diário de pão francês (68%), pães brancos de forma (16%), sucos artificiais (48%), refrigerantes (32%), queijo amarelo (36%), embutidos com alto teor de gordura (36%) e balas e chicletes (32%). Conclusão: Os resultados mostram prevalência elevada de sobrepeso e obesidade, além de medida de circunferência da cintura alterada, relato de aumento da ingestão alimentar e consumo diário e semanal elevado de alimentos ultraprocessados. Objective: To identify the nutritional status and dietary habits of male patients recovering from chemical dependency in an ambulatory treatment of an addition unit. Methods: Crosssectional study with 25 male patients in ambulatorial treatment for chemical dependency. Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index) and body composition (bioelectrical impedance) were measured and dietary habits (Food Frequency Questionnaire) were investigated. Categorical variables are shown as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. Results: It was found a body mass index mean of 27.73 ± 4.15 kg/m², with a prevalence of overweight in 88% of the sample. The waist circumference mean was 96.60 ± 9.84 cm and a percentual body fat mass of 23.24 ± 6.44. The sample majority [20 (80%)] refers do four or more meals a day and 72% reported an increased food intake during the period of abstinence. The preference for specific foods during the abstinence period was reported by 12 (48%) patients. Regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods, there is a highlight daily consumption of French bread (68%), white pan bread (16%), artificial juices (48%), soft drinks (32%), high-fat cheese (36%), high-fat processed meat (36%), candy and gum (32%). Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as altered waist circumference, increased food intake and daily and weekly consumption of ultra-processed foods.

Verificar a associação entre a alimentação de lactentes menores de 180 dias, beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e a ocorrência de sibilância. Pesquisa de delineamento transversal. A população foi constituída por crianças menores de 180 dias, atendidas em 11 unidades de Estratégias Saúde da Família (ESF), da cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi obtida no momento das pesagens anuais obrigatórias do PBF. Utilizou-se um questionário padronizado e incluíram-se os Marcadores de Consumo Alimentar e o Questionário Escrito - Estudo Internacional de Sibilância em Lactentes (QE-EILS). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a razão de prevalência (RP) com intervalo de confiança de (IC) 95%. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Foram avaliados 47 lactentes, com idade média de 123,49±55,54 dias, sendo 24(51,1%) do sexo masculino. Quanto ao QE-EILS, 26(55,3%) lactentes têm familiares com asma e 23(48,9%) apresentaram sibilância nos últimos seis meses. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a sibilância nos últimos seis meses e o consumo de leite materno (RP 0,45; IC95%: 0,32-0,63), (p=0,021), suco de frutas (RP 1,85; IC95%: 1,14-2,99), (p=0,039), frutas (RP 2,08; IC95%: 1,29-3,36), (p=0,010) e de comida de sal (RP 1,96; IC95%: 1,21-3,16), (p=0,020). Crianças que não recebiam leite materno, e as que receberam frutas, comida de sal, leite de vaca, suco e água nos primeiros 180 dias de vida apresentaram maior prevalência de sibilância e outros sintomas respiratórios, motivo pelo qual é importante fomentar as recomendações de alimentação e nutrição adequadas na infância.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o gasto energético medido por calorimetria indireta com o estimado por equações de predição entre adolescentes asmáticos e não asmáticos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 69 adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos. Foram comparados três grupos pareados (asmáticos com excesso de peso, asmáticos eutróficos e não asmáticos com excesso de peso). Para avaliação nutricional utilizaram-se medidas antropométricas e de composição corporal. O gasto energético foi medido por calorimetria indireta e estimado por fórmulas de predição. RESULTADOS: Cada grupo foi composto por 23 adolescentes, dos quais 10 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de M=12,4, DP=2,4 anos. O gasto energético de repouso, pela calorimetria indireta nos asmáticos com excesso de peso, foi de M=1550,2, DP=547,2kcal/dia; nos asmáticos eutróficos, M=1540,8, DP=544,2kcal/dia; e nos não asmáticos com excesso de peso, M=1697,2, DP=379,8kcal/dia, com resultado semelhante entre os grupos, mesmo quando ajustado pela massa magra e massa gorda (f=0,186; p=0,831). Obtiveram-se achados semelhantes entre o gasto energético medido pela calorimetria indireta e o estimado pelas fórmulas de predição, com exceção da fórmula de Harris-Benedict, que subestimou o gasto energético nos asmáticos eutróficos e nos não asmáticos com excesso de peso. CONCLUSÃO: O gasto energético de repouso não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos asmáticos e não asmáticos, mesmo quando ajustado pela massa magra e massa gorda. Para os três grupos, as equações de predição são úteis para estimar o gasto energético de repouso e o gasto energético total.OBJECTIVE: This study compared the energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry with that estimated by prediction equations in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. Three paired groups were compared (overweight, asthmatic adolescents, normal weight, asthmatic adolescents and overweight, non-asthmatic adolescents). Energy expenditure was estimated by indirect calorimetry and prediction equations. RESULTS: Each group consisted of 23 adolescents (10 females), with an average age of M=12.4, SD=2.4 years. In the group of overweight, asthmatic adolescents, the resting energy expenditure was M=1550.2, SD=547.2kcal/day; in the group of normal weight asthmatic adolescents, the resting energy expenditure was M=1540.8, SD=544.2kcal/day; and in the group of overweight, non-asthmatic adolescents, the resting energy expenditure was M=1697.2 SD=379.8kcal/day. The results were similar among groups even when adjusted for lean and fat mass (f=0.186; p=0.831). The total energy expenditure was also similar among groups, except that the Harris-Benedict formula underestimated the energy expenditure in normal weight asthmatic adolescents and overweight, non-asthmatic adolescents. CONCLUSION: The resting energy expenditure was not statistically different among groups of asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents, even when adjusted for lean mass and fat mass. For all three groups, the predictive equations were useful for estimating the resting energy expenditure and total energy expenditure.

Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes na admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital público de referência.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal que avaliou 277 pacientes, de 0 a 19 anos que foram admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, nas primeiras 72 h de internação, no ano de 2013. As variáveis avaliadas, a partir dos prontuários, foram as medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura. Para verificar a associação do estado nutricional com as demais variáveis, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, sendo considerado significativo p

Objective To measure resting energy expenditure (REE) and to estimate caloric intake of asthmatic adolescents with excess body weight and compare results with those groups of eutrophic asthmatic adolescents and non-asthmatic adolescents with excess body weight. Methods This cross-sectional study categorized 69 adolescents aged 10 to 18 y into three matched groups. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric and body composition measurements. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure energy expenditure, and caloric intake was estimated from dietary recalls. Results In each group, there were 23 adolescents (10 girls) aged 12.39 ± 2.40 y. Results for each group were as follows. For asthmatic adolescents with excess body weight, body mass index (BMI) was 24.83 ± 2.73 kg/m 2 , REEs were 1550.24 ± 547.23 kcal/d and 27.69 ± 11.33 kcal · kg −1 · d −1 , and estimated caloric intake was 2068.75 ± 516.66 kcal/d; for eutrophic asthmatic adolescents, BMI was 19.01 ± 2.10 kg/m 2 , REEs were 1540.82 ± 544.22 kcal/d and 36.65 ± 15.04 kcal · kg −1 · d −1 , and estimated caloric intake was 2174.05 ± 500.55 kcal/d; and for non-asthmatic adolescents with excess body weight, BMI was 25.35 ± 3.66 kg/m 2 , REEs were 1697.24 ± 379.84 kcal/d and 28.18 ± 6.70 kcal · kg −1 · d −1 , and estimated caloric intake was 1673.17 ± 530.68 kcal/d. Absolute REE values between groups were not statistically different, even after correction for lean mass and fat mass ( F = 0.186, P = 0.831). REE (kilocalories per kilogram per day) was significantly higher in the group of eutrophic asthmatic adolescents ( P = 0.016). Estimated caloric intake was greater than REE only in the group of adolescents with asthma. Conclusion The REE was not significantly different among groups, and REE (kilocalories per kilogram per day) was higher in the group of eutrophic asthmatic adolescents. Estimated caloric intake was greater than REE in the group of adolescents with asthma.

to determine the prevalence of asthma risk associated with anthropometric indicators of excess weight and body fat distribution.cross-sectional study including adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. The anthropometric indicator used to classify excess weight was the body mass index (BMI-Z); those used for abdominal adiposity were waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the conicity index (CI). Asthma characteristics were evaluated using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The significance level was 5%, and the analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 18.0.adolescent students (n = 1362; 788 [57.9%] female) with a mean age of 15.65 ± 1.24 years were evaluated. A high prevalence of asthma, excess weight (BMI-Z) and excess abdominal adiposity (WC and WHtR) was observed in the females. Only CI values for excess abdominal adiposity were higher for males than for females. Adolescents with excess abdominal adiposity, as shown by the WHtR, had a 1.24 times higher risk of having asthma compared with non-obese adolescents. Boys with excess abdominal adiposity, as classified by CI, presented a 1.8 times greater risk of asthma. The risk of severe asthma was 3 times higher among adolescents who were classified as severely obese via the BMI-Z.this study showed that excess body weight and abdominal obesity are associated with an increased risk of asthma and asthma severity in adolescents. Thus, additional BMI measurements are suggested for asthmatics.Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de riesgo de asma asociado con indicadores antropométricos de exceso de peso y la distribución de la grasa corporal. Metodología: estudio transversal que incluye adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad. El indicador antropométrico utilizado para clasificar el exceso de peso fue el índice de masa corporal (IMC-Z); los utilizados para la adiposidad abdominal fueron la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), la relación cintura-estatura (RCE) y el índice de conicidad (IC). Las características del asma se evaluaron utilizando el cuestionario International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). El nivel de significación fue del 5%, y los análisis se realizaron con el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 18.0. Resultados: fueron evaluados estudiantes adolescentes (n = 1362; 788 [57,9%] mujeres) con una edad media de 15,65 ± 1,24 años. Se observó en las mujeres una alta prevalencia de asma, exceso de peso (IMC-Z) y exceso de adiposidad abdominal (WC y RCE). Solo los valores de IC para el exceso de adiposidad abdominal fueron mayores para los hombres que para las mujeres. Los adolescentes con exceso de adiposidad abdominal, como lo demuestra la RCE, tenían 1,24 veces más riesgo de tener asma en comparación con los adolescentes no obesos. Los niños con exceso de adiposidad abdominal, según la clasificación de IC, presentaron 1,8 veces mayor riesgo de asma. El riesgo de asma grave era 3 veces mayor entre las adolescentes que fueron clasificados como severamente obesos a través del IMC-Z. Conclusión: este estudio mostró que el exceso de peso y la obesidad abdominal se asocian con un mayor riesgo de asma y asma severa en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, se sugieren mediciones de IMC adicionales para los asmáticos.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations of prenatal factors with birth weight and length, as well as current nutritional status, of children hospitalized in southern Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 child-mother pairs. Children were between 4 and 24 months old. They were at the inpatient unit or pediatric emergency department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Anthropometric data were collected, and a questionnaire on gestational data was answered by the children's mothers. Maternal variables of interest were: prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, smoking and/or use of alcohol, use of illicit drugs, gestational diabetes and/ or high blood pressure. Children's variables of interest were: sex, gestational age, birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL), and current anthropometric data [body mass index for age (BMI/A), height for age (H/A), and weight for age (W/A)]. The gestational weight gain and smoking were associated with BW. We also found that H/A was associated with BW and BL, W/A was associated with BW, and BMI/A was associated with BL. The gestational weight gain was associated with BL, diabetes was associated with BW and BL, and high blood pressure was associated with low height in the first two years of life. We concluded that prenatal factors may have an influence on both BW and BL, causing the birth of small and large for gestational age children, and thus affecting their growth rate during the first years of life.El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las asociaciones de factores prenatales con el peso y la longitud al nacer y el estado nutricional actual de los niños hospitalizados en el sur de Brasil. Para ello se realizó un estudio transversal de 300 pares de madres y niños de entre 4 y 24 meses de edad, que estaban en la unidad de hospitalización o de emergencia pediátrica del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Se recogieron los datos antropométricos y se respondió a un cuestionario sobre los datos del embarazo. Variables maternas en estudio: IMC antes del embarazo, aumento de peso gestacional, fumar y/o beber alcohol, uso de drogas ilegales, la diabetes y/o hipertensión gestacional; y de los niños: el sexo, la edad gestacional, el peso (PN) y la longitud al nacer (LN), así como los datos antropométricos actuales (índice de masa corporal para la edad (IMC/E), altura para la edad (A/E) y peso para la edad (P/E). Para las asociaciones entre variables se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher; para las que demostraron p.