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microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms' role in ecology and human health.

Abstract Microbiome-directed dietary interventions such as microbiota-directed fibers (MDFs) have a proven track record in eliciting responses in beneficial gut microbes and are increasingly being promoted as an effective strategy to improve animal production systems. Here we used initial metataxonomic data on fish gut microbiomes as well as a wealth of a priori mammalian microbiome knowledge on α-mannooligosaccharides (MOS) and β-mannan-derived MDFs to study effects of such feed supplements in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their impact on its gut microbiome composition and functionalities. Our multi-omic analysis revealed that the investigated MDFs (two α-mannans and an acetylated β-galactoglucomannan), at a dose of 0.2% in the diet, had negligible effects on both host gene expression, and gut microbiome structure and function under the studied conditions. While a subsequent trial using a higher (4%) dietary inclusion of β-mannan significantly shifted the gut microbiome composition, there were still no biologically relevant effects on salmon metabolism and physiology. Only a single Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (BCP) population demonstrated consistent and significant abundance shifts across both feeding trials, although with no evidence of β-mannan utilization capabilities or changes in gene transcripts for producing metabolites beneficial to the host. In light of these findings, we revisited our omics data to predict and outline previously unreported and potentially beneficial endogenous lactic acid bacteria that should be targeted with future, conceivably more suitable, MDF strategies for salmon.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a experiência da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa no cotidiano das mulheres usuárias da atenção básica em saúde, considerando os pressupostos dela a partir de uma pesquisa realizada na periferia do município de Fortaleza, no ano de 2022, com 13 mulheres participantes do grupo de Terapia Comunitária Integrativa de uma unidade básica de saúde. Os dados foram coletados em duas oficinas, gravados e receberam tratamento com uso da técnica da análise de conteúdo do tipo temático-estrutural. Foi percebido que a felicidade e o bem-estar foram os conteúdos mais presentes nas falas das mulheres. Uma possível explicação para esses achados é que, ao se sentirem apoiadas, acolhidas e cuidadas, as participantes experimentaram com maior intensidade esses sentimentos. Os relatos individuais se entrelaçam e potencializam sentimentos conciliadores, fortalecendo o coletivo das participantes no contexto social. De certo, a Terapia Comunitária Integrativa não aponta soluções para todas as situações de conflitos, porém, ressignifica, encoraja e oferece mais autonomia para lidar com muitos dos seus dilemas. Concluiu-se que a Terapia Comunitária Integrativa é uma oferta potente, inovadora, factível, com resultados muito animadores, podendo ser utilizada como prática integrativa e complementar, fortalecendo a efetivação do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effects of high-concentrate diets with and without the inclusion of soybean hull (SH; 0 or 500.8 g/kg) plus corn (whole or ground) on the performance, morphometric traits, and nutritional and metabolic parameters of crossbred dairy calves. We also aimed to assess the costs associated with the experimental diets employed. Thirty-six male calves with an average weight of 89±18.6 kg and age of 3.5 months were allocated to four treatments, with nine replicates of one calf/pen, in a completely randomized experimental design for 198 days. The inclusion of the SH and the physical form of corn did not influence animal performance or morphometric measurements; however, SH inclusion increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and the intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, but did not affect total digestible nutrient intake. The physical form of corn did not influence nutrient intake or digestibility, which resulted in similar performance across the animals. Blood glucose levels as well as alkaline phosphatase and creatinine remained elevated regardless of the diet. The use of SH reduced the total plasma cholesterol content, and there was an interaction between the physical form of corn and SH inclusion in relation to creatinine levels, which were higher when using diets with whole corn and SH. Although the inclusion of up to 500.8 g/kg of SH in the diet reduces feed efficiency, its use decreases the cost per kilogram of weight gain. Dairy calves can exhibit satisfactory production performance when fed alternative ingredients such as whole corn or SH, which have a lower cost than ground corn, traditionally used in diet formulations.

ABSTRACT Asbestos was largely used in Brazil. It is a mineral that induces pleural and pulmonary fibrosis, and it is a potent carcinogen. Our objective was to develop recommendations for the performance of adequate imaging tests for screening asbestos-related diseases. We searched peer-reviewed publications, national and international technical documents, and specialists’ opinions on the theme. Based on that, the major recommendations are: Individuals exposed to asbestos at the workplace for ≥ 1 year or those with a history of environmental exposure for at least 5 years, all of those with a latency period > 20 years from the date of initial exposure, should initially undego HRCT of the chest for investigation. Individuals with pleural disease and/or asbestosis should be considered for regular lung cancer monitoring. Risk calculators should be adopted for lung cancer screening, with a risk estimate of 1.5%.

Este estudo busca caracterizar a violência contra idosos na Região Metropolitana de Belém, Pará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória, descritiva e documental, realizada a partir de dados da Secretaria de Inteligência e Análise Criminal do estado do Pará, no período de 2016 a 2020, com a análise de oito variáveis, considerando pessoas com ≤ 60 anos. A violência financeira foi a mais praticada, representando 40,01% dos casos; 2019 foi o ano em que mais se teve notificações, com 1.196 denúncias; segunda-feira (17,70%), terça-feira (15,18%) e quarta-feira (15,36%), foram os dias da semana de mais registros de violência; a parte da manhã foi o turno de maior ocorrência (40,64%); a via pública foi o principal local onde a violência foi cometida (44,58%), seguida pela residência (31,99%). O estudo indica que existe a necessidade de investigar mais sobre o problema na capital, pois é onde há maior ocorrência de denúncias e casos de violência.

OBJECTIVES:. To develop and validate a prediction model for 1-year mortality in patients with a hematologic malignancy acutely admitted to the ICU. DESIGN:. A retrospective cohort study. SETTING:. Five university hospitals in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2015. PATIENTS:. A total of 1097 consecutive patients with a hematologic malignancy were acutely admitted to the ICU for at least 24 h. INTERVENTIONS:. None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. We created a 13-variable model from 22 potential predictors. Key predictors included active disease, age, previous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mechanical ventilation, lowest platelet count, acute kidney injury, maximum heart rate, and type of malignancy. A bootstrap procedure reduced overfitting and improved the model’s generalizability. This involved estimating the optimism in the initial model and shrinking the regression coefficients accordingly in the final model. We assessed performance using internal–external cross-validation by center and compared it with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II model. Additionally, we evaluated clinical usefulness through decision curve analysis. The overall 1-year mortality rate observed in the study was 62% (95% CI, 59–65). Our 13-variable prediction model demonstrated acceptable calibration and discrimination at internal–external validation across centers (C-statistic 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63–0.77), outperforming the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II model (C-statistic 0.61; 95% CI, 0.57–0.65). Decision curve analysis indicated overall net benefit within a clinically relevant threshold probability range of 60–100% predicted 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS:. Our newly developed 13-variable prediction model predicts 1-year mortality in hematologic malignancy patients admitted to the ICU more accurately than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II model. This model may aid in shared decision-making regarding the continuation of ICU care and end-of-life considerations.

Abstract The oral cavity is the portal of entry for many microorganisms that affect swine, and the swine oral fluid has been used as a specimen for the diagnosis of several infectious diseases. The oral microbiota has been shown to play important roles in humans, such as protection against non-indigenous bacteria. In swine, studies that have investigated the microbial composition of the oral cavity of pigs are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the oral fluid microbiota of weaned pigs from five commercial farms in Brazil and compare it to their respective fecal and environmental microbiotas. Bacterial compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyzed in R Studio. Oral fluid samples were significantly less diverse (alpha diversity) than pen floor and fecal samples (P

O plantio de híbridos de sorgo para pastejo é alternativa para a produção de forragem no estado do Tocantins. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características de morfogênese de híbridos de sorgo, para pastejo, e identificar a densidade de plantas que promove melhor rendimento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. O primeiro fator representou dois híbridos de sorgo (BRS 800 e CMSXS 766), ao passo que o segundo fator contemplou quatro níveis de espaçamento entre linhas (15, 30, 45 e 60 cm). As variáveis analisadas foram Acúmulo de forragem verde, taxa de alongamento de folhas, taxa de alongamento de colmos, número de folhas vivas por perfilho, taxa de aparecimento de folhas, comprimento final de folhas e filocrono. O híbrido de sorgo para pastejo CMSXS 766, utilizado no espaçamento de 15 cm entre linhas (800.000 mil plantas por hectare), é o mais indicado para atingir maiores produtividades nas condições impostas. Os híbridos de sorgo BRS 800 e CMSXS 766 são viáveis no estado do Tocantins podendo ser aproveitados até a terceira rebrotação.

O presente trabalho trata da proteção constitucional à liberdade de expressão. Mais especificamente, a partir da participatory theory de Robert Post e James Weinstein. Objetiva-se apresentar a teoria dos autores, e, para tanto, no primeiro item se apresenta a teoria de Alexander Meiklejohn, que primeiro sistematizou a relação entre a concretização do autogoverno democrático e a proteção estatal do direito de fala. Após, expõe-se a teoria de Robert Post e James Weinstein, a qual liga a defesa do direito individual de expressão à concretização do autogoverno democrático, justificando-a com base na ação política dos falantes no lugar do benefício aos ouvintes. Por fim, a partir de Post e Weinstein, reitera-se o ponto central da participatory theory contra a ideia dominante da liberdade de expressão centrada na autonomia.

Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre sobrecarga dos cuidadores familiares de adoecidos por câncer em Cuidados Paliativos e as variáveis sexo, idade, problemas de saúde e tempo de cuidado. Método: estudo descritivo correlacional com amostra não probabilística de 147 cuidadores familiares, na Clínica de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos, em 2021, na cidade de Belém do Pará - Brasil. Utilizou-se a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit para coleta de dados com análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: 86 (58,5%) dos cuidadores eram do sexo feminino, 66 (44,9%) cuidadores se sentem “Muito sobrecarregados”, 104 (70,7%) apresentaram sobrecarga Moderada a Severa. Não houve consistência para concluir as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, problemas de saúde ou tempo de cuidado uma relação estatisticamente significante (p>0,05). Conclusão: espera-se que os resultados contribuam para aumentar o conhecimento do tema, subsidiando a prática assistencial, e na formulação de políticas públicas para o atendimento das necessidades dos cuidadores de familiares adoecidos por câncer.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in Palliative Care and the variables gender, age, health problems, and length of care. Method: Descriptive correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 147 family caregivers at the Oncological Palliative Care Clinic in 2021 in Belém do Pará - Brazil. The Zarit Overload Scale was used to collect data, with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: 86 (58.5%) of the caregivers were female, 66 (44.9%) caregivers felt "Very overloaded", and 104 (70.7%) had Moderate to Severe overload. There was no consistency in concluding that the variables gender, age group, health problems, or length of care had a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is hoped that the results will contribute to increasing knowledge of the subject, supporting care practice, and formulating public policies to meet the needs of caregivers of family members who are ill with cancer.

Objetivo: Analizar la correlación entre la sobrecarga de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos y las variables sexo, edad, problemas de salud y tiempo de cuidado. Método: estudio descriptivo correlacional con una muestra no probabilística de 147 cuidadores familiares, en la Clínica de Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos, en 2021, en la ciudad de Belém do Pará - Brasil. Para recoger los datos se utilizó la Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, con análisis estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Resultados: 86 (58,5%) de los cuidadores eran mujeres, 66 (44,9%) cuidadores se sentían "Muy sobrecargados", 104 (70,7%) tenían una sobrecarga de Moderada a Severa. No hubo coherencia a la hora de concluir que las variables sexo, grupo de edad, problemas de salud o tiempo de atención tuvieran una relación estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Conclusión: Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a aumentar el conocimiento sobre el tema, apoyar la práctica asistencial y la formulación de políticas públicas para satisfacer las necesidades de los cuidadores de familiares enfermos de cáncer.

Introdução e objetivo: A Esporotricose é uma micose zoonótica endêmica, causada por fungos dimórficos do gênero Sporothrix, sendo S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis as espécies patogênicas mais relevantes. São encontrados na natureza, principalmente no solo. A infecção resulta da inoculação traumática do fungo na derme durante atividades como agricultura e jardinagem, ou por transmissão zoonótica ‒ esta última ganhando grande notoriedade nas últimas décadas, relacionada a cães e felinos, sendo a contaminação advinda de arranhadura ou mordedura de animais contaminados, onde gatos domésticos são os principais reservatórios. Comumente o fungo se localiza na pele e no tecido subcutâneo, resultando em lesões nodulares ou ulceradas. O surgimento de cepas de Sporothrix resistentes têm incitado a comunidade científica a buscar alternativas terapêuticas ao itraconazol para o tratamento desta zoonose, encontrando nas plantas medicinais atividades farmacológicas requeridas. A espécie Lafoensia spp. (Lythraceae), é amplamente distribuída nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais, sendo reconhecida por sua atividade antimicrobiana. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica de Lafoensia spp. frente às espécies causadoras de Esporotricose. Métodos: Folhas e galhos foram coletados em São José de Almeida-MG, secos e pulverizados. Extratos metanólicos das folhas (AM-82F) e galhos (AM-82G) foram preparados por percolação, concentrados e solubilizados em DMSO à 50 mg/mL. Posteriormente, os extratos foram diluídos em caldo RPMI-1640 tamponado com MOPS, às concentrações de 3,90 a 250 µg/mL, para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) frente a S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis, segundo CLSI (2018). Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata e a CIM definida como a menor concentração das amostras capaz de inibir 100% do crescimento fúngico. A concentração fungicida mínima também foi avaliada. Resultados Os extratos AM-82F e AM-82G apresentaram resultados bastante promissores: frente a S. schenckii, a CIM foi de 15,62 µg/mL e 7,81 µg/mL, respectivamente. Já frente a S. brasiliensis, a CIM foi de 3,90 µg/mL e 7,81 µg/mL, respectivamente. O efeito antifúngico observado foi fungicida. Conclusão Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial antifúngico relevante de Lafoensia spp. frente à S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis, podendo ser utilizada visando o desenvolvimento de formulação farmacêutica direcionada ao tratamento da Esporotricose.

Over the last decade, innovation has centred on making archaeological data more interoperable, increasing the discoverability of data through integrated cross-search and facilitating knowledge creation by combining data in new ways. An emerging research challenge for the next decade is optimising archaeological data for reuse and defining what constitutes good practice around reuse. Critical to this research is understanding the current state-of-the-art regarding both existing best practices and barriers to using and reusing archaeological data. This research aimed to understand how to optimise archives and interfaces to maximise the discovery, use and reuse of archaeological data and explore how archaeological archives can better respond to user needs. The study was bound by (i) the reuse of digital archaeological archives; (ii) orientation to content usability and reusability; (iii) maintaining a user-orientated approach; (iv) collecting data from professionals in archaeology and heritage. The research group members adopted the quality-in-use conceptual approach for this study. Quality in use is 'the degree to which a product or system can be used by specific users to meet their needs to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and freedom from risk in specific contexts of use'. The research methodology is based on the SQuaRE (System and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation) model, represented in the ISO/IEC 25000 standards series. In addition, the quality-in-use metric for investigation of reuse and barriers to reuse of archaeological data were adopted from the standardised measurement functions and methods of ISO/IEC 25022:2016. The result was a methodological model composed of 5 characteristics (Effectiveness, Efficiency, Satisfaction, Context coverage and Usability) with 14 measures (Task completeness, Objectives achievement, Task time, Cost-effectiveness, Overall satisfaction, Satisfaction with features, User trust in the system, data and paradata, User pleasure, Physical comfort, Context completeness, Flexible context of use and User guidance completeness). The methodology was tested with specific Contexts of use (use cases), orientated to a distinct user with the specific professional goal of data reuse. Three use cases relating to 3D Pottery, radiocarbon, and GIS data were created. The pilot study has proven that the methodology works and could be applied in future research. This article discusses the application of the quality-in-use approach for evaluating the quality of digital archaeological archives, as well as presenting the methodology and the results of the pilot study.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effects of two levels of soybean hulls (0 and 400.1 g/kg) and whole or ground corn in the diet of newborn crossbred dairy male calves on intake, performance, blood indicators, and feeding cost. Twenty-eight calves with an average weight of 33.0±6.2 kg and four days of age were distributed into four treatment groups in a completely randomized design (n = 7) for 56 days. Weekly samples of feed, diets, and leftovers were collected to determine dry matter and nutrient intakes. To evaluate apparent digestibility, samples were taken using titanium dioxide as a maker. Blood samples were also collected to evaluate blood indicators. The inclusion of soybean hulls resulted in greater neutral detergent fiber intake by the calves, but reduced their non-fibrous carbohydrates intake, which was also reduced by the use of whole corn in the diet. Although the total digestible nutrients content of diets decreased with the use of whole corn and inclusion of soybean hulls, its intake did not vary (0.75 kg/d), regardless of the factors analyzed. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter (0.87 kg/kg) and crude protein (0.89 kg/kg) were similar, resulting in similar performance between the animals, regardless of the factors analyzed. In the quantities evaluated, the use of soybean hulls or whole corn did not affect blood indicators and was insufficient to reduce feed costs; the cost of daily feed was $2.06, while the cost per kilogram of gain was $3.74. The inclusion of up to 400.1 g/kg of soybean hulls or the replacement of ground corn with whole corn does not affect the performance of crossbred dairy calves during the preweaning period, demonstrating that both can be used in animal feed during this phase of production.

O objetivo geral deste artigo é desenvolver as bases teóricas e normativas de estratégias institucionais que possam contribuir para inibir a prática do constitucionalismo abusivo por emendamento constitucional. Seu objetivo específico é demonstrar a compatibilidade entre os conceitos de miniconstituição e bypass institucional como passo inicial em favor da expectativa indicada pelo objetivo geral. São apresentados os elementos primários de modelo de desenho institucional que imporia à técnica de emendas à Constituição um rito alternativo inspirado no experimentalismo democrático. A hipótese central da pesquisa, sustentada pela literatura que a informa, é de que o emprego desse rito, internamente a esquema de reorganização e multiplicação dos ramos de governo, criaria obstáculos adicionais inibitórios ao emendamento abusivo. Nesse sentido, propõe-se que um desses ramos deva encarregar-se da tarefa de supervisionar, aprovar ou rejeitar a instituição de regimes constitucionais especiais (as miniconstituições), a serem executados na forma de bypasses institucionais. A pesquisa é teórica e explora de forma interpretativa ou qualitativa os conceitos que informam seu objeto. Ainda, é exploratória e exclusivamente bibliográfica. Seus resultados e conclusões são apresentados na forma de proposições normativas, as quais abrem caminho para investigação analítica adicional e convidam teste empírico de suas hipóteses.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the influence of onco-hematological pathologies on seroconversion to COVID-19 vaccines, in addition to the effects of chemotherapy treatment on this response. Methods The present study evaluated the immunogenic response of 76 patients with onco-hematological diseases to multiple vaccine platforms compared to 25 control individuals. Results Our results showed positive response rates of 74.02% in patients with onco-hematological diseases and 100% in controls. When analyzed according to etiological group, patients with lymphoproliferative disorders achieved a positive vaccine response rate of 58.7%, whereas those with myeloproliferative diseases achieved a 100% response rate. We also observed that patients previously exposed to COVID-19 presented a 75% increase in their antibody values after vaccination, and these values were 37% higher than those of patients who did not have such exposure. We found that patients who underwent B-lymphocyte-depleting therapy in the last 2 years before vaccination had a worse response rate of 18.75%. Conclusion Despite the immunosuppression of patients with onco-hematological diseases, caused by the biology of their diseases and treatment, benefit and safety in vaccinating these patients are observed, in view of the important recall immune response and incidence of adverse effects similar to those of the healthy population.

Abstract: Aim Long-term ecological research often integrates many research groups and subjects in one or few sites sampled systematically along the time. In the Amazon, there is a tradition of long-term research in terrestrial habitats, but this has been less common in floodplain lakes. This study systematically reviews 35 years of research (1988-2022) in Batata Lake, a clear water flood plain lake impacted by bauxite mining tailings for ten years (1979-1989) and discuss some research opportunities and challenges for the future. Methods The review covered 99 scientific reports (78 papers and 21 book chapters) comprising a large spectrum of data from snapshot observations and experiments to enduring quarterly observational and hypothesis-testing studies. Soil, sediments, and the water column were consistently sampled in natural and impacted areas. Results Research topics were quite diverse and covered biological communities from aquatic virus to igapó flooded forests and provided an overview of ecological processes such as primary and secondary production. Ecological variables monitored along the project were constrained by a strong seasonality of the flood pulse and the effect of sampling areas (natural and impacted), which was performed by very connected research groups. Conclusions Despite the extensive information, long-term ecosystem function trends are still incomplete.

Abstract Throughout the past decade, many studies have reported adverse effects in biota following microplastic exposure. Yet, the field is still emerging as the current understanding of microplastic toxicity is limited. At the same time, recent legislative mandates have required environmental regulators to devise strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution and develop health-based thresholds for the protection of human and ecosystem health. The current publication rate also presents a unique challenge as scientists, environmental managers, and other communities may find it difficult to keep up with microplastic research as it rapidly evolves. At present, there is no tool that compiles and synthesizes the data from these studies to allow for visualization, interpretation, or analysis. Here, we present the Toxicity of Microplastics Explorer (ToMEx), an open access database and open source accompanying R Shiny web application that enables users to upload, search, visualize, and analyze microplastic toxicity data. Though ToMEx was originally created to facilitate the development of health-based thresholds to support California legislations, maintaining the database by the greater scientific community will be invaluable to furthering research and informing policies globally. The database and web applications may be accessed at https://microplastics.sccwrp.org/ . Graphical Abstract