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AbstractThis study is the first exploration of the archaeological record associated with artisanal Octopus fishing along the San Matías Gulf west coast in Río Negro province, Argentina, during historical times. The region has been occupied by hunter-gatherer and fishing communities dating back to approximately 3000 BP. Focused on the capture of the small intertidal Octopus species Octopus tehuelchus, this practice involves semi-nomadic small groups that establish temporary settlements along the coastal strip. Initial findings reveal distinctive elements within this archaeological record linked to octopus fishing, offering valuable insights into human spatial utilization, its dynamics with the local environment, and its connections to historical and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]