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3. PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-SLOPE SOLAR STILLS WITH DRIPPING ARRANGEMENT AND NANO ZrO2 PARTICLES

Author

Velumayil, R, Seikh, AH, Kalam, MA, Nathamuni, M, Ravishankar, S, Venugopal, J, Kathirvel, S, Shanmugam, A, Vijayan, V, Velumayil, R, Seikh, AH, Kalam, MA, Nathamuni, M, Ravishankar, S, Venugopal, J, Kathirvel, S, Shanmugam, A, and Vijayan, V

Abstract

In many parts of the world, fresh drinking water is in short supply. The solar still produced a daily output of only 3 L, but it was used in providing a sustainable supply of clean drinking water. The climate of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India was tested from 8.30 a. m. to 5.30 p. m. on April 2023 using a modified solar still (MSS) for the experiment. The effectiveness of a MSS has been increased over that of a conventional solar still (CSS) by using as nanoparticle of ZrO2 and a dripping arrangement of water. The yields of MSS and CSS were determined experimentally to be 2.22 L per m2 and 3.39 L per m2, respectively. It was found that the CSS and MSS had thermal efficiencies of 25% and 35%, respectively. It has also been noticed that the MSS in its modified form has increased efficiency by 52.5%. Water costs 0.95 Rs per L under the CSS and 0.75 Rs per L under the MSS, as determined by their respective economic analyses. Solar still using nanomaterials and dripping arrangement improved output. It has also been noticed that the MSS in its modified form has increased efficiency by 52.5%.

Published
2023

4. PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF WATER OUTPUT VIA LATENT HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM WITH SINGLE SLOPE SOLAR STILLS

Author

VELUMAYIL, R, SEIKH, AH, BALASUBRAMANIAN, V, KALAM, MA, RAVISHANKAR, S, VENUGOPAL, J, CHITRA, L, SARAVANAKUMAR, L, SENTHILKUMAR, TS, VELUMAYIL, R, SEIKH, AH, BALASUBRAMANIAN, V, KALAM, MA, RAVISHANKAR, S, VENUGOPAL, J, CHITRA, L, SARAVANAKUMAR, L, and SENTHILKUMAR, TS

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to design, build, and assess the performance of a latent heat storage system in tandem with a single slope solar still. Using a solar accumulator to transfer hot water to a shell and a spiral finned tube filled with 30 kg of paraffin wax — 1.2 wt.% of Al2O3 nanocomposites, latent heat was stored. To test the effect of the storage system’s performance, two trials were conducted, with and without storage, under as similar of conditions as could be arranged. The pro-posed storage system design eliminates any potential issues with usage of paraffin wax as the storage system in conjunction with the solar still. An outcome indicated that daily fresh water output was enhanced by 4.63% when the solar still was used in conjunction with the storage system.

Published
2023

5. BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections

Author

Shahul Hameed P, Harish Kotakonda, Sreevalli Sharma, Radha Nandishaiah, Nainesh Katagihallimath, Ranga Rao, Claire Sadler, Ian Slater, Michael Morton, Abhijeeth Chandrasekaran, Ed Griffen, Dhanashree Pillai, Sambasiva Reddy, Nagakumar Bharatham, Suryanarayanan Venkatesan, Venugopal Jonnalagadda, Ramesh Jayaraman, Mahesh Nanjundappa, Maitrayee Sharma, Savitha Raveendran, Sreenath Rajagopal, Harikrishna Tumma, Amy Watters, Holly Becker, Jill Lindley, Robert Flamm, Michael Huband, Dan Sahm, Meredith Hackel, Tarun Mathur, Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona, Jennifer Unsworth, Laura Mcentee, Nikki Farrington, Dhanasekaran Manickam, Narayana Chandrashekara, Sivakandan Jayachandiran, Hrushikesava Reddy, Sathya Shanker, Vijay Richard, Teby Thomas, Savitha Nagaraj, Santanu Datta, Vasan Sambandamurthy, Vasanthi Ramachandran, Robert Clay, John Tomayko, Shampa Das, and Balasubramanian V

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The global crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) necessitates the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs effective against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. BWC0977, a Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor (NBTI) selectively inhibits bacterial DNA replication via inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. BWC0977 exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of 0.03–2 µg/mL against a global panel of MDR Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacterales and non-fermenters, Gram-positive bacteria, anaerobes and biothreat pathogens. BWC0977 retains activity against isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones (FQs), carbapenems and colistin and demonstrates efficacy against multiple pathogens in two rodent species with significantly higher drug levels in the epithelial lining fluid of infected lungs. In healthy volunteers, single-ascending doses of BWC0977 administered intravenously ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05088421 ) was found to be safe, well tolerated (primary endpoint) and achieved dose-proportional exposures (secondary endpoint) consistent with modelled data from preclinical studies. Here, we show that BWC0977 has the potential to treat a range of critical-care infections including MDR bacterial pneumonias.

Published
2024
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26. Isolation and Structure of Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Tetracyclic Triterpenoids from the Zimbabwean Monadenium lugardae

Author

Qinghua Ye, Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku, Jean-Charles Chapuis, Delbert L. Herald, John C. Knight, Dennis L. Doubek, Fiona Hogan, Noeleen Melody, and George R. Pettit

Subjects
Zimbabwe, Stereochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Growth inhibitory, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Terpene, Triterpene, Euphorbia, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Plants, Medicinal, biology, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Leukemia P388, Organic Chemistry, Monadenium lugardae, biology.organism_classification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Triterpenes, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cell culture, Cancer cell, Molecular Medicine, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract

The Zimbabwean medicinal plant Monadenium lugardae was evaluated as a potential source of new anticancer constituents. Four new tetracyclic triterpene (1–4) were isolated, accompanied by four previously known triterpenes (5–8). Against a panel of human tumor cell lines, lugardstatins 1 (1) and 2 (2) had good cancer cell growth inhibitory activity. All of the triterpene structures (1–8) were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectrometric and HR mass spectrometric analysis.

Published
2016

27. Antineoplastic Agents. 570. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Bacillistatins 1 and 2 from a Marine Bacillus silvestris

Author

Jean-Charles Chapuis, Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku, Robin K. Pettit, Delbert L. Herald, John Hamblin, Fiona Hogan, John C. Knight, Michael J. Dodson, and George R. Pettit

Subjects
Male, Models, Molecular, Stereochemistry, Molecular Conformation, Pharmaceutical Science, Bacillus, Antineoplastic Agents, Marine Biology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Crystallography, X-Ray, Article, Analytical Chemistry, Mice, Depsipeptides, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, Depsipeptide, chemistry.chemical_classification, Bacillaceae, Molecular Structure, biology, Organic Chemistry, Stereoisomerism, biology.organism_classification, Bacillales, Cyclic peptide, Complementary and alternative medicine, Biochemistry, chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Female, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Bacteria
Abstract

Two new cyclodepsipeptides designated bacillistatins 1 (1) and 2 (2) have been isolated from cultures of a sample of Bacillus silvestris that was obtained from a Pacific Ocean (southern Chile) crab. Each 12-unit cyclodepsipeptide strongly inhibited growth of a human cancer cell line panel, with GI(50)'s of 10(-4)-10(-5) microg/mL, and each compound was active against antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The structures were elucidated by a combination of X-ray diffraction and mass and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, together with chemical degradation.

Published
2009

28. Antineoplastic Agents. 558. Ampelocissus sp. Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Constituents

Author

John C. Knight, Cherry L. Herald, Gordon M. Cragg, Jean-Charles Chapuis, Delbert L. Herald, Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku, and George R. Pettit

Subjects
Male, Chalcone, Acetogenins, Molecular Conformation, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacognosy, Crystallography, X-Ray, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Ampelocissus, Cytotoxicity, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Pharmacology, Molecular Structure, biology, Cell growth, Organic Chemistry, Biological activity, biology.organism_classification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Vitaceae, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Biochemistry, Acetogenin, Cancer cell, Molecular Medicine, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
Abstract

An investigation of the Phillippine Ampelocissus sp. roots for cancer cell growth inhibitory components led to the isolation of a new acetogenin characterized as 22-epicalamistrin (1) employing primarily 2D NMR and high-resolution mass spectral analysis. Two other antineoplastic constituents proved to be the known acetogenin uvaribonin (2) and chalcone 3. Constituents 1-3 were all found to show significant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines.

Published
2008

31. Antineoplastic Agents. 554. The Manitoba Bacterium Streptomyces sp.,1

Author

Jiang Du, Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku, Michael S. Hoard, George R. Pettit, Robin K. Pettit, Linda A. Richert, and Fiona Hogan

Subjects
Pharmacology, Indole test, biology, Streptomycetaceae, Streptococcus, Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Streptomyces, Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology, Complementary and alternative medicine, Biochemistry, Cell culture, Drug Discovery, medicine, Molecular Medicine, Actinomycetales, Bacteria, Antibacterial agent
Abstract

A Streptomyces sp. isolated from riverbank soil in Manitoba, Canada, was found to contain two cancer cell growth inhibitories: diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8). The structures were determined by interpretation of data from HRMS, UV, and high-field (400 MHz) NMR experiments. The red-colored diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8) were found to inhibit (0.1−3 μg/mL) growth of a minipanel of human cancer cell lines and P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Diazaanthraquinone 1 was also found to inhibit growth of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrheae. However, three companion constituents, cyclo-Pro-Leu (5), cyclo-Pro-Phe (6), and cyclo-Pro-Val (7), did not inhibit cancer cell growth.

Published
2006

35. New Butenolides from Two Marine Streptomycetes

Author

Michael Speitling, Elisabeth Helmke, Hartmut Laatsch, and Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, Streptomycetaceae, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 4-Butyrolactone, Drug Discovery, Organic chemistry, Furans, Spectral data, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Circular Dichroism, Organic Chemistry, Diastereomer, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Spores, Fungal, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 0104 chemical sciences, Complementary and alternative medicine, Fermentation, Molecular Medicine, Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract

Chemical examination of two marine Streptomycetes has resulted in the isolation of four new butenolides, namely 4, 10-dihydroxy-10-methyl-dodec-2-en-1,4-olide (1), two diastereomeric 4,11-dihydroxy-10-methyl-dodec-2-en-1,4-olides (2/3), and 4-hydroxy-10-methyl-11-oxo-dodec-2-en-1,4-olide (4). The structures were identified by interpretation of the 2D NMR and mass spectral data.

Published
2000

36. Antineoplastic Agents. 554. The manitoba bacterium Streptomyces sp

Author

George R, Pettit, Jiang, Du, Robin K, Pettit, Linda A, Richert, Fiona, Hogan, Venugopal J R V, Mukku, and Michael S, Hoard

Subjects
Aza Compounds, Indoles, Molecular Structure, Leukemia P388, Quinones, Streptococcus, Manitoba, Dipeptides, Peptides, Cyclic, Streptomyces, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Mice, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
Abstract

A Streptomyces sp. isolated from riverbank soil in Manitoba, Canada, was found to contain two cancer cell growth inhibitories: diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8). The structures were determined by interpretation of data from HRMS, UV, and high-field (400 MHz) NMR experiments. The red-colored diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8) were found to inhibit (0.1-3 microg/mL) growth of a minipanel of human cancer cell lines and P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Diazaanthraquinone 1 was also found to inhibit growth of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrheae. However, three companion constituents, cyclo-Pro-Leu (5), cyclo-Pro-Phe (6), and cyclo-Pro-Val (7), did not inhibit cancer cell growth.

Published
2006

40. New sesquiterpene quinols from a Micronesian sponge, Aka sp

Author

Michelle Kelly Shanks, Venugopal J. R. V. Mukku, Doriano Fabbro, Babathosh Chaudhuri, Ru A Edrada, and Francis J. Schmitz

Subjects
Stereochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Sesquiterpene, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Drug Discovery, Animals, Cyclin D1, Spectral data, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, AKA, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Pharmacology, biology, Molecular Structure, Halistanol sulfate, Organic Chemistry, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, biology.organism_classification, Terpenoid, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Porifera, Sponge, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Molecular Medicine, Micronesian, Sesquiterpenes, Micronesia
Abstract

Three new sesquiterpene quinols (1, 2, and 5) and two known ones (3 and 4) were isolated along with halistanol sulfate (6) from a marine sponge of the genus Aka collected from Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. Their structures were determined from spectral data, and the structure of siphonodictyal C (3) was revised. Sulfates 3 and 6 inhibit CDK4/cyclin D1 complexation, whereas 1 and 4 do not.

Published
2003

41. Evaluating the Properties of Self-healing Concrete: A Review

Author

Damodaran Pooja, Thangasamy Lakshmi, and Venugopal Jaganathan

Subjects
bacillus pasteurii, bacteria, concrete, stress-strain bacillus sphaericus, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The development of cracks is a regular phenomenon that causes water and various chemicals to seep into the structure reducing the strength and longevity of the building. The intrusion of external materials might affect the reinforcements when exposed to moisture and CO2 exposure, degrading the structure. Regular maintenance and treatments are needed to fix the cracks and maintain the structure. Research is in progress identifying solutions to these issues with active and self-processes in concrete which aids in repairing the cracks by generating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles which could seal the porosity of concrete and micro-cracks. Various bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cohnii and Bacillus sphaericus are chosen for the crack sealing treatment as those bacteria could survive in an alkaline medium. Distinct species of bacteria have various growth conditions. Bacterial self-healing treatments were situated in an environment containing various minerals and chemicals at a constant temperature and for a specific amount of time to develop healing properties. This paper investigates the different experimental works studied on self-healing processes in large concrete samples with different sizes and materials. Studies revealed that bacteria enhanced the systemic toughness, flow ability, durability, and flexural modulus of normal concrete. This paper also investigates the different mathematical formulations established to examine the stress-strain behaviour of bacterium, which has been utilized to increase the strength of concrete.

Published
2023
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