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3. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

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Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zubrinich, Celia, Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, and Zubrinich, Celia

Abstract

Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

Published
2020

4. Quantifying the economic impact of CETA on Portugal

Author

Ventura, Teresa Garcia Prego, Crespo, Nuno, and Figueiredo, Carlos

Subjects
Canadá, Economia internacional, F15, F International economics, International trade, Impacto económico, Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais [Domínio/Área Científica], Comércio internacional, Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão [Domínio/Área Científica], J Labor and demographic economics, Acordo comercial, Portuguese wine sector, Sector vinícola, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, L100
Abstract

The European Union and Canada recently signed a Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) which covers virtually all sectors and aspects of Canada-EU trade. For small open economies, like Portugal, trade is a key factor in productivity and competitiveness gains that foster economic performance and growth. Canada is among Portugal's top 10 importing countries, and wine is Portugal's main export good to Canada. The wine sector represents an important source of economic revenue for Portugal, contributing very significantly to the final value of agricultural production and exports. This dissertation studies the impact of CETA on Portugal-Canada wine trade, assessing its effects on the Portuguese wine sector. After a thorough examination of the Canadian wine sector, the Canadian consumer profile and market trends, an analysis was made to address the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to Portugal's positioning in the Canadian market in view of CETA's entry into force. A União Europeia e o Canadá assinaram recentemente um acordo de livre comércio, conhecido por "Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement" (CETA), que abrange praticamente todos os sectores e aspectos do comércio Canadá-UE. Para pequenas economias, como Portugal, o comércio é um factor-chave nos ganhos de produtividade e competitividade que fomentam o desempenho económico e crescimento. O Canadá está entre os 10 maiores mercados importadores de vinho português, sendo este o principal produto das exportações portuguesas para o Canadá. O sector do vinho representa uma importante fonte de receitas para Portugal, contribuindo significativamente para o valor final da produção agrícola e exportações nacionais. Esta dissertação estuda o impacto do CETA no comércio de vinho entre Portugal e o Canadá, avaliando os seus efeitos no sector vitivinícola português. Após uma análise ao sector do vinho no Canadá, o perfil do consumidor e as tendências de mercado, avaliaram-se os pontos fortes, fracos, oportunidades e ameaças relacionados com o posicionamento de Portugal no mercado canadiano face à entrada em vigor do CETA.

Published
2017

5. Late effects of poliomyelitis: living to the rhythm of disease

Author

Ventura, Teresa

Subjects
Post-poliomyelitis Syndrome, Impacto Psicossocial, Physicians, Family, Médico de Família, Psychosocial Impact, Síndroma Pós-poliomielite
Abstract

Introdução: Muitos sobreviventes da poliomielite, após período de estabilidade clínica, desenvolvem complicações relacionadas com a doença. Este caso demonstra a necessidade do médico de família familiarizar-se com as múltiplas vertentes das repercussões tardias da poliomielite e reconhecê-las como entidade nosológica. Descrição do caso: Doente, 69 anos, apresenta sequelas de poliomielite. A narrativa de vida evidencia o quanto a luta pela superação da deficiência foi central na sua trajetória. Inicia, décadas após a doença aguda, queixas progressivas de fraqueza muscular, fadiga, mialgias, poliartralgias, parestesias das mãos e depressão, condicionando incapacidade funcional crescente, bem como intolerância ao frio, incontinência urinária e perturbação do sono, por vezes associada a fasciculações. O exame objetivo e exames auxiliares de diagnóstico evidenciam lesão neurogénea crónica nos membros inferiores, síndroma do túnel cárpico e diversas doenças músculoesqueléticas. Face a novos sintomas, velhos sentimentos relacionados com a deficiência, que a própria julgava ultrapassados, são despertados. O plano terapêutico envolve uma equipa multidisciplinar e inclui intervenções que incidem sobre: controlo dos sintomas e da evolução da doença; tratamento da psicopatologia coexistente; promoção de estilos de vida salutogénicos; adaptação da habitação e prescrição de ajudas técnicas; combate ao isolamento; mobilização de recursos informais, de serviços de saúde e sociais; transmissão de informação sobre a doença e problemas com ela relacionados. Comentário: Os efeitos tardios da poliomielite podem ser minimizados nos seus sintomas mediante determinadas orientações. A sua gestão efetiva exige um olhar plural e holístico, cabendo ao médico de família identificar o cluster de sinais e sintomas presentes, bem como as suas repercussões psicossociais e, consoante estes, definir um plano terapêutico individualizado. Introduction: Many survivors of polio develop complications after a period of clinical stability. This case report demonstrates the need for the family physician to become familiar with the multiple facets of the late effects of polio and to recognize them as a disease entity. Description of the case: A 69 year-old woman had polio with sequelae. Her life story showed how the struggle to overcome deficiency was central to her trajectory. Decades after the onset of the acute disease, she presented with progressive complaints of muscle weakness, fatigue, myalgia, polyarthralgia, tingling of her hands, and depression. This caused increasing functional disability, intolerance to cold, urinary incontinence, sleep disturbance, and fasciculation. Physical examination and diagnostic tests showed chronic nerve injury in the lower limbs, carpal tunnel syndrome, and various musculoskeletal disorders. Faced with new symptoms, old feelings associated with disability that she felt she had overcome, were awakened. The treatment plan involved a multidisciplinary team. It included control of symptoms and disease progression, treating coexisting psychopathology, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, changes in her housing, prescription of assistive devices, combating isolation, mobilization of informal resources, health and social services, and transmission of information about the disease and related problems. Comment: The late effects of polio can be minimized by following suggested guidelines. Effective management requires a doctor who can identify the characteristic cluster of signs and symptoms and their psychosocial effects and formulate an individualized treatment plan.

Published
2015

6. Effective perinatal intensive care in europe (epice): project description and first results in Portugal

Author

Barros, Henrique, Rodrigues, Carina, Costa, Raquel, Baía, Inês, Rodrigues, Teresa, Machado, Maria do Céu, Graça, Luís, Carrapato, Rui, Couto, Adelina Sá, Lopes, Aldina, Almeida, Alexandra, Portela, Alexandrina, Vilas Boas, Alice, Pereira, Almerinda, Aroso, Ana, Berdeja, Ana, Bettencourt, Ana, Campos, Ana, Santos, Ana Castilho, Machado, Ana Isabel, Andrade, Ana Maria, Bento, Ana Melo, Neto, Ana, Pita, Ana, Ferreira, Ana Rute, Tavares, Angelina, Costa, Anselmo, Nazaré, Antónia, Braga, António, Fonseca, António, Lanhoso, António, Vilarinho, António, Gomes, Ariana, Sousa, Beatriz, Marinho, Carla, Sá, Carla, Moniz, Carlos, Carvalho, Cármen, Dâmaso, Catarina, Araújo, Célia, Dias, Clara Paz, Araújo, Cláudia, Casanova, Conceição, Cunha, Conceição, Murinello, Conceição Faria, Telhado, Conceição, Didelet, Cristina, Leite, Cristina, Martins, Cristina, Trindade, Cristina, Almeida, Daniela, Pena, Domingos Jardim da, Oliveira, Dulce, Reis, Eduarda, Fernandes, Eduardo, Casal, Ester, Gaspar, Eurico, Fonseca, Fátima, Romão, Fátima, Matos, Fernanda, Cirurgião, Fernando, Nunes, Filomena, Pereira, Gabriela, Carvalhosa, Glória, Henriques, Graça, Rodrigues, Gustavo, Almeida, Helena, Oliveira, Helena, Sousa, Helena, Guimarães, Hercília, Quelhas, Ilídio, Canelas, Isabel, Silva, Isabel Carolino, Knoch, Isabel, Martins, Isabel, Torres, Jacinto, Saldanha, Joana, Sampaio, Joana, Mendes, João, Marinho, Joaquim, Baltazar, Joaquina, Ribeiro, Jorge, Silva, Jorge, Amorim, José, Furtado, José, Guimarães, José, Fonseca, José Luís, Nogueira, José Miguel, Oliveira, José, Pombeiro, José, Teixeira, José, Calviño, Juan, Marques, Judite, Araújo, Lucília, Caturra, Luís, Serra, Mª do Carmo, Arteaga, Mª Paula, Cabral, Margarida, Pontes, Margarida, Seabra, Margarida, Pinho, Maria Lurdes, Carneiro, Mª José, Furtado, Mário, Paiva, Mário, Cabanas, Marisa, Aguiar, Marta, Barbosa, Marta, Serelha, Micaela, Montenegro, Nuno, Carmo, Olímpia do, Vaz, Óscar, Soares, Osvaldo, Costa, Paula, Pinheiro, Paula, Soares, Paula, Enes, Pedro, Rocha, Pedro, Silva, Pedro, Tiago, Pedro, Maciel, Raquel, Mira, Ricardo, Rodrigues, Rosa, Barroso, Rosalina, Rodrigues, Rosalinda, Mendonça, Rubina, Costa, Rui, Pinto, Rui, Prado, Sara Noéme, Sousa, Susana Gama de, Oliveira, Teresa, Teles, Teresa, Tomé, Teresa, Ventura, Teresa, Martins, Valdemar, Neves, Vítor, Nunes, Zélia, and Zeitlin, Jennifer

Subjects
projeto epice, epice project, perinatal care, recém-nascidos muito pré-termo, infant, cuidados perinatais, premature
Abstract

A melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados pré-natais e dos cuidados intensivos neonatais resultaram, nas últimas décadas, numa continuada diminuição da morbilidade e da mortalidade perinatais e infantis, particularmente de recém-nascidos muito pré-termo. No entanto, há uma grande variabilidade entre unidades de saúde na decisão sobre procedimentos e intervenções, quer a nível nacional quer internacional, que se pode refletir em desigualdades nos resultados em saúde e que importa identificar e compreender. Este artigo tem como objetivos descrever: (1) o projeto europeu “Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe” (EPICE); (2) o estudo piloto desenvolvido na Região Norte de Portugal para testar o protocolo e o instrumento de recolha de dados do estudo de coorte; (3) o recrutamento e amostra final da coorte EPICE-Portugal. O projeto EPICE desenvolve-se em 19 regiões de 11 Estados Membros da União Europeia e tem como objetivo investigar como o conhecimento científico é efetivamente aplicado no acompanhamento de recém-nascidos muito pré-termo, usando metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas. Em Portugal, o estudo integra todas as unidades públicas de obstetrícia e neonatologia da região Norte e de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (LVT), bem como três unidades privadas de LVT. Os procedimentos do estudo (recrutamento e questionários) foram testados em quatro unidades hospitalares da região Norte de Portugal, através da recolha de informação do processo clínico de 21 nados-vivos, entre maio e dezembro de 2010, sobre a gravidez e os cuidados pré-natais, o parto, os cuidados neonatais e a alta hospitalar, usando um formulário estruturado. O estudo piloto permitiu testar o instrumento de recolha de dados e verificar que, em geral, a informação registada nos processos era suficiente para assegurar a implementação do projeto EPICE em Portugal. O recrutamento da coorte EPICE-Portugal decorreu entre 1 de junho de 2011 e 31 de maio de 2012, tendo sido identificados 724 nados-vivos muito pré-termo, bem como 95 interrupções médicas da gravidez e 155 mortes fetais com idade gestacional entre as 22+0 e as 31+6 semanas de gestação. Dos 724 nados-vivos, 607 tiveram alta hospitalar, tendo sido obtidos 544 (89,6%) consentimentos para as avaliações de seguimento. In the last decades, the improvement of antenatal and neonatal care led to a continued decrease in perinatal and infant morbidity and mortality, particularly for very preterm infants. However, there is a great variability in medical procedures and interventions across health units, both at national and international levels, which can result in avoidable inequalities in health outcomes. This study intends to describe (1) the European project “Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe” (EPICE), designed to identify and understand such variation; (2) the pilot study conducted in the Northern Region of Portugal to test the protocol and the questionnaire for data collection and (3) the recruitment and final sample of the EPICE-Portugal cohort. The EPICE project includes 19 regions from 11 EU Member states and aims to explore how scientific knowledge is effectively applied to monitor very preterm infants, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. In Portugal, this study involves all the public maternity and neonatal intensive care units from Northern and Lisbon and Tagus Valley (LVT) regions, along with 3 private units from LVT. The study procedures (recruitment and questionnaires) were tested in 4 hospitals in the Northern region of Portugal, by collecting information from the clinical records of 21 live births, born between May and December 2010. Data on pregnancy and prenatal care, childbirth, neonatal care and discharge was collected using a structured questionnaire. The pilot study tested data collection instruments and showed that, in general, the information documented in clinical records was enough to answer the questionnaire items, guaranteeing the feasibility of the EPICE project in Portugal. The EPICE-Portugal recruitment occurred between 1st june 2011 and 31st May 2012, identifying 724 very preterm live-births, as well as 95 terminations of pregnancy and 155 fetal deaths, from 22+0 to 31+6 weeks of gestation. The 724 live births resulted in 607 babies discharge alive, and written informed consent for the follow-up evaluations was obtained for 544 (89.6%) infants.

Published
2014

7. Illness far from home: psychosocial challenges and coping

Author

Ventura, Teresa

Subjects
Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde, Impacto Psicossocial, Stress Psicológico, Adaptation, Psychological, Psychosocial Impact, Adaptação Psicológica, Health Services Accessibility, Stress, Psychological, Cancro, Cancer
Abstract

Introdução: A adaptação a um diagnóstico de cancro tem aspetos comuns a todos os doentes, não obstante o percurso individualizado de cada um. No presente caso ilustramos como os desafios colocados à doente foram moldados pelas suas circunstâncias específicas. Descrição do caso: Mulher de 53 anos, empresária, natural e residente num país africano, a quem foi diagnosticado cancro da mama durante uma estadia em Portugal. A doença e as suas repercussões foram percebidas de forma muito negativa pela doente. A reação inicial foi claramente aversiva. Longe de casa para se tratar, nunca se sentiu integrada (apesar de acompanhada por familiares). Experimentou dificuldades financeiras, agravadas pela instabilidade política no seu país de origem. Com o decorrer do tempo ficou a conhecer melhor a doença, ultrapassou alguns desafios e adaptou-se às alterações na sua vida. Acabou por aceitar as suas novas circunstâncias, sendo capaz de projetar o seu futuro de forma construtiva. Comentário: A distância geográfica entre os locais de residência e de tratamento aumenta as exigências psicossociais do adoecer. Este caso demonstra a adoção de uma variedade de estratégias de coping, em relação com avaliações e reavaliações das circunstâncias. O coping tem múltiplas funções, incluindo a regulação emocional e a gestão dos problemas que causam distress. O coping permite, com base na resiliência pessoal, o controlo e resolução dos problemas ou a aceitação das circunstâncias quando a mudança não é possível. Este caso mostra como os desafios da doença podem ser ultrapassados, mesmo em situações difíceis. O médico de família pode acompanhar a adaptação da pessoa à doença crónica e promover a sua funcionalidade. Isto implica gerir emoções, incluindo a modificação das emoções negativas da doente relativamente à doença. Introduction: Adaptation to a diagnosis of cancer has aspects common to all patients, regardless of the path each individual takes. In this case, we show how the challenges faced by the patient were shaped by their specific circumstances. Description of the case: A 53-year-old businesswoman from an African country was diagnosed with breast cancer during a visit to Portugal. The patient perceived the disease and its effects negatively. The initial reaction was clearly aversive. She was far from home during treatment and never felt integrated despite the presence of relatives. She experienced economic difficulties, which were aggravated by political turmoil in her country of origin. With time, she came to know the disease better, overcame some challenges, and became adjusted to the changes in her life. Finally she accepted her new circumstances and was able to plan her future constructively. Comment: Geographical distance between home and the place of treatment increases the psychosocial demands of a disease. This case shows the adoption of a variety of coping strategies with assessment and reassessment of the circumstances. Coping has multiple functions, including emotional regulation and management of problems that cause distress. Coping, based on personal resilience, allows for control and resolution of problems or acceptance of circumstances when change is not possible. This case shows how challenges of a disease can be overcome, even in difficult situations. The general practitioner can follow the adaptation of the person to chronic disease and promote function. This involves managing emotions, including modification of the patient’s negative emotions about the disease.

Published
2014

8. Gaguez na infância: Ritmos e relações familiares - Um estudo de caso

Author

Ventura, Teresa Riscado Duarte Gregório

Subjects
Gaguez, Separation-individuation, Infância, Relational dynamics, Ritmo, Dinâmica relacional, Separação-individuação, Rhythm, Stuttering, Childhood
Abstract

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica Encarando a gaguez como uma perturbação da interlocução, mais do que da elocução, pretende-se neste estudo investigar a dinâmica relacional gerada entre a criança que gagueja e a sua família, principalmente a mãe, no sentido de explorar a correlação entre as dinâmicas familiares e o ritmo da fala dessa criança. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo e exploratório, em que o sujeito é um menino de sete anos com gaguez, seguido em terapia da fala. Os dados para investigação foram recolhidos em contexto habitacional. Os instrumentos a que se recorreu foram: a entrevista semi-estruturada com os pais, para recolha anamnésica; a entrevista R (Stern e outros, 1989) com a mãe, destinada a avaliar as representações mentais maternas; o FRT (Bene & Anthony, 1985), dirigido à criança para aceder à forma como esta se relaciona emocionalmente com os elementos da família; as três provas de ritmo de Mira Stambak, também aplicadas à criança com vista a conhecer alguns aspectos da sua organização temporal, nomeadamente o seu ritmo espontâneo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem, como esperado, alguma perturbação nos ritmos individuais da criança e no seu processo de separação-individuação, assim como uma possível falha na própria construção identitária. Os dados apontam, assim, para uma correlação entre as dinâmicas familiares e o ritmo de fala da criança que gagueja. ------ ABSTRACT ------- Facing stuttering as a disorder of dialogue rather than utterance, this study investigates the relational dynamics between a child who stutters and his family, in particular his mother, aiming to find a possible correlation between the family dynamics and the child speech’s rhythm. This work is a qualitative and exploratory case study, in which the subject is a stammering seven years old boy, attending speech therapy. The data for this research was collected in the child home enviroment. The analisis instruments used were: a semi-structured interview with the parents, for the anamnesis; interview R (Stern and others, 1989) with the mother, to assess the maternal representation, the FRT (Bene & Anthony, 1985 ) applied to the child to assess how he relates emotionally with the other elements of the family, the three Mira Stambak’s rhythm tests, also applied to the child in order to evaluate some aspects of his temporal organization, namely spontaneous rhythm. The results suggest, as expected, some disturbance in the child's individual rhythm and separation-individuation process, as well as a possible failure in his identity construction. The data suggests a correlation between family dynamics and rhythm of speech in the stuttering child.

Published
2012

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