1,218 results on '"Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex"'
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2. 社会疼痛情绪调节的神经机制.
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莫李澄, 李思瑾, and 张丹丹
- Abstract
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- 2024
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3. Sex differences in the relationship between brain gray matter volume and psychological resilience in late adolescence.
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Pan, Nanfang, Yang, Cheng, Suo, Xueling, Shekara, Aniruddha, Hu, Samantha, Gong, Qiyong, and Wang, Song
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BRAIN physiology , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *INSULAR cortex , *RESEARCH funding , *SEX distribution , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GRAY matter (Nerve tissue) , *HYPOTHALAMIC-pituitary-adrenal axis - Abstract
Psychological resilience reflects an individual's ability to adapt and cope successfully in adverse environments and situations, making it a crucial trait in resisting stress-linked mental disorders and physical diseases. Although prior literature has consistently shown that males are more resilient than females, the sex-linked neuroanatomical correlates of psychological resilience are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the sex-specific relation between psychological resilience and brain gray matter volume (GMV) in adolescents via structural magnetic resonance imaging (s-MRI). A cohort of 231 healthy adolescents (121/110 females/males), aged 16 to 20 completed brain s-MRI scanning and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and other controlling behavioral tests. With s-MRI data, an optimized voxel-based morphometry method was used to estimate regional GMV, and a whole-brain condition-by-covariate interaction analysis was performed to identify the brain regions showing sex effects on the relation between psychological resilience and GMV. Male adolescents scored significantly higher than females on the CD-RISC. The association of psychological resilience with GMV differed between the two sex groups in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex extending to the adjacent anterior insula, with a positive correlation among males and a negative correlation among females. The sex-specific association between psychological resilience and GMV might be linked to sex differences in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and brain maturation during adolescence. This study may be novel in revealing the sex-linked neuroanatomical basis of psychological resilience, highlighting the need for a more thorough investigation of the role of sex in future studies of psychological resilience and stress-related illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Sex modulated the relationship between trait approach motivation and decision-making
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Xiaoyi Li, Ofir Turel, and Qinghua He
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Behavioral approach system ,Decision-making ,Iowa gambling task ,Sex difference ,Resting-state fMRI ,Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
It has been observed that one's Behavioral Approach System (BAS) can have an effect on decision-making under uncertainty, although the results have been mixed. To discern the underlying neural substrates, we hypothesize that sex may explain the conflicting results. To test this idea, a large sample of participants was studied using resting state fMRI, utilizing fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) and Resting-State Functional Connectivity (rsFC) techniques. The results of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) revealed an interaction between sex and BAS, particularly in the last 60 trials (decision-making under risk). Males with high BAS showed poorer performance than those with low BAS. fALFF analysis showed a significant interaction between BAS group and sex in the left superior occipital gyrus, as well as the functional connectivity between this region and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, this functional connectivity was further positively correlated with male performance in the IGT, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. Furthermore, it was found that the functional connectivity between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left superior occipital gyrus could mediate the relationship between BAS and decision-making in males, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. These results suggest possible sex-based differences in decision-making, providing an explanation for the inconsistent results found in prior research. Since the research was carried out exclusively with Chinese university students, it is essential to conduct further studies to investigate whether the findings can be generalized.
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- 2024
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5. Enhancing ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation mitigates social pain and modifies subsequent social attitudes: Insights from TMS and fMRI
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Sijin Li, Xueying Cao, Yiwei Li, Yuyao Tang, Si Cheng, and Dandan Zhang
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Social pain ,Social feedback ,Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Hippocampus ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Social attitude ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Social pain, a multifaceted emotional response triggered by interpersonal rejection or criticism, profoundly impacts mental well-being and social interactions. While prior research has implicated the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in mitigating social pain, the precise neural mechanisms and downstream effects on subsequent social attitudes remain elusive. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with fMRI recordings during a social pain task to elucidate these aspects. Eighty participants underwent either active TMS targeting the rVLPFC (n = 41) or control stimulation at the vertex (n = 39). Our results revealed that TMS-induced rVLPFC facilitation significantly reduced self-reported social pain, confirming the causal role of the rVLPFC in social pain relief. Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated enhanced interactions between the rVLPFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, emphasizing the collaborative engagement of prefrontal regions in emotion regulation. Significantly, we observed that negative social feedback led to negative social attitudes, whereas rVLPFC activation countered this detrimental effect, showcasing the potential of the rVLPFC as a protective buffer against adverse social interactions. Moreover, our study uncovered the impact role of the hippocampus in subsequent social attitudes, a relationship particularly pronounced during excitatory TMS over the rVLPFC. These findings offer promising avenues for improving mental health within the intricate dynamics of social interactions. By advancing our comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying social pain relief, this research introduces novel intervention strategies for individuals grappling with social distress. Empowering individuals to modulate rVLPFC activation may facilitate reshaping social attitudes and successful reintegration into communal life.
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- 2024
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6. The role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex on voluntary emotion regulation of social pain.
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Yu, Wenwen, Li, Yiwei, Cao, Xueying, Mo, Licheng, Chen, Yuming, and Zhang, Dandan
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EMOTION regulation , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *ATTITUDE change (Psychology) , *PROSOCIAL behavior , *SOCIAL attitudes - Abstract
The right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) is highly engaged in emotion regulation of social pain. However, there is still lack of both inhibition and excitement evidence to prove the causal relationship between this brain region and voluntary emotion regulation. This study used high‐frequency (10 Hz) and low‐frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to separately activate or inhibit the rVLPFC in two groups of participants. We recorded participants' emotion ratings as well as their social attitude and prosocial behaviors following emotion regulation. Also, we used eye tracker to record the changes of pupil diameter to measure emotional feelings objectively. A total of 108 healthy participants were randomly assigned to the activated, inhibitory or sham rTMS groups. They were required to accomplish three sequential tasks: the emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) task, the favorability rating task, and the donation task. Results show that the rVLPFC‐inhibitory group reported more negative emotions and showed larger pupil diameter while the rVLPFC‐activated group showed less negative emotions and reduced pupil diameter during emotion regulation (both compared with the sham rTMS group). In addition, the activated group gave more positive social evaluation to peers and donated more money to a public welfare activity than the rVLPFC‐inhibitory group, among which the change of social attitude was mediated by regulated emotion. Taken together, these findings reveal that the rVLPFC plays a causal role in voluntary emotion regulation of social pain and can be a potential brain target in treating deficits of emotion regulation in psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. The VLPFC-Engaged Voluntary Emotion Regulation: Combined TMS-fMRI Evidence for the Neural Circuit of Cognitive Reappraisal.
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Zhenhong He, Sijin Li, Licheng Mo, Zixin Zheng, Yiwei Li, Hong Li, and Dandan Zhang
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NEURAL circuitry , *EMOTION regulation , *AMYGDALOID body , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *ANXIETY disorders , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *INSULAR cortex - Abstract
A clear understanding of the neural circuit underlying emotion regulation (ER) is important for both basic and translational research. However, a lack of evidence based on combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques calls into question (1) whether the change of prefrontal-subcortical activity intrinsically and causally contributes to the ER effect; and (2) whether the prefrontal control system directly modulates the subcortical affective system. Accordingly, we combined fMRI recordings with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to map the causal connections between the PFC and subcortical affective structures (amygdala and insula). A total of 117 human adult participants (57 males and 60 females) were included in the study. The results revealed that TMS-induced ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) facilitation led to enhanced activity in the VLPFC and ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) as well as attenuated activity in the amygdala and insula during reappraisal but not during nonreappraisal (i.e., baseline). Moreover, the activated VLPFC intensified the prefrontal-subcortical couplings via the VMPFC during reappraisal only. This study provides combined TMS-fMRI evidence that downregulating negative emotion involves the prefrontal control system suppressing the subcortical affective system, with the VMPFC serving as a crucial hub within the VLPFC-subcortical network, suggesting an indirect pathway model of the ER circuit. Our findings outline potential protocols for improving ER ability by intensifying the VLPFC-VMPFC coupling in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Electric field distribution predicts efficacy of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation for late-life depression.
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Quinn, Davin K., Upston, Joel, Jones, Thomas R., Gibson, Benjamin C., Olmstead, Tessa A., Yang, Justine, Price, Allison M., Bowers-Wu, Dorothy H., Durham, Erick, Hazlewood, Shawn, Farrar, Danielle C., Miller, Jeremy, Lloyd, Megan O., Garcia, Crystal A., Ojeda, Cesar J., Hager, Brant W., Vakhtin, Andrei A., and Abbott, Christopher C.
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ELECTRIC fields ,TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,CEREBRAL atrophy ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Introduction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising intervention for late-life depression (LLD) but may have lower rates of response and remission owing to age-related brain changes. In particular, rTMS induced electric field strength may be attenuated by cortical atrophy in the prefrontal cortex. To identify clinical characteristics and treatment parameters associated with response, we undertook a pilot study of accelerated fMRI-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 25 adults aged 50 or greater diagnosed with LLD and qualifying to receive clinical rTMS. Methods: Participants underwent baseline behavioral assessment, cognitive testing, and structural and functional MRI to generate individualized targets and perform electric field modeling. Forty-five sessions of iTBS were delivered over 9 days (1800 pulses per session, 50-min inter-session interval). Assessments and testing were repeated after 15 sessions (Visit 2) and 45 sessions (Visit 3). Primary outcome measure was the change in depressive symptoms on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-30-Clinician (IDS-C-30) from Visit 1 to Visit 3. Results: Overall there was a significant improvement in IDS score with the treatment (Visit 1: 38.6; Visit 2: 31.0; Visit 3: 21.3; mean improvement 45.5%) with 13/25 (52%) achieving response and 5/25 (20%) achieving remission (IDS-C-30 < 12). Electric field strength and antidepressant effect were positively correlated in a subregion of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) (Brodmann area 47) and negatively correlated in the posterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Conclusion: Response and remission rates were lower than in recently published trials of accelerated fMRI-guided iTBS to the left DLPFC. These results suggest that sufficient electric field strength in VLPFC may be a contributor to effective rTMS, and that modeling to optimize electric field strength in this area may improve response and remission rates. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship of induced electric field strength with antidepressant effects of rTMS for LLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. The role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in performance of spatial self-ordered response sequences in the marmoset
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Axelsson, Sebastian Folke Amandus and Robbins, Trevor
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Marmoset ,Ventrolateral Prefrontal cortex ,Self-ordered Sequencing - Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in primates plays an important role in cognitive control and working memory, but as argued in the Introduction its contribution to those aspects of goal-directed behaviour such as planning and executing spatial response sequences requires further analysis, using more refined methods than have been employed hitherto. These studies investigated the role of vlPFC in performance of self-ordered response sequences using intra-cerebral microinfusions of specific pharmacologic agents in the common marmoset. Following a description of the necessary methodology, including behavioural training and surgical details (Chapter 2), a causal role for vlPFC in performance of spatial-self ordered sequences was confirmed in Chapter 3 by demonstrating that local inactivation of vlPFC using muscimol/baclofen infusions impairs sequencing. This effect was shown to be selective to performance of sequences that varied spatially from trial to trial; thus, no effects of vlPFC inactivation were observed for performance of a fixed response sequence. Once animals could learn a heuristical strategy for a self-ordered fixed sequence, vlPFC inactivation no longer impaired performance. Chapter 4 investigated the effects of the chemical neuromodulation of vlPFC on self-ordered sequencing using microinfusions of dopamine receptor D2 antagonist, sulpiride, and 5HT2A receptor antagonist, M100907 on performance of variable sequences. These drugs produced contrasting, dose-dependent impairments. M100907 impaired accuracy, while sulpiride impaired error correction. Chapter 5 studied effects of blocking glutamatergic receptors in a region of the caudate nucleus to which the vlPFC projects, but no significant effects on sequencing accuracy were observed, although there were large effects on perseverative errors in 2 out of 3 animals. The findings are discussed in Chapter 6 in terms of the functioning of the vlPFC and its possible role in controlling flexible response sequencing and working memory. The findings are shown to be of relevance for psychiatric disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, which show functional dysconnectivity of the vlPFC in association with response sequencing impairments.
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- 2020
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10. Electric field distribution predicts efficacy of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation for late-life depression
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Davin K. Quinn, Joel Upston, Thomas R. Jones, Benjamin C. Gibson, Tessa A. Olmstead, Justine Yang, Allison M. Price, Dorothy H. Bowers-Wu, Erick Durham, Shawn Hazlewood, Danielle C. Farrar, Jeremy Miller, Megan O. Lloyd, Crystal A. Garcia, Cesar J. Ojeda, Brant W. Hager, Andrei A. Vakhtin, and Christopher C. Abbott
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late-life depression ,accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation ,neuronavigation ,induced electric field ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
IntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising intervention for late-life depression (LLD) but may have lower rates of response and remission owing to age-related brain changes. In particular, rTMS induced electric field strength may be attenuated by cortical atrophy in the prefrontal cortex. To identify clinical characteristics and treatment parameters associated with response, we undertook a pilot study of accelerated fMRI-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 25 adults aged 50 or greater diagnosed with LLD and qualifying to receive clinical rTMS.MethodsParticipants underwent baseline behavioral assessment, cognitive testing, and structural and functional MRI to generate individualized targets and perform electric field modeling. Forty-five sessions of iTBS were delivered over 9 days (1800 pulses per session, 50-min inter-session interval). Assessments and testing were repeated after 15 sessions (Visit 2) and 45 sessions (Visit 3). Primary outcome measure was the change in depressive symptoms on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-30-Clinician (IDS-C-30) from Visit 1 to Visit 3.ResultsOverall there was a significant improvement in IDS score with the treatment (Visit 1: 38.6; Visit 2: 31.0; Visit 3: 21.3; mean improvement 45.5%) with 13/25 (52%) achieving response and 5/25 (20%) achieving remission (IDS-C-30
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- 2023
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11. A preliminary study on predictors of treatment response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with treatment‐resistant depression in Japan
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Haruki Ikawa, Mamoru Tochigi, Yoshihiro Noda, Hiroshi Oba, Tatsuro Kaminaga, Keita Sakurai, Emi Ikebuchi, Naoki Hayashi, and Hiroshi Kunugi
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arterial spin labeling ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ,treatment‐resistant depression ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background Brain imaging studies have reported that the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is associated with the activities of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, few studies have been conducted in Japanese patients. Aim We aimed to identify brain regions associated with depressive symptom changes by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the DLPFC and VMPFC before and after the high‐frequency rTMS to the left DLPFC in Japanese patients with treatment‐resistant depression. Method Fourteen patients participated in the rTMS study and were assessed with the 17‐item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM‐D17). Among them, 13 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain using the arterial spin labeling method. The rCBF was calculated using the fine stereotactic region of interest template (FineSRT) program for automated analysis. We focused on eight regions reported in previous studies. Results Depression severity significantly decreased after 2 week (HAM‐D17:11.4 ± 2.8, P = 0.00027) and 4 week (HAM‐D17: 11.0 ± 3.7, P = 0.0023) of rTMS treatment. There was no significant change in rCBF at each region in the pre‐post design. However, there was a significantly negative correlation between baseline rCBF in the right DLPFC and the improvement in HAM‐D17 score (r = −0.559, P = 0.047). Conclusion We obtained supportive evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS to the prefrontal cortex in treatment‐resistant depression, which may be associated with reduced rCBF of the right DLPFC before initiation of rTMS.
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- 2022
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12. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is part of the modular working memory system: A functional neuroanatomical perspective.
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Segal, Orin and Elkana, Odelia
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SHORT-term memory ,EXECUTIVE function ,PARIETAL lobe ,BASAL ganglia ,NEUROANATOMY ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
For many years, the functional role of the ventrolateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) was associated with executive functions, specifically in the context of non-affective cognitive processes. However, recent research has suggested that the ventrolateral PFC is also involved in the attention system. The Ben Shalom model of the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex (2019) posits that the ventrolateral PFC selects perceptual stimuli after integration by the adjacent ventromedial PFC. This article reviews the state-of-the-art findings to better understand the role of the ventrolateral PFC in the selection of perceptual information as grounded in the Ben Shalom model. Numerous studies have reported converging evidence for the selective role of this area. However, most argue that this perceptual selection takes place through the active updating of information values linked to goal-oriented actions. These studies thus view the ventrolateral PFC as part of a system that actively manipulates and changes processed information such as the working memory function, rather than being part of the attention system. In agreement with this view, this review suggests that this area is part of a complex and modular working memory system and illustrates with reference to Diamond's work on ADD. This working memory system is functionally and anatomically dispersed and includes the dorsolateral PFC, the ACC, the parietal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Hence, future research should continue to explore the specific neurofunctional roles of these areas in working memory systems, and the connections between the different subareas in this complex array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is part of the modular working memory system: A functional neuroanatomical perspective
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Orin Segal and Odelia Elkana
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vlPFC ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,working memory ,functional neuroanatomical framework ,lateral OFC ,inattentiveness ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Human anatomy ,QM1-695 - Abstract
For many years, the functional role of the ventrolateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) was associated with executive functions, specifically in the context of non-affective cognitive processes. However, recent research has suggested that the ventrolateral PFC is also involved in the attention system. The Ben Shalom model of the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex (2019) posits that the ventrolateral PFC selects perceptual stimuli after integration by the adjacent ventromedial PFC. This article reviews the state-of-the-art findings to better understand the role of the ventrolateral PFC in the selection of perceptual information as grounded in the Ben Shalom model. Numerous studies have reported converging evidence for the selective role of this area. However, most argue that this perceptual selection takes place through the active updating of information values linked to goal-oriented actions. These studies thus view the ventrolateral PFC as part of a system that actively manipulates and changes processed information such as the working memory function, rather than being part of the attention system. In agreement with this view, this review suggests that this area is part of a complex and modular working memory system and illustrates with reference to Diamond’s work on ADD. This working memory system is functionally and anatomically dispersed and includes the dorsolateral PFC, the ACC, the parietal cortex, the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Hence, future research should continue to explore the specific neurofunctional roles of these areas in working memory systems, and the connections between the different subareas in this complex array.
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- 2023
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14. A preliminary study on predictors of treatment response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with treatment‐resistant depression in Japan.
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Ikawa, Haruki, Tochigi, Mamoru, Noda, Yoshihiro, Oba, Hiroshi, Kaminaga, Tatsuro, Sakurai, Keita, Ikebuchi, Emi, Hayashi, Naoki, and Kunugi, Hiroshi
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *HAMILTON Depression Inventory , *MENTAL depression , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *CEREBRAL circulation - Abstract
Background: Brain imaging studies have reported that the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is associated with the activities of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). However, few studies have been conducted in Japanese patients. Aim: We aimed to identify brain regions associated with depressive symptom changes by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the DLPFC and VMPFC before and after the high‐frequency rTMS to the left DLPFC in Japanese patients with treatment‐resistant depression. Method: Fourteen patients participated in the rTMS study and were assessed with the 17‐item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM‐D17). Among them, 13 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain using the arterial spin labeling method. The rCBF was calculated using the fine stereotactic region of interest template (FineSRT) program for automated analysis. We focused on eight regions reported in previous studies. Results: Depression severity significantly decreased after 2 week (HAM‐D17:11.4 ± 2.8, P = 0.00027) and 4 week (HAM‐D17: 11.0 ± 3.7, P = 0.0023) of rTMS treatment. There was no significant change in rCBF at each region in the pre‐post design. However, there was a significantly negative correlation between baseline rCBF in the right DLPFC and the improvement in HAM‐D17 score (r = −0.559, P = 0.047). Conclusion: We obtained supportive evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS to the prefrontal cortex in treatment‐resistant depression, which may be associated with reduced rCBF of the right DLPFC before initiation of rTMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Behavior-related visual activations in the auditory cortex of nonhuman primates.
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Huang, Ying and Brosch, Michael
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AUDITORY cortex , *VISUAL perception , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *MONKEYS , *SENSORIMOTOR integration - Abstract
While it is well established that sensory cortical regions traditionally thought to be unimodal can be activated by stimuli from modalities other than the dominant one, functions of such foreign-modal activations are still not clear. Here we show that visual activations in early auditory cortex can be related to whether or not the monkeys engaged in audio-visual tasks, to the time when the monkeys reacted to the visual component of such tasks, and to the correctness of the monkeys' response to the auditory component of such tasks. These relationships between visual activations and behavior suggest that auditory cortex can be recruited for visually-guided behavior and that visual activations can prime auditory cortex such that it is prepared for processing future sounds. Our study thus provides evidence that foreign-modal activations in sensory cortex can contribute to a subject's ability to perform tasks on stimuli from foreign and dominant modalities. • Visual stimuli can activate the early auditory cortex of nonhuman primates. • Visual activations in the auditory cortex occur in different audio-visual tasks and for different visual stimuli. • Visual activations in the auditory cortex can be related to the monkeys' behavioral responses to both the visual and the auditory component of the audio-visual tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. When Less is More: Mindfulness Predicts Adaptive Affective Responding to Rejection via Reduced Prefrontal Recruitment
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Martelli, Alexandra M, Chester, David S, Brown, Kirk Warren, Eisenberger, Naomi I, and DeWall, C Nathan
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Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Mind and Body ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Brain Disorders ,Neurological ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adaptation ,Psychological ,Affect ,Attention ,Brain Mapping ,Female ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Mindfulness ,Neuroimaging ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Recruitment ,Neurophysiological ,Rejection ,Psychology ,Young Adult ,mindfulness ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,social rejection ,emotion-regulation ,fMRI ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental Psychology - Abstract
Social rejection is a distressing and painful event that many people must cope with on a frequent basis. Mindfulness-defined here as a mental state of receptive attentiveness to internal and external stimuli as they arise, moment-to-moment-may buffer such social distress. However, little research indicates whether mindful individuals adaptively regulate the distress of rejection-or the neural mechanisms underlying this potential capacity. To fill these gaps in the literature, participants reported their trait mindfulness and then completed a social rejection paradigm (Cyberball) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Approximately 1 hour after the rejection incident, participants reported their level of distress during rejection (i.e. social distress). Mindfulness was associated with less distress during rejection. This relation was mediated by lower activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during the rejection incident, a brain region reliably associated with the inhibition of negative affect. Mindfulness was also correlated with less functional connectivity between the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral amygdala and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which play a critical role in the generation of social distress. Mindfulness may relate to effective coping with rejection by not over-activating top-down regulatory mechanisms, potentially resulting in more effective long-term emotion-regulation.
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- 2018
17. Dynamic and stable population coding of attentional instructions coexist in the prefrontal cortex.
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Sapountzis, Panagiotis, Paneri, Sofia, Papadopoulos, Sotirios, and Gregoriou, Georgia G.
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PREFRONTAL cortex , *COLOR codes , *SHORT-term memory , *SPATIAL memory - Abstract
A large body of recent work suggests that neural representations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) are changing over time to adapt to task demands. However, it remains unclear whether and how such dynamic coding schemes depend on the encoded variable and are influenced by anatomical constraints. Using a cued attention task and multivariate classification methods, we show that neuronal ensembles in PFC encode and retain in working memory spatial and color attentional instructions in an anatomically specific manner. Spatial instructions could be decoded both from the frontal eye field (FEF) and the ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC) population, albeit more robustly from FEF, whereas color instructions were decoded more robustly from vlPFC. Decoding spatial and color information from vlPFC activity in the high-dimensional state space indicated stronger dynamics for color, across the cue presentation and memory periods. The change in the color code was largely due to rapid changes in the network state during the transition to the delay period. However, we found that dynamic vlPFC activity contained time-invariant color information within a low-dimensional subspace of neural activity that allowed for stable decoding of color across time. Furthermore, spatial attention influenced decoding of stimuli features profoundly in vlPFC, but less so in visual area V4. Overall, our results suggest that dynamic population coding of attentional instructions within PFC is shaped by anatomical constraints and can coexist with stable subspace coding that allows time-invariant decoding of information about the future target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. The causal role of the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortices on emotion regulation of social feedback.
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Li, Sijin, Xie, Hui, Zheng, Zixin, Chen, Weimao, Xu, Feng, Hu, Xiaoqing, and Zhang, Dandan
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EMOTION regulation , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *COLLECTIVE memory , *PAIN , *REWARD (Psychology) - Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortices (VLPFC) are crucial regions involved in voluntary emotion regulation. However, the lateralization of the VLPFC in downregulating negative emotions remains unclear; and whether the causal role of the VLPFC is generalizable to upregulating positive emotions is unexplored. This study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the causal relationship between the left/right VLPFC and social emotion reappraisal. One hundred and twenty participants were randomly assigned to either active (left and right VLPFC groups, n = 40/40) or sham (vertex, n = 40) TMS groups. Participants were instructed to passively receive social feedback or use reappraisal strategies to positively regulate their emotions. While the subjective emotional rating showed that the bilateral VLPFC facilitated the reappraisal success, the electrophysiological measure of the late positive potential (LPP) demonstrated a more critical role of the right VLPFC on social pain relief (decreased LPP amplitudes) and social reward magnification (enhanced LPP amplitudes). In addition, the influence of emotion regulation on social evaluation was found to be mediated by the memory of social feedback, indicating the importance of memory in social behavioral shaping. These findings suggest clinical protocols for the rehabilitation of emotion‐regulatory function in patients with affective and social disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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19. Different Roles of the Left and Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Reappraisal: An Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.
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Cheng, Si, Qiu, Xiufu, Li, Sijin, Mo, Licheng, Xu, Feng, and Zhang, Dandan
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,SEMANTIC memory ,SOCIAL marginality ,EMOTION regulation - Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) plays a pivotal role in cognitive reappraisal. Previous studies suggested a functional asymmetry of the bilateral VLPFC, but the evidence is still insufficient during cognitive reappraisal. In this study, we conducted an online single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) to investigate the causal and distinct roles of the left and right VLPFC in reappraisal. Participants were instructed to reappraise (down-regulate) or attend to pictures depicting social exclusion scenarios while the spTMS was applied over the left or right VLPFC of the participants' brains. The results showed that spTMS of either the left or the right VLPFC would increase reappraisal difficulty. Meanwhile, the outcome of reappraisal (measured by self-reported negative feelings) significantly deteriorated when the right (but not the left) VLPFC was temporally interrupted by spTMS, while the verbal fluency during oral reporting of the reappraisal strategy was significantly reduced when the left VLPFC was interrupted by spTMS. Taken together, these findings provide causal evidence for the involvement of left and right VLPFC with distinct roles: while the left VLPFC is responsible for the linguistic especially semantic process of generating and selecting appraisals according to the goal of emotion regulation, the right VLPFC plays a critical role in inhibiting inappropriate negative emotions and thoughts generated by the effective scenarios. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanism of emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. Offset-related brain activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex promotes long-term memory formation of verbal events
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Angela Medvedeva, Rebecca Saw, Carla Silvestri, Miroslav Sirota, Giorgio Fuggetta, and Giulia Galli
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Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Long-term memory ,rTMS ,Episodic memory formation ,Verbal memory ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that brain activity following the offset of a stimulus during encoding contributes to long-term memory formation, however the exact mechanisms underlying offset-related encoding are still unclear. Objectives: Here, in three repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies (rTMS) we investigated offset-related activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). rTMS was administered at different points in time around stimulus offset while participants encoded visually-presented words or pairs of words. The analyses focused on the effects of the stimulation on subsequent memory performance. Results: rTMS administered at the offset of the stimuli, but not during online encoding, disrupted subsequent memory performance. In Experiment 1 we found that rTMS specifically disrupted encoding mechanisms initiated by the offset of the stimuli rather than general, post-stimulus processes. Experiment 2 showed that this effect was not dependent upon rTMS-induced somatosensory effects. In a third rTMS experiment we further demonstrated a robust decline in associative memory performance when the stimulation was delivered at the offset of the word pairs, suggesting that offset-related encoding may contribute to the binding of information into an episodic memory trace. Conclusions: The offset of the stimulus may represent an event boundary that promotes the reinstatement of the previously experienced event and episodic binding.
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- 2021
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21. Different Roles of the Left and Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Reappraisal: An Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
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Si Cheng, Xiufu Qiu, Sijin Li, Licheng Mo, Feng Xu, and Dandan Zhang
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ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,emotion regulation ,reappraisal ,online transcranial magnetic stimulation ,social exclusion ,inhibition process ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) plays a pivotal role in cognitive reappraisal. Previous studies suggested a functional asymmetry of the bilateral VLPFC, but the evidence is still insufficient during cognitive reappraisal. In this study, we conducted an online single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) to investigate the causal and distinct roles of the left and right VLPFC in reappraisal. Participants were instructed to reappraise (down-regulate) or attend to pictures depicting social exclusion scenarios while the spTMS was applied over the left or right VLPFC of the participants’ brains. The results showed that spTMS of either the left or the right VLPFC would increase reappraisal difficulty. Meanwhile, the outcome of reappraisal (measured by self-reported negative feelings) significantly deteriorated when the right (but not the left) VLPFC was temporally interrupted by spTMS, while the verbal fluency during oral reporting of the reappraisal strategy was significantly reduced when the left VLPFC was interrupted by spTMS. Taken together, these findings provide causal evidence for the involvement of left and right VLPFC with distinct roles: while the left VLPFC is responsible for the linguistic especially semantic process of generating and selecting appraisals according to the goal of emotion regulation, the right VLPFC plays a critical role in inhibiting inappropriate negative emotions and thoughts generated by the effective scenarios. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanism of emotion regulation.
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
22. Preferences reveal dissociable encoding across prefrontal-limbic circuits.
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Stoll, Frederic M. and Rudebeck, Peter H.
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PREFRONTAL cortex , *FRONTAL lobe , *AMYGDALOID body , *FLUID foods , *FLAVOR , *NEURONS - Abstract
Individual preferences for the flavor of different foods and fluids exert a strong influence on behavior. Most current theories posit that preferences are integrated with other state variables in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which is thought to derive the relative subjective value of available options to guide choice behavior. Here, we report that instead of a single integrated valuation system in the OFC, another complementary one is centered in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in macaques. Specifically, we found that the OFC and vlPFC preferentially represent outcome flavor and outcome probability, respectively, and that preferences are separately integrated into value representations in these areas. In addition, the vlPFC, but not the OFC, represented the probability of receiving the available outcome flavors separately, with the difference between these representations reflecting the degree of preference for each flavor. Thus, both the vlPFC and OFC exhibit dissociable but complementary representations of subjective value, both of which are necessary for decision-making. • Neurons in the vlPFC and OFC signal dissociable aspects of subjective value • vlPFC neurons preferentially represent the probability of receiving an outcome • OFC neurons preferentially represent outcome qualities (e.g., flavor) • Changes in preference differentially influence vlPFC and OFC representations Stoll and Rudebeck recorded the activity of more than 7,700 neurons across the ventral frontal cortex and amygdala in monkeys, revealing neuronal markers of multiple valuation systems, each integrating the animals' preferences in specific ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Enhancing ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation mitigates social pain and modifies subsequent social attitudes: Insights from TMS and fMRI.
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Li, Sijin, Cao, Xueying, Li, Yiwei, Tang, Yuyao, Cheng, Si, and Zhang, Dandan
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SOCIAL attitudes , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *NEURAL circuitry , *REJECTION (Psychology) , *PEOPLE with schizophrenia , *PAIN - Abstract
• TMS with fMRI reveals rVLPFC's causal role in social pain relief, unveiling neural circuits. • rVLPFC activation strengthens DLPFC coupling amid negative social feedback, inversely linked to subjective negativity. • Improved attitudes toward feedback senders were found with rVLPFC activation. • Hippocampus activity impacts subsequent social attitudes, particularly when excitatory TMS over the rVLPFC. • This study reveals neural circuits in TMS-enhanced rVLPFC, proposing interventions for social interactions. Social pain, a multifaceted emotional response triggered by interpersonal rejection or criticism, profoundly impacts mental well-being and social interactions. While prior research has implicated the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in mitigating social pain, the precise neural mechanisms and downstream effects on subsequent social attitudes remain elusive. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with fMRI recordings during a social pain task to elucidate these aspects. Eighty participants underwent either active TMS targeting the rVLPFC (n = 41) or control stimulation at the vertex (n = 39). Our results revealed that TMS-induced rVLPFC facilitation significantly reduced self-reported social pain, confirming the causal role of the rVLPFC in social pain relief. Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated enhanced interactions between the rVLPFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, emphasizing the collaborative engagement of prefrontal regions in emotion regulation. Significantly, we observed that negative social feedback led to negative social attitudes, whereas rVLPFC activation countered this detrimental effect, showcasing the potential of the rVLPFC as a protective buffer against adverse social interactions. Moreover, our study uncovered the impact role of the hippocampus in subsequent social attitudes, a relationship particularly pronounced during excitatory TMS over the rVLPFC. These findings offer promising avenues for improving mental health within the intricate dynamics of social interactions. By advancing our comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying social pain relief, this research introduces novel intervention strategies for individuals grappling with social distress. Empowering individuals to modulate rVLPFC activation may facilitate reshaping social attitudes and successful reintegration into communal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Sex modulated the relationship between trait approach motivation and decision-making.
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Li, Xiaoyi, Turel, Ofir, and He, Qinghua
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DECISION making , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *FUNCTIONAL connectivity , *CHINESE-speaking students , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
• The Iowa Gambling Task revealed an interaction between sex and BAS. • Males with high BAS performed worse than those with low BAS in IGT. • The rsFC of left VLPFC-left SOG is correlated with IGT performance in males. • The rsFC of left VLPFC-left SOG mediates the relationship of BAS and IGT in males. It has been observed that one's Behavioral Approach System (BAS) can have an effect on decision-making under uncertainty, although the results have been mixed. To discern the underlying neural substrates, we hypothesize that sex may explain the conflicting results. To test this idea, a large sample of participants was studied using resting state fMRI, utilizing fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) and Resting-State Functional Connectivity (rsFC) techniques. The results of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) revealed an interaction between sex and BAS, particularly in the last 60 trials (decision-making under risk). Males with high BAS showed poorer performance than those with low BAS. fALFF analysis showed a significant interaction between BAS group and sex in the left superior occipital gyrus, as well as the functional connectivity between this region and the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Additionally, this functional connectivity was further positively correlated with male performance in the IGT, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. Furthermore, it was found that the functional connectivity between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left superior occipital gyrus could mediate the relationship between BAS and decision-making in males, particularly in the decision-making under risk stage. These results suggest possible sex-based differences in decision-making, providing an explanation for the inconsistent results found in prior research. Since the research was carried out exclusively with Chinese university students, it is essential to conduct further studies to investigate whether the findings can be generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Audiovisual Integration in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
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Plakke, Bethany, Romanski, Lizabeth M., Fay, Richard R., Series Editor, Avraham, Karen, Editorial Board Member, Popper, Arthur N., Series Editor, Bass, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Cunningham, Lisa, Editorial Board Member, Fritzsch, Bernd, Editorial Board Member, Groves, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Hertzano, Ronna, Editorial Board Member, Le Prell, Colleen, Editorial Board Member, Litovsky, Ruth, Editorial Board Member, Manis, Paul, Editorial Board Member, Manley, Geoffrey, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Brian, Editorial Board Member, Simmons, Andrea, Editorial Board Member, Yost, William, Editorial Board Member, Lee, Adrian K. C., editor, Wallace, Mark T., editor, and Coffin, Allison B., editor
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- 2019
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26. Placebo analgesia: Self-report measures and preliminary evidence of cortical dopamine release associated with placebo response
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Jarcho, Johanna M, Feier, Natasha A, Labus, Jennifer S, Naliboff, Bruce, Smith, Suzanne R, Hong, Jui-Yang, Colloca, Luana, Tillisch, Kirsten, Mandelkern, Mark A, Mayer, Emeran A, and London, Edythe D
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Pain Research ,Brain Disorders ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Chronic Pain ,Biomedical Imaging ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Neurological ,Adult ,Analgesia ,Benzamides ,Brain ,Dopamine ,Female ,Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ,Hot Temperature ,Humans ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pain Perception ,Placebo Effect ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Receptors ,Dopamine D2 ,Receptors ,Dopamine D3 ,Self Report ,Young Adult ,Placebo effect ,Pain ,PET ,[F-18]fallypride ,Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,[18F]fallypride - Abstract
Placebo analgesia is measured by self-report, yet current, expected, and recalled efficacy may be differentially related to brain function. Here we used a human thermal pain model to compare self-reports of expected, concurrent, and recalled efficacy of a topical placebo analgesic, and tested associations of the three measures of efficacy with changes in dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in brain using [(18)F]fallypride with positron emission tomography (PET). Participants (15 healthy women) were assessed on three test days. The first test day included a laboratory visit, during which the temperature needed to evoke consistent pain was determined, placebo analgesia was induced via verbal and experience-based expectation, and the placebo response was measured. On two subsequent test days, PET scans were performed in Control and Placebo conditions, respectively, in counterbalanced order. During Visit 1, concurrent and recalled placebo efficacy were unrelated; during the Placebo PET visit, expected and recalled efficacy were highly correlated (ρ = 0.68, p = 0.005), but concurrent efficacy was unrelated to expected or recalled efficacy. Region of interest analysis revealed dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability was lower in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in the Placebo condition (p
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- 2016
27. 注意缺陷多动障碍儿童动态功能连接的 功能磁共振成像研究.
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谢娆, 高煦平, 赵驿鹭, 钟苑心, 孙霄, 杨智, 杨莉, and 曹庆久
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate static and dynamic resting-state functional connectivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods: Totally 97 children aged 6 to 16 years old, with intelligence quotient(IQ)≥80, meeting criteria of ADHD of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ) and 74 typically developing normal children matched with age and IQ were recruited. The functional magnetic resonance imaging was used The group difference of static functional connectivity and dynamic functional connectivity metrics were compared respectively. Results: There was no group difference in static functional connectivity(P>0. 05). The dynamic functional connectivity of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was higher in children with ADHD than in normal controls [(0. 65±0. 07) % vs. (0. 60±0. 08) %, P <0. 01]. Conclusion: Dynamic analysis suggests that ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is related to ADHD and may provide new perspective for understanding ADHD brain mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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28. Trait sensation seeking is associated with heightened beta-band oscillatory dynamics over left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during reward expectancy.
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Coffman, Brian A., Torrence, Natasha, Murphy, Timothy, Bebko, Genna, Graur, Simona, Chase, Henry W., Salisbury, Dean F., and Phillips, Mary L.
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SENSATION seeking , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation , *REWARD (Psychology) , *EXPECTATION (Philosophy) - Abstract
Background: Sensation Seeking, the proclivity toward novel and stimulating experiences, is associated with greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) activity during uncertain reward expectancy. Here, we examined relationships between sensation seeking and vlPFC oscillatory dynamics using electroencephalography (EEG).Methods: In 26 adolescents/young adults (16 female; 22.3 ± 1.7yrs), EEG was measured during uncertain reward expectancy. Event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) from 15-80 Hz (beta/gamma bands) were compared as a function of uncertain reward expected value and assessed for relationships with feedback-related negativity (FRN) response to outcome feedback and response tendency measures of risk for BD.Results: Event-related synchronization (ERS) between 15-25 Hz (beta) over left vlPFC was sensitive to the expected value of uncertain reward (rho=0.46; p = 0.048), and correlated with sensation seeking (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and feedback-related negativity (FRN), where greater beta ERS was related to larger FRN (r = -0.39, p = 0.047). FRN was also related to behavioral inhibition (r = 0.49, p < 0.01).Limitations: It is unknown whether results may extrapolate to clinical populations, given the healthy sample used here. Further, although we have confidence that the beta-band signal we measure in this study arises from left prefrontal cortex, we largely infer a left vlPFC source.Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of left vlPFC in evaluation of immediate rewards. We now provide a link between reward expectancy-related left vlPFC activity and the well-characterized FRN, with a known role in attentive processing. These findings can guide treatment development for mania/hypomania at-risk individuals, including transcranial alternating current stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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29. Flexible versus Fixed Spatial Self-Ordered Response Sequencing: Effects of Inactivation and Neurochemical Modulation of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex.
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Axelsson, S. F. A., Horst, N. K., Naotaka Horiguchi, Roberts, A. C., and Robbins, T. W.
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PREFRONTAL cortex , *COGNITIVE ability , *CALLITHRIX jacchus , *COGNITIVE flexibility , *TOUCH screens - Abstract
Previously, studies using human neuroimaging and excitotoxic lesions in non-human primate have demonstrated an important role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in higher order cognitive functions such as cognitive flexibility and the planning of behavioral sequences. In the present experiments, we tested effects on performance of temporary inactivation (using GABA receptor agonists) and dopamine (DA) D2 and 5-HT2A-receptor (R) blockade of vlPFC via local intracerebral infusions in the marmoset. We trained common marmosets to perform spatial self-ordered sequencing tasks in which one cohort of animals performed two and three response sequences on a continuously varying spatial array of response options on a touch-sensitive screen. Inactivation of vlPFC produced a marked disruption of accuracy of sequencing which also exhibited significant error perseveration. There were somewhat contrasting effects of D2 and 5-HT2A-R blockade, with the former producing error perseveration on incorrect trials, though not significantly impairing accuracy overall, and the latter significantly impairing accuracy but not error perseveration. A second cohort of marmosets were directly compared on performance of fixed versus variable spatial arrays. Inactivation of vlPFC again impaired self-ordered sequencing, but only with varying, and not fixed spatial arrays, the latter leading to the consistent use of fewer, preferred sequences. These findings add to evidence that vlPFC is implicated in goal-directed behavior that requires higher-order response heuristics that can be applied flexibly over different (variable), as compared with fixed stimulus exemplars. They also show that dopaminergic and serotonergic chemomodulation has distinctive effects on such performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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30. Offset-related brain activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex promotes long-term memory formation of verbal events.
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Medvedeva, Angela, Saw, Rebecca, Silvestri, Carla, Sirota, Miroslav, Fuggetta, Giorgio, and Galli, Giulia
- Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that brain activity following the offset of a stimulus during encoding contributes to long-term memory formation, however the exact mechanisms underlying offset-related encoding are still unclear. Here, in three repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies (rTMS) we investigated offset-related activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). rTMS was administered at different points in time around stimulus offset while participants encoded visually-presented words or pairs of words. The analyses focused on the effects of the stimulation on subsequent memory performance. rTMS administered at the offset of the stimuli, but not during online encoding, disrupted subsequent memory performance. In Experiment 1 we found that rTMS specifically disrupted encoding mechanisms initiated by the offset of the stimuli rather than general, post-stimulus processes. Experiment 2 showed that this effect was not dependent upon rTMS-induced somatosensory effects. In a third rTMS experiment we further demonstrated a robust decline in associative memory performance when the stimulation was delivered at the offset of the word pairs, suggesting that offset-related encoding may contribute to the binding of information into an episodic memory trace. The offset of the stimulus may represent an event boundary that promotes the reinstatement of the previously experienced event and episodic binding. • The administration of rTMS over the left VLPFC at the offset of to-be-remembered words impairs later memory for those words. • Offset-related brain activity is crucial for long-term memory formation. • Offset-related encoding may contribute to the binding of information into an episodic memory trace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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31. Impaired Emotional Learning and Involvement of the Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Signaling System in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Labus, Jennifer S, Hubbard, Catherine S, Bueller, Joshua, Ebrat, Bahar, Tillisch, Kirsten, Chen, Michelle, Stains, Jean, Dukes, George E, Kelleher, Dennis L, Naliboff, Bruce D, Fanselow, Michael, and Mayer, Emeran A
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Pain Research ,Digestive Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Chronic Pain ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Aetiology ,Underpinning research ,Abdominal Pain ,Adult ,Anxiety Disorders ,Brain ,Brain Mapping ,Bridged Bicyclo Compounds ,Heterocyclic ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Cross-Over Studies ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Drug ,Double-Blind Method ,Extinction ,Psychological ,Fear ,Female ,Galvanic Skin Response ,Humans ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Pyrazoles ,Receptors ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Signal Transduction ,Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRF-R1) Antagonist ,Fear Conditioning ,Extinction ,AMYG ,BOLD ,CRF-R1 ,HCs ,HIPP ,HYPO ,IBS ,LCC ,PLA ,SCR ,SNS ,THAL ,aINS ,aMCC ,amygdala ,anterior insula ,anterior midcingulate cortex ,blood-oxygen level−dependent ,corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 ,dlPFC ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,healthy controls ,hippocampus ,hypothalamus ,irritable bowel syndrome ,locus coeruleus complex ,mPFC ,medial prefrontal cortex ,pACC ,placebo ,pregenual anterior cingulate cortex ,skin conductance responses ,sympathetic nervous system ,thalamus ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,vlPFC ,Clinical Sciences ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
Background & aimsAlterations in central corticotropin-releasing factor signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to characterize the effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) antagonist, GW876008, on brain and skin conductance responses during acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear to the threat of abdominal pain in subjects with IBS and healthy individuals (controls).MethodsWe performed a single-center, randomized, double-blind, 3-period crossover study of 11 women with IBS (35.50 ± 12.48 years old) and 15 healthy women (controls) given a single oral dose (20 mg or 200 mg) of the CRF-R1 antagonist or placebo. Blood-oxygen level-dependent responses were analyzed using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a tertiary care setting.ResultsControls had greater skin conductance responses during acquisition than extinction, validating the fear-conditioning paradigm. In contrast, during extinction, women with IBS had greater skin conductance responses than controls-an effect normalized by administration of a CRF-R1 antagonist. Although the antagonist significantly reduced activity in the thalamus in patients with IBS and controls during acquisition, the drug produced greater suppression of blood-oxygen level-dependent activity in a wide range of brain regions in IBS patients during extinction, including the medial prefrontal cortex, pons, hippocampus, and anterior insula.ConclusionsAlthough CRF signaling via CRF-R1 is involved in fear acquisition and extinction learning related to expected abdominal pain in patients with IBS and controls, this system appears to be up-regulated in patients with IBS. This up-regulation might contribute to the previously reported abnormal brain responses to expected abdominal pain.
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- 2013
32. Effective Connectivity Between the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Precuneus Differentiates Major Psychiatric Disorders: Results from a Transdiagnostic Spectral DCM Study
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Ivo N Mitrev, Sevdalina Kandilarova, Rossitsa Paunova, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Katrin Aryutova, Anna Todeva-Radneva, Mladen Mantarkov, and Karsten Specht
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Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Resting state fMRI ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Precuneus ,Audiology ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Schizophrenia ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Major depressive disorder ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Bipolar disorder ,business ,Anterior cingulate cortex - Abstract
Background & Objective: We have previously identified aberrant connectivity of the left precuneus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula in patients with either a paranoid (schizophrenia), or a depressive syndrome (both unipolar and bipolar). In the current study, we attempted to replicate and expand these findings by including a healthy control sample and separating the patients in a depressive episode into two groups: unipolar and bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the connections between those major nodes of the resting state networks would demonstrate different patterns in the three patient groups compared to the healthy subjects. Method: Resting-state functional MRI was performed on a sample of 101 participants, of which 26 patients with schizophrenia (current psychotic episodes), 24 subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD), 33 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (both BD and MDD patients were in a current depressive episode), and 21 healthy controls. Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling was used to calculate the coupling values between eight regions of interest, including the anterior precuneus (PRC), anterior hippocampus, anterior insula, angular gyrus, lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), middle frontal gyrus, planum temporale, and anterior thalamus. Results & Conclusion: We identified disturbed effective connectivity from the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex to the left anterior precuneus that differed significantly between unipolar depression, where the influence was inhibitory, and bipolar depression, where the effect was excitatory. A logistic regression analysis correctly classified 75% of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression based solely on the coupling values of this connection. In addition, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated negative effective connectivity from the anterior PRC to the lateral OFC, which distinguished them from healthy controls and patients with major depression. Future studies with unmedicated patients will be needed to establish the replicability of our findings.
- Published
- 2023
33. The VLPFC versus the DLPFC in Downregulating Social Pain Using Reappraisal and Distraction Strategies.
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Jun Zhao, Licheng Mo, Rong Bi, Zhenhong He, Yuming Chen, Feng Xu, Hui Xie, and Dandan Zhang
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TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *EMOTION regulation , *SOCIAL marginality , *DISTRACTION , *PREFRONTAL cortex - Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) are both crucial structures involved in voluntary emotional regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the functions of these two cortical regions that are involved in emotional regulation, which are usually active in non-social situations, could be generalized to the regulation of social pain as well. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the causal relationship between the DLPFC/VLPFC and the emotional regulation of social pain via distraction and reappraisal. Ninety human participants (45 males and 45 females) initially underwent either active (DLPFC/VLPFC, n = 30/30) or sham (vertex, n = 30) TMS sessions. Participants were then instructed to use both distraction and reappraisal strategies to downregulate any negative emotions evoked by social exclusion pictures. Convergent results of the subjective emotional rating and electrophysiological indices demonstrated that: (1) both the DLPFC and VLPFC highly facilitate the downregulation of affective responses caused by social exclusion, revealing a causal role of these lateral PFCs in voluntary emotional regulation of both non-social and social pain; and (2) these two cortical regions showed relative functional specificity for distraction (DLPFC) and reappraisal (VLPFC) strategies, which helps to refine the cortical targeting of therapeutic protocols. In addition, the TMS effect was sustainable for at least 1 h, showcasing the potential feasibility of using this method in clinical practice. Together, these findings provide cognitive and neural evidence for the targeting of the VLPFC and/or the DLPFC to improve emotional regulation abilities, especially in social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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34. بازنمایی چهرههای پوشیده در شبکه فرونتوتمپورال.
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جلالالدین نوروز& and محمدرضا ا. دهاقان
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FACE perception ,NEURONS ,OCCLUSION effect ,COGNITIVE ability ,VISUAL environment - Abstract
Introduction: Face recognition is a remarkable ability of primates, characterized by the ability to accurately identify faces despite variations. Among these variations, face occlusion represents a critical challenge to social life. Although a massive body of neural studies reveals the mechanism of face representation, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the successful recognition of partially occluded faces remain poorly understood. Methods and Materials: In this study, we presented a large number of occluded faces and simultaneously recorded neural activity from both the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and the inferotemporal cortex (ITC) to explore frontotemporal networks contributes in challenging occluded face representation. Results: Our findings reveal that neurons in the vlPFC exhibit heightened responsiveness to occluded face images, while neurons in the ITC demonstrate enhanced responses to non-occluded images. Notably, analysis of IT response dynamics uncovered a subset of neurons displaying dual processing manners. These neurons exhibit late processing occurring after the onset of vlPFC response which is more engaged in proceeding of high occluded faces. The influential granger causality results provide evidence for retrograde communication between ITC and vlPFC that emphasize the role of feedback in resolving occluded face processing at ITC. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights into the intricate interplay between the vlPFC and ITC during face recognition under occlusion. Understanding these neural mechanisms contributes to our broader understanding of the cognitive processes involved in face perception and may have implications for the development of advanced artificial intelligence systems capable of robust face recognition in complex visual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
35. Diagnostic Classification for Human Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Based on Machine Learning From a Primate Genetic Model.
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Zhan, Yafeng, Wei, Jianze, Liang, Jian, Xu, Xiu, He, Ran, Robbins, Trevor W., and Wang, Zheng
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OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder , *GENETIC models , *MACHINE learning , *AUTISM spectrum disorders , *AUTISM , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *OXYGEN in the blood , *DIAGNOSIS of obsessive-compulsive disorder , *DIAGNOSIS of autism , *BRAIN , *FRONTAL lobe , *BIOLOGICAL models , *PROTEINS , *RESEARCH , *TEMPORAL lobe , *ANIMAL experimentation , *RESEARCH methodology , *CASE-control method , *EVALUATION research , *MEDICAL cooperation , *SEVERITY of illness index , *PRIMATES , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH funding , *TRANSGENIC animals , *NEURORADIOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: Psychiatric disorders commonly comprise comorbid symptoms, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), raising controversies over accurate diagnosis and overlap of their neural underpinnings. The authors used noninvasive neuroimaging in humans and nonhuman primates to identify neural markers associated with DSM-5 diagnoses and quantitative measures of symptom severity.Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity data obtained from both wild-type and methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) transgenic monkeys were used to construct monkey-derived classifiers for diagnostic classification in four human data sets (ASD: Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange [ABIDE-I], N=1,112; ABIDE-II, N=1,114; ADHD-200 sample: N=776; OCD local institutional database: N=186). Stepwise linear regression models were applied to examine associations between functional connections of monkey-derived classifiers and dimensional symptom severity of psychiatric disorders.Results: Nine core regions prominently distributed in frontal and temporal cortices were identified in monkeys and used as seeds to construct the monkey-derived classifier that informed diagnostic classification in human autism. This same set of core regions was useful for diagnostic classification in the OCD cohort but not the ADHD cohort. Models based on functional connections of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex with the left thalamus and right prefrontal polar cortex predicted communication scores of ASD patients and compulsivity scores of OCD patients, respectively.Conclusions: The identified core regions may serve as a basis for building markers for ASD and OCD diagnoses, as well as measures of symptom severity. These findings may inform future development of machine-learning models for psychiatric disorders and may improve the accuracy and speed of clinical assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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36. Dissociable representations of decision variables within subdivisions of macaque orbitofrontal and ventrolateral frontal cortex.
- Author
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Stoll FM and Rudebeck PH
- Abstract
Ventral frontal cortex (VFC) in macaques is involved in many affective and cognitive processes and has a key role in flexibly guiding reward-based decision-making. VFC is composed of a set of anatomically distinct subdivisions that are within the orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula. In part, because prior studies have lacked the resolution to test for differences, it is unclear if neural representations related to decision-making are dissociable across these subdivisions. Here we recorded the activity of thousands of neurons within eight anatomically defined subregions of VFC in macaque monkeys performing a two-choice probabilistic task for different fruit juices outcomes. We found substantial variation in the encoding of decision variables across these eight subdivisions. Notably, ventrolateral subdivision 12l was unique relative to the other areas that we recorded from as the activity of single neurons integrated multiple attributes when monkeys evaluated the different choice options. Activity within 12o, by contrast, more closely represented reward probability and whether reward was received on a given trial. Orbitofrontal area 11m/l contained more specific representations of the quality of the outcome that could be earned later on. We also found that reward delivery encoding was highly distributed across all VFC subregions, while the properties of the reward, such as its flavor, were more strongly represented in areas 11m/l and 13m. Taken together, our work reveals the diversity of encoding within the various anatomically distinct subdivisions of VFC in primates., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
37. Cognitive framing modulates emotional processing through dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex networks: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
- Author
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Ulrich Kirk, Lau Lilleholt, and David Freedberg
- Subjects
amygdala ,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,emotion ,framing ,functional magnetic resonance imaging ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction In this study, we show new evidence for the role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC‐DLPFC) networks in the cognitive framing of emotional processing. Method We displayed neutral and aversive images described as having been sourced from artistic material to one cohort of subjects (i.e., the art‐frame group; n = 19), while identical images, this time identified as having been sourced from documentary material (i.e., the doc‐frame group; n = 20) were shown to a separate cohort. Results Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we employed a linear parametric model showing that relative to the doc‐frame group the art‐frame group exhibited a modulation of amygdala activity in response to aversive images. The attenuated amygdala activity in the art‐frame group supported our hypothesis that reduced amygdala activity was driven by top‐down DLPFC inhibition of limbic responses. A psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis demonstrated that VLPFC activity correlated with amygdala activity in the art‐frame group, but not in the doc‐frame group for the contrast [Aversive > Neutral]. Conclusion The role of the VLPFC in cognitive control suggests the hypothesis that it alongside DLPFC insulates against embodied emotional responses by inhibiting automatic affective responses.
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
38. Reinforcement-Sensitive Personality Traits Associated With Passion in Heterosexual Intimate Relationships: An fNIRS Investigation
- Author
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Li Gu, Ruoxi Yang, Qihan Zhang, Peng Zhang, and Xuejun Bai
- Subjects
reinforcement-sensitive personality traits ,passion ,functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ,reward sensitivity ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
According to the triangular theory of love, passion is an indispensable component of romantic love. Some brain imaging studies have shown that passionate arousal in intimate relationships is associated with the reward circuits in the brain. We hypothesized that the individual reward sensitivity trait is also related to passion in intimate relationships, and two separate studies were conducted in the present research. In the first study, 558 college students who were currently in love were selected as participants. The correlation between intimacy and reinforcement sensitivity in individuals identifying as heterosexual was explored using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, the Passionate Love Scale, and the Triangular Love Scale. In the second study, participants were 42 college students who were also currently in love. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was adopted to explore the neurophysiological interaction between reward sensitivity and emotional arousal induced in participants when presented a photograph of their partner, a friend, or a stranger. The results showed that reward sensitivity was positively correlated with passion, and punishment sensitivity was negatively correlated with intimacy and commitment. Significant interactions between reward sensitivity and photograph type were found, and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus showed a particular relevance to the reward-sensitive personality trait toward partners. Overall, the findings support reinforcement sensitivity theory and suggest that reinforcement-sensitive personality traits (personality traits of reward and punishment sensitivity) are associated with all three components of love, with only reward sensitivity being related to passion.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Common neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in healthy adults.
- Author
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Hsu, David T., Sankar, Anjali, Malik, Mohammad A., Langenecker, Scott A., Mickey, Brian J., and Love, Tiffany M.
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *SOCIAL perception , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Although romantic rejection and acceptance have a strong impact on mood in adults, their neural response patterns are relatively unexplored. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in 36 healthy men and women, ages 18–53 years. Activations during rejection showed extensive anatomical overlap with activations during acceptance in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and anterior insula (AI). In an analysis of sex differences, men and women did not differ in behavioral responses; however, men showed greater activation to romantic rejection and acceptance in the left vlPFC and AI compared to women. The vlPFC and AI may play a role in social cognition, tuned to detect the intentions and feelings of others whether they are positive or negative. In the context of romantic rejection and acceptance, this activation may signal the intent of others who are desired by the individual, leading to changes in mood, self-esteem, and social motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Cognitive framing modulates emotional processing through dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex networks: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
- Author
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Kirk, Ulrich, Lilleholt, Lau, and Freedberg, David
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging - Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we show new evidence for the role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC‐DLPFC) networks in the cognitive framing of emotional processing. Method: We displayed neutral and aversive images described as having been sourced from artistic material to one cohort of subjects (i.e., the art‐frame group; n = 19), while identical images, this time identified as having been sourced from documentary material (i.e., the doc‐frame group; n = 20) were shown to a separate cohort. Results: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we employed a linear parametric model showing that relative to the doc‐frame group the art‐frame group exhibited a modulation of amygdala activity in response to aversive images. The attenuated amygdala activity in the art‐frame group supported our hypothesis that reduced amygdala activity was driven by top‐down DLPFC inhibition of limbic responses. A psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis demonstrated that VLPFC activity correlated with amygdala activity in the art‐frame group, but not in the doc‐frame group for the contrast [Aversive > Neutral]. Conclusion: The role of the VLPFC in cognitive control suggests the hypothesis that it alongside DLPFC insulates against embodied emotional responses by inhibiting automatic affective responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Reinforcement-Sensitive Personality Traits Associated With Passion in Heterosexual Intimate Relationships: An fNIRS Investigation.
- Author
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Gu, Li, Yang, Ruoxi, Zhang, Qihan, Zhang, Peng, and Bai, Xuejun
- Subjects
PERSONALITY ,ROMANTIC love ,BRAIN imaging ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,COLLEGE students - Abstract
According to the triangular theory of love, passion is an indispensable component of romantic love. Some brain imaging studies have shown that passionate arousal in intimate relationships is associated with the reward circuits in the brain. We hypothesized that the individual reward sensitivity trait is also related to passion in intimate relationships, and two separate studies were conducted in the present research. In the first study, 558 college students who were currently in love were selected as participants. The correlation between intimacy and reinforcement sensitivity in individuals identifying as heterosexual was explored using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, the Passionate Love Scale, and the Triangular Love Scale. In the second study, participants were 42 college students who were also currently in love. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was adopted to explore the neurophysiological interaction between reward sensitivity and emotional arousal induced in participants when presented a photograph of their partner, a friend, or a stranger. The results showed that reward sensitivity was positively correlated with passion, and punishment sensitivity was negatively correlated with intimacy and commitment. Significant interactions between reward sensitivity and photograph type were found, and the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus showed a particular relevance to the reward-sensitive personality trait toward partners. Overall, the findings support reinforcement sensitivity theory and suggest that reinforcement-sensitive personality traits (personality traits of reward and punishment sensitivity) are associated with all three components of love, with only reward sensitivity being related to passion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The right VLPFC and downregulation of social pain: A TMS study.
- Author
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He, Zhenhong, Zhao, Jun, Shen, Junshi, Muhlert, Nils, Elliott, Rebecca, and Zhang, Dandan
- Subjects
- *
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *PAIN , *DOWNREGULATION , *ANALGESIA - Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC) is crucially involved in downregulating physical and social pain. However, it remains unclear whether the RVLPFC is more specific to either physical or social pain. The present study compares the role of RVLPFC in emotion regulation in physical‐ and social‐pain conditions using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). A total of 60 healthy participants underwent active (n = 30) or sham (n = 30) rTMS over the RVLPFC. Following each TMS session, participants performed a non‐reappraisal and then a reappraisal task to downregulate imagined physical or social pain evoked by pictures. Self‐reported negative emotional ratings and electroencephalogram data were recorded during the emotion regulation task. Participants were then required to rate the valence and arousal of those pictures 30 min after the task. It is found that rTMS‐activated RVLPFC led to reductions in subjective negative feelings and amplitudes of the late positive potential during reappraisal; however, these effects were found exclusively in the social‐pain condition. Participants also reported higher positive valence for socially, compared to physically, painful pictures after 30 min of the task. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence both supported the functional specificity of RVLPFC in regulation of social pain. The prominent delayed effect of rTMS makes it possible to consider the potential application of rTMS‐VLPFC in clinical practice for social pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Transcranial Electric Current Stimulation During Associative Memory Encoding: Comparing tACS and tDCS Effects in Healthy Aging.
- Author
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Klink, Katharina, Peter, Jessica, Wyss, Patric, and Klöppel, Stefan
- Subjects
ELECTRIC stimulation ,ASSOCIATIVE memory (Psychology) ,ELECTRIC currents ,TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation ,TRANSCRANIAL direct current stimulation ,OLDER people - Abstract
Associative memory is one of the first cognitive functions negatively affected by healthy and pathological aging processes. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are easily administrable tools to support memory. However, the optimal stimulation parameters inducing a reliable positive effect on older adult's memory performance remain mostly unclear. In our randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 28 healthy older adults (16 females; 71.18 + 6.42 years of age) received anodal transcranial direct (tDCS), alternating current in the theta range (tACS), and sham stimulation over the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) each once during encoding. We tested associative memory performance with cued recall and recognition tasks after a retention period and again on the following day. Overall, neither tDCS nor tACS showed effects on associative memory performance. Further analysis revealed a significant difference for performance on the cued recall task under tACS compared to sham when accounting for age. Our results suggest that tACS might be more effective to improve associative memory performance than tDCS in higher aged samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Functional connectivity reveals dissociable ventrolateral prefrontal mechanisms for the control of multilingual word retrieval.
- Author
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Branzi, Francesca M., Martin, Clara D., Carreiras, Manuel, and Paz‐Alonso, Pedro M.
- Subjects
- *
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *PARIETAL lobe , *PREFRONTAL cortex - Abstract
This functional magnetic resonance imaging study established that different portions of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) support reactive and proactive language control processes during multilingual word retrieval. The study also examined whether proactive language control consists in the suppression of the nontarget lexicon. Healthy multilingual volunteers participated in a task that required them to name pictures alternately in their dominant and less‐dominant languages. Two crucial variables were manipulated: the cue‐target interval (CTI) to either engage (long CTI) or prevent (short CTI) proactive control processes, and the cognate status of the to‐be‐named pictures (noncognates vs. cognates) to capture selective pre‐activation of the target language. The results of the functional connectivity analysis showed a clear segregation between functional networks related to mid‐vlPFC and anterior vlPFC during multilingual language production. Furthermore, the results revealed that multilinguals engage in proactive control to prepare the target language. This proactive modulation, enacted by anterior vlPFC, is achieved by boosting the activation of lexical representations in the target language. Finally, control processes supported by both mid‐vlPFC and the left inferior parietal lobe, were similarly engaged by reactive and proactive control, possibly exerted on phonological representations to reduce cross‐language interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Nicotine in action: cigarette smoking modulated homotopic functional connectivity in schizophrenia.
- Author
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Liao, Wei, Yang, Siqi, Li, Jiao, Fan, Yun-Shuang, Duan, Xujun, Cui, Qian, and Chen, Huafu
- Abstract
Cigarette smoking is intimately associated with both early onset and increased severity of schizophrenia. The self-medication hypothesis suggests that nicotine can relieve or restore neurocognitive deficits and symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects who smoked showed deficits in communication between their hemispheres. These homotopic connectivity mechanisms associated with both schizophrenia and smoking comorbidity were largely unknown until now. A mixed sample including patients with schizophrenia (22 smokers and 27 non-smokers) and healthy controls (22 smokers and 21 non-smokers) based on clinical diagnoses and cigarette dependence were recruited for the current study. All subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine possible interactions between schizophrenia and smoking, and to determine the main effects of schizophrenia and smoking on homotopic functional connectivity. Decreased homotopic functional connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex suggested a main effect of schizophrenia and smoking-an additive effect. Furthermore, we found an antagonistic interaction effect between schizophrenia and smoking located in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). In addition, the connectivity strength of the bilateral VLPFC was negatively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Negative scores and positively correlated with lifetime smoking. These results suggest that smoking has multiple effects on the modulation of interhemispheric connectivity in schizophrenia. Our findings provide valuable information underlying the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and offer a potential target for future clinical treatment of schizophrenia and smoking comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multimodal Neural Evidence on the Corticostriatal Underpinning of Suicidality in Late-Life Depression
- Author
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Yun-Fang Tsai, Mengxia Gao, Cheng Hong Toh, Di Qi, Robin Shao, Ho-Ling Liu, Chih-Mao Huang, Changwei W. Wu, Shwu-Hua Lee, Chemin Lin, and Tatia M.C. Lee
- Subjects
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,Depression ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Action control ,Dynamic causal modelling ,Suicidal thought ,Grey matter ,Late life depression ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Suicidal Ideation ,Suicide ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Gray Matter ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Biological Psychiatry ,Default mode network ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
Suicidality involves thoughts (ideations and plans) and actions related to self-inflicted death. To improve management and prevention of suicidality, it is essential to understand the key neural mechanisms underlying suicidal thoughts and actions. Following empirically informed neural framework, we hypothesized that suicidal thoughts would be primarily characterized by alterations in the default mode network indicating disrupted self-related processing, whereas suicidal actions would be characterized by changes in the lateral prefrontal corticostriatal circuitries implicating compromised action control.We analyzed the gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity of 113 individuals with late-life depression, including 45 nonsuicidal patients, 33 with suicidal thoughts but no action, and 35 with past suicidal action. Between-group analyses revealed key neural features associated with suicidality. The functional directionality of the identified resting-state functional connectivity was examined using dynamic causal modeling to further elucidate its mechanistic nature. Post hoc classification analysis examined the contribution of the neural measures to suicide classification.As expected, reduced gray matter volumes in the default mode network and lateral prefrontal regions characterized patients with suicidal thoughts and those with past suicidal actions compared with nonsuicidal patients. Furthermore, region-of-interest analyses revealed that the directionality and strength of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-caudate resting-state functional connectivity were related to suicidal thoughts and actions. The neural features significantly improved classification of suicidal thoughts and actions over that based on clinical and suicide questionnaire variables.Gray matter reductions in the default mode network and lateral prefrontal regions and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-caudate connectivity alterations characterized suicidal thoughts and actions in patients with late-life depression.
- Published
- 2022
47. An investigation of the relationship between psychopathy and greater gray matter density in lateral prefrontal cortex
- Author
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Emily N. Lasko, David S. Chester, Alexandra M. Martelli, Samuel J. West, and C. Nathan DeWall
- Subjects
psychopathy ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,gray matter density ,voxel-based morphometry ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Psychopathic traits predispose individuals toward antisocial behavior. Such antagonistic acts often result in “unsuccessful” outcomes such as incarceration. What mechanisms allow some people with relatively high levels of psychopathic traits to live “successful”, unincarcerated lives, in spite of their antisocial tendencies? Using neuroimaging, we investigated the possibility that “successful” psychopathic individuals exhibited greater development of neural structures that promote “successful” self-regulation, focusing on the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Across two structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of “successful” participants (Study 1: N = 80 individuals in long-term romantic relationships; Study 2: N = 64 undergraduates), we observed that gray matter density in the left and right VLPFC was positively associated with psychopathic traits. These preliminary results support a compensatory model of psychopathy, in which “successful” psychopathic individuals develop inhibitory mechanisms to compensate for their antisocial tendencies. Traditional models of psychopathy that emphasize deficits may be aided by such compensatory models that identify surfeits in neural and psychological processes.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Bullying the Brain? Longitudinal Links Between Childhood Peer Victimization, Cortisol, and Adolescent Brain Structure
- Author
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Mieke R. du Plessis, Sanny Smeekens, Antonius H. N. Cillessen, Sarah Whittle, and Berna Güroǧlu
- Subjects
victimization ,cortisol ,stress ,ventrolateral prefrontal cortex ,brain structure ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Background: Childhood peer victimization is a stressful life experience associated with long-lasting adverse psychological consequences. While there is some evidence that victimization is associated with alterations in brain function, little is known about effects on brain structure. This study explored the relationships between childhood peer victimization, cortisol, and adolescent ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) structure in a sample of healthy children.Methods: A total of 50 (Mage = 9.29 years at baseline) children participated in this longitudinal study. We examined whether diurnal cortisol levels (assessed at baseline) moderated the link between children’s self-reported peer victimization (assessed at baseline) and vlPFC surface area, gray matter volume, and thickness 5 years later.Results: For boys, cortisol levels moderated the association between victimization and brain structure. For boys with a low daily cortisol output (assessed as area under the curve; AUC), high victimization was associated with a smaller right vlPFC surface area, and for boys with a high AUC, high victimization was associated with a larger right vlPFC surface area. In addition, for boys with a steeper diurnal slope, high victimization was associated with a smaller right vlPFC surface area, and for boys with a low flatter diurnal slope, high victimization was associated with a larger right vlPFC surface area.Conclusion: These results indicate the differential influence of cortisol on the relationship between victimization and brain structure. Findings suggest that victimization may have differential effects on brain development in boys who are more versus less biologically sensitive to stress.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Loneliness is related to smaller gray matter volumes in ACC and right VLPFC in people with major depression: a UK biobank study.
- Author
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He Z, Zheng Y, Ni J, Huang J, Pang Q, Chen T, Muhlert N, and Elliott R
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Gray Matter diagnostic imaging, Gyrus Cinguli, Loneliness, Biological Specimen Banks, Depression, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are thought to have important roles in loneliness (feeling of social isolation/exclusion) experience or regulation and in the pathophysiology of their disturbance in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the structural abnormalities of these regions and the correlates with loneliness in MDD across the healthy population have not fully been clarified. The study analyzed the link between loneliness and gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the ACC and right VLPFC among 1,005 patients with MDD and 7,247 healthy controls (HCs) using UK Biobank data. Significant reductions in GMV in the right VLPFC were found in MDD males compared to HCs. MDD males also showed a higher association between loneliness and reduced GMVs in the right VLPFC and bilateral ACC than HCs. No such associations were found in MDD females. The findings suggest that loneliness may influence brain structures crucial for emotion experience and regulation, particularly in middle-older aged men with MDD. This highlights the potential adverse effects of loneliness on brain structure in MDD and suggests that social engagement could have a positive impact., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Graded functional organization in the left inferior frontal gyrus: evidence from task-free and task-based functional connectivity.
- Author
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Diveica V, Riedel MC, Salo T, Laird AR, Jackson RL, and Binney RJ
- Subjects
- Executive Function physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Language, Brain Mapping methods, Prefrontal Cortex physiology
- Abstract
The left inferior frontal gyrus has been ascribed key roles in numerous cognitive domains, such as language and executive function. However, its functional organization is unclear. Possibilities include a singular domain-general function, or multiple functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. Furthermore, spatial transition in function may be either abrupt or graded. The present study explored the topographical organization of the left inferior frontal gyrus using a bimodal data-driven approach. We extracted functional connectivity gradients from (i) resting-state fMRI time-series and (ii) coactivation patterns derived meta-analytically from heterogenous sets of task data. We then sought to characterize the functional connectivity differences underpinning these gradients with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity, meta-analytic coactivation modeling and functional decoding analyses. Both analytic approaches converged on graded functional connectivity changes along 2 main organizational axes. An anterior-posterior gradient shifted from being preferentially associated with high-level control networks (anterior functional connectivity) to being more tightly coupled with perceptually driven networks (posterior). A second dorsal-ventral axis was characterized by higher connectivity with domain-general control networks on one hand (dorsal functional connectivity), and with the semantic network, on the other (ventral). These results provide novel insights into an overarching graded functional organization of the functional connectivity that explains its role in multiple cognitive domains., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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