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This research presents a comprehensive dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) of a cryogenic fuel tank made from an innovative aluminium/lithium–graphene nano-composite material, assessing its suitability for aerospace launch vehicles carrying cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen. The study focuses on the effects of lightweighting, utilizing 0.5 wt.% reinforced graphene in the Al 2195 matrix, a material poised to revolutionize the aerospace industry. Objectives include developing a digital twin of the fuel tank, CAD modeling to aerospace standards, and conducting ANSYS simulations under launch conditions to evaluate stress, strain, and deformation. Numerical results reveal a significant weight reduction of approximately 19,420 kg and a notable maximum stress reduction of 1.3% compared to traditional Al 2195 alloy tanks. The novelty of this research lies in its pioneering analysis of aluminium/lithium–graphene composites for lightweighting in cryogenic fuel tanks under space launch conditions. Conclusions affirm the composite's viability, advocating for the development of lighter yet robust aerospace structures and fostering innovation in spacecraft design and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy for improving the performance of TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which involves doping a foreign ion (silver (Ag)) onto the TiO2 lattice by green synthesis approach using grapefruit extracts as solvent have been carried out. From XRD and Raman analysis the anatase phase of the prepared TiO2 and Ag-incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles were confirmed. The morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was studied using FESEM analysis and the nanorod and spherical shape structures were observed for the TiO2 and Ag-incorporated TiO2 samples, respectively. The optical characteristics of the synthesized TiO2 and Ag-incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles were confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Using the prepared TiO2 and Ag-incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles as photoanodes, DSSCs were constructed and its performance was examined. In this study, two different kinds of dyes were used as sensitizers, such as natural dye and commercial dye (N719). The natural sensitizers were extracted from the murraya koenigii fruit (MKF) skin. DSSC constructed using 5% silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited an efficiency η of 2.76% for MKF dye and 6.22% for N719 dye, respectively. The stability analysis of the prepared DSSCs was also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]