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Modern cosmetic products, with rich formulations of components, have become an ideal breeding ground for microorganisms. Implementing effective preservative systems is crucial to prevent microbial growth and contamination. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, a familiar ingredient in cosmetics, can decompose the outer membrane of microbial cells by producing free radicals. Chitosan has shown antimicrobial activities by impairing cell wall integrity by binding to it aiding in the release of cytosolic contents. In line with this, this work was centered on evaluating the antimicrobial efficiency of chitosan-coated titanium dioxide (CS-TiO2) nanoparticles against three bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and use them as a self-preservative agent in cosmetic formulations. The growth curve analysis exhibited a dose-dependent delay in bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) results revealed that the nanoparticles were effective at 31.25μg/ml and 62.5μg/ml concentrations in suppressing S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. The redox imbalance, membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and cell viability analyses showed that the CS-TiO2 nanoparticles could disrupt the membrane leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and altering the genetic material. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from this research highlight the proficient microbial performance of CS-TiO2, proposing its suitability for incorporation into consumer products, especially cosmetics. As far as the authors are aware, this study is believed to be the first to investigate the potential of CS-TiO2 nanoparticles as a self-preservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections are one of the most often occurring complications with medical implants and reconstructive bone surgery, and they still remain to be one of the leading causes of failure following bone repair. One of the major challenges is treating the infection caused by microorganisms. To overcome this, systemic antibiotics are crucial for successful bone regeneration surgery. Regardless of extensive, high-dose therapies these drugs cannot reach the target surgical area and also antibiotic resistance develops. Hence, the purpose of this research was to develop a biomaterial with antibacterial potential for bone tissue engineering. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (n-HA) is widely employed in bone therapy owing to its good biocompatibility, bioactivity, osteoconductivity and has a topography that resembles the architecture of natural bone. Here, we present the experimental findings of the antibacterial activities of pure n-HA and n-HA+NA biocomposite compounds as assessed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. According to the findings, HA nanoparticles that have been functionalized with naringin exhibit excellent antibacterial activity and may find use in the medical and dental fields as a bone-regenerating material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present investigation, synthesis and characterization of mesoporous SiO2 was prepared and the curcumin drug was loaded into the nanoparticles. The haemolytic study and antibacterial activity were investigated. The work is focused on the synthesis of silica by sol–gel methods from precursor of silica tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), NaOH, pore generating agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphology analysis of the particles was carried out using field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques (FESEM), Silica dioxide were confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis. The Mesoporous analysis, surface area, pore size and pore volumes N2 adsorption/desorption are carried out by BET analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infectious microbes impede wound healing by invading the wound region. In the past few years, scientists have introduced a variety of photoactive nanomaterials and nanocomposites with high antimicrobial effects. This work focused on the fabrication of a graphene oxide-based nanocomposite (GO/TiO2(V–N)) as an efficient visible light-driven antimicrobial material. The hydrothermal technique was adopted to synthesize GO/TiO2(V–N) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of TiO2(V–N) (10 to 50 wt%). To analyze the physicochemical and structural features of the GO/TiO2(V–N) nanocomposites, XRD, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. Furthermore, in the presence of light, GO/TiO2(V–N) was employed as a photocatalytic active material against wound pathogens such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis. In vitro antibacterial studies such as growth curve, colony count, biofilm, protein leakage, membrane integrity, ROS generation, LDH release, DNA fragmentation, and TEM analysis of nanocomposite interaction with bacteria were performed in the presence and absence of light. According to the results, the GO/TiO2(V–N) nanocomposites showed enhanced antibacterial activity against wound pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-rays are widely used in many domains such as clinical diagnostic, imaging, industrial inspection, and environmental safety, allowing researchers for innoviative superior low-dose sensor development. In direct detection type of X-ray, X-ray photons are directly absorbed by photoconductors such as HgI2, PbI2, and BiI3 that are the available X-ray semiconductor detectors. This study analyzes the properties of micro and nanocrystalline PbWO4 prepared as thick film above the interdigitated electrode for direct photon detection. PbWO4 was found to have a better attenuation value of ~ 6.13 cm2/g at 70 keV as compared with the existing semiconductor detectors. The X-ray-instigated photocurrent behavior of PbWO4 was measured at various low doses by an intra-oral 70 keV machine connected with a Keithley model 2450 measuring source meter. Maximum sensitivity was found to be about 0.40 and 9.80 nC/mGycm3, respectively, for micro and nanocrystalline PbWO4, obtained at 7.97 mGy dose. The nanocrystalline PbWO4 thick film displayed more than twenty-four times sensitivity as compared with the microcrystalline PbWO4 film by virtue of the nanocrystalline size effect on X-ray detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]