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Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are still an interesting academic and policy-related subject to study and understand the dynamics of the small business. There are a couple of studies which investigate the determinates of MSMEs growth by adopting personal approach (ownership characteristics) and managerial approach (managerial characteristics/strategy related). The present article is aimed to explore the several challenges faced by the MSMEs in order to have access of financial resources where the finance is said to be the oxygen of any organisation. The variables considered for the study are size of the business, type of ownership of the business and type of business. The study is restricted to only Guntur and Krishna districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. To attain the objectives of the study, we intend to make use of primary and secondary data. Data purifier tests are being used in the study to know the suitability of the data for analysis. The linear assumption, normality assumption, multicollinearity assumption and homoscedasticity assumption are used under regression analysis. The results indicate that there is a strong relationship between size of the business and accessibility of the firm. It means that the size of the business has a positive impact over the availability of financial resources for the business. The moderate impact could be found between type of ownership and accessibility of financial resources whilst the same pattern exhibited in between type of business and availability of financial resources. It could be concluded that the size of the firm provide leverage for the accessibility of financial resources, and thereby this intact acts an insulator for the growth of MSMEs in a great extent comparatively the rest of the two.

This study forecasts the return and volatility dynamics of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT indices of the Bombay Stock Exchange. To achieve the objectives, the study uses descriptive statistics; tests including variance ratio, Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, and Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt and Shin; and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The analysis forecasts daily stock returns for the S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT time series, using the ARIMA model. The results reveal that the mean returns of both indices are positive but near zero. This is indicative of a regressive tendency in the long-term. The forecasted values of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT are almost equal to their actual values, with few deviations. Hence, the ARIMA model is capable of predicting medium- or long-term horizons using historical values of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT.

This study is intended to investigate the volatility patterns in Bombay Stock Exchange Limited Sensitivity Index (BSE Sensex) based on time series data collected for 10 years period of time. To reach out the predefined objectives of the study, the authors have employed generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models. The study revealed that the presence of heteroscedasticiy is found in BSE Sensex. Further, the model produced highly accurate results when the researchers compared the estimated results from actual. Furthermore, the volatility of BSE Sensex has shown the features of clustering and significant time varying. Moreover, the model has indicated that there is a positive correlation between daily stock returns and the BSE Sensex volatility.

The primary aim of micro and small enterprises in a developing economy is creation of employment opportunities and eradication of poverty. The present study is to examines the performance of female owned micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. To reach out the stated objective, data were collected through survey questionnaire from the population of 14,571 MSEs operating in the Zone, using two stages of sampling; purposive and simple random. The result depicts that gender of the operator has no significant relationship with the performance of MSEs in the study area. While common factors are hindering the performance of male and female owned MSEs, specifically, female owned MSEs’ performance was positively affected by completion of secondary education and formal business skills training. It also observed that female owned enterprises, operating and merchandising, have shown significantly positive performance.

Of late, there has been a tremendous growth in financial services of banking in both absolute and financial terms. The scheduled commercial banks have an accumulation of assets and wealth through their long years of existence and widespread branches and products/services. The performance of banks is analyzed by efficiency ratio technique which is the most popular. It reflects mainly the aspects of management efficiency ratio. The ratio is an analytical approach to the evaluation of the performance or operational scenario of banks and is a time-tested one. It is evident that management efficiency ratio is more appropriate to the assessment of the relative efficacy of different categories of the banks under the umbrella of scheduled commercial banks. In this paper, an earnest attempt is made to evaluate financial performance of selected private and public sector banks through management efficiency ratios. This paper presents the financial performance of sample banks along with the private and public banks at the all-India level. The comparison is made between the selected banks themselves and also with the Indian average of respective categories. The researcher has used several management efficiency ratios such as gross profit to total assets; net profit to total assets; interest income to total assets; net interest income to total assets; other income to total assets; interest expended to total assets; and operating expenses to total assets.

The present study investigates the stock market anomalies in the stock prices of premier stock exchanges in the BRICS countries. To reach out the objectives of the study, the researchers have adopted different econometric tools such as Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Phillips-Perron test, Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt and Shin test, Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH (1, 1)) and Simple Regression Method. The results evident the Thursday effect on the SSEC index of China while the other days' effect is quite insignificant. Further, Bovespa-Brazil, RTSI-Russia, BSE Sensex-India, and JSE-South Africa did not exhibit any mid-day effect during the study period. As per the analysis of GARCH (1, 1), the Wednesday effect could be found for Bovespa but the Thursday effect does not exist. The effect of Thursday for RTSI, SSEC and JSE is significant while the effect of Monday is significant for BSE Sensex and JSE.

To many among the general public, the term volatility is simply synonymous with risk associating with any financial asset. Volatility plays a vital role in the secondary market which influences a lot on the investment decision. The main objective of this study is to examine the aforesaid two aspects of the volatility to curb the excess volatility in the market. In this paper an earnest attempt is made to know the tendency of inter and intra-day-volatility in Indian stock market with reference to BSE Sensex.

“Farmers in India born in debt growing in debt and dieing in debt” -Gurnal MirdhalThe above quotation is a mirror image of Indian farmers economic condition. The famous quotation was coined by Gurnal Mirdhal, a great economist, in his famous book 'Asian Drama', for decades before. From ancient days to present our primary occupation is agriculture which is suffering by a wicked problems. Nearly 69 per cent of population depends upon agriculture and contributes 27 per cent in GDP. After free from British rule, our rulers had given a great importance to the primary sector. In 1st plan, the majority of funds were allocated to primary sector by recognizing the importance of agriculture and its allied sectors. There was no change in the government attitude and importance towards agriculture and it continuing up to Pre-LPG (Liberalization, Gloabalisation and Privatization). After LPG , the priority of government has been shifted a great extent to industrial sector, particularly IT and IT enabled services from agriculture sector. This has been affected on agriculture at considerable rate. Due to the government policies and attitudes towards, the fortune of farmers have changed and forcefully put in suicidal way. In particular, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhaya Pradesh become graveyards to farmers. One side developed countries were encouraging their farmers with huge subsidies where as in Andhra Pradesh governments were implemented anti-agriculture policies during the period of 1997-2003. In addition to the above, the rainfall conditions were also very bad and ultimately leads to severe drought which claims some thousands of farmer lives. Some corners in Andhra Pradesh farmers were sold out their kidneys too face drought conditions.

Ever growing poverty, unemployment, huge inequality between rich and poor countries are witnessed to the nightmare and failure of world economy first time in the 21st century. The present economic crises across the globe are said to be the result of neo-economic theories such as Thatcher-Regan free market model which dominated world economic philosophy more than 30 years. The series of the current global financial crisis, particularly in USA and the European countries service industry, Automobiles industry and Information Technology and its related services, are become a global threat where it swallows developing countries economies one by one. Many studies said that this is the result of failure of free market model where the government intervention in trade and commerce is negligible. In a free market economic model, there is a close collision among trade, commerce and Politics which leads to manipulation of market by a few market leaders with the cost of a huge number. In this juncture, this is the time to find out an appropriate solution to cue and accelerate the economic growth. In this paper an earnest attempt is made to study the impact of global economic crisis on developing countries which are often become puppets in the hands of developed countries. This paper speaks in three core areas where the first section deals introduction of the study, the second section deals, heart of this paper, impact of the global economic crisis on developing countries particularly South Asia, Africa and India and the last section speaks out some possible conclusions.

In this paper an earnest attempt is made to address the problems involved in using science and technology to reduce the disaster risk in developing countries, particularly India. The intact the study has, confined to focus on natural calamities and, divided into three sections where the first section deals with the introduction of study to touch with the world perspective, particularly in Asia, towards risk reduction in disaster management while the second section focuses on the prominence and the role of science and technology to prevent and reduce the risk involved in natural disasters in India and the last section owed to some recommendations and suggestions.

Small-scale industries have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Poverty and unemployment are two of the burning problems of the country today. This sector solves these two problems through providing immediate large-scale employment, with lower investments. According to Dr. Manmohan Singh, “the key to our success in employment lies in the success of manufacturing in the small scale sector.” The economic development of any country primarily depends upon the establishment of industries, which require sufficient amount of capital. In a country like India, where capital is scarce and unemployment is wide spread, growth of small-scale industries is vital in order to achieve balanced economic growth. The strength of small-scale enterprises lies in their wide spread dispersal in rural, semi-urban and urban areas, fostering entrepreneurial base, shorter gestation period, and equitable distribution of income and wealth. Having recognized the significance of SSI sector, the Govt. of India has set up various agencies and institutions at different levels-central, state and local, have been pursuing the policy of protection and promotion of this sector since independence and also offered several incentives and concessions for their promotion and development. Since the launching of five-year plans in country the SSI sector has grown at a phenomenal rate. This sector comprises 95 per cent of the total industrial units in the country, accounting for 40 per cent of the total industrial production, 34 percent of the national exports, and 250 lakh persons of industrial employment. So, this sector emerged as a bosom and dynamic part of the Indian economy. In fact, it is one side of the coin. Another side there is another story that tells us the declining position of the small-scale industries in India. Due to the Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG), the importance of the government is shifted from labor intensive industries to capital intensive industries. It leads to decline of small-scale industrials gradually during post LPG period. In this paper an earnest attempt is made to analyze the condition of SSIs, challenges and future opportunities in India.

“India is shining.” This was a slogan of NDA government before going to elections during 2003. Though the government changed at the centre, the same situation prevails in the economy. In fact, there was a doubt about the economic reforms of UPA government from the beginning since the left parties who support the government from outside are against Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (L.P.G). After the adoption of LPG philosophy from 1991, the flow of foreign funds gradually increased and in 21st century it became vital. Of late, the Indian stock market has registered tremendous growth despite high volatility in prices of stocks. The causes include global factors, information boom, IT revolution, internet myth, psychological factors, changes in the income pattern of middle class, foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII). Among the aforesaid, the later plays a dynamic role in stock market and also causes high fluctuations in stock market prices. Many times, FIIs caused accumulation of wealth, some times caused to collapse the entire market and crores of rupees in a single trading day. The LPG policy removed the quantitative restrictions on FII. By 1991, on the recommendations of Narasimham Committee, FIIs were permitted to invest directly in the Indian stock market. Therefore, an earnest attempt is made in this paper to study the growth of FII and its impact on stock market.

In recent times the term 'Microfinance' (MF) became a buzz word in the every corner of the world as well as in the formulation of welfare programs by government. After hearing success stories in microfinance across the developing countries, particularly Bangladesh, third world nations started to give more importance to MFs. Since, banks have failed to reach the poorest of the poor of the countries population; microfinance emerged as a potential tool to fill the gap between financial institutions and needy people. Ethiopia, as a least developed country (LDC), needs huge financial recourses for rapid and sustainable development and reduce gap between haves and have-nots. Though we are in 21st century where science and technology plays a vital role in the pace of development, many countries across the Africa suffered from hunger, ill health, mass poverty and illiteracy. To curb all these awful conditions, there is a need of massive financial recourses. Private Banks and Government sector banks have many limitations in this concern. Mainly, these banks have high profit motives and they used to put many restrictions to sanctions loans to the poor. In this juncture, Microfinance is said to be an effective instrument discovered in 21st century to mitigate rural poverty in the world. Microfinance helps the poor to come out from many wicked problems. The beauty of the MF is in safeguarding a variety of interests of its members. In this paper an earnest attempt is made to review of the need of Micro Financial Institutions (MFIs), the role of MFIs in alleviation of poverty in the country and how woman can get assistance from these institutions with a special reference to ACSI.

Land always has its own importance from ancient time to the modern age. It decides the position of individual in the society. From ancient times to modern era, different doctrines, thesis, synthesis are coming with new face which explain that all the sorrows, pains, tragedies, disasters and misfortune of the people are the resulting factors of the land. In India, many attempts have been made for land reforms during pre-independence period but vain. The British and indigenous rulers have plundered peasants in many ways. After independence also, our visionaries did not give enough importance to land reforms. Due to many pressure groups and for political interests government was not escaped from land reforms. Land reforms and agrarian relations are closely related each other. Agrarian relations and landholding structure play an important role in the performance of the agricultural sector. Land reforms have been on the national agenda since Independence to improve the performance of agriculture as well as for rural re-construction. In addition, creating greater access to land for the landless rural poor is an important component of poverty alleviation programmes. Land reforms, in spite of all the limitations in implementation, did play an important role in changing the agrarian structure in Andhra Pradesh.