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1. Multi-decadal improvements in the ecological quality of European rivers are not consistently reflected in biodiversity metrics

Author

Sinclair, J, Welti, E, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Aroviita, J, Baker, N, Baresova, L, Barquin, J, Bonacina, L, Bonada, N, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Dorflinger, G, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Goethals, P, Heino, J, Hering, D, Huttunen, K, Jahnig, S, Johnson, R, Kuglerova, L, Kupilas, B, L'Hoste, L, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, Lorenz, A, Mckie, B, Muotka, T, Osadcaja, D, Paavola, R, Palinauskas, V, Paril, P, Pilotto, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Schafer, R, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Scotti, A, Skuja, A, Straka, M, Stubbington, R, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Vannevel, R, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, R, Vray, S, Haase, P, Sinclair J. S., Welti E. A. R., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Aroviita J., Baker N. J., Baresova L., Barquin J., Bonacina L., Bonada N., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Dorflinger G., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Goethals P. L. M., Heino J., Hering D., Huttunen K. -L., Jahnig S. C., Johnson R. K., Kuglerova L., Kupilas B., L'Hoste L., Larranaga A., Leitner P., Lorenz A. W., McKie B. G., Muotka T., Osadcaja D., Paavola R., Palinauskas V., Paril P., Pilotto F., Polasek M., Rasmussen J. J., Schafer R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Scotti A., Skuja A., Straka M., Stubbington R., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V., Tziortzis I., Vannevel R., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vray S., Haase P., Sinclair, J, Welti, E, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Aroviita, J, Baker, N, Baresova, L, Barquin, J, Bonacina, L, Bonada, N, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Dorflinger, G, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Goethals, P, Heino, J, Hering, D, Huttunen, K, Jahnig, S, Johnson, R, Kuglerova, L, Kupilas, B, L'Hoste, L, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, Lorenz, A, Mckie, B, Muotka, T, Osadcaja, D, Paavola, R, Palinauskas, V, Paril, P, Pilotto, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Schafer, R, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Scotti, A, Skuja, A, Straka, M, Stubbington, R, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Vannevel, R, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, R, Vray, S, Haase, P, Sinclair J. S., Welti E. A. R., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Aroviita J., Baker N. J., Baresova L., Barquin J., Bonacina L., Bonada N., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Dorflinger G., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Goethals P. L. M., Heino J., Hering D., Huttunen K. -L., Jahnig S. C., Johnson R. K., Kuglerova L., Kupilas B., L'Hoste L., Larranaga A., Leitner P., Lorenz A. W., McKie B. G., Muotka T., Osadcaja D., Paavola R., Palinauskas V., Paril P., Pilotto F., Polasek M., Rasmussen J. J., Schafer R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Scotti A., Skuja A., Straka M., Stubbington R., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V., Tziortzis I., Vannevel R., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vray S., and Haase P.

Abstract

Humans impact terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems, yet many broad-scale studies have found no systematic, negative biodiversity changes (for example, decreasing abundance or taxon richness). Here we show that mixed biodiversity responses may arise because community metrics show variable responses to anthropogenic impacts across broad spatial scales. We first quantified temporal trends in anthropogenic impacts for 1,365 riverine invertebrate communities from 23 European countries, based on similarity to least-impacted reference communities. Reference comparisons provide necessary, but often missing, baselines for evaluating whether communities are negatively impacted or have improved (less or more similar, respectively). We then determined whether changing impacts were consistently reflected in metrics of community abundance, taxon richness, evenness and composition. Invertebrate communities improved, that is, became more similar to reference conditions, from 1992 until the 2010s, after which improvements plateaued. Improvements were generally reflected by higher taxon richness, providing evidence that certain community metrics can broadly indicate anthropogenic impacts. However, richness responses were highly variable among sites, and we found no consistent responses in community abundance, evenness or composition. These findings suggest that, without sufficient data and careful metric selection, many common community metrics cannot reliably reflect anthropogenic impacts, helping explain the prevalence of mixed biodiversity trends.

Published
2024

2. Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers

Author

Welti, E, Bowler, D, Sinclair, J, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Amatulli, G, Angeler, D, Archambaud, G, Arrate Jorrin, I, Aspin, T, Azpiroz, I, Baker, N, Banares, I, Barquin Ortiz, J, Bodin, C, Bonacina, L, Bonada, N, Bottarin, R, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, Datry, T, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Domisch, S, Dorflinger, G, Drohan, E, Eikland, K, England, J, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forcellini, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Friberg, N, Fruget, J, Garcia Marquez, J, Georgieva, G, Goethals, P, Graca, M, House, A, Huttunen, K, Jensen, T, Johnson, R, Jones, J, Kiesel, J, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, L'Hoste, L, Lizee, M, Lorenz, A, Maire, A, Manzanos Arnaiz, J, Mckie, B, Millan, A, Muotka, T, Murphy, J, Ozolins, D, Paavola, R, Paril, P, Penas Silva, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Rubio, M, Sanchez Fernandez, D, Sandin, L, Schafer, R, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Scotti, A, Shen, L, Skuja, A, Stoll, S, Straka, M, Stubbington, R, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Uzunov, Y, van der Lee, G, Vannevel, R, Varadinova, E, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, P, Verdonschot, R, Vidinova, Y, Wiberg-Larsen, P, Haase, P, Welti E. A. R., Bowler D. E., Sinclair J. S., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Amatulli G., Angeler D. G., Archambaud G., Arrate Jorrin I., Aspin T., Azpiroz I., Baker N. J., Banares I., Barquin Ortiz J., Bodin C. L., Bonacina L., Bonada N., Bottarin R., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., Datry T., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Domisch S., Dorflinger G., Drohan E., Eikland K. A., England J., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forcellini M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Friberg N., Fruget J. -F., Garcia Marquez J. R., Georgieva G., Goethals P., Graca M. A. S., House A., Huttunen K. -L., Jensen T. C., Johnson R. K., Jones J. I., Kiesel J., Larranaga A., Leitner P., L'Hoste L., Lizee M. -H., Lorenz A. W., Maire A., Manzanos Arnaiz J. A., Mckie B., Millan A., Muotka T., Murphy J. F., Ozolins D., Paavola R., Paril P., Penas Silva F. J., Polasek M., Rasmussen J., Rubio M., Sanchez Fernandez D., Sandin L., Schafer R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Scotti A., Shen L. Q., Skuja A., Stoll S., Straka M., Stubbington R., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V. G., Tziortzis I., Uzunov Y., van der Lee G. H., Vannevel R., Varadinova E., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot P. F. M., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vidinova Y., Wiberg-Larsen P., Haase P., Welti, E, Bowler, D, Sinclair, J, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Amatulli, G, Angeler, D, Archambaud, G, Arrate Jorrin, I, Aspin, T, Azpiroz, I, Baker, N, Banares, I, Barquin Ortiz, J, Bodin, C, Bonacina, L, Bonada, N, Bottarin, R, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, Datry, T, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Domisch, S, Dorflinger, G, Drohan, E, Eikland, K, England, J, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forcellini, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Friberg, N, Fruget, J, Garcia Marquez, J, Georgieva, G, Goethals, P, Graca, M, House, A, Huttunen, K, Jensen, T, Johnson, R, Jones, J, Kiesel, J, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, L'Hoste, L, Lizee, M, Lorenz, A, Maire, A, Manzanos Arnaiz, J, Mckie, B, Millan, A, Muotka, T, Murphy, J, Ozolins, D, Paavola, R, Paril, P, Penas Silva, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Rubio, M, Sanchez Fernandez, D, Sandin, L, Schafer, R, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Scotti, A, Shen, L, Skuja, A, Stoll, S, Straka, M, Stubbington, R, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Uzunov, Y, van der Lee, G, Vannevel, R, Varadinova, E, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, P, Verdonschot, R, Vidinova, Y, Wiberg-Larsen, P, Haase, P, Welti E. A. R., Bowler D. E., Sinclair J. S., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Amatulli G., Angeler D. G., Archambaud G., Arrate Jorrin I., Aspin T., Azpiroz I., Baker N. J., Banares I., Barquin Ortiz J., Bodin C. L., Bonacina L., Bonada N., Bottarin R., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., Datry T., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Domisch S., Dorflinger G., Drohan E., Eikland K. A., England J., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forcellini M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Friberg N., Fruget J. -F., Garcia Marquez J. R., Georgieva G., Goethals P., Graca M. A. S., House A., Huttunen K. -L., Jensen T. C., Johnson R. K., Jones J. I., Kiesel J., Larranaga A., Leitner P., L'Hoste L., Lizee M. -H., Lorenz A. W., Maire A., Manzanos Arnaiz J. A., Mckie B., Millan A., Muotka T., Murphy J. F., Ozolins D., Paavola R., Paril P., Penas Silva F. J., Polasek M., Rasmussen J., Rubio M., Sanchez Fernandez D., Sandin L., Schafer R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Scotti A., Shen L. Q., Skuja A., Stoll S., Straka M., Stubbington R., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V. G., Tziortzis I., Uzunov Y., van der Lee G. H., Vannevel R., Varadinova E., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot P. F. M., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vidinova Y., Wiberg-Larsen P., and Haase P.

Abstract

Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts.

Published
2024

3. The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt

Author

Haase, P, Bowler, D, Baker, N, Bonada, N, Domisch, S, Garcia Marquez, J, Heino, J, Hering, D, Jahnig, S, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Stubbington, R, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Amatulli, G, Angeler, D, Archambaud-Suard, G, Jorrin, I, Aspin, T, Azpiroz, I, Banares, I, Ortiz, J, Bodin, C, Bonacina, L, Bottarin, R, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, Datry, T, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Dorflinger, G, Drohan, E, Eikland, K, England, J, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forcellini, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Friberg, N, Fruget, J, Georgieva, G, Goethals, P, Graca, M, Graf, W, House, A, Huttunen, K, Jensen, T, Johnson, R, Jones, J, Kiesel, J, Kuglerova, L, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, L'Hoste, L, Lizee, M, Lorenz, A, Maire, A, Arnaiz, J, Mckie, B, Millan, A, Monteith, D, Muotka, T, Murphy, J, Ozolins, D, Paavola, R, Paril, P, Penas, F, Pilotto, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Rubio, M, Sanchez-Fernandez, D, Sandin, L, Schafer, R, Scotti, A, Shen, L, Skuja, A, Stoll, S, Straka, M, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Uzunov, Y, van der Lee, G, Vannevel, R, Varadinova, E, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, P, Verdonschot, R, Vidinova, Y, Wiberg-Larsen, P, Welti, E, Haase P., Bowler D. E., Baker N. J., Bonada N., Domisch S., Garcia Marquez J. R., Heino J., Hering D., Jahnig S. C., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Stubbington R., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Amatulli G., Angeler D. G., Archambaud-Suard G., Jorrin I. A., Aspin T., Azpiroz I., Banares I., Ortiz J. B., Bodin C. L., Bonacina L., Bottarin R., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., Datry T., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Dorflinger G., Drohan E., Eikland K. A., England J., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forcellini M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Friberg N., Fruget J. -F., Georgieva G., Goethals P., Graca M. A. S., Graf W., House A., Huttunen K. -L., Jensen T. C., Johnson R. K., Jones J. I., Kiesel J., Kuglerova L., Larranaga A., Leitner P., L'Hoste L., Lizee M. -H., Lorenz A. W., Maire A., Arnaiz J. A. M., McKie B. G., Millan A., Monteith D., Muotka T., Murphy J. F., Ozolins D., Paavola R., Paril P., Penas F. J., Pilotto F., Polasek M., Rasmussen J. J., Rubio M., Sanchez-Fernandez D., Sandin L., Schafer R. B., Scotti A., Shen L. Q., Skuja A., Stoll S., Straka M., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V. G., Tziortzis I., Uzunov Y., van der Lee G. H., Vannevel R., Varadinova E., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot P. F. M., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vidinova Y., Wiberg-Larsen P., Welti E. A. R., Haase, P, Bowler, D, Baker, N, Bonada, N, Domisch, S, Garcia Marquez, J, Heino, J, Hering, D, Jahnig, S, Schmidt-Kloiber, A, Stubbington, R, Altermatt, F, Alvarez-Cabria, M, Amatulli, G, Angeler, D, Archambaud-Suard, G, Jorrin, I, Aspin, T, Azpiroz, I, Banares, I, Ortiz, J, Bodin, C, Bonacina, L, Bottarin, R, Canedo-Arguelles, M, Csabai, Z, Datry, T, de Eyto, E, Dohet, A, Dorflinger, G, Drohan, E, Eikland, K, England, J, Eriksen, T, Evtimova, V, Feio, M, Ferreol, M, Floury, M, Forcellini, M, Forio, M, Fornaroli, R, Friberg, N, Fruget, J, Georgieva, G, Goethals, P, Graca, M, Graf, W, House, A, Huttunen, K, Jensen, T, Johnson, R, Jones, J, Kiesel, J, Kuglerova, L, Larranaga, A, Leitner, P, L'Hoste, L, Lizee, M, Lorenz, A, Maire, A, Arnaiz, J, Mckie, B, Millan, A, Monteith, D, Muotka, T, Murphy, J, Ozolins, D, Paavola, R, Paril, P, Penas, F, Pilotto, F, Polasek, M, Rasmussen, J, Rubio, M, Sanchez-Fernandez, D, Sandin, L, Schafer, R, Scotti, A, Shen, L, Skuja, A, Stoll, S, Straka, M, Timm, H, Tyufekchieva, V, Tziortzis, I, Uzunov, Y, van der Lee, G, Vannevel, R, Varadinova, E, Varbiro, G, Velle, G, Verdonschot, P, Verdonschot, R, Vidinova, Y, Wiberg-Larsen, P, Welti, E, Haase P., Bowler D. E., Baker N. J., Bonada N., Domisch S., Garcia Marquez J. R., Heino J., Hering D., Jahnig S. C., Schmidt-Kloiber A., Stubbington R., Altermatt F., Alvarez-Cabria M., Amatulli G., Angeler D. G., Archambaud-Suard G., Jorrin I. A., Aspin T., Azpiroz I., Banares I., Ortiz J. B., Bodin C. L., Bonacina L., Bottarin R., Canedo-Arguelles M., Csabai Z., Datry T., de Eyto E., Dohet A., Dorflinger G., Drohan E., Eikland K. A., England J., Eriksen T. E., Evtimova V., Feio M. J., Ferreol M., Floury M., Forcellini M., Forio M. A. E., Fornaroli R., Friberg N., Fruget J. -F., Georgieva G., Goethals P., Graca M. A. S., Graf W., House A., Huttunen K. -L., Jensen T. C., Johnson R. K., Jones J. I., Kiesel J., Kuglerova L., Larranaga A., Leitner P., L'Hoste L., Lizee M. -H., Lorenz A. W., Maire A., Arnaiz J. A. M., McKie B. G., Millan A., Monteith D., Muotka T., Murphy J. F., Ozolins D., Paavola R., Paril P., Penas F. J., Pilotto F., Polasek M., Rasmussen J. J., Rubio M., Sanchez-Fernandez D., Sandin L., Schafer R. B., Scotti A., Shen L. Q., Skuja A., Stoll S., Straka M., Timm H., Tyufekchieva V. G., Tziortzis I., Uzunov Y., van der Lee G. H., Vannevel R., Varadinova E., Varbiro G., Velle G., Verdonschot P. F. M., Verdonschot R. C. M., Vidinova Y., Wiberg-Larsen P., and Welti E. A. R.

Abstract

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss 1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity 2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.

Published
2023

4. Biology Students at Work: Using Blogs to Investigate Personal Epistemologies

Author

Hole, Torstein Nielsen, Velle, G., Riese, H., Raaheim, A., and Simonelli, A. L.

Abstract

This paper reports an investigation of biology students' discussion of knowing in work placements, as accounted in blogs. Twenty-two blogs, containing 78 individual entries, written in conjunction with a work placement course for students in a tertiary level biology program, have been analysed in the study (The blogs are publicly available here: https://biopraksis.w.uib.no). The aim of the paper is to increase understanding of how work placements shape biology students' personal epistemological trajectories. The analysis is performed by employing a theoretical lens that emphasizes the situated nature of knowing, as enacted in working practices. The blog accounts consist of the students' appraisal of their own learning and knowing in work placements, situated in biology undergraduate education. The investigation suggests that the students' personal epistemologies develop in an interplay with context and personal epistemologies to shape their trajectories toward biology knowing. These trajectories have been analysed in terms of their procedural, conceptual, and dispositional dimensions. The use of blogs as a data source is argued to be appropriate to analyse personal epistemologies. Other strengths and weaknesses of this design are discussed.

Published
2018
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5. Light and temperature controls of aquatic plant photosynthesis downstream of a hydropower plant and the effect of plant removal

Author

Demars, B.O.L., Schneider, S.C., Thiemer, K., Dörsch, P., Pulg, U., Stranzl, S., Velle, G., Pathak, Devanshi, Demars, B.O.L., Schneider, S.C., Thiemer, K., Dörsch, P., Pulg, U., Stranzl, S., Velle, G., and Pathak, Devanshi

Abstract

Many rivers worldwide are regulated, and the altered hydrology can lead to mass development of aquatic plants. Plant invasions are often seen as a nuisance for human activities leading to costly remedial actions with uncertain implications for aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Mechanical harvesting is often used to remove aquatic plants and knowledge of plant growth rate could improve management decisions. Here, we used a simple light-temperature theoretical model to make a priori prediction of aquatic plant photosynthesis. These predictions were assessed through an open-channel diel change in O2 mass balance approach. A Michaelis-Menten type model was fitted to observed gross primary production (GPP) standardised at 10 °C using a temperature dependence from thermodynamic theory of enzyme kinetics. The model explained 87 % of the variability in GPP of a submerged aquatic plant (Juncus bulbosus L.) throughout an annual cycle in the River Otra, Norway. The annual net plant production was about 2.4 (1.0–3.8) times the standing biomass of J. bulbosus. This suggests a high continuous mass loss due to hydraulic stress and natural mechanical breakage of stems, as the biomass of J. bulbosus remained relatively constant throughout the year. J. bulbosus was predicted to be resilient to mechanical harvesting with photosynthetic capacity recovered within two years following 50–85 % plant removal. The predicted recovery was confirmed through a field experiment where 72 % of J. bulbosus biomass was mechanically removed. We emphasise the value of using a theoretical approach, like metabolic theory, over statistical models where a posteriori results are not always easy to interpret. Finally, the ability to predict ecosystem resilience of aquatic photosynthesis in response to varying management scenarios offers a valuable tool for estimating aquatic ecosystem services, such as carbon regulation. This tool can benefit the EU Biodivers

Published
2023

6. The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt

Author

Haase, P., Bowler, Diana, Baker, N.J., Bonada, N., Domisch, S., Garcia Marquez, J.R., Heino, J., Hering, D., Jähnig, S.C., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Stubbington, R., Altermatt, F., Álvarez-Cabria, M., Amatulli, G., Angeler, D.G., Archambaud-Suard, G., Arrate Jorrín, I., Aspin, T., Azpiroz, I., Bañares, I., Barquín Ortiz, J., Bodin, C.L., Bonacina, L., Bottarin, R., Cañedo-Argüelles, M., Csabai, Z., Datry, T., de Eyto, E., Dohet, A., Dörflinger, G., Drohan, E., Eikland, K.A., England, J., Eriksen, T.E., Evtimova, V., Feio, M.J., Ferréol, M., Floury, M., Forcellini, M., Eurie Forio, M.A., Fornaroli, R., Friberg, N., Fruget, J.-F., Georgieva, G., Goethals, P., Graça, M.A.S., Graf, W., House, A., Huttunen, K.-L., Jensen, T.C., Johnson, R.K., Jones, J.I., Kiesel, J., Kuglerová, L., Larrañaga, A., Leitner, P., L’Hoste, L., Lizée, M.-H., Lorenz, A.W., Maire, A., Manzanos Arnaiz, J.A., McKie, B.G., Millán, A., Monteith, D., Muotka, T., Murphy, J.F., Ozolins, D., Paavola, R., Paril, P., Peñas, F.J., Pilotto, F., Polášek, M., Rasmussen, J.J., Rubio, M., Sánchez-Fernández, D., Sandin, L., Schäfer, R.B., Scotti, A., Shen, L.Q., Skuja, A., Stoll, S., Straka, M., Timm, H., Tyufekchieva, V.G., Tziortzis, I., Uzunov, Y., van der Lee, G.H., Vannevel, R., Varadinova, E., Várbíró, G., Velle, G., Verdonschot, P.F.M., Verdonschot, R.C.M., Vidinova, Y., Wiberg-Larsen, P., Welti, E.A.R., Haase, P., Bowler, Diana, Baker, N.J., Bonada, N., Domisch, S., Garcia Marquez, J.R., Heino, J., Hering, D., Jähnig, S.C., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Stubbington, R., Altermatt, F., Álvarez-Cabria, M., Amatulli, G., Angeler, D.G., Archambaud-Suard, G., Arrate Jorrín, I., Aspin, T., Azpiroz, I., Bañares, I., Barquín Ortiz, J., Bodin, C.L., Bonacina, L., Bottarin, R., Cañedo-Argüelles, M., Csabai, Z., Datry, T., de Eyto, E., Dohet, A., Dörflinger, G., Drohan, E., Eikland, K.A., England, J., Eriksen, T.E., Evtimova, V., Feio, M.J., Ferréol, M., Floury, M., Forcellini, M., Eurie Forio, M.A., Fornaroli, R., Friberg, N., Fruget, J.-F., Georgieva, G., Goethals, P., Graça, M.A.S., Graf, W., House, A., Huttunen, K.-L., Jensen, T.C., Johnson, R.K., Jones, J.I., Kiesel, J., Kuglerová, L., Larrañaga, A., Leitner, P., L’Hoste, L., Lizée, M.-H., Lorenz, A.W., Maire, A., Manzanos Arnaiz, J.A., McKie, B.G., Millán, A., Monteith, D., Muotka, T., Murphy, J.F., Ozolins, D., Paavola, R., Paril, P., Peñas, F.J., Pilotto, F., Polášek, M., Rasmussen, J.J., Rubio, M., Sánchez-Fernández, D., Sandin, L., Schäfer, R.B., Scotti, A., Shen, L.Q., Skuja, A., Stoll, S., Straka, M., Timm, H., Tyufekchieva, V.G., Tziortzis, I., Uzunov, Y., van der Lee, G.H., Vannevel, R., Varadinova, E., Várbíró, G., Velle, G., Verdonschot, P.F.M., Verdonschot, R.C.M., Vidinova, Y., Wiberg-Larsen, P., and Welti, E.A.R.

Abstract

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss1. Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity2. Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity.

Published
2023

7. The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea; Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya

Author

Coulson, S.J., Convey, P., Aakra, K., Aarvik, L., Ávila-Jiménez, M.L., Babenko, A., Biersma, E.M., Boström, S., Brittain, J.E., Carlsson, A.M., Christoffersen, K., De Smet, W.H., Ekrem, T., Fjellberg, A., Füreder, L., Gustafsson, D., Gwiazdowicz, D.J., Hansen, L.O., Holmstrup, M., Hullé, M., Kaczmarek, Ł., Kolicka, M., Kuklin, V., Lakka, H.-K., Lebedeva, N., Makarova, O., Maraldo, K., Melekhina, E., Ødegaard, F., Pilskog, H.E., Simon, J.C., Sohlenius, B., Solhøy, T., Søli, G., Stur, E., Tanasevitch, A., Taskaeva, A., Velle, G., Zawierucha, K., and Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, K.

Published
2014
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8. A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions

Author

Vilizzi, L., Copp, G.H., Hill, J.E., Adamovich, B., Aislabie, L., Akin, D., Al-Faisal, A.J., Almeida, D., Azmai, M.N.A., Bakiu, R., Bellati, A., Bernier, R., Bies, J.M., Bilge, G., Branco, P., Bui, T.D., Canning-Clode, J., Cardoso Ramos, H.A., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Castro, N., Chaichana, R., Chainho, P., Chan, J., Cunico, A.M., Curd, A., Dangchana, P., Dashinov, D., Davison, P.I., de Camargo, M.P., Dodd, J.A., Durland Donahou, A.L., Edsman, L., Ekmekçi, F.G., Elphinstone-Davis, J., Erős, T., Evangelista, C., Fenwick, G., Ferincz, Á., Ferreira, T., Feunteun, E., Filiz, H., Forneck, S.C., Gajduchenko, H.S., Gama Monteiro, J., Gestoso, I., Giannetto, D., Gilles A.S., Jr, Gizzi, F., Glamuzina, B., Glamuzina, L., Goldsmit, J., Gollasch, S., Goulletquer, P., Grabowska, J., Harmer, R., Haubrock, P.J., He, D., Hean, J.W., Herczeg, G., Howland, K.L., İlhan, A., Interesova, E., Jakubčinová, K., Jelmert, A., Johnsen, S.I., Kakareko, T., Kanongdate, K., Killi, N., Kim, J.-E., Kırankaya, Ş.G., Kňazovická, D., Kopecký, O., Kostov, V., Koutsikos, N., Kozic, S., Kuljanishvili, T., Kumar, B., Kumar, L., Kurita, Y., Kurtul, I., Lazzaro, L., Lee, L., Lehtiniemi, M., Leonardi, G., Leuven, R.S.E.W., Li, S., Lipinskaya, T., Liu, F., Lloyd, L., Lorenzoni, M., Luna, S.A., Lyons, T.J., Magellan, K., Malmstrøm, M., Marchini, A., Marr, S.M., Masson, G., Masson, L., McKenzie, C.H., Memedemin, D., Mendoza, R., Minchin, D., Miossec, L., Moghaddas, S.D., Moshobane, M.C., Mumladze, L., Naddafi, R., Najafi-Majd, E., Năstase, A., Năvodaru, I., Neal, J.W., Nienhuis, S., Nimtim, M., Nolan, E.T., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Ojaveer, H., Olenin, S., Olsson, K., Onikura, N., O'Shaughnessy, K., Paganelli, D., Parretti, P., Patoka, J., Pavia R.T.B., Jr, Pellitteri-Rosa, D., Pelletier-Rousseau, M., Peralta, E.M., Perdikaris, C., Pietraszewski, D., Piria, M., Pitois, S., Pompei, L., Poulet, N., Preda, C., Puntila-Dodd, R., Qashqaei, A.T., Radočaj, T., Rahmani, H., Raj, S., Reeves, D., Ristovska, M., Rizevsky, V., Robertson, D.R., Robertson, P., Ruykys, L., Saba, A.O., Santos, J.M., Sarı, H.M., Segurado, P., Semenchenko, V., Senanan, W., Simard, N., Simonović, P., Skóra, M.E., Slovák Švolíková, K., Smeti, E., Šmídová, T., Špelić, I., Srėbalienė, G., Stasolla, G., Stebbing, P., Števove, B., Suresh, V.R., Szajbert, B., Ta, K.A.T., Tarkan, A.S., Tempesti, J., Therriault, T.W., Tidbury, H.J., Top-Karakuş, N., Tricarico, E., Troca, D.F.A., Tsiamis, K., Tuckett, Q.M., Tutman, P., Uyan, U., Uzunova, E., Vardakas, L., Velle, G., Verreycken, H., Vintsek, L., Wei, H., Weiperth, A., Weyl, O.L.F., Winter, E.R., Włodarczyk, R., Wood, L.E., Yang, R., Yapıcı, S., Yeo, S.S.B., Yoğurtçuoğlu, B., Yunnie, A.L.E., Zhu, Y., Zięba, G., Žitňanová, K., Clarke, S., Vilizzi, L., Copp, G.H., Hill, J.E., Adamovich, B., Aislabie, L., Akin, D., Al-Faisal, A.J., Almeida, D., Azmai, M.N.A., Bakiu, R., Bellati, A., Bernier, R., Bies, J.M., Bilge, G., Branco, P., Bui, T.D., Canning-Clode, J., Cardoso Ramos, H.A., Castellanos-Galindo, G.A., Castro, N., Chaichana, R., Chainho, P., Chan, J., Cunico, A.M., Curd, A., Dangchana, P., Dashinov, D., Davison, P.I., de Camargo, M.P., Dodd, J.A., Durland Donahou, A.L., Edsman, L., Ekmekçi, F.G., Elphinstone-Davis, J., Erős, T., Evangelista, C., Fenwick, G., Ferincz, Á., Ferreira, T., Feunteun, E., Filiz, H., Forneck, S.C., Gajduchenko, H.S., Gama Monteiro, J., Gestoso, I., Giannetto, D., Gilles A.S., Jr, Gizzi, F., Glamuzina, B., Glamuzina, L., Goldsmit, J., Gollasch, S., Goulletquer, P., Grabowska, J., Harmer, R., Haubrock, P.J., He, D., Hean, J.W., Herczeg, G., Howland, K.L., İlhan, A., Interesova, E., Jakubčinová, K., Jelmert, A., Johnsen, S.I., Kakareko, T., Kanongdate, K., Killi, N., Kim, J.-E., Kırankaya, Ş.G., Kňazovická, D., Kopecký, O., Kostov, V., Koutsikos, N., Kozic, S., Kuljanishvili, T., Kumar, B., Kumar, L., Kurita, Y., Kurtul, I., Lazzaro, L., Lee, L., Lehtiniemi, M., Leonardi, G., Leuven, R.S.E.W., Li, S., Lipinskaya, T., Liu, F., Lloyd, L., Lorenzoni, M., Luna, S.A., Lyons, T.J., Magellan, K., Malmstrøm, M., Marchini, A., Marr, S.M., Masson, G., Masson, L., McKenzie, C.H., Memedemin, D., Mendoza, R., Minchin, D., Miossec, L., Moghaddas, S.D., Moshobane, M.C., Mumladze, L., Naddafi, R., Najafi-Majd, E., Năstase, A., Năvodaru, I., Neal, J.W., Nienhuis, S., Nimtim, M., Nolan, E.T., Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., Ojaveer, H., Olenin, S., Olsson, K., Onikura, N., O'Shaughnessy, K., Paganelli, D., Parretti, P., Patoka, J., Pavia R.T.B., Jr, Pellitteri-Rosa, D., Pelletier-Rousseau, M., Peralta, E.M., Perdikaris, C., Pietraszewski, D., Piria, M., Pitois, S., Pompei, L., Poulet, N., Preda, C., Puntila-Dodd, R., Qashqaei, A.T., Radočaj, T., Rahmani, H., Raj, S., Reeves, D., Ristovska, M., Rizevsky, V., Robertson, D.R., Robertson, P., Ruykys, L., Saba, A.O., Santos, J.M., Sarı, H.M., Segurado, P., Semenchenko, V., Senanan, W., Simard, N., Simonović, P., Skóra, M.E., Slovák Švolíková, K., Smeti, E., Šmídová, T., Špelić, I., Srėbalienė, G., Stasolla, G., Stebbing, P., Števove, B., Suresh, V.R., Szajbert, B., Ta, K.A.T., Tarkan, A.S., Tempesti, J., Therriault, T.W., Tidbury, H.J., Top-Karakuş, N., Tricarico, E., Troca, D.F.A., Tsiamis, K., Tuckett, Q.M., Tutman, P., Uyan, U., Uzunova, E., Vardakas, L., Velle, G., Verreycken, H., Vintsek, L., Wei, H., Weiperth, A., Weyl, O.L.F., Winter, E.R., Włodarczyk, R., Wood, L.E., Yang, R., Yapıcı, S., Yeo, S.S.B., Yoğurtçuoğlu, B., Yunnie, A.L.E., Zhu, Y., Zięba, G., Žitňanová, K., and Clarke, S.

Abstract

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a ‘very high risk’ of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate ‘rapid’ management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be r

Published
2021

12. Environmental and biological characteristics of high altitude lochs in Scotland

Author

Kernan M (1), Brancelj A. (2), Clarke G. (1), A. Lami, Raddum G. (4), Straškrábová V. (5), Stuchlík E. (6), Velle G. (7), and Ventura M. (8)

Subjects
multivariate analysis, Scotland, species composition, environmental gradients, Mountain lakes
Abstract

As part of a comprehensive evaluation of the status of remote mountain lake ecosystems throughout Europe, the response of key organisms in mountain lakes to variations in environmental gradients due to geography and climate, pollution and catchment characteristics was evaluated. Samples were taken from the pelagic (zooplankton, bacteria and chlorophyll a) and littoral (benthic invertebrates and epilithic diatoms) zones. Surface sediment core sub-samples were taken for analysis of sub-fossil cladocera, chironomids, diatoms and pigments. Concentrations of trace metals, persistent organic pollutants and spheroidal carbonaceous particles were also measured. This paper describes the variation in species composition and environmental characteristics of upland lochs across northern Scotland and examines how the former may be related to the latter. Multivariate techniques were employed to examine patterns and relationships within and among the multivariate species and environmental datasets. Results show that in remote mountain lakes in Scotland, biological assemblages of key organisms groups are driven by a number of environmental gradients, in particular organic content and acid-base status. It appears that these systems can broadly be divided, on the basis of their species composition into two main types. Low alkalinity lochs with sparse soil coverage at higher altitudes have distinctly different biological communities compared with lochs with high organic levels and high proportions of peaty soils in the catchments.

Published
2009

13. Environmental changes in the Rila Mountains, Southwestern Bulgaria, as recorded by the sediments of a remote lake

Author

Ognjanova-Rumenova N. (1), Botev I. (2), Velle G. (3), Rose N.L. (4), Appleby P. (5), Brancelj A. (6), Lami A., and Musazzi S.

Subjects
alpine lake sediments, Rila Mountains, pigments, spheroidal carbonaceous particles, diatoms
Abstract

Chemical and biological sedimentary records of the high alpine lake “Bubreka”, Rila Mountains, Bulgaria, were used to reconstruct palaeoecological conditions and to determine the phases in the ontogeny of the lake. Sediment cores taken in 2000 were dated by 210Pb and 137Cs and analysed for percentage of dry weight (%DW), loss-on-ignition (LOI), pigments, diatoms, chrysophyte stomatocysts, cladocerans, chironomids and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs). The studies on Lake Bubreka show that high mountain lakes are good sites for the study of the evolution and effects of the long range transport of atmospheric pollutants from the industrial lowlands to mountain regions. Four distinct successional phases can be described in the lake history during the last ~ 250 years, revealing complex interactions between anthropogenic impact and climate. Phase 1 (c. AD 1762-1834) is characterised by stable oligotrophical conditions. During Phase 2 (c. AD 1834 -1928) there is a change from oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions. Phase 3 (c. AD 1928 - 1994 ± 2) shows an increase in LOI due to the high proportion of organic material. The shorter ice cover period in the lake may have created conditions more suitable for the growth of phyto- and zooplankton and changed the overall primary production from benthos to plankton. In Phase 4 (c. AD 1994 ± 2 - 2000) there is increased LOI, increasing percentages of periphytic diatoms, less favorable conditions for cladocerans, and rheophilic chironomid assemblages which indicate rapid input of nutrients causing mesotrophication. The SCP record and comparisons with other European mountain lakes suggest there is a moderate impact from atmospheric deposition compared with similar lakes elsewhere in Europe.

Published
2009

14. Atmospheric contamination and ecological changes inferred from the sediment record of Lacul Negru in the Retezat National Park, Romania

Author

Rose N.L.(1), Coglniceanu D. (2), Appleby P.G. (3), Brancelj A. (4), Camarero L. (5), Fernández P U. (6), Grimalt J.O. (6), Kernan M. (1), Lami A., Musazzi S., Quiroz R. (7), and Velle G. (5)

Subjects
cambiamento climatico, pigmenti algali, Montagna, paleolimnologia
Abstract

Lacul Negru is a remote lake located in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania, within the Retezat National Park. In 2000, four sediment cores were taken from the deep area of the lake for a multi-pollutant, multi-proxy study to determine temporal trends in pollutant inputs and ecological change. One core was radiometrically dated and the other cores correlated to it by lithostratigraphic means. Analyses included persistent organic pollutants (POPs), trace elements, spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), C, N and S, pigments, and the preserved remains of cladocerans and chironomids. Indications of contamination from as early as the 16th century occur in the records of Zn and Cd and from the 18th century for Pb, Cd and Hg. Temporal agreement between the records of Hg, Pb, As and SCPs suggests recent impacts from coal combustion sources, while the record of pyrolitic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) also implicates other industrial sources. The level of contamination in the sediments of Lacul Negru is typically higher than in mountain lakes in Scandinavia, but lower than that found in the Tatra Mountains, the Central Alps and in the UK. Chironomid, cladoceran, elemental (C, N and S) and pigment data all indicate changes in response to an increase in the trophic status of the lake since the beginning of the 20th century which may be linked to the introduction of grazing animals between 1920 and 1960. Elemental analysis also points to an increase in autochthonous production while pigment data indicate an increase in invertebrate grazing pressure within the lake. This seems to correspond with trends in the fish population which, despite repeated attempts at re-stocking in the 1960s, has declined possibly as a result of limited availability of spawning areas within the lake.

Published
2009

15. Regionalisation of remote European mountain lake ecosystems according to their biota: environmental vs. geographical patterns

Author

Kernan, M., Ventura, Marc, Bitusik, P., Brancelj, A., Clarke, Gina, Velle, G., Raddum, G., Stuchlík, Evzen, and Catalán, Jordi

Subjects
Species composition, Remote mountain lakes, Regionalisation, Environmental gradients, Partial ordination
Abstract

24 páginas, 3 figuras, 4 tablas., 1. A survey of c. 350 remote high altitude and high latitude lakes from 11 different mountain regions was undertaken to explore species distribution across Europe at a scale not previously attempted. 2. Lakes were sampled for planktonic crustaceans, rotifers, littoral invertebrates and sub-fossil chironomids, diatoms and cladocerans. Each lake was characterised in terms of water chemistry, morphology, catchment attributes and geographical location. 3. Separate twinspan analyses were undertaken on diatom, chironomid, planktonic crustacean, littoral invertebrate and cladoceran (chydorids only) data to classify sites according to taxonomic composition. For most datasets there was a spatial component to the classification with distinct geographical groups emerging – Norway and Scotland, Finland and Central/Eastern Europe. 4. Constrained ordination methods were employed to examine how species responded to a range of environmental factors, which were aggregated into a series of component groups – proximal environment (the chemical, trophic and physical attributes of the lake), catchment characteristics and geographical location. Several key environmental gradients were identified, which explained significant levels of the variance across several of the biological groups including dissolved organic carbon (chironomids, planktonic crustaceans), temperature (chironomids and littoral invertebrates), chloride/sea-salt (littoral invertebrates, diatoms and rotifers), lake morphology (all groups), calcium/pH (diatoms), nitrate (chydorids, littoral invertebrates, rotifers and planktonic crustaceans) and fish (littoral invertebrates). In some cases these statistical relationships are likely to represent direct ecological constraints and, in others, it is probable that the environmental variable is acting as a surrogate for some other attribute or process. 5. Variance partitioning was undertaken to quantify how much of the variation in each biological group could be uniquely attributed to variables representing the proximal environment, catchment characteristics and geographical location. For most groups the location of the lake tends to explain the greatest variation in species composition across the Lake Districts. The proximal environment was also important but, with the exception of diatoms, secondary to location. Therefore, a strong geographical signal emerged from the analyses. Three distinct limno-regions were identified; Nordic (Scotland and Norway), Sub-Arctic (Northern Finland) and Alpine (Pyrenees, the Alps and Eastern Europe ranges). 6. Our results have implications for the development of regionalisation schemes based on biological responses to environmental gradients; (i) lake ‘types’ based on environmental factors cannot be extrapolated throughout Europe, even within the relatively narrow gradients found in remote mountain lakes, (ii) biotic response to large-scale variations in environmental conditions, such as those that could be expected with climate change, is likely to vary according to regions because of the biogeographical differences among them., The financial support from the EU projects EMERGE (EVK1-CT-1999-00032) and Euro-limpacs (GOCE-CT-2003-505540) is acknowledged.

Published
2009

16. Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) communities in six European glacier-fed streams

Author

Lods Crozet, B., Lencioni, V., Olafsson, J.S., Snook, D.L., Velle, G., Brittain, J.E., Castella, E., and Rossaro, B.

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, alpine, arctic, glacial stream, Chironomidae, latitudinal distribution, Arctic, Latitudinal distribution, Settore BIO/05 - Zoologia, ddc:550, Glacial stream, Alpine
Abstract

1. A study on glacial stream ecosystems was carried out in six regions across Europe, from Svalbard to the French Pyrenees. The main aim was to test the validity of the conceptual model of Milner & Petts (1994) with regard to the zonation of chironomids of glacier-fed rivers along altitudinal and latitudinal gradient. 2. Channel stability varied considerably, both on the latitudinal and altitudinal scale, being lowest in the northern regions (Svalbard, Iceland and Norway) and the Swiss Alps. Water temperature at the upstream sites was always

Published
2001

21. Late Quaternary chironomid community structure shaped by rate and magnitude of climate change

Author

Mayfield, R.J., Langdon, P.G., Doncaster, C.P., Dearing, J.A., Wang, R., Velle, G., Davies, Kimberley, Brooks, S.J., Mayfield, R.J., Langdon, P.G., Doncaster, C.P., Dearing, J.A., Wang, R., Velle, G., Davies, Kimberley, and Brooks, S.J.

Abstract

Much is known about how climate change impacts ecosystem richness and turnover, but we have less understanding of its influence on ecosystem structures. Here, we use ecological metrics (beta diversity, compositional disorder and network skewness) to quantify the community structural responses of temperature-sensitive chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) during the Late Glacial (14 700–11 700 cal a bp) and Holocene (11 700 cal a bp to present). Analyses demonstrate high turnover (beta diversity) of chironomid composition across both epochs; however, structural metrics stayed relatively intact. Compositional disorder and skewness show greatest structural change in the Younger Dryas, following the rapid, high-magnitude climate change at the Bølling–Allerød to Younger Dryas transition. There were fewer climate-related structural changes across the early to mid–late Holocene, where climate change was more gradual and lower in magnitude. The reduced impact on structural metrics could be due to greater functional resilience provided by the wider chironomid community, or to the replacement of same functional-type taxa in the network structure. These results provide insight into how future rapid climate change may alter chironomid communities and could suggest that while turnover may remain high under a rapidly warming climate, community structural dynamics retain some resilience.

22. Assessing the potential for gas supersaturation downstream of hydropower plants in Norway, Austria and Germany.

Author

Pulg U, Lennox RJ, Enqvist M, Stranzl SF, Espedal EO, Schwarz M, Lorke A, Flödl P, Hauer C, Schletterer M, Halleraker JH, and Velle G

Subjects
Austria, Germany, Norway, Risk Assessment, Rivers chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Gases analysis, Power Plants, Environmental Monitoring methods
Abstract

Hydroelectric power facilities can generate episodic total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS), which is harmful to aquatic life. We developed a decision tree-based risk assessment to identify the potential for TDGS at hydropower plants and conducted validation measurements at selected facilities. Applying the risk model to Norway's hydropower plants (n = 1696) identified 473 (28 %) high-risk plants characterized by secondary intakes and Francis or Kaplan turbines, which are prone to generating TDGS when air is entrained. More than half of them discharge directly to rivers (283, 17 % of total). Measurements at 11 high-risk plants showed that 8 of them exhibited biologically relevant TDGS (120 % to 229 %). In Austria and Germany, the analysis of hydropower plants was limited due to significant data constraints. Out of 153 hydropower plants in Austria, 80 % were categorized at moderate risk for TDGS. Two Austrian plants were monitored, revealing instances of TDGS in both (up to 125 %). In Germany, out of 403 hydropower plants, 265 (66 %) fell into the moderate risk, with none in the high-risk category. At a dam in the Rhine River, TDGS up to 118 % were observed. Given the uncertainty due to limited data access and the prevalence of run-of-river plants in Austria and Germany, there remains an unclarified risk of TDGS generation in these countries, especially at spillways of dams and below aerated turbines. The results indicate a previously overlooked potential for the generation of biologically harmful TDGS at hydropower installations. It is recommended to systematically screen for TDGS at hydropower installations through risk assessment, monitoring, and, where needed, the implementation of mitigation measures. This is increasingly critical considering the expanding global initiatives in hydropower and efforts to maintain the ecological status of freshwater ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Martin Schletterer reports a relationship with TIWAG Tyrolean Hydropower that includes: employment. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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23. Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers.

Author

Welti EAR, Bowler DE, Sinclair JS, Altermatt F, Álvarez-Cabria M, Amatulli G, Angeler DG, Archambaud G, Arrate Jorrín I, Aspin T, Azpiroz I, Baker NJ, Bañares I, Barquín Ortiz J, Bodin CL, Bonacina L, Bonada N, Bottarin R, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Csabai Z, Datry T, de Eyto E, Dohet A, Domisch S, Dörflinger G, Drohan E, Eikland KA, England J, Eriksen TE, Evtimova V, Feio MJ, Ferréol M, Floury M, Forcellini M, Forio MAE, Fornaroli R, Friberg N, Fruget JF, Garcia Marquez JR, Georgieva G, Goethals P, Graça MAS, House A, Huttunen KL, Jensen TC, Johnson RK, Jones JI, Kiesel J, Larrañaga A, Leitner P, L'Hoste L, Lizée MH, Lorenz AW, Maire A, Manzanos Arnaiz JA, Mckie B, Millán A, Muotka T, Murphy JF, Ozolins D, Paavola R, Paril P, Peñas Silva FJ, Polasek M, Rasmussen J, Rubio M, Sánchez Fernández D, Sandin L, Schäfer RB, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Scotti A, Shen LQ, Skuja A, Stoll S, Straka M, Stubbington R, Timm H, Tyufekchieva VG, Tziortzis I, Uzunov Y, van der Lee GH, Vannevel R, Varadinova E, Várbíró G, Velle G, Verdonschot PFM, Verdonschot RCM, Vidinova Y, Wiberg-Larsen P, and Haase P

Subjects
Animals, Europe, Fresh Water, Population Dynamics, Water Quality, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Invertebrates, Rivers
Abstract

Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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24. Multi-decadal improvements in the ecological quality of European rivers are not consistently reflected in biodiversity metrics.

Author

Sinclair JS, Welti EAR, Altermatt F, Álvarez-Cabria M, Aroviita J, Baker NJ, Barešová L, Barquín J, Bonacina L, Bonada N, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Csabai Z, de Eyto E, Dohet A, Dörflinger G, Eriksen TE, Evtimova V, Feio MJ, Ferréol M, Floury M, Forio MAE, Fornaroli R, Goethals PLM, Heino J, Hering D, Huttunen KL, Jähnig SC, Johnson RK, Kuglerová L, Kupilas B, L'Hoste L, Larrañaga A, Leitner P, Lorenz AW, McKie BG, Muotka T, Osadčaja D, Paavola R, Palinauskas V, Pařil P, Pilotto F, Polášek M, Rasmussen JJ, Schäfer RB, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Scotti A, Skuja A, Straka M, Stubbington R, Timm H, Tyufekchieva V, Tziortzis I, Vannevel R, Várbíró G, Velle G, Verdonschot RCM, Vray S, and Haase P

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Invertebrates, Rivers, Europe, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
Abstract

Humans impact terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems, yet many broad-scale studies have found no systematic, negative biodiversity changes (for example, decreasing abundance or taxon richness). Here we show that mixed biodiversity responses may arise because community metrics show variable responses to anthropogenic impacts across broad spatial scales. We first quantified temporal trends in anthropogenic impacts for 1,365 riverine invertebrate communities from 23 European countries, based on similarity to least-impacted reference communities. Reference comparisons provide necessary, but often missing, baselines for evaluating whether communities are negatively impacted or have improved (less or more similar, respectively). We then determined whether changing impacts were consistently reflected in metrics of community abundance, taxon richness, evenness and composition. Invertebrate communities improved, that is, became more similar to reference conditions, from 1992 until the 2010s, after which improvements plateaued. Improvements were generally reflected by higher taxon richness, providing evidence that certain community metrics can broadly indicate anthropogenic impacts. However, richness responses were highly variable among sites, and we found no consistent responses in community abundance, evenness or composition. These findings suggest that, without sufficient data and careful metric selection, many common community metrics cannot reliably reflect anthropogenic impacts, helping explain the prevalence of mixed biodiversity trends., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2024
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25. Light and temperature controls of aquatic plant photosynthesis downstream of a hydropower plant and the effect of plant removal.

Author

Demars BOL, Schneider SC, Thiemer K, Dörsch P, Pulg U, Stranzl S, Velle G, and Pathak D

Subjects
Humans, Temperature, Biomass, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Photosynthesis physiology
Abstract

Many rivers worldwide are regulated, and the altered hydrology can lead to mass development of aquatic plants. Plant invasions are often seen as a nuisance for human activities leading to costly remedial actions with uncertain implications for aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Mechanical harvesting is often used to remove aquatic plants and knowledge of plant growth rate could improve management decisions. Here, we used a simple light-temperature theoretical model to make a priori prediction of aquatic plant photosynthesis. These predictions were assessed through an open-channel diel change in O 2 mass balance approach. A Michaelis-Menten type model was fitted to observed gross primary production (GPP) standardised at 10 °C using a temperature dependence from thermodynamic theory of enzyme kinetics. The model explained 87 % of the variability in GPP of a submerged aquatic plant (Juncus bulbosus L.) throughout an annual cycle in the River Otra, Norway. The annual net plant production was about 2.4 (1.0-3.8) times the standing biomass of J. bulbosus. This suggests a high continuous mass loss due to hydraulic stress and natural mechanical breakage of stems, as the biomass of J. bulbosus remained relatively constant throughout the year. J. bulbosus was predicted to be resilient to mechanical harvesting with photosynthetic capacity recovered within two years following 50-85 % plant removal. The predicted recovery was confirmed through a field experiment where 72 % of J. bulbosus biomass was mechanically removed. We emphasise the value of using a theoretical approach, like metabolic theory, over statistical models where a posteriori results are not always easy to interpret. Finally, the ability to predict ecosystem resilience of aquatic photosynthesis in response to varying management scenarios offers a valuable tool for estimating aquatic ecosystem services, such as carbon regulation. This tool can benefit the EU Biodiversity Strategy and UN Sustainable Development Goals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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26. No additional stress of sublethal gas supersaturation in a landlocked population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to environmental acidification.

Author

Höglund E, Loland LZ, Høgberget R, Skov PV, and Velle G

Subjects
Animals, Hydrocortisone, Homeostasis, Rivers, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Salmo salar
Abstract

The landlocked Atlantic salmon population "bleke" faces extinction due to environmental acidification (EA) and hydropower expansion in the Norwegian river Otra. Despite of restoration, unexpected mortality has been reported for this population, possibly due to gas bubble trauma (GBT) from gas supersaturation (GSS) downstream of hydroelectric plants, or EA induced aluminum toxicity. In this study, we applied the allostasis concept to investigate interactions between EA and GBT. This concept comprises additive effects of stressors, which can lead to allostatic overload. Stress coping mechanisms become maladaptive in such situations, which can be indicated by an inability to mount a proper cortisol response in fish. Fish were exposed to sublethal levels of simulated EA (SEA), GSS (a total gas pressure; TGP; of 110%) or a combination of these stressors for six days. Effects on allostatic load were subsequently investigated by assessing the cortisol response to an acute stress test. SEA increased cortisol responsiveness and GSS induced clinical signs of GBT, but no interacting effects between GSS and SEA were observed. This suggests that that 110% TGP did not have an additive effect on the allostatic load imposed by SEA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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27. Behaviour of anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a hydropower regulated freshwater system.

Author

Dahlmo LS, Velle G, Nilsen CI, Pulg U, Lennox RJ, and Vollset KW

Abstract

Many Norwegian rivers and lakes are regulated for hydropower, which affects freshwater ecosystems and anadromous fish species, such as sea trout (Salmo trutta). Lakes are an important feature of many anadromous river systems. However, there is limited knowledge on the importance of lakes as habitat for sea trout and how hydropower affects the behaviour of sea trout in lakes. To investigate this, we conducted an acoustic telemetry study. A total of 31 adult sea trout (532 ± 93 mm total length) were captured by angling in river Aurlandselva, Norway, and tagged between July 20 and August 12, 2021. The tags were instrumented with accelerometer, temperature, and depth sensors, which provided information on the sea trout's presence and behaviour in lake Vassbygdevatnet. Our results indicate that there was a large prevalence of sea trout in the lake during the spawning migration, and that the sea trout were less active in the lake compared to the riverine habitats. An increase in activity of sea trout in the lake during autumn might indicate that sea trout spawn in the lake. However, the discharge from the high-head storage plant into the lake did not affect the depth use or activity of sea trout in the lake. Furthermore, the large prevalence of spawners in the lake during autumn will likely cause an underestimation of the size of the sea trout population in rivers with lakes during annual stock assessment. In conclusion, our results could not find evidence of a large impact of the discharge on the behaviour of sea trout in the lake., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
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28. The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt.

Author

Haase P, Bowler DE, Baker NJ, Bonada N, Domisch S, Garcia Marquez JR, Heino J, Hering D, Jähnig SC, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Stubbington R, Altermatt F, Álvarez-Cabria M, Amatulli G, Angeler DG, Archambaud-Suard G, Jorrín IA, Aspin T, Azpiroz I, Bañares I, Ortiz JB, Bodin CL, Bonacina L, Bottarin R, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Csabai Z, Datry T, de Eyto E, Dohet A, Dörflinger G, Drohan E, Eikland KA, England J, Eriksen TE, Evtimova V, Feio MJ, Ferréol M, Floury M, Forcellini M, Forio MAE, Fornaroli R, Friberg N, Fruget JF, Georgieva G, Goethals P, Graça MAS, Graf W, House A, Huttunen KL, Jensen TC, Johnson RK, Jones JI, Kiesel J, Kuglerová L, Larrañaga A, Leitner P, L'Hoste L, Lizée MH, Lorenz AW, Maire A, Arnaiz JAM, McKie BG, Millán A, Monteith D, Muotka T, Murphy JF, Ozolins D, Paavola R, Paril P, Peñas FJ, Pilotto F, Polášek M, Rasmussen JJ, Rubio M, Sánchez-Fernández D, Sandin L, Schäfer RB, Scotti A, Shen LQ, Skuja A, Stoll S, Straka M, Timm H, Tyufekchieva VG, Tziortzis I, Uzunov Y, van der Lee GH, Vannevel R, Varadinova E, Várbíró G, Velle G, Verdonschot PFM, Verdonschot RCM, Vidinova Y, Wiberg-Larsen P, and Welti EAR

Subjects
Animals, Introduced Species trends, Europe, Human Activities, Hydrobiology, Time Factors, Crop Production, Urbanization, Global Warming, Water Pollutants analysis, Biodiversity, Fresh Water, Invertebrates classification, Invertebrates physiology, Conservation of Water Resources statistics & numerical data, Conservation of Water Resources trends, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to biodiversity loss 1 . Mitigation measures, including wastewater treatment and hydromorphological restoration, have aimed to improve environmental quality and foster the recovery of freshwater biodiversity 2 . Here, using 1,816 time series of freshwater invertebrate communities collected across 22 European countries between 1968 and 2020, we quantified temporal trends in taxonomic and functional diversity and their responses to environmental pressures and gradients. We observed overall increases in taxon richness (0.73% per year), functional richness (2.4% per year) and abundance (1.17% per year). However, these increases primarily occurred before the 2010s, and have since plateaued. Freshwater communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery. Communities at sites with faster rates of warming had fewer gains in taxon richness, functional richness and abundance. Although biodiversity gains in the 1990s and 2000s probably reflect the effectiveness of water-quality improvements and restoration projects, the decelerating trajectory in the 2010s suggests that the current measures offer diminishing returns. Given new and persistent pressures on freshwater ecosystems, including emerging pollutants, climate change and the spread of invasive species, we call for additional mitigation to revive the recovery of freshwater biodiversity., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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29. A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions.

Author

Vilizzi L, Copp GH, Hill JE, Adamovich B, Aislabie L, Akin D, Al-Faisal AJ, Almeida D, Azmai MNA, Bakiu R, Bellati A, Bernier R, Bies JM, Bilge G, Branco P, Bui TD, Canning-Clode J, Cardoso Ramos HA, Castellanos-Galindo GA, Castro N, Chaichana R, Chainho P, Chan J, Cunico AM, Curd A, Dangchana P, Dashinov D, Davison PI, de Camargo MP, Dodd JA, Durland Donahou AL, Edsman L, Ekmekçi FG, Elphinstone-Davis J, Erős T, Evangelista C, Fenwick G, Ferincz Á, Ferreira T, Feunteun E, Filiz H, Forneck SC, Gajduchenko HS, Gama Monteiro J, Gestoso I, Giannetto D, Gilles AS Jr, Gizzi F, Glamuzina B, Glamuzina L, Goldsmit J, Gollasch S, Goulletquer P, Grabowska J, Harmer R, Haubrock PJ, He D, Hean JW, Herczeg G, Howland KL, İlhan A, Interesova E, Jakubčinová K, Jelmert A, Johnsen SI, Kakareko T, Kanongdate K, Killi N, Kim JE, Kırankaya ŞG, Kňazovická D, Kopecký O, Kostov V, Koutsikos N, Kozic S, Kuljanishvili T, Kumar B, Kumar L, Kurita Y, Kurtul I, Lazzaro L, Lee L, Lehtiniemi M, Leonardi G, Leuven RSEW, Li S, Lipinskaya T, Liu F, Lloyd L, Lorenzoni M, Luna SA, Lyons TJ, Magellan K, Malmstrøm M, Marchini A, Marr SM, Masson G, Masson L, McKenzie CH, Memedemin D, Mendoza R, Minchin D, Miossec L, Moghaddas SD, Moshobane MC, Mumladze L, Naddafi R, Najafi-Majd E, Năstase A, Năvodaru I, Neal JW, Nienhuis S, Nimtim M, Nolan ET, Occhipinti-Ambrogi A, Ojaveer H, Olenin S, Olsson K, Onikura N, O'Shaughnessy K, Paganelli D, Parretti P, Patoka J, Pavia RTB Jr, Pellitteri-Rosa D, Pelletier-Rousseau M, Peralta EM, Perdikaris C, Pietraszewski D, Piria M, Pitois S, Pompei L, Poulet N, Preda C, Puntila-Dodd R, Qashqaei AT, Radočaj T, Rahmani H, Raj S, Reeves D, Ristovska M, Rizevsky V, Robertson DR, Robertson P, Ruykys L, Saba AO, Santos JM, Sarı HM, Segurado P, Semenchenko V, Senanan W, Simard N, Simonović P, Skóra ME, Slovák Švolíková K, Smeti E, Šmídová T, Špelić I, Srėbalienė G, Stasolla G, Stebbing P, Števove B, Suresh VR, Szajbert B, Ta KAT, Tarkan AS, Tempesti J, Therriault TW, Tidbury HJ, Top-Karakuş N, Tricarico E, Troca DFA, Tsiamis K, Tuckett QM, Tutman P, Uyan U, Uzunova E, Vardakas L, Velle G, Verreycken H, Vintsek L, Wei H, Weiperth A, Weyl OLF, Winter ER, Włodarczyk R, Wood LE, Yang R, Yapıcı S, Yeo SSB, Yoğurtçuoğlu B, Yunnie ALE, Zhu Y, Zięba G, Žitňanová K, and Clarke S

Subjects
Animals, Aquatic Organisms, Climate Change, Fresh Water, Ecosystem, Introduced Species
Abstract

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a 'very high risk' of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate 'rapid' management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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30. Publisher Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records.

Author

Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, and Zhilich S

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
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31. Author Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records.

Author

Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, and Zhilich S

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
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32. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records.

Author

Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, and Zhilich S

Abstract

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format.

Published
2020
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33. First observations of saturopeaking: Characteristics and implications.

Author

Pulg U, Vollset KW, Velle G, and Stranzl S

Subjects
Norway, Gases analysis, Power Plants, Rivers chemistry, Water Movements
Abstract

During the monitoring of total dissolved gas (TDG) saturation in the Vetlefjordelva River in western Norway in 2014-2015, characteristic waves of supersaturated water were discovered. These waves were significantly correlated with hydropower operation, which was run by hydropeaking (R 2 =0.82, p<0.001). The TDG saturation varied between 99% and 108%, with a median of 105%. The term "saturopeaking" is introduced for these waves, defined as the artificial, rapid, periodic and frequent fluctuation of gas saturation caused by hydropeaking. Hydropeaking is recognized as hydropower operation that rapidly fluctuates according to the electricity market demand. Though the observed TDG saturation levels were moderate and not likely to cause acute effects on biota, we expect that the observed saturopeaking may have significant ecological impacts in general, especially in cases with TDG saturation levels >110^% which is considered as potentially lethal for fish in rivers., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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34. [Antilipemic and coronary-active treatment of arteriosclerosis: clinical experience].

Author

Poggio R and Velle G

Subjects
Aged, Chromonar therapeutic use, Coronary Vessels drug effects, Drug Combinations, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester therapeutic use, Arteriosclerosis drug therapy, Chromonar administration & dosage, Coronary Disease drug therapy, Coumarins administration & dosage, Hypolipidemic Agents therapeutic use, Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester administration & dosage, Polysaccharides administration & dosage
Published
1978

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