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2. Internal Limiting Membrane Flaps in Macular Hole Surgery: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Author

Vishal Agrawal, Agarwal, Divya, Berrod, Jean-Paul, Conart, Jean-Baptiste, Fallico, Matteo, Findl, Oliver, Ghassemi, Fariba, Hernandez-Da Mota, Sergio E., Kakkar, Prateek, Kannan, Naresh Babu, Jafari, Hassan Khojasteh, Kumar, Atul, Leisser, Christoph, Manasa, Sreekumar, Marolo, Paola, Nawrocki, Jerzy, Nawrocka, Zofia Anna, Placentino, Luca, Ramirez-Estudillo, J. Abel, Reibaldi, Michele, Riazi-Esfahani, Hamid, Ripandelli, Guido, Rossi, Tommaso, Tian, Tian, Velez-Montoya, Raul, Zhang, Xiang, Zhao, Peiquan, Tzoumas, Nikolaos, McNally, Thomas W., Teh, Boon Lin, Zaman, Michele, Yorston, David, Lois, Noemi, Chaudhary, Varun, and Steel, David H.

Published
2025
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3. Bispecific VEGF-A and Angiopoietin-2 Antagonist RO-101 Preclinical Efficacy in Model of Neovascular Eye Disease

Author

Xu, Li, Prentice, Jessi R., Velez-Montoya, Raul, Sinha, Alina, Barakat, Mark R., Gupta, Ashwin, Lowenthal, Robert, Khanani, Arshad M., Kaiser, Peter K., Heier, Jeffrey S., Jones, Anthony, Morgenstern, Joshua L., Strong Caldwell, Anne, Mueller, Niklaus, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, Huvard, Michael, Olson, Jeffrey L., Bhatt, Ramesh, and Bhandari, Ramanath

Published
2024
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4. Comparison of the biometric values obtained by two different A-mode ultrasound devices (Eye Cubed vs. PalmScan): A Transversal, descriptive, and comparative study

Author

Quiroz-Mercado Hugo, Salcedo-Villanueva Guillermo, Mayorquin-Ruiz Mariana, López-Miranda Miriam, Shusterman Eugene, Velez-Montoya Raul, and Morales-Cantón Virgilio

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Background To assess the reliability of the measurements obtained with the PalmScan™, when compared with another standardized A-mode ultrasound device, and assess the consistency and correlation between the two methods. Methods Transversal, descriptive, and comparative study. We recorded the axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) obtained with two A-mode ultrasounds (PalmScan™ A2000 and Eye Cubed™) using an immersion technique. We compared the measurements with a two-sample t-test. Agreement between the two devices was assessed with Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement. Results 70 eyes of 70 patients were enrolled in this study. The measurements with the Eye Cubed™ of AL and ACD were shorter than the measurements taken by the PalmScan™. The differences were not statistically significant regarding AL (p < 0.4) but significant regarding ACD (p < 0.001). The highest agreement between the two devices was obtained during LT measurement. The PalmScan™ measurements were shorter, but not statistically significantly (p < 0.2). Conclusions The values of AL and LT, obtained with both devices are not identical, but within the limits of agreement. The agreement is not affected by the magnitude of the ocular dimensions (but only between range of 20 mm to 27 mm of AL and 3.5 mm to 5.7 mm of LT). A correction of about 0.5 D could be considered if an intraocular lens is being calculated. However due to the large variability of the results, the authors recommend discretion in using this conversion factor, and to adjust the power of the intraocular lenses based upon the personal experience of the surgeon.

Published
2010
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5. The Effect of Macular Hole Duration on Surgical Outcomes: An Individual Participant Data Study of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Qu, Jinfeng, Zhao, Mingwei, Sadda, Srinivas, Manasa, Sreekumar, Agarwal, Divya, Kumar, Atul, Kakkar, Prateek, Bourgault, Serge, Tourville, Eric, Velez-Montoya, Raul, Hernandez-Da Mota, Sergio E., Ramirez-Estudillo, J. Abel, Nawrocki, Jerzy, Nawrocka, Zofia Anna, Lange, Clemens, Bainbridge, James, Yorston, David, Alberti, Mark, Cour, Morten la, Christensen, Ulrik, Ho Alvin, Kwok Kwan, Murphy, Declan C., Al-Zubaidy, Mo, Lois, Noemi, Scott, Neil, and Steel, David H.

Published
2023
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7. ALTERNATIVE INTRAVITREAL ANTIBIOTICS: A Systematic Review for Consideration in Recalcitrant or Resistant Endophthalmitis

Author

Velez-Montoya, Raul, Monroy-Esquivel, Luz, Ortiz-Guevara, Rocío, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, Fromow-Guerra, Jans, Velez-Montoya (PI), R., García-Aguirre, G., Salcedo-Villanueva, G., Fromow-Guerra, J., Guerrero-Naranjo, J. L., Morales-Canton, V., Dalma-Weiszhausz, J., Quiroz-Mercado, H., Jimenez-Sierra, J. M., Martinez-Castellanos, M. A., Soberon-Ventura, V., Cernichiaro, L., Rojas-Juarez (PI), S., Ramirez-Estudillo, A., Hernández-Vázquez, A. Y., Ledesma-Gil (PI), G., Graue-Weichers, F., Fulda-Graue, E., Ariza-Camacho, E., López-Bolaños, A., Rodríguez-Loaiza, J. L., Lozano-Rechy, D., Moreno-Paramo (PI), D., Flores-Peredo (PI), V., García-Franco (PI), R., Ramirez-Neria, P., Mira-Lorenzo, X., Hernández-Da Mota (PI), S., Bejar-Cornejo, F., and Rodriguez-Valdez (PI), P. J.

Published
2023
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8. Combined Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty and Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Infectious Keratitis Endophthalmitis: Mexican Endophthalmitis Study Group Protocol 4

Author

Velez-Montoya, Raul, Rivera-Cortes, Mariana A., Ledesma-Gil, Gerardo, Carranza-Casas, Mario, Martinez, Jaime D., Levine, Harry, Yanuzzi, Nicolas A., Amescua, Guillermo, Ahmed, Ishrat, Beatson, Bradley, Akpek, Esen, Arevalo, J. Fernando, Fromow-Guerra, Jans, Velez-Montoya, R., García-Aguirre, G., Salcedo-Villanueva, G., Fromow-Guerra, J., Guerrero-Naranjo, J.L., Morales-Canton, V., Dalma-Weiszhausz, J., Quiroz-Mercado, H., Jimenez-Sierra, J.M., Martinez-Castellanos, M.A., Soberon-Ventura, V., Cernichiaro, L., Rojas-Juarez, S., Ramirez-Estudillo, A., Hernández-Vázquez, A.Y., Ledesma-Gil, G., Graue-Weichers, F., Fulda-Graue, E., Ariza-Camacho, E., López-Bolaños, A., Rodríguez-Loaiza, J.L., Lozano-Rechy, D., Moreno-Paramo, D., Flores-Peredo, V., García-Franco, R., Ramirez-Neria, P., Mira-Lorenzo, X., Hernández-Da Mota, S., Bejar-Cornejo, F., and Rodriguez-Valdez, P.J.

Published
2023
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11. Qualitative analysis by OCTA in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to angioid streaks as predictors of disease recurrences over time

Author

Velez-Montoya, Raul, primary, Osorio-Landa, Hillary K., additional, Franco-Ramirez, K. Carolina, additional, Martínez-Pacheco, Victor, additional, Ramirez-Estudillo, J. Abel, additional, Rosales-Padrón, Jaime Francisco, additional, Ledesma-Gil, Gerardo, additional, and Fromow-Guerra, Jans, additional

Published
2024
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13. International Practice Patterns for the Management of Acute Postsurgical and Postintravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis: European Vitreo-Retinal Society Endophthalmitis Study Report 1

Author

Kardaszewska, Agnieszka, M’Bongo Zindamoyen, Alain Nazaire, Banker, Alay, Serhiienko, Andrii, Loo, Angela, Meireles, Angelina, Aydin, Bahri, Luebke, Britta, Özmen, Cüneyt, Odrobina, Dominik, Bertelli, Enrico, Unsal, Erkan, Kenneth, Fong, Becquet, Frank, Hamon, Frederic, Pellegrini, Giacomo, Marco Tosi, Gian, Donvito, Giuseppe, Khaqan, Hussain, Badat, Idriss, Fiser, Ivan, Michalewski, Janusz, Francois Le Rouic, Jean, Nawrocki, Jerzy, Zarallo-Gallardo, Jesus, Lee, Jugn Ho, Boninska, Karolina, Nowomiejska, Katarzyna, Dziegielewski, Krzysztof, Arrevola, Luis, Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr, Elshafei, Maha, Pietras-Trzpiel, Malgorzata, Irós, Mariano, Detjen, Martin, Iglicki, Matias, Badino, Matteo, Angelina, Meireles, Gavura, Mikhail, Hasanreisoğlu, Murat, Karadaş, Mustafa, Atienza, Narciso, Acar, Nur, Okonkwo, Ogugua, Miesbauer, Peter, Malgorzata, Pietras-Trzpiel, Velez-Montoya, Raul, Robert, Rejdak, Frisina, Rino, Soyeur, Rita, Rejdak, Robert, Giannini, Roberta, Mittal, Sangeet, Saidkasimova, Shohista, Abdulsalam, Shuaib, Cisiecki, Slawomir, Rusnak, Stepan, Teoh, Stephen, Teixeira, Susana, Altan, Tugrul, Schrader, Wolfgang, Kapran, Zia, Aktas, Zeynep, Szijártó, Zsuzsanna, Soliman, Mohamed K., Gini, Giampoalo, Kuhn, Ferenc, Iros, Mariano, Parolini, Barbara, Ozdek, Sengul, Michalewska, Zofia, Bopp, Silvia, Adelman, Ron A., and Sallam, Ahmed B.

Published
2019
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14. Bispecific Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Angiopoietin-2 Antagonist RO-101 Preclinical Efficacy in Model of Neovascular Eye Disease

Author

Xu, Li, primary, Prentice, Jessi R., additional, Velez-Montoya, Raul, additional, Sinha, Alina, additional, Barakat, Mark R., additional, Gupta, Ashwin, additional, Lowenthal, Robert, additional, Khanani, Arshad M., additional, Kaiser, Peter K., additional, Heier, Jeffrey S., additional, Jones, Anthony, additional, Morgenstern, Joshua L., additional, Caldwell, Anne Strong, additional, Mueller, Niklaus, additional, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, additional, Huvard, Michael, additional, Olson, Jeffrey L., additional, Bhatt, Ramesh, additional, and Bhandari, Ramanath, additional

Published
2024
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19. The Effect of Macular Hole Duration on Surgical Outcomes

Author

Murphy, Declan C., primary, Al-Zubaidy, Mo, additional, Lois, Noemi, additional, Scott, Neil, additional, Steel, David H., additional, Qu, Jinfeng, additional, Zhao, Mingwei, additional, Sadda, Srinivas, additional, Manasa, Sreekumar, additional, Agarwal, Divya, additional, Kumar, Atul, additional, Kakkar, Prateek, additional, Bourgault, Serge, additional, Tourville, Eric, additional, Velez-Montoya, Raul, additional, Hernandez-Da Mota, Sergio E., additional, Ramirez-Estudillo, J. Abel, additional, Nawrocki, Jerzy, additional, Nawrocka, Zofia Anna, additional, Lange, Clemens, additional, Bainbridge, James, additional, Yorston, David, additional, Alberti, Mark, additional, Cour, Morten la, additional, Christensen, Ulrik, additional, and Ho Alvin, Kwok Kwan, additional

Published
2023
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26. Risk of Posterior Capsular Rupture during Phacoemulsification in Patients with the History of Anti-VEGF Intravitreal Injections: Results from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group

Author

Velez-Montoya, Raul, primary, Sanchez-Santos, Idaira, additional, Galvan-Chavez, Mauricio, additional, Wu, Lihteh, additional, Arevalo, J. Fernando, additional, Berrocal, María H., additional, Alezzandrini, Arturo A., additional, Figueroa, Marta S., additional, Gallego-Pinazo, Roberto, additional, Dolz-Marco, Rosa, additional, Martinez-Rubio, Clara, additional, and Gonzalez-Salinas, Roberto, additional

Published
2021
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27. Pattern scan laser photocoagulation: safety and complications, experience after 1301 consecutive cases

Author

Velez-Montoya, Raul, Guerrero-Naranjo, Jose Luis, Gonzalez-Mijares, Carmen Cecilia, Fromow-Guerra, Jans, Marcellino, George R., Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, and Morales-Canton, Virgilio

Subjects
Retinal diseases -- Care and treatment, Retinal diseases -- Patient outcomes, Retinal diseases -- Research, Medical records -- Analysis, Laser coagulation -- Complications and side effects, Laser coagulation -- Research, Laser coagulation -- Patient outcomes, Health
Published
2010

31. Kocuria Endophthalmitis: Clinical Spectrum and Long-term Outcomes.

Author

Amadeo-Oreggioni, Gabriela P., Ortiz-Ramirez, Grecia Y., Baquero-Ospina, Pablo, Salcedo-Villanueva, Guillermo, Fromow-Guerra, Jorge Jans, and Velez-Montoya, Raul

Subjects
ENDOPHTHALMITIS, PARS plana, VISUAL acuity, SYMPTOMS, MOXIFLOXACIN
Abstract

To expand the knowledge regarding the clinical presentation of Kocuria endophthalmitis. We included six cases of Kocuria endophthalmitis between January 2018 and December 2020. From all cases, we collected general demographic data, relevant medical, ophthalmological history, microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity results. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 9 months. All cases were treated with intravitreal moxifloxacin and dexamethasone and pars plana vitrectomy. Undiluted vitreous, corneal, conjunctival, and aqueous samples were cultured and analyzed with the Vitek 2 system. The prevalence of Kocuria endophthalmitis was 6%. (95%CI: 2.26%-12.73%). The mean age at diagnosis was 60.5 ± 15.5 years. All patients had poor visual acuity, severe pain, and severe conjunctival hyperemia at diagnosis. Only one case had a significant improvement in visual acuity at the end of the follow-up. Kocuria spp are an emerging cause of endophthalmitis and should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Internal Limiting Membrane Flaps in Macular Hole Surgery: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis

Author

Tzoumas, Nikolaos, McNally, Thomas W., Teh, Boon Lin, Zaman, Michele, Yorston, David, Lois, Noemi, Chaudhary, Varun, Steel, David H., Agrawal, Vishal, Agarwal, Divya, Berrod, Jean-Paul, Conart, Jean-Baptiste, Fallico, Matteo, Findl, Oliver, Ghassemi, Fariba, Hernandez-Da Mota, Sergio E., Kakkar, Prateek, Kannan, Naresh Babu, Jafari, Hassan Khojasteh, Kumar, Atul, Leisser, Christoph, Manasa, Sreekumar, Marolo, Paola, Nawrocki, Jerzy, Nawrocka, Zofia Anna, Placentino, Luca, Ramirez-Estudillo, J. Abel, Reibaldi, Michele, Riazi-Esfahani, Hamid, Ripandelli, Guido, Rossi, Tommaso, Tian, Tian, Velez-Montoya, Raul, Zhang, Xiang, and Zhao, Peiquan

Abstract

To compare anatomic and visual outcomes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) flaps versus peeling in macular hole surgery. We also assessed the impact of hole size, symptom duration, and different flap types on outcomes.

Published
2025
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35. A Proposed Method to Quantify Vitreous Hemorrhage by Ultrasound

Author

Salcedo-Villanueva, Guillermo, Trujillo-Alvarez, Manuel, Becerra-Revollo, Catalina, Ibarra-Elizalde, Estefanía, Mayorquín-Ruiz, Mariana, Velez-Montoya, Raul, García-Aguirre, Gerardo, Gonzalez-Salinas, Roberto, Morales-Cantón, Virgilio, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, and Moragrega-Adame, Eduardo

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, retina, vitreous hemorrhage, stomatognathic system, diagnostic imaging, Clinical Ophthalmology, ultrasonography, vitreous humor, Original Research
Abstract

Guillermo Salcedo-Villanueva,1 Manuel Trujillo-Alvarez,1 Catalina Becerra-Revollo,2 Estefanía Ibarra-Elizalde,2 Mariana Mayorquín-Ruiz,2 Raul Velez-Montoya,1 Gerardo García-Aguirre,1 Roberto Gonzalez-Salinas,3 Virgilio Morales-Cantón,1 Hugo Quiroz-Mercado,1 Eduardo Moragrega-Adame2 1Retina Department, Asociación Para Evitar La Ceguera En México, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Ocular Ultrasound Department, Asociación Para Evitar La Ceguera En México, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Research Department, Asociación Para Evitar La Ceguera En México, Mexico City, MexicoCorrespondence: Guillermo Salcedo-VillanuevaRetina Department, Asociación Para Evitar La Ceguera En México, Vicente García Torres #46. Col. San Lucas, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04030, MexicoEmail guillermo.salcedo@apec.com.mxPurpose: To propose a method for quantification of vitreous hemorrhages (VH) termed minimum image gain (MIG). Therefore, to obtain MIG measurements in patients with VH and to compare them to normal controls; to compare results between graders; and to obtain and compare MIG from two different ultrasound systems.Methods: Retrospective and cross-sectional, observational, and comparative study performed in two parts: Part 1) Retrospective comparison of MIG in VH vs controls by two experienced graders, with intra/inter-observer variability: MIG technique is described. MIG is performed retrospectively in two groups, VH patients and normal controls. Groups are compared with independent samples t-test. Intra- and interobserver variability between graders was obtained. Part 2) Cross-sectional analysis of variability from nonexperienced graders and with different ultrasound systems: MIG is performed in cross-sectional measurements of VH patients, by two unexperienced graders, and with two ultrasound systems. Interobserver variability and Bland–Altman plot with levels of agreement (LoA) were obtained.Results: Part 1: 50 patients with VH resulted in mean MIG: 52.8 dB; 34 controls resulted in mean MIG: 77.97 dB. Independent samples t-test resulted in a statistical significant difference. Intra- and inter-observer variability resulted in an almost perfect agreement between experienced graders. Part 2: 63 patients with VH, mean MIG: 56.19 dB. Inter-observer variability resulted in a very high agreement between unexperienced observers. LoA resulted in a statistical difference between the two ultrasound systems.Conclusion: MIG may provide an objective and reproducible way to quantify vitreous hemorrhage density and potentially any vitreous humor opacity. Agreement is high even with unexperienced graders. However, the two ultrasound systems analyzed may not be interchangeable.Keywords: diagnostic imaging, retina, ultrasonography, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous humor &nbsp

Published
2019

36. International Practice Patterns for the Management of Acute Postsurgical and Postintravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis

Author

Soliman, Mohamed K., primary, Gini, Giampoalo, additional, Kuhn, Ferenc, additional, Iros, Mariano, additional, Parolini, Barbara, additional, Ozdek, Sengul, additional, Michalewska, Zofia, additional, Bopp, Silvia, additional, Adelman, Ron A., additional, Sallam, Ahmed B., additional, Kardaszewska, Agnieszka, additional, M’Bongo Zindamoyen, Alain Nazaire, additional, Banker, Alay, additional, Serhiienko, Andrii, additional, Loo, Angela, additional, Meireles, Angelina, additional, Aydin, Bahri, additional, Luebke, Britta, additional, Özmen, Cüneyt, additional, Odrobina, Dominik, additional, Bertelli, Enrico, additional, Unsal, Erkan, additional, Kenneth, Fong, additional, Becquet, Frank, additional, Hamon, Frederic, additional, Pellegrini, Giacomo, additional, Marco Tosi, Gian, additional, Donvito, Giuseppe, additional, Khaqan, Hussain, additional, Badat, Idriss, additional, Fiser, Ivan, additional, Michalewski, Janusz, additional, Francois Le Rouic, Jean, additional, Nawrocki, Jerzy, additional, Zarallo-Gallardo, Jesus, additional, Lee, Jugn Ho, additional, Boninska, Karolina, additional, Nowomiejska, Katarzyna, additional, Dziegielewski, Krzysztof, additional, Arrevola, Luis, additional, Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr, additional, Elshafei, Maha, additional, Pietras-Trzpiel, Malgorzata, additional, Irós, Mariano, additional, Detjen, Martin, additional, Iglicki, Matias, additional, Badino, Matteo, additional, Angelina, Meireles, additional, Gavura, Mikhail, additional, Hasanreisoğlu, Murat, additional, Karadaş, Mustafa, additional, Atienza, Narciso, additional, Acar, Nur, additional, Okonkwo, Ogugua, additional, Miesbauer, Peter, additional, Malgorzata, Pietras-Trzpiel, additional, Velez-Montoya, Raul, additional, Robert, Rejdak, additional, Frisina, Rino, additional, Soyeur, Rita, additional, Rejdak, Robert, additional, Giannini, Roberta, additional, Mittal, Sangeet, additional, Saidkasimova, Shohista, additional, Abdulsalam, Shuaib, additional, Cisiecki, Slawomir, additional, Rusnak, Stepan, additional, Teoh, Stephen, additional, Teixeira, Susana, additional, Altan, Tugrul, additional, Schrader, Wolfgang, additional, Kapran, Zia, additional, Aktas, Zeynep, additional, and Szijártó, Zsuzsanna, additional

Published
2019
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38. Primary Repair of Moderate Severity Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Critical Decision-Making Algorithm

Author

VELEZ-MONTOYA, Raul, JACOBO-OCEGUERA, Paola, FLORES-PRECIADO, Javier, DALMA-WEISZHAUSZ, Jose, GUERRERO-NARANJO, Jose, SALCEDO-VILLANUEVA, Guillermo, GARCIA-AGUIRRE, Gerardo, FROMOW-GUERRA, Jans, and MORALES-CANTON, Virgilio

Subjects
Algorithm, Primary Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, Scleral Buckle, Review Article, Primary Repair
Abstract

We reviewed all the available data regarding the current management of non-complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and aimed to propose a new decision-making algorithm aimed to improve the single surgery success rate for mid-severity rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. An online review of the Pubmed database was performed. We searched for all available manuscripts about the anatomical and functional outcomes after the surgical management, by either scleral buckle or primary pars plana vitrectomy, of retinal detachment. The search was limited to articles published from January 1995 to December 2015. All articles obtained from the search were carefully screened and their references were manually reviewed for additional relevant data. Our search specifically focused on preoperative clinical data that were associated with the surgical outcomes. After categorizing the available data according to their level of evidence, with randomized-controlled clinical trials as the highest possible level of evidence, followed by retrospective studies, and retrospective case series as the lowest level of evidence, we proceeded to design a logical decision-making algorithm, enhanced by our experiences as retinal surgeons. A total of 7 randomized-controlled clinical trials, 19 retrospective studies, and 9 case series were considered. Additional articles were also included in order to support the observations further. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a potentially blinding disorder. Its surgical management seems to depend more on a surgeon´s preference than solid scientific data or is based on a good clinical history and examination. The algorithms proposed herein strive to offer a more rational approach to improve both anatomical and functional outcomes after the first surgery.

Published
2016

40. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Paradigms for Treatment and Management of AMD

Author

Hernández-Zimbrón, Luis Fernando, Zamora-Alvarado, Ruben, Ochoa-De la Paz, Lenin, Velez-Montoya, Raul, Zenteno, Edgar, Gulias-Cañizo, Rosario, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, and Gonzalez-Salinas, Roberto

Subjects
genetic structures, Article Subject, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a well-characterized and extensively studied disease. It is currently considered the leading cause of visual disability among patients over 60 years. The hallmark of early AMD is the formation of drusen, pigmentary changes at the macula, and mild to moderate vision loss. There are two forms of AMD: the “dry” and the “wet” form that is less frequent but is responsible for 90% of acute blindness due to AMD. Risk factors have been associated with AMD progression, and they are taking relevance to understand how AMD develops: (1) advanced age and the exposition to environmental factors inducing high levels of oxidative stress damaging the macula and (2) this damage, which causes inflammation inducing a vicious cycle, altogether causing central vision loss. There is neither a cure nor treatment to prevent AMD. However, there are some treatments available for the wet form of AMD. This article will review some molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the onset of AMD focusing on feasible treatments for each related factor in the development of this pathology such as vascular endothelial growth factor, oxidative stress, failure of the clearance of proteins and organelles, and glial cell dysfunction in AMD.

Published
2018
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49. Un-explained visual loss following silicone oil removal: results of the Pan American Collaborative Retina Study (PACORES) Group

Author

Roca, Jose A., primary, Wu, Lihteh, additional, Berrocal, Maria, additional, Rodriguez, Francisco, additional, Alezzandrini, Arturo, additional, Alvira, Gustavo, additional, Velez-Montoya, Raul, additional, Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo, additional, Fernando Arevalo, J., additional, Serrano, Martín, additional, Lima, Luiz H., additional, Figueroa, Marta, additional, Farah, Michel, additional, and Chico, Giovanna, additional

Published
2017
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50. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of anterior chamber tap in cases of bacterial endophthalmitis

Author

Sjoholm-Gomez de Liano, Carl, primary, Soberon-Ventura, Vidal F., additional, Salcedo-Villanueva, Guillermo, additional, Santos-Palacios, Abril, additional, Guerrero-Naranjo, Jose Luis, additional, Fromow-Guerra, Jans, additional, García-Aguirre, Gerardo, additional, Morales-Canton, Virgilio, additional, and Velez-Montoya, Raul, additional

Published
2017
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