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4. Socialbots supporting human rights

Author

Velázquez, E., Yazdani, M., and Suárez-Serrato, P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Socialbots, or non-human/algorithmic social media users, have recently been documented as competing for information dissemination and disruption on online social networks. Here we investigate the influence of socialbots in Mexican Twitter in regards to the "Tanhuato" human rights abuse report. We analyze the applicability of the BotOrNot API to generalize from English to Spanish tweets and propose adaptations for Spanish-speaking bot detection. We then use text and sentiment analysis to compare the differences between bot and human tweets. Our analysis shows that bots actually aided in information proliferation among human users. This suggests that taxonomies classifying bots should include non-adversarial roles as well. Our study contributes to the understanding of different behaviors and intentions of automated accounts observed in empirical online social network data. Since this type of analysis is seldom performed in languages different from English, the proposed techniques we employ here are also useful for other non-English corpora.

Published
2017
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8. EVALUACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DEL SEGURO POPULAR DEL 2002 AL 2005. Impacto en la utilización de servicios médicos, en el gasto en salud y en el mercado laboral

Author

Arenas Velazquez, E, Parker, S, Teruel, G, and Rubalcava, L

Subjects
Seguro Popular, Universal Health Care, Mexico, Economics, Applied economics, Econometrics, Economic theory
Abstract

This article examines the impact of Seguro Popular (SP) in health services utiliza-tion, in the labor market, and in household health expenditures. Beneï¬ting from longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, we use propensity score matching techniques to analyze the data by gender and population origin. In gen-eral, the SPhas not impacted the number of hospitalizations and out-patient con-sultations, with the exception of urban women. The analysis by institution shows that, in urban populations, the SPhas increased external consultations in the health care facilities provided by the Health Ministry. The SPshows a negative impact in the Mexican Institute of Social Security coverage, and in the formal employment of urban women and rural men. At the household level, we do not ï¬nd any effect on household health expenditures.

Published
2015

10. Gradual transition from insulator to semimetal of Ca$_{1-x}$Eu$_{x}$B$_{6}$ with increasing Eu concentration

Author

Urbano, R. R., Pagliuso, P. G., Rettori, C., Schlottmann, P., Sarrao, J. L., Bianchi, A., Nakatsuji, S., Fisk, Z., Velazquez, E., and Oseroff, S. B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The local environment of Eu$^{2+}$ ($4f^{7}$, $S=7/2$) in Ca$_{1-x}$Eu$_{x}$B$_{6}$ ($0.003\leqslant x\leqslant 1.00$) is investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For $x\lesssim 0.003$ the spectra show resolved \textit{fine} and \textit{hyperfine} structures due to the cubic crystal \textit{electric} field and nuclear \textit{hyperfine} field, respectively. The resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating an \textit{insulating} environment for the Eu$^{2+}$ ions. For $0.003\lesssim x\lesssim 0.07$, as $x$ increases, the ESR lines broaden due to local distortions caused by the Eu/Ca ions substitution. For $0.07\lesssim x\lesssim 0.30$, the lines broaden further and the spectra gradually change from Lorentzian to Dysonian resonances, suggesting a coexistence of both \textit{insulating} and \textit{metallic} environments for the Eu$^{2+}$ ions. In contrast to Ca$_{1-x}$Gd$_{x}$B$_{6}$, the \textit{fine} structure is still observable up to $x\approx 0.15$. For $x\gtrsim 0.30 $ the \textit{fine} and \textit{hyperfine} structures are no longer observed, the line width increases, and the line shape is purely Dysonian anticipating the \textit{semimetallic} character of EuB$_{6}$. This broadening is attributed to a spin-flip scattering relaxation process due to the exchange interaction between conduction and Eu$^{2+}$ $4f$ electrons. High field ESR measurements for $x\gtrsim 0.15$ reveal smaller and anisotropic line widths, which are attributed to magnetic polarons and Fermi surface effects, respectively., Comment: Submitted to PRB

Published
2005
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13. Gradual transition from insulator to semimetal of Ca1−xEuxB6 with increasing Eu concentration

Author

Urbano, RR, Pagliuso, PG, Rettori, C, Schlottmann, P, Sarrao, JL, Bianchi, A, Nakatsuji, S, Fisk, Z, Velazquez, E, and Oseroff, SB

Subjects
Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, cond-mat.str-el, Chemical sciences, Engineering, Physical sciences
Abstract

The local environment of Eu2+ (4 f7, S=7 2) in Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.003≤x≤1.00) is investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For x 0.003 the spectra show resolved fine and hyperfine structures due to the cubic crystal electric field and nuclear hyperfine field, respectively. The resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating an insulating environment for the Eu2+ ions. For 0.003 x 0.07, as x increases, the ESR lines broaden due to local distortions caused by the Eu Ca ions substitution. For 0.07 x 0.30, the lines broaden further and the spectra gradually change from Lorentzian to Dysonian resonances, suggesting a coexistence of both insulating and metallic environments for the Eu2+ ions. In contrast to Ca1-x Gdx B6, the fine structure is still observable up to x≈0.15. For x 0.30 the fine and hyperfine structures are no longer observed, the line width increases, and the line shape is purely Dysonian, anticipating the semimetallic character of EuB6. This broadening is attributed to a spin-flip scattering relaxation process due to the exchange interaction between conduction and Eu2+ 4f electrons. High-field ESR measurements for x 0.15 reveal smaller and anisotropic linewidths, which are attributed to magnetic polarons and Fermi surface effects, respectively. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

Published
2005

14. Gradual transition from insulator to semimetal of Ca1-x Eux B6 with increasing Eu concentration

Author

Urbano, RR, Pagliuso, PG, Rettori, C, Schlottmann, P, Sarrao, JL, Bianchi, A, Nakatsuji, S, Fisk, Z, Velazquez, E, and Oseroff, SB

Subjects
cond-mat.str-el, Fluids & Plasmas, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The local environment of Eu2+ (4 f7, S=7 2) in Ca1-x Eux B6 (0.003≤x≤1.00) is investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For x 0.003 the spectra show resolved fine and hyperfine structures due to the cubic crystal electric field and nuclear hyperfine field, respectively. The resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating an insulating environment for the Eu2+ ions. For 0.003 x 0.07, as x increases, the ESR lines broaden due to local distortions caused by the Eu Ca ions substitution. For 0.07 x 0.30, the lines broaden further and the spectra gradually change from Lorentzian to Dysonian resonances, suggesting a coexistence of both insulating and metallic environments for the Eu2+ ions. In contrast to Ca1-x Gdx B6, the fine structure is still observable up to x≈0.15. For x 0.30 the fine and hyperfine structures are no longer observed, the line width increases, and the line shape is purely Dysonian, anticipating the semimetallic character of EuB6. This broadening is attributed to a spin-flip scattering relaxation process due to the exchange interaction between conduction and Eu2+ 4f electrons. High-field ESR measurements for x 0.15 reveal smaller and anisotropic linewidths, which are attributed to magnetic polarons and Fermi surface effects, respectively. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

Published
2005

34. Rapid detection of A. pleuropneumoniae from clinical samples using recombinase polymerase amplification

Author

Stringer, OW, Li, Y, Bosse, JT, Forrest, MS, Hernandez-Garcia, J, Tucker, AW, Nunes, T, Costa, F, Mortensen, P, Velazquez, E, Penny, P, Rodriguez Manzano, J, Georgiou, P, Langford, P, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and Ceva Sante Animale

Subjects
FTA® card, point-of-care (POC), 0707 Veterinary Sciences, A. pleuropneumoniae, RPA (recombinase polymerase amplification), apxIVA
Abstract

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in high economic impact worldwide. There are currently 19 known serovars of APP, with different ones being predominant in specific geographic regions. Outbreaks of pleuropneumonia, characterized by sudden respiratory difficulties and high mortality, can occur when infected pigs are brought into naïve herds, or by those carrying different serovars. Good biosecurity measures include regular diagnostic testing for surveillance purposes. Current gold standard diagnostic techniques lack sensitivity (bacterial culture), require expensive thermocycling machinery (PCR) and are time consuming (culture and PCR). Here we describe the development of an isothermal point-of-care diagnostic test - utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the detection of APP, targeting the species-specific apxIVA gene. Our APP-RPA diagnostic test achieved a sensitivity of 10 copies/µL using a strain of APP serovar 8, which is the most prevalent serovar in the UK. Additionally, our APP-RPA assay achieved a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 84.3% and 100%, respectively, across 61 extracted clinical samples obtained from farms located in England and Portugal. Using a small subset (n = 14) of the lung tissue samples, we achieved a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 100%, respectively) using lung imprints made on FTA cards tested directly in the APP- RPA reaction. Our results demonstrate that our APP-RPA assay enables a suitable rapid and sensitive screening tool for this important veterinary pathogen.

Published
2022

43. Macular Structure-Function Relationships of All Retinal Layers in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Assessed by Microperimetry and 8 x 8 Posterior Pole Analysis of OCT

Author

Garcia-Medina J, Rotolo M, Rubio-Velazquez E, Pinazo-Duran M, and del-Rio-Vellosillo M

Subjects
function, retina, glaucoma, OCT, outer, inner, correlation, microperimetry, macula, structure
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is too correlate the sensitivity and thickness values of intraretinal layers at macula in healthy eyes and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. Methods: The thickness of different intraretinal segmentations was estimated by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) Spectralis (Heidelberg, Engineering, Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) with the posterior pole analysis program 8 x 8 in 91 eyes from 91 patients (60 with glaucoma and 31 healthy patients). Macular sensitivity was also measured with an MP-1 microperimeter (Nidek Instruments, Inc Padova, Italy) with a customized, 36-stimulus pattern adjusted to an anatomical correspondence with the OCT grid. Correlations were calculated by using Spearman's rho and the results were represented in color maps. Results: Significant structure-function correlations were much more frequent in the glaucoma group than in control group. In general terms, associations were positive for inner retinal layers but negative correlations were also found for the inner nuclear layer and outer retinal layer in glaucoma. Conclusions: In general terms, significant structure-function correlations for different intraretinal layers are higher and wider in POAG eyes than in healthy eyes. Inner and outer retinal layers behave differently in terms of the structure-function relationship in POAG as assessed by microperimetry and OCT.

Published
2021

48. Update on the effects of antioxidants on diabetic retinopathy: In vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials

Author

Garcia-Medina J.J., Rubio-Velazquez E., Foulquie-Moreno E., Casaroli-Marano R.P., Pinazo-Duran M.D., Zanon-Moreno V., and Del-Rio-vellosillo M.

Subjects
Clinical trial, Patient, In vitro, Animal, Diabetic retinopathy, Oxidative stress, Cell, Antioxidant, Retina, Human
Abstract

Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials dealing with the effect of the antioxidants on DR. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2020

49. Incremental prognostic value of echocardiography of left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function in STICH trial

Author

Kim, K, She, L, Lee, K, Dabrowski, R, Grayburn, P, Rajda, M, Prior, D, Desvigne-Nickens, P, Zoghbi, W, Senni, M, Stefanelli, G, Beghi, C, Huynh, T, Velazquez, E, Oh, J, Lin, G, Kim KH, She L, Lee KL, Dabrowski R, Grayburn PA, Rajda M, Prior DL, Desvigne-Nickens P, Zoghbi WA, Senni M, Stefanelli G, Beghi C, Huynh T, Velazquez EJ, Oh JK, Lin G, Kim, K, She, L, Lee, K, Dabrowski, R, Grayburn, P, Rajda, M, Prior, D, Desvigne-Nickens, P, Zoghbi, W, Senni, M, Stefanelli, G, Beghi, C, Huynh, T, Velazquez, E, Oh, J, Lin, G, Kim KH, She L, Lee KL, Dabrowski R, Grayburn PA, Rajda M, Prior DL, Desvigne-Nickens P, Zoghbi WA, Senni M, Stefanelli G, Beghi C, Huynh T, Velazquez EJ, Oh JK, and Lin G

Abstract

Aims: We sought to determine which echocardiographic markers of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction can contribute as incremental and independent prognostic information in addition to current clinical risk markers of ischemic LV systolic dysfunction in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Methods and results: The cohort consisted of 1511 of 2136 patients in STICH for whom baseline transmitral Doppler (E/A ratio) could be measured by an echocardiographic core laboratory blinded to treatment and outcomes, and prognostic value of echocardiographic variables was determined by a Cox regression model. E/A ratio was the most significant predictor of mortality amongst diastolic variables with lowest mortality for E/A closest 0.8, although mortality was consistently low for E/A 0.6 to 1.0. Mortality increased for E/A < 0.6 and > 1.0 up to approximately 2.3, beyond which there was no further increase in risk. Larger LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and E/A < 0.6 and > 1.0 had incremental negative effects on mortality when added to a clinical multivariable model, where creatinine, LVESVI, age, and E/A ratio accounted for 74% of the prognostic information for predicting risk. LVESVI and E/A ratio were stronger predictors of prognosis than New York Heart Association functional class, anemia, diabetes, history of atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Conclusions: Echocardiographic markers of advanced LV remodeling and diastolic dysfunction added incremental prognostic value to current clinical risk markers. LVESVI and E/A ratio outperformed other markers and should be considered as standard in assessing risks in ischemic heart failure. E/A closest to 0.8 was the most optimal filling pattern.

Published
2020

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