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An increasing amount of Californias landscape has burned in wildfires in recent decades, in conjunction with increasing temperatures and vapor pressure deficit due to climate change. As the wildland-urban interface expands, more people are exposed to and harmed by these extensive wildfires, which are also eroding the resilience of terrestrial ecosystems. With future wildfire activity expected to increase, there is an urgent demand for solutions that sustain healthy ecosystems and wildfire-resilient human communities. Those who manage disaster response, landscapes, and biodiversity rely on mapped projections of how fire activity may respond to climate change and other human factors. California wildfire is complex, however, and climate-fire relationships vary across the state. Given known geographical variability in drivers of fire activity, we asked whether the geographical extent of fire models used to create these projections may alter the interpretation of predictions. We compared models of fire occurrence spanning the entire state of California to models developed for individual ecoregions and then projected end-of-century future fire patterns under climate change scenarios. We trained a Maximum Entropy model with fire records and hydroclimatological variables from recent decades (1981 to 2010) as well as topographic and human infrastructure predictors. Results showed substantial variation in predictors of fire probability and mapped future projections of fire depending upon geographical extents of model boundaries. Only the ecoregion models, accounting for the unique patterns of vegetation, climate, and human infrastructure, projected an increase in fire in most forested regions of the state, congruent with predictions from other studies.

The aim of the research was to develop a theoretical approach to describe the emotional and techno-ontological logic of mathematics teachers during distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of their emotional state on the learning process. The research approach used in this paper belongs to the qualitative paradigm. The study involved teachers and students from universities in Ecuador, both private and public. The study observed the behavior of teachers and students, analyzed the use of technology in mathematical activities, and analyzed personal opinions about the learning process of the participants of the study. A digital observation guide and open-ended interviews were used to collect data. The qualitative analysis program Atlas. Ti was used to analyze the data. The program created three categories: andragogical heterotopia of mathematics, emotional scar in teacher preparation, and perceptions of the educational process. As the results of the research showed, there was a deficit of digital professional training of teachers in the university teaching of mathematics. As a result of the research work carried out, a theoretical approach is proposed, through which it is possible to avoid the manifestation of techno-ontological logical emotions in mathematics teachers in Ecuadorian universities.

In the academic world, the skills of scientific writing and publishing allow for the sharing and dissemination of academic research. The research analysed the scientific publications of university teachers from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Technical University of Manabí (FCHS-UTM), Ecuador, in order to determine their skills and preferences in terms of scientific journals, writing language, type of publication, indexing, and editorial quality. A descriptive quantitative approach study was applied. A survey study was carried out. The sample selection was non-probabilistic and participatory. The sample consisted of 55 teachers from the faculty. A 25-item questionnaire was developed for data collection. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Among the results the faculty has a preference for national or local scientific journals. The language most used in studies is Spanish. University researchers are more professional in their use of American Psychological Association (APA) norms. The study presented implications such as the promotion of scientific publication and professional development, preservation of language and culture, professionalism in citation standards, promotion of collaboration, improvement of editorial quality and training strategies.

The research objective was to describe the levels of anxiety and their effects on performance manifested by the mathematics students of the engineering faculty of the National University of Chimborazo UNACH during the 2020-21 academic semester. The study is in the quantitative paradigm with a descriptive exploratory design. The total sample consisted of 120 students studying mathematics, which are at different levels and careers of the engineering faculty. The sample selection was of an intentional non-probabilistic type and had as inclusion criteria not having been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. The Brief Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory was applied (ASRI-B). The ASRI-B was sent to students by email to facilitate data collection. The two-factor ANOVA (mathematics and comprehension) uses to analyze the research results. It is allowed to find statistically significant differences in the grasp of the contents presented by the teachers in a virtual way for the cognitive and physiological response system and the general level of anxiety, as well as in situational areas of evaluation anxiety and anxiety in everyday situations, during the academic closure in the quarantine season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present note reports the first record of the bat Vampyrodes caraccioli (Thomas, 1889) for the state of SãoPaulo, southeastern Brazil, based on the collection of one adult specimen in Núcleo São Sebastião, Parque Estadual da Serrado Mar, at the Atlantic Forest domain.

In February 2020 Ecuador declared a health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On-site classes were suspended. The Ecuadorian university population does not adapt to virtual educational platforms. The objective of the study was to analyse student perception of Ecuadorian educational platforms in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was quantitative. The sample was non-probabilistic participatory, consisting of students from different universities in the Province of Chimborazo. For data collection, a questionnaire with four study variables was applied. The results were analysed with T student and MANOVA. There is a positive perception of students using the educational platforms. There were significant statistical differences according to gender variables, contrary to the levels of study and location, there is a greater sympathetic affection of students when receiving virtual classes by female teachers. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of online learning by higher education institutions.

The changes brought about in higher education by the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic require effective action. Teachers must be trained to work on university platforms. The study allows us to analyse the current educational problems, which are found in many countries, not only in Ecuador. The research aimed to determine the virtual andragogical competencies of Ecuadorian university education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed research approach was used. A quantitative analysis was applied first, followed by a qualitative analysis. The sample selection was participatory and non-probabilistic. The sample consisted of 1003 active higher education teachers in Ecuador. A questionnaire of 106 questions divided into four variables was applied. A multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed. The analyses demonstrated the need to apply four integral competencies. First the teacher must "Know how to be", through continuous ICT training. After the teacher has been trained, he/she must "Know". This process involves mastering educational technology. After updating knowledge, they must "Know how to live together". Develop critical and constructive communication. Then "Know how to do" by applying an effective guiding methodology. Teacher training under the competency-based approach is seen as a viable alternative.

The objective of this research was to analyze the causes and consequences of the systematic process of teaching and learning of the division of whole numbers, a study aimed at students and teachers of the 3rd and 4th level of basic education. For its development the qualitative paradigm was used through the modality of field research. As informants, twenty (20) students and two (2) teachers participated. All participants are enrolled in the 3rd and 4th level of the Giordano Bruno School located in the city of Quito, Ecuador. To collect the information, the observation technique and the semi-structured interview were used, and the instruments were subjected to a validity process, where the triangulation was applied. The results were analyzed to give an answer to the proposed objective of the manuscript, where the teaching-learning method applied to the students is presented as a critical-constructivist model, but in reality, a mechanic-academicist education system is used. It was evidenced that teachers shorten the logical processes of the division of whole numbers, by the time-space factor.

To prevent difficulties in learning mathematics, effective and innovative teaching methodologies should be used. The present study presents the results of a relational and comparative study between the application of the open number-based algorithm (ABN) and the closed number-based algorithm (CNB) method. The research was of a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative type. Descriptive and comparative, quasi-experimental cross-sectional design study. The sample was 320 students of the first cycle of the National University of Education (UNAE). A multiple choice questionnaire with geometry exercises and a Likert type scale was applied for the data collection. The results were analyzed through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). We worked with two variables, the informal geometric reasoning variable and the formal geometric reasoning variable. We applied a correction of the degrees of freedom with Welch's robust test. The results indicated that the ABN-oriented group (n=151) achieved better results than the CNB-oriented group (n=92). The results were relevant, because the skills demonstrated in the results, show that the ABN method reinforces the capacity to give solution to the exercises, contributing to the development of the numerical sense. Concluding that it can be described as a flexible or innovative model in the field of mathematics teaching.

The difficulty in the process of trigonometry teaching, served as a stimulus for the present research, in which the objective consisted of designing and proposing the use of a Trigonometric Cicular Geoplane for the construction of meaningful learning in the area of Mathematics at Israel Technological University. For Its development, a field research, descriptive type, and a special project modality was conducted. As key informants, the participation of twenty (20) students and three (3) teachers that work in distinct levels of the institution described above. In order to gather information, observations and interviews were used, and the instrument of an observation and interview guides were submitted to a valid process. For the purpose of reliability, it was implemented through a standardization of registers and categories, then the findings were analyzed based on a cultivated and descriptive analysis in order to elaborate the conclusions in search of the proposed objectives about the design and use of the teaching tool that contributes in a positive manner to the teaching and learning of Geometry, in the same manner, the motivation and receptivity to use of Geoplane were used, in response to permit the development of innovated methodologies that show a change of andragogy practice, as it is, to teach learning skills that last a lifetime.

University research is the way in which lecturers can perceive, analyze and be illustrated about unknown topics or something that has been omitted and that is why it is important and is the key in the academic researcher´s life, the gathering of information, the analysis and the search for a solution to an existing or detected problem. This research includes three phases: the first, where the search, collection and data analysis is proposed; the second, where models of teacher formation and theorization are included and the third, where the final idea of formation of university researchers and lecturers is proposed. This research was developed from a qualitative perspective, since it is implemented in an epistemic conceptualization that corresponds to its nature, highlighting the interest of deepening the intuition of the object research. As key informants, the participation of 15 (fifteen) lecturers from different universities of Ecuador is highlighted. The constant comparison of theories and grounded theory was applied for the analysis of the subtracted data, in order to make a theoretical approach through the emerging categories and subcategories, through the operating software Atlas.ti version 8; with the aim to contribute to the theoretical and methodological basis. The subcategories were derived: professional teaching function and novel teaching profile. The conclusions mention the idea or model of formation for higher education teaching staff. It also mentions the importance of improving the formation of lecturers through scientific research to promote knowledge and strategies that require the need to theorize, produce and increase the level of thinking.

CubeSat swarm in LEO orbit is an attractive alternative to present-day expensive and bulky satellite-based remote sensing systems. This paper presents the design and optimization rules to achieve omnidirectional, high speed, long-range (more than 100 km) data communication among CubeSats. The unprecedented size, weight, power, and cost constraints imposed by the CubeSat platform and the availability of the commercial-off-the-shelf components are considered in the analyses. Analytical studies related to the scanning mirror-based beam steering system as well as scanning mirrors smallest step angle requirement are presented. In addition, we demonstrate the relations and dependencies among scanning mirrors smallest step angle, laser beam divergence, optics dimensions, communication distance, and scanning area filling efficiency, etc. Furthermore, the optimization challenges of the transmit laser beam size considering the interplay among beam divergence, beam clipping, and scattering are studied in detail. This paper also presents the effect of laser peak power, initial beam size, and communication distance on effective communication beam width to maintain a long-distance (more than 100 km) communication with SNR ≥ 10 dB at a data rate greater than 500 Mb/s.

On March 19, 2020, Argentina's government decided to close academic institutions for an indefinite time in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the University established that, when the quarantine ends, 5 weeks will be reserved for face-to-face activities that could not be carried out virtually (laboratory lessons and final exams), the main focus on the online activities was in the theoretical lessons. For the Instrumental Analytical Chemistry course both synchronous strategy such as questions and answer sessions and asynchronous communication such as Microsoft PowerPoint presentations with explicative audios, simulated assays, and assignments were adopted. A survey conducted with our students indicated that although synchronous lessons provided face-to-face interaction, the lack of good Internet connectivity was the main weakness of this strategy. On the other hand, asynchronous lessons did not require very high bandwidth networks and had the possibility of stopping the lesson and continuing it later. However, students' lack of interaction with their teachers was the main drawback of this type of communication. Most of the students pointed out that a blend of synchronous and asynchronous communication is more desirable for Instrumental Analytical Chemistry lessons than asynchronous or synchronous communication separately.

In times of transitions and technological readaptations in social spaces, in the specific context of cities, the term Smart Cities involves physical aspects such as the set of buildings, streets, and citizens living together and the use of new information and communication technologies as tools that are effectively integrated into the interaction of huge communities, between people, to energize the engines of local and global economies to strengthen human capital as well as purpose, it arises from a look at concepts of smart cities to identify their construction, pillars and sustainable proposal, through the bibliographic and documentary review, in an interpretive perspective, to conclude, that the future of cities and millions of individuals can be changed, involving key pillars such as; environmental sustainability, social inclusion, equity, citizen commitment, of the States, and technologies and innovations for a strategic agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We describe a method for removing systematic biases of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) derived from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We conduct correlation analyses between the GOSAT biases and simultaneously retrieved auxiliary parameters. We use these correlations to bias correct the GOSAT data, removing these spurious correlations. Data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) were used as reference values for this regression analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this correction method, the tnzuncorrected/corrected GOSAT data were compared to independent XCO2 and XCH4 data derived from aircraft measurements taken for the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. These comparisons demonstrate that the empirically derived bias correction improves the agreement between GOSAT XCO2/XCH4 and the aircraft data. Finally, we present spatial distributions and temporal variations of the derived GOSAT biases.