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Chemical synthesis is one of the most employed methods to obtain crystalline hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. It is feasible to vary the synthesis conditions and study their effects on nanoparticle structure. In this work, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesised by a modified heat-treated precipitation method and varying stirring rate of the solution during the nucleation process. The main goal was to reduce the particle size without affecting the crystallinity degree of the synthesized material what is important for several use cases, such as biomedical applications. The produced materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, μ-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nanoparticle’s size decreased by increasing the stirring rate during the nucleation step, showing that the employed synthesis method is efficient for obtaining hydroxyapatite nanoparticles of variable sizes without affecting the crystallinity degree.

Safety and effectiveness are the cornerstone objectives of nanomedicine in developing nanotherapies. It is crucial to understand the biological interactions between nanoparticles and immune cells. This study focuses on the manufacture by the microfluidic technique of N-trimethyl chitosan/protein nanocarriers and their interaction with J774 cells to elucidate the cellular processes involved in absorption and their impact on the immune system, mainly through endocytosis, activation of lysosomes and intracellular degradation. TEM of the manufactured nanoparticles showed spherical morphology with an average diameter ranging from 36 ± 16 nm to 179 ± 92 nm, depending on the concentration of the cargo protein (0, 12, 55 μg/mL). FTIR showed the crosslinking between N-trimethyl chitosan and the sodium tripolyphosphate and the α-helix binding loss of BSA. TGA revealed an increase in the thermal stability of N-trimethyl chitosan/protein nanoparticles compared with the powder. The encapsulation of the cargo protein used was demonstrated using XPS. Their potential to improve cell permeability and use as nanocarriers in future vaccine formulations was demonstrated. The toxicity of the nanoparticles in HaCaT and J774 cells was studied, as well as the importance of evaluating the differentiation status of J774 cells. Thus, possible endocytosis pathways and their impact on the immune response were discussed. This allowed us to conclude that N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles show potential as carriers for the immune system. Still, more studies are required to understand their effectiveness and possible use in therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Background) Esophagectomy (EPG) presents high morbidity and mortality. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FA) are a pharmaconutrient with benefits for postoperative morbidity. Studies of ω-3FA administered parenterally after esophagectomy are scarce. This study proposes to investigate the effect of combining fish oil lipid emulsions (LE) administered parenterally with enteral nutrition support. (Methods) Randomization was 1:1:1 in three groups: Group A received a LE mixture of 0.4 g/kg/day of fish oil and 0.4 g/kg/day of LCT/MCT 50:50, Group B received 0.8 g/kg/day of fish oil LE, and Group C received 0.8 g/kg/day of LCT/MCT 50:50. Variables were measured at recruitment time and day +1, +3, and +5. Inflammatory variables studied were Interlukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumoral necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, IL-8 and CD25s. Safety, nutritional parameters and complications were analyzed. (Results) Administration of ω-3LE in the immediate postoperative period did not modulate the earlier inflammatory response. Statistically significant differences were found in IL-6 and CRP overall temporal evolution but were not found when studying the type of LE administered or in patients needing critical care. Administration of ω-3 resulted in safe and improved hypertriglyceridemia, depending on the dose. (Conclusions) ω-3FA has no impact on the early inflammatory postoperative response assessed for a short period but was safe. More studies for longer periods are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the response of sowing densities on agronomic parameters in the native mejen corn. Design/Methodology/Approach: A randomized complete block design with four repetitions was used for the treatments: T1 (0.25 m between plants and two seeds per hole (80,000 plants ha-1)), T2 (0.50 m between plants and three seeds per hole (60,000 plants ha-1)), T3 (0.75 m between plants and four seeds per hole (53,333 plants ha-1)), and T4 (1 m between plants and five seeds per hole (50,000 plants ha-1)). The following variables were determined: plant height without male flower (PHWMF, cm), ear size (ES, cm), plant, bracts, and rachis dry biomass (t ha-1); number of bracts, rows per ear, grain per row, grains per ear, and grain yield (GY, t ha-1). Results: Sowing densities influence the morphological response of plants, ears, and GY. The treatment with 80,000 plants ha-1 recorded a GY of 4.75 t ha-1 in traditional systems in Tabasco --greater than the regional average of 1.94 t ha-1. Study Limitations/Implications: The architecture of native corn allows an increase in productivity, as a result of the use of high densities. Findings/Conclusions: Although treatments with greater sowing distances obtained a lower number of grains per ear, this phenomenon is compensated by the greater number of plants per row that leads to higher grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accountability of the Faculty or School of Medicine is the legal obligation related to the information that the management team must make available to the academic community of the institution and society in general, regarding the management of resources and the assurance of the quality of processes and result in learning and academic productivity, in such a way that transparency standards are met. Based on the above, and through the Secretary of Planning and Institutional Development (SPDI), mechanisms for accountability are designed, implemented, and evaluated. The following accountability processes and mechanisms are carried out: Self-evaluation process for the Accreditation of the Bachelor's Degree in Medicine and Surgery before the Mexican Council for the Accreditation of Medical Education (COMAEM A.C.); Reporting and participation in the publication of rankings (newspapers El Universal and Reforma); Annual Report of the Faculty of Medicine; Four-year Activities Report of the Scholl of Medicine; Matrix of Results Indicators (MIR); UNAM Memory. The School has the responsibility to be a reference both nationally and internationally and is committed to its pioneering role by disseminating this type of actions, as it encourages other higher education institutions to adopt accountability processes that they consider most suitable to their context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM is the property of UNAM, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM is the property of UNAM, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM is the property of UNAM, Facultad de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To optimize the composting process of sugarcane filter-pressed mud, straw, and ash as an alternative to reduce the environmental contamination of sugarcane cultivation in the Santa Rosalía sugar mill (Ingenio Santa Rosalía) of Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with compost mixtures and the aeration times as study factors. Ten treatments were generated with six repetitions each. The study variables were pH, organic matter (%), and nitrate NO3 - () and ammonium NH4 + () content. Results: The compost mixture factor had significant effects on compost quality parameters. Aeration times did not affect the quality of the different compost mixtures. Chemical characteristics of pH and organic matter did not present differences between the treatments. Study Limitations/Implications: The use of industrial sugarcane residues generates quality organic fertilizers through the composting process; therefore, it is necessary to test more residues, such as molasses and vinasses. Findings/Conclusions: The 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud and the 100% sugarcane filter-pressed mud+0.5% N treatments presented the highest amount of NO3- and NH4+ and were therefore considered the best treatments. All treatments were classified as mature composts, rich in organic matter, with alkaline pH, and made of steady materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]