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3. Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology

Author

Sanz, M. Ceriello, A. Buysschaert, M. Chapple, I. Demmer, R.T. Graziani, F. Herrera, D. Jepsen, S. Lione, L. Madianos, P. Mathur, M. Montanya, E. Shapira, L. Tonetti, M. Vegh, D.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are chronic non-communicable diseases independently associated with mortality and have a bidirectional relationship. Aims: To update the evidence for their epidemiological and mechanistic associations and re-examine the impact of effective periodontal therapy upon metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1C). Epidemiology: There is strong evidence that people with periodontitis have elevated risk for dysglycaemia and insulin resistance. Cohort studies among people with diabetes demonstrate significantly higher HbA1C levels in patients with periodontitis (versus periodontally healthy patients), but there are insufficient data among people with type 1 diabetes. Periodontitis is also associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms: Mechanistic links between periodontitis and diabetes involve elevations in interleukin (IL)-1-β, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio, oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 expression. Interventions: Periodontal therapy is safe and effective in people with diabetes, and it is associated with reductions in HbA1C of 0.27–0.48% after 3 months, although studies involving longer-term follow-up are inconclusive. Conclusions: The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) report consensus guidelines for physicians, oral healthcare professionals and patients to improve early diagnosis, prevention and comanagement of diabetes and periodontitis. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S and Elsevier B.V.

Published
2018

10. Brane tilings and M2 branes

Author

Hanany, A, Vegh, D, Zaffaroni, A, ZAFFARONI, ALBERTO, Hanany, A, Vegh, D, Zaffaroni, A, and ZAFFARONI, ALBERTO

Abstract

Brane tilings are efficient mnemonics for Lagrangians of N=2 Chern-Simons-matter theories. Such theories are conjectured to arise on M2-branes probing singular toric Calabi-Yau fourfolds. In this paper, a simple modification of the Kasteleyn technique is described which is conjectured to compute the three dimensional toric diagram of the non-compact moduli space of a single probe. The Hilbert Series is used to compute the spectrum of non-trivial scaling dimensions for a selected set of examples.

Published
2009

11. Counting chiral operators in quiver gauge theories

Author

Butti, A, Forcella, D, Hanany, A, Vegh, D, Zaffaroni, A, ZAFFARONI, ALBERTO, Butti, A, Forcella, D, Hanany, A, Vegh, D, Zaffaroni, A, and ZAFFARONI, ALBERTO

Abstract

We discuss in detail the problem of counting BPS gauge invariant operators in the chiral ring of quiver gauge theories living on D-branes probing generic toric CY singularities. The computation of generating functions that include counting of baryonic operators is based on a relation between the baryonic charges in field theory and the Kahler moduli of the CY singularities. A study of the interplay between gauge theory and geometry shows that given geometrical sectors appear more than once in the field theory, leading to a notion of '' multiplicities ''. We explain in detail how to decompose the generating function for one D-brane into different sectors and how to compute their relevant multiplicities by introducing geometric and anomalous baryonic charges. The Plethystic Exponential remains a major tool for passing from one D-brane to arbitrary number N of D-branes. Explicit formulae are given for few examples, including C-3/Z(3), F-0, and dP(1).

Published
2007

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