242 results on '"Veenman P"'
Search Results
2. Bayesian hierarchical modeling: an introduction and reassessment
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Veenman, Myrthe, Stefan, Angelika M., and Haaf, Julia M.
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- 2024
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3. Gender mobility in the labor market with skills-based matching models
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Adhikari, Ajaya, Vethman, Steven, Vos, Daan, Lenz, Marc, Cocu, Ioana, Tolios, Ioannis, and Veenman, Cor J.
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Skills-based matching promises mobility of workers between different sectors and occupations in the labor market. In this case, job seekers can look for jobs they do not yet have experience in, but for which they do have relevant skills. Currently, there are multiple occupations with a skewed gender distribution. For skills-based matching, it is unclear if and how a shift in the gender distribution, which we call gender mobility, between occupations will be effected. It is expected that the skills-based matching approach will likely be data-driven, including computational language models and supervised learning methods. This work, first, shows the presence of gender segregation in language model-based skills representation of occupations. Second, we assess the use of these representations in a potential application based on simulated data, and show that the gender segregation is propagated by various data-driven skills-based matching models.These models are based on different language representations (bag of words, word2vec, and BERT), and distance metrics (static and machine learning-based). Accordingly, we show how skills-based matching approaches can be evaluated and compared on matching performance as well as on the risk of gender segregation. Making the gender segregation bias of models more explicit can help in generating healthy trust in the use of these models in practice., Comment: This paper was presented during the AAAI Spring Symposium 2023 (AI Trustworthiness Assessment (AITA) track)
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- 2023
4. Fair tree classifier using strong demographic parity
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Pereira Barata, António, Takes, Frank W., van den Herik, H. Jaap, and Veenman, Cor J.
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- 2024
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5. Anomalous NO2 emitting ship detection with TROPOMI satellite data and machine learning
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Kurchaba, Solomiia, van Vliet, Jasper, Verbeek, Fons J., and Veenman, Cor J.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
Starting from 2021, more demanding $\text{NO}_\text{x}$ emission restrictions were introduced for ships operating in the North and Baltic Sea waters. Since all methods currently used for ship compliance monitoring are financially and time demanding, it is important to prioritize the inspection of ships that have high chances of being non-compliant. The current state-of-the-art approach for a large-scale ship $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ estimation is a supervised machine learning-based segmentation of ship plumes on TROPOMI/S5P images. However, challenging data annotation and insufficiently complex ship emission proxy used for the validation limit the applicability of the model for ship compliance monitoring. In this study, we present a method for the automated selection of potentially non-compliant ships using a combination of machine learning models on TROPOMI satellite data. It is based on a proposed regression model predicting the amount of $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ that is expected to be produced by a ship with certain properties operating in the given atmospheric conditions. The model does not require manual labeling and is validated with TROPOMI data directly. The differences between the predicted and actual amount of produced $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ are integrated over observations of the ship in time and are used as a measure of the inspection worthiness of a ship. To assure the robustness of the results, we compare the obtained results with the results of the previously developed segmentation-based method. Ships that are also highly deviating in accordance with the segmentation method require further attention. If no other explanations can be found by checking the TROPOMI data, the respective ships are advised to be the candidates for inspection.
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- 2023
6. PERFEX: Classifier Performance Explanations for Trustworthy AI Systems
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Walraven, Erwin, Adhikari, Ajaya, and Veenman, Cor J.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Explainability of a classification model is crucial when deployed in real-world decision support systems. Explanations make predictions actionable to the user and should inform about the capabilities and limitations of the system. Existing explanation methods, however, typically only provide explanations for individual predictions. Information about conditions under which the classifier is able to support the decision maker is not available, while for instance information about when the system is not able to differentiate classes can be very helpful. In the development phase it can support the search for new features or combining models, and in the operational phase it supports decision makers in deciding e.g. not to use the system. This paper presents a method to explain the qualities of a trained base classifier, called PERFormance EXplainer (PERFEX). Our method consists of a meta tree learning algorithm that is able to predict and explain under which conditions the base classifier has a high or low error or any other classification performance metric. We evaluate PERFEX using several classifiers and datasets, including a case study with urban mobility data. It turns out that PERFEX typically has high meta prediction performance even if the base classifier is hardly able to differentiate classes, while giving compact performance explanations.
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- 2022
7. Gender mobility in the labor market with skills-based matching models
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Adhikari, Ajaya, Vethman, Steven, Vos, Daan, Lenz, Marc, Cocu, Ioana, Tolios, Ioannis, and Veenman, Cor J.
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- 2024
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8. Author Correction: Ethical aspects of ChatGPT: an approach to discuss and evaluate key requirements from different ethical perspectives
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Steen, Marc, de Greeff, Joachim, de Boer, Maaike, and Veenman, Cor
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- 2024
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9. Supervised segmentation of NO2 plumes from individual ships using TROPOMI satellite data
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Kurchaba, Solomiia, van Vliet, Jasper, Verbeek, Fons J., Meulman, Jacqueline J., and Veenman, Cor J.
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,J.2 ,I.5.4 ,I.5.3 ,I.2.1 - Abstract
The shipping industry is one of the strongest anthropogenic emitters of $\text{NO}_\text{x}$ -- substance harmful both to human health and the environment. The rapid growth of the industry causes societal pressure on controlling the emission levels produced by ships. All the methods currently used for ship emission monitoring are costly and require proximity to a ship, which makes global and continuous emission monitoring impossible. A promising approach is the application of remote sensing. Studies showed that some of the $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ plumes from individual ships can visually be distinguished using the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on board the Copernicus Sentinel 5 Precursor (TROPOMI/S5P). To deploy a remote sensing-based global emission monitoring system, an automated procedure for the estimation of $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ emissions from individual ships is needed. The extremely low signal-to-noise ratio of the available data as well as the absence of ground truth makes the task very challenging. Here, we present a methodology for the automated segmentation of $\text{NO}_\text{2}$ plumes produced by seagoing ships using supervised machine learning on TROPOMI/S5P data. We show that the proposed approach leads to a more than a 20\% increase in the average precision score in comparison to the methods used in previous studies and results in a high correlation of 0.834 with the theoretically derived ship emission proxy. This work is a crucial step toward the development of an automated procedure for global ship emission monitoring using remote sensing data., Comment: Version as accepted to MDPI Remote Sensing Journal on November 2022
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- 2022
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10. Context-Aware Discrimination Detection in Job Vacancies using Computational Language Models
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Vethman, S., Adhikari, A., de Boer, M. H. T., van Genabeek, J. A. G. M., and Veenman, C. J.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Discriminatory job vacancies are disapproved worldwide, but remain persistent. Discrimination in job vacancies can be explicit by directly referring to demographic memberships of candidates. More implicit forms of discrimination are also present that may not always be illegal but still influence the diversity of applicants. Explicit written discrimination is still present in numerous job vacancies, as was recently observed in the Netherlands. Current efforts for the detection of explicit discrimination concern the identification of job vacancies containing potentially discriminating terms such as "young" or "male". However, automatic detection is inefficient due to low precision: e.g. "we are a young company" or "working with mostly male patients" are phrases that contain explicit terms, while the context shows that these do not reflect discriminatory content. In this paper, we show how machine learning based computational language models can raise precision in the detection of explicit discrimination by identifying when the potentially discriminating terms are used in a discriminatory context. We focus on gender discrimination, which indeed suffers from low precision when filtering explicit terms. First, we created a data set for gender discrimination in job vacancies. Second, we investigated a variety of computational language models for discriminatory context detection. Third, we evaluated the capability of these models to detect unforeseen discriminating terms in context. The results show that machine learning based methods can detect explicit gender discrimination with high precision and help in finding new forms of discrimination. Accordingly, the proposed methods can substantially increase the effectiveness of detecting job vacancies which are highly suspected to be discriminatory. In turn, this may lower the discrimination experienced at the start of the recruitment process., Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures
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- 2022
11. The efficacy of a self-help parenting program for parents of children with externalizing behavior: a randomized controlled trial
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de Jong, Suzanne R. C., van den Hoofdakker, Barbara J., van der Veen-Mulders, Lianne, Veenman, Betty, Twisk, Jos W. R., Oosterlaan, Jaap, and Luman, Marjolein
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- 2023
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12. Fair Tree Classifier using Strong Demographic Parity
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Barata, António Pereira, Takes, Frank W., Herik, H. Jaap van den, and Veenman, Cor J.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
When dealing with sensitive data in automated data-driven decision-making, an important concern is to learn predictors with high performance towards a class label, whilst minimising for the discrimination towards any sensitive attribute, like gender or race, induced from biased data. A few hybrid tree optimisation criteria exist that combine classification performance and fairness. Although the threshold-free ROC-AUC is the standard for measuring traditional classification model performance, current fair tree classification methods mainly optimise for a fixed threshold on both the classification task as well as the fairness metric. In this paper, we propose a compound splitting criterion which combines threshold-free (i.e., strong) demographic parity with ROC-AUC termed SCAFF -- Splitting Criterion AUC for Fairness -- and easily extends to bagged and boosted tree frameworks. Our method simultaneously leverages multiple sensitive attributes of which the values may be multicategorical or intersectional, and is tunable with respect to the unavoidable performance-fairness trade-off. In our experiments, we demonstrate how SCAFF generates models with performance and fairness with respect to binary, multicategorical, and multiple sensitive attributes.
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- 2021
13. Past Fire and Vegetation Change in the Hyperdiverse Forests of the Ecuadorian Amazon
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Britte M. Heijink, Annabel Zwarts, Nina H. Witteveen, Jessica Watson, Arie Ebbenhorst, Fedde Veenman, Mats Kessel, Susana León-Yánez, Juan Ernesto Guevara-Andino, María-José Endara, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Mark B. Bush, and Crystal N. H. McMichael
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charcoal ,fire ,forest management ,human influence ,hyperdominant ,paleoecology ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The Ecuadorian Amazon holds more biodiversity than most other places on Earth. Palms are a particularly dominant component of the vegetation; however, it remains unknown to what degree the pattern has persisted through time. Here, we investigate the persistence of palm dominance through time and the degree to which past human activities (e.g., fire, cultivation, and forest opening) have affected changes in palm abundances across five regions of the Ecuadorian Amazon. We analyzed soil cores (40–80 cm depth) from each region for charcoal (evidence of past fire) and phytoliths (evidence of past vegetation change). The timings of fires (based on 14C radiocarbon dates), the occurrence, recurrence, and number of fires (based on charcoal presence and abundance in samples), and the amount of change in palm abundances (based on phytoliths) varied within and between the studied regions. The charcoal and phytolith results indicate the presence of low levels of past human activity at all sites. Our results show that patterns of modern palm hyperdominance found in Amazonian forests have not been persistent through time, and that even low levels of past human activities can affect palm abundance.
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- 2024
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14. Oral and craniofacial research in the Generation R study: an executive summary
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van Meijeren-van Lunteren, Agatha W., Liu, Xianjing, Veenman, Francien C. H., Grgic, Olja, Dhamo, Brunilda, van der Tas, Justin T., Prijatelj, Vid, Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Wolvius, Eppo B., and Kragt, Lea
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- 2023
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15. A membrane filtration method for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in bathing water and other waters with high levels of background bacteria
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Merel A. Kemper, Christiaan Veenman, Hetty Blaak, and Franciska M. Schets
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bathing water ,comparative study ,escherichia coli ,performance characteristics ,surface water ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
The presence and level of faecal indicator bacteria are important factors in estimating the microbiological quality of surface water and the risk of human infection upon exposure to this water. Until 2014, ISO 9308-1:2000 was available and used to enumerate faecal indicator Escherichia coli in bathing water. In 2014, this ISO was technically revised and replaced by ISO 9308-1:2014. This ISO introduced a less selective method for enumeration of E. coli that allows non-specific growth from waters containing high levels of bacteria, such as surface waters. This implies that currently there is no suitable reference membrane filtration method for the compliance monitoring of official bathing sites for E. coli according to the European Bathing Water Directive. Here, the performance characteristics of three chromogenic culture media, namely Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar, Chromogenic Coliform Agar (CCA), and CHROMagar E. coli/Coliform (ECC) were investigated at 44 °C for water with varying levels of bacteria according to ISO 13843:2017. Based on performance characteristics, colony counts, and practical usage, TBX appeared the most suitable culture medium for the enumeration of E. coli in bathing water and other waters with high levels of background bacteria, such as surface water in agricultural areas and wastewater discharge points. HIGHLIGHTS Performance characteristics at 44 °C, after resuscitation at 36 °C, were comparable for the tested chromogenic culture media TBX, CCA, and ECC.; Based on performance characteristics, colony counts, and practical usage, TBX was selected as the preferential culture medium.;
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- 2023
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16. Barriers and facilitators in the referral pathways to low vision services from the perspective of patients and professionals: a qualitative study
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Stolwijk, M. L., van Nispen, R. M. A., van der Ham, A. J., Veenman, E., and van Rens, G. H. M. B.
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- 2023
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17. Barriers and facilitators in the referral pathways to low vision services from the perspective of patients and professionals: a qualitative study
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M. L. Stolwijk, R. M. A. van Nispen, A. J. van der Ham, E. Veenman, and G. H. M. B. van Rens
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Low vision services ,Referral ,Health services research ,Visual impairment ,Barriers and facilitators ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Underutilization of and lack of access to low vision services (LVS) has been reported internationally. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators in LVS referral procedures and service delivery from both the perspective of people with visual impairment and professionals from different eye care providers in the Netherlands. Methods A qualitative study in the Netherlands was conducted. Barriers and facilitators were explored through semi structured interviews with older adults with macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and/or glaucoma (n = 14), and healthcare professionals including ophthalmologists and LVS professionals (n = 16). Framework analysis was used for analyzing the interviews with Atlas.ti software. Results According to both patients and professionals, facilitators in LVS access and utilization are having motivation, self-advocacy, high participation needs and social support, as well as being negatively impacted by the impairment. Both samples found having good communication skills and informing patients about LVS as a healthcare provider to facilitate access. A long patient-provider relationship and the Dutch healthcare system were also mentioned as facilitators. Professionals additionally found long disease duration and the presence of low vision optometric services in the ophthalmic practice to promote access. Barriers that were reported by patients and professionals are lack of motivation, self-advocacy and acceptance of the impairment in patients. In addition, having low participation needs as a patient, lack of information provision by providers and time constraints in the ophthalmic practice were mentioned as barriers. Professionals also reported lack of social support, short disease duration of patients, a short patient-provider relationship and lack of coordination of care in the ophthalmic practice to hinder access. Conclusions Findings suggest that providers’ lack of information provision about LVS, especially to patients who are less assertive, hamper referral to LVS. Providers should have attention for patients’ LVS needs and actively inform them and their social network about LVS to facilitate access. Educating and training providers about how and when to address LVS may help to reduce barriers in the referral pathways. In addition, referral procedures may benefit from tools that make providers more aware of LVS.
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- 2023
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18. Stability analysis by dynamic dissipation inequalities: On merging frequency-domain techniques with time-domain conditions
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Scherer, Carsten W. and Veenman, Joost
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
In this paper we provide a complete link between dissipation theory and a celebrated result on stability analysis with integral quadratic constraints. This is achieved with a new stability characterization for feedback interconnections based on the notion of finite-horizon integral quadratic constraints with a terminal cost. As the main benefit, this opens up opportunities for guaranteeing constraints on the transient responses of trajectories in feedback loops within absolute stability theory. For parametric robustness, we show how to generate tight robustly invariant ellipsoids on the basis of a classical frequency-domain stability test, with illustrations by a numerical example.
- Published
- 2018
19. The Role of Direct Strategy Instruction and Indirect Activation of Self-Regulated Learning--Evidence from Classroom Observation Studies
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Dignath, Charlotte and Veenman, Marcel V. J.
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Despite the consensus about the importance of self-regulated learning for academic as well as for lifelong learning, it is still poorly understood as to how teachers can most effectively support their students in enacting self-regulated learning. This article provides a framework about how self-regulated learning can be activated directly through strategy instruction and indirectly by creating a learning environment that allows students to regulate their learning. In examining teachers' instructional attempts for SRL, we systematically review the literature on classroom observation studies that have assessed how teachers support their students' SRL. The results of the 17 retrieved studies show that in most classrooms, only little direct strategy instruction took place. Nevertheless, some teachers provided their students with learning environments that require and thus foster self-regulated learning indirectly. Based on a review of classroom observation studies, this article stresses the significance of: (1) instructing SRL strategies explicitly so that students develop metacognitive knowledge and skills to integrate the application of these strategies successfully into their learning process; and (2) the necessity of complementing classroom observation research with data gathered from student and teacher self-report in order to obtain a comprehensive view of the effectiveness of teacher approaches to support SRL. Finally, we discuss ten cornerstones for future directions for research about supporting SRL.
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- 2021
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20. Outcomes from the First European Planetary Health Congress at ARTIS in Amsterdam
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Remco Kort, Koen Arts, Josep M. Antó, Matty P. Berg, Gabrielle Cepella, Jennifer Cole, Amarylle van Doorn, Tomás van Gorp, Milo Grootjen, Joyeeta Gupta, Colin Hill, Eva van der Heide, Jef Huisman, Jopke Janmaat, Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo, Juliette Mattijsen, Tulsi Modi, Evanne Nowak, Hans C. Ossebaard, Jessica den Outer, Bruno Pot, Frederike Praasterink, Marju Prass, Alexandre Robert, Michiel Roelse, Jaap Seidell, Hans Slabbekoorn, Wouter Spek, Ralf Klemens Stappen, Marleen Stikker, Jorieke van der Stelt, Marian Stuiver, Rembrandt Sutorius, Jip van Trommel, Martine Veenman, Christian Weij, and Pim Martens
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planetary health ,social justice ,transdisciplinary research ,biodiversity loss ,climate change ,Technology ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
The First European Planetary Health Congress, held from 5 to 7 July 2023 at ARTIS in Amsterdam, represented a significant milestone in the global movement of Planetary Health. The event brought together 121 attendees from academia and the private sector dedicated to addressing the impact of human disruptions to natural systems on the well-being of life on Earth. Co-organized by Natura Artis Magistra (ARTIS) and the European Hub of the Planetary Health Alliance (PHA), the Congress featured five workshops: The Future of Planetary Health Cities, Impact through Synergy, Planetary Health Education, Movement Building, and Food and Microbes. Oral presentations addressed the theme of how human health and the health of human civilization depend on the natural environment, including subthemes on Earth, Water, and Food. Additionally, the subtheme of Humans reflected on how humanity can thrive within Planetary Boundaries and how to imagine a prosperous future for all life on Earth. The First European Planetary Health Congress offered a platform for fostering sustainable, just, and equitable societies within ecological limits. Accordingly, ARTIS and the European Hub aim to shape a hopeful future for generations to come.
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- 2023
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21. Fair automated assessment of noncompliance in cargo ship networks
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Gerrit Jan de Bruin, Antonio Pereira Barata, H. Jaap van den Herik, Frank W. Takes, and Cor J. Veenman
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Data-driven inspection ,Fair classification ,Mobility patterns ,Port state control ,Cargo ship network ,Ship risk profile ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Cargo ships navigating global waters are required to be sufficiently safe and compliant with international treaties. Governmental inspectorates currently assess in a rule-based manner whether a ship is potentially noncompliant and thus needs inspection. One of the dominant ship characteristics in this assessment is the ‘colour’ of the flag a ship is flying, where countries with a positive reputation have a so-called ‘white flag’. The colour of a flag may disproportionately influence the inspector, causing more frequent and stricter inspections of ships flying a non-white flag, resulting in confirmation bias in historical inspection data. In this paper, we propose an automated approach for the assessment of ship noncompliance, realising two important contributions. First, we reduce confirmation bias by using fair classifiers that decorrelate the flag from the risk classification returned by the model. Second, we extract mobility patterns from a cargo ship network, allowing us to derive meaningful features for ship classification. Crucially, these features model the behaviour of a ship, rather than its static properties. Our approach shows both a higher overall prediction performance and improved fairness with respect to the flag. Ultimately, this work enables inspectorates to better target noncompliant ships, thereby improving overall maritime safety and environmental protection.
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- 2022
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22. Experiences of people with dual sensory loss in various areas of life: A qualitative study.
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E Veenman, A A J Roelofs, M L Stolwijk, A M Bootsma, and R M A van Nispen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Individuals with dual sensory loss (DSL) appear to have limited ability to compensate for their visual impairment with residual hearing, or for their hearing impairment with residual vision, resulting in challenges in various areas of life. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the diverse experiences facing individuals with DSL as well as to determine how they experience sensory compensation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in twenty adults with DSL (13 females and 7 males, mean age 47 years). The causes of DSL severity varied amongst participants. Sensory compensation and experiences in regards to access to information, mobility, communication and fatigue were discussed. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis was used to summarize and interpret the data. In relation to access to information, our results show that, despite various challenges, the use of assistive technology such as voice command functions, enabled participants to operate effectively. Regarding mobility, most participants were capable of finding their way in familiar environments. However, if the setting was unfamiliar, assistance from others or reliance on navigation applications was necessary. Participants experienced little issues with having conversations in quiet settings, however, crowded settings were considered very difficult. The final results showed that most participants suffered from fatigue. Carefully considering which daily activities were feasible and having a daily routine helped to cope with fatigue. This study revealed the experiences of individuals with DSL in important areas of life. The results suggest that, even though many challenges are experienced, individuals with DSL are resourceful in finding compensation strategies. However, capturing participants' sensory compensation experiences was challenging.
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- 2023
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23. Fair automated assessment of noncompliance in cargo ship networks
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de Bruin, Gerrit Jan, Pereira Barata, Antonio, van den Herik, H. Jaap, Takes, Frank W., and Veenman, Cor J.
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- 2022
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24. Prediction of long-term hospitalisation and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure on Dutch claims data: a machine learning approach
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Onno P. van der Galiën, René C. Hoekstra, Muhammed T. Gürgöze, Olivier C. Manintveld, Mark R. van den Bunt, Cor J. Veenman, and Eric Boersma
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Heart failure ,Health insurance claims ,Prognosis ,Outcomes ,Machine learning ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Background Accurately predicting which patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are particularly vulnerable for adverse outcomes is of crucial importance to support clinical decision making. The goal of the current study was to examine the predictive value on long term heart failure (HF) hospitalisation and all-cause mortality in CHF patients, by exploring and exploiting machine learning (ML) and traditional statistical techniques on a Dutch health insurance claims database. Methods Our study population consisted of 25,776 patients with a CHF diagnosis code between 2012 and 2014 and one year and three years follow-up HF hospitalisation (1446 and 3220 patients respectively) and all-cause mortality (2434 and 7882 patients respectively) were measured from 2015 to 2018. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated after modelling the data using Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Elastic Net regression and Neural Networks. Results AUC rates ranged from 0.710 to 0.732 for 1-year HF hospitalisation, 0.705–0.733 for 3-years HF hospitalisation, 0.765–0.787 for 1-year mortality and 0.764–0.791 for 3-years mortality. Elastic Net performed best for all endpoints. Differences between techniques were small and only statistically significant between Elastic Net and Logistic Regression compared with Random Forest for 3-years HF hospitalisation. Conclusion In this study based on a health insurance claims database we found clear predictive value for predicting long-term HF hospitalisation and mortality of CHF patients by using ML techniques compared to traditional statistics.
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- 2021
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25. The relation between computational thinking and logical thinking in the context of robotics education
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Kim Veenman, Jos L. J. Tolboom, and Olivier van Beekum
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computational thinking test (CTT) ,robotics ,test of logical thinking test (TOLT) ,measure and analysis ,science technology engineering mathematics (STEM) ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
Computational thinking is a popular student skill on a steep rise today. Nevertheless, the assessment of this skill is a matter of contention. This pilot study examines whether computational and logical thinking are related. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a robotics course concerning logical thinking and computational thinking on 14-year-old Dutch students. Thirty-five students were pre-tested to assess their logical thinking and post-tested for their logical thinking and their computational thinking. The intervention group (N = 11) followed a robotics course between the pre- and post-test. This study's results show a significant positive correlation between computational and logical thinking. This study, with small sample size, does not show the effect of the robotics course on either logical or computational thinking.
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- 2022
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26. Outcomes from the First European Planetary Health Hub Convening at ARTIS in Amsterdam
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Remco Kort, Jeremy Pivor, Josep M. Antó, Annemarie Bergsma, Peter J. Blankestijn, Olette Bollen, Egid van Bree, Joyce L. Browne, Judith de Bruin, Jasper Buikx, Chiara Cadeddu, Jennifer Cole, Francesca Costabile, Aimée de Croon, Anneliese Depoux, Ian Fussell, Bernhard Goodwin, Arte Groenewegen, Milo Grootjen, Jaana I. Halonen, Riitta-Maija Hämäläinen, Pieter ten Have, Martin Herrmann, Pauline de Heer, Godelieve van Heteren, Jopke Janmaat, Marija Jevtic, Hans Mulder, Nathalie Lambrecht, Vincenzo Lionetti, Camilla Alay Llamas, Maarten Manten, Pim Martens, Ariadna Moreno, Francine Müller, Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo, Sara Muller, Cecilia Manosa Nyblon, Juliette Mattijsen, Hans Ossebaard, Karlien Pijnenborg, Nynke Postma, Lisa Pörtner, Marju Prass, Lekha Rathod, Alexandre Robert, Andrée Rochfort, Alexis Roig, Anja Schoch, Eva-Maria Schwienhorst-Stich, Ralf Klemens Stappen, Ingrid Stegeman, Jorieke van der Stelt, Peter Stenvinkel, Rembrandt Sutorius, Valesca Venhof, Martine Veenman, Leonardo Villani, Maike Voss, Michiel de Vries, Laura van der Zande, Andreea Zotinca, Arnau Queralt-Bassa, and Samuel S. Myers
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planetary health ,social justice ,transdisciplinary research ,biodiversity loss ,climate change ,Technology ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
A new network of over 72 organizations from 12 countries was activated during a convening at ARTIS in Amsterdam on 26–27 September 2022. Representatives are aligned with the transdisciplinary field and social movement of Planetary Health, which analyzes and addresses the impacts of human disruptions to natural systems on human health and all life on Earth. The new European Planetary Health Hub consists of organizations from various sectors, including universities, healthcare, youth, business, and civil society. The Convening, co-organized by the Planetary Health Alliance (PHA), the European Environment and Sustainable Development Advisory Councils Network (EEAC), and Natura Artis Magistra (ARTIS), aimed to develop Planetary Health Working Groups for Education, Policy Engagement, Research, and Movement Building. The Convening resulted in an outline for each of the Working Group’s aims, visions, missions, priorities, and activities, and set the framework for sustaining their activities in the future through the establishment of the European Planetary Health Hub Secretariat in the Netherlands. The Hub members shared lessons learned, built relationships, and developed artwork-inspired perspectives on Planetary Health. In conclusion, the Convening led to the establishment of a strong European foundation to contribute to the transformations needed for sustainable, just, and equitable societies that flourish within the limits of our ecosystems.
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- 2023
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27. Measuring Metacognitive Skills for Mathematics: Students' Self-Reports versus On-Line Assessment Methods
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Veenman, Marcel V. J. and van Cleef, Dorit
- Abstract
Various instruments for assessing metacognitive skills and strategy use exist. Off-line self-reports are questionnaires and interviews administered either before or after task performance, while on-line measures are gathered during task performance through thinking aloud or observation. Multi-method studies in reading have shown that off-line methods suffer from serious validity problems, whereas the validity of on-line methods is adequate. Little is known, however, about the validity of methods for assessing metacognition in mathematics. Five instruments were administered to 30 secondary-school students: two prospective questionnaires (MSLQ and ILS) before a mathematics task, two on-line methods (observation and thinking aloud) concurrent to the mathematics task, and a task-specific retrospective questionnaire after the mathematics task. Mathematics performance was assessed by a posttest and GPA. Results confirm that prospective questionnaires have poor convergent and predictive validity in mathematics. Although the retrospective questionnaire does slightly better than prospective questionnaires, the validity of both on-line methods stands out. It is concluded that on-line instruments should be preferred over off-line instruments for the assessment of metacognitive skillfulness in mathematics.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Prediction of long-term hospitalisation and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure on Dutch claims data: a machine learning approach
- Author
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van der Galiën, Onno P., Hoekstra, René C., Gürgöze, Muhammed T., Manintveld, Olivier C., van den Bunt, Mark R., Veenman, Cor J., and Boersma, Eric
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Supervised temporal link prediction in large-scale real-world networks
- Author
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de Bruin, Gerrit Jan, Veenman, Cor J., van den Herik, H. Jaap, and Takes, Frank W.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Supervised Segmentation of NO2 Plumes from Individual Ships Using TROPOMI Satellite Data
- Author
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Solomiia Kurchaba, Jasper van Vliet, Fons J. Verbeek, Jacqueline J. Meulman, and Cor J. Veenman
- Subjects
TROPOMI/S5P satellite ,NO2 ,maritime shipping ,supervised learning ,remote sensing application ,ship plume segmentation ,Science - Abstract
The shipping industry is one of the strongest anthropogenic emitters of NOx—a substance harmful both to human health and the environment. The rapid growth of the industry causes societal pressure on controlling the emission levels produced by ships. All the methods currently used for ship emission monitoring are costly and require proximity to a ship, which makes global and continuous emission monitoring impossible. A promising approach is the application of remote sensing. Studies showed that some of the NO2 plumes from individual ships can visually be distinguished using the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on board the Copernicus Sentinel 5 Precursor (TROPOMI/S5P). To deploy a remote-sensing-based global emission monitoring system, an automated procedure for the estimation of NO2 emissions from individual ships is needed. The extremely low signal-to-noise ratio of the available data, as well as the absence of the ground truth makes the task very challenging. Here, we present a methodology for the automated segmentation of NO2 plumes produced by seagoing ships using supervised machine learning on TROPOMI/S5P data. We show that the proposed approach leads to more than a 20% increase in the average precision score in comparison to the methods used in previous studies and results in a high correlation of 0.834 with the theoretically derived ship emission proxy. This work is a crucial step towards the development of an automated procedure for global ship emission monitoring using remote sensing data.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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31. A Mismatch in Future Narratives? A Comparative Analysis Between Energy Futures in Policy and of Citizens
- Author
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Simone W. Haarbosch, Maria Kaufmann, and Sietske Veenman
- Subjects
futures ,energy ,energy justice ,narratives ,policy ,citizens ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In the Netherlands, one of the goals of the energy transition is to expand the energy neutrality of houses up to 1.5 million houses until 2030. Citizens are expected to play an important role in this process, but the implementation is hampering, as citizens do not take up this role, for example, installing solar panels. Policy documents tend to anticipate futures changes from an economic rationale, which tends to align more clearly with the anticipated futures of higher educated, financially wealthy households. So, in a broader perspective, it is unclear how the future desires and expectations of citizens are represented in policy. Often, policies focus on the implementation of best-practices, in contrast, this study investigated in the potential mismatches between futures of citizens and environmental policies. As (policy) narratives of the future are performative, excluding certain stakeholders' perceptions might lead to energy injustice and could jeopardize the implementation of the energy transition. Indeed, expectations and desires of citizens seem not to be considered as they are based on different rationales (e.g., clean, green, safe living environment). This paper aims to analyse the future “narrative mismatches” (Ottinger, 2017) in the context of the energy transition in the Netherlands. Therefore, we combine a futures perspective, which distinguishes between expected, desired, and strategic future; and an energy justice perspective as we want to analyse how different issues of energy justice are recognized in these future narratives. Our research question is “How do policy future narratives on energy relate to future narratives that are important to citizens' everyday life in the Netherlands?” A narrative approach had been chosen to conduct a comparative analysis between a set of policy documents and the narratives of 30 local citizens. We identified several future narrative mismatches, which can be distinguished in two main types: (1) opposing mismatches, where policy narratives and narratives of citizens anticipate antagonistic futures, and (2) disconnected mismatches, where the mismatch emerges because narratives do not engage with each other and focus on different issues. These mismatches of anticipated futures might create challenges for the implementation of the energy transition characterized by just decision-making and a fair distribution of burdens and benefits.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. From Parent to Child: Early Labor Market Experiences of Second-Generation Immigrants in the Netherlands. Discussion Paper.
- Author
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Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn (Germany)., van Ours, Jan C., and Veenman, Justus
- Abstract
This study investigated the early labor market experiences of second generation immigrants in the Netherlands, focusing on Turks, Moroccans, Surinamese, and Antilleans. Researchers examined those leaving school and their job experiences. Data came from a 1998 nationwide survey involving the four minority groups and a Dutch reference group in 13 large cities. Respondents described household composition, immigration history, neighborhood, parental education, work status while in school, leaving school, job search, job characteristics, wages, and type of contract (steady jobs, full-time jobs, and job level). Overall, ethnicity was not an important determinant of labor market position among ethnic minorities. Turkish and Moroccan immigrant children did not perform as well as native Dutch children. Young Surinamese and Antillean children also performed less well than their Dutch counterparts, but the difference was not as large. When leaving school, the average educational level of these ethnic groups was lower, participation in the labor market was lower, and finding a job was less likely than among Dutch natives. Ethnic makeup of the neighborhood did not have a large effect on immigrants' labor market position. Employed workers had jobs with similar characteristics irrespective of ethnicity. Information about the research is appended. (Contains 9 tables and 20 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2002
33. DNA Nanostructure-Templated Antibody Complexes Provide Insights into the Geometric Requirements of Human Complement Cascade Activation.
- Author
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Abendstein, Leoni, Noteborn, Willem E. M., Veenman, Luc S., Dijkstra, Douwe J., van de Bovenkamp, Fleur S., Trouw, Leendert A., and Sharp, Thomas H.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Recente inzichten in het gebruik van alternatieve prestatiemaatstaven door beursgenoteerde ondernemingen
- Author
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David Veenman
- Subjects
Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Business mathematics. Commercial arithmetic. Including tables, etc. ,HF5691-5716 - Abstract
Dit artikel bespreekt recente inzichten uit onderzoek naar het gebruik van alternatieve prestatiemaatstaven. Recente studies tonen aan dat ondernemingen vooral gebruik maken van alternatieve (“non-GAAP”) winstbegrippen om te kunnen voldoen aan de vraag naar waarderelevante informatie, in plaats van om gebruikers te misleiden. Dit impliceert dat voor sommige ondernemingen de huidige prestatiemetingen niet voldoen aan de vraag van externe gebruikers. Een andere conclusie is dat de bestaande literatuur zich vooral focust op de presentatie van alternatieve winstbegrippen in plaats van maatstaven zoals (Adjusted) EBITDA en Free Cash Flow. Tevens focust de literatuur zich vooral op de VS, terwijl de verslaggeving, enforcement, en toegang tot informatie substantieel anders zijn binnen Europa. Dit biedt voldoende aanknopingspunten voor toekomstig onderzoek.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Training Student Teachers in Cooperative Learning Methods.
- Author
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Veenman, Simon, van Benthum, Niek, Bootsma, Dolly, van Dieren, Jildau, and van der Kemp, Nicole
- Abstract
This study described the effects of a course on cooperative learning (CL) for student teachers. The course was conducted at two teacher education colleges in The Netherlands. Data collection included observation of the desired CL teaching behaviors and elementary students' engagement rates during cooperative activities; surveys of preservice teachers' attitudes toward CL; surveys of elementary students' attitudes toward CL; and surveys of preservice teachers' reactions to the course on CL. Results found a significant treatment effect for four of the five basic elements considered essential for lesson activities to be cooperative: positive interdependence, face-to-face interaction, social skills, and group processing. The course had a positive effect on the engagement of elementary students taught by preservice teachers in the treatment condition. Most preservice teachers believed in CL to achieve both academic and social goals, and they showed a readiness to use CL methods in future lessons. Elementary students taught by treatment group preservice teachers also showed positive attitudes toward working in groups and rated the benefits of working in groups rather than working alone quite positively. (Contains 24 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 2000
36. Coaching Teachers-in-Training.
- Author
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Veenman, Simon, Gerrits, Jacqueline, and Kenter, Jacqueline
- Abstract
In this study, the implementation effects of a program for teaching coaching skills to Dutch primary school teachers acting as supervising or cooperating teachers for teachers-in-training are described. Coaching is a form of in-class support intended to provide teachers-in-training with feedback on their functioning and, thereby, stimulate self-reflection and self-analysis to improve instructional effectiveness. Based on pre- and post-training ratings of coaching conferences with the teachers-in-training, a significant treatment effect was found for coaching skills concerned with the development of autonomy (empowerment), feedback, and encouragement of self-reflection. The untrained supervising teachers were rated more effective by their teachers-in-training than the trained supervising teachers for coaching skills concerned with the development of improvement plans and the use of observational data. These differences in favor of the untrained supervising teachers can be attributed to the prior training of supervisory skills, however, and explicit preparation of the teachers-in-training for the Independent Final Teaching Period. (Contains 32 references.) (Author/SM)
- Published
- 1999
37. Cooperative Learning as a Form of Active Learning in Dutch Primary Schools.
- Author
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Veenman, Simon, Kenter, Brenda, and Post, Kiki
- Abstract
This study examined teachers' use and evaluation of cooperative learning along with students' reactions to cooperative grouping and the quality of the group cooperation in a sample of Dutch primary school teachers who implemented cooperative learning methods. Data collection involved teacher questionnaires, student questionnaires, and observation. Teachers reported that cooperative learning occurred in their classrooms about four times a week. They reported improvement in social skills, on-task behavior, and student self-esteem as a result of having students work in groups. The students reported a positive attitude toward cooperative group learning and rated their work in groups as effective. About half of the teachers reported problems with monitoring the cooperative groups. Observations showed the time-on-task levels of students working in groups to be high, but effective learning and cooperation was not promoted. The teachers devoted little time to teaching groupwork skills. In general, the implementation of cooperative grouping was found to lack the features recommended in the literature for effective cooperative learning. (Contains 30 references.) (Author/SM)
- Published
- 1999
38. Wat te doen bij druk en impulsief gedrag?
- Author
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Veenman, Betty and Mutsaers, Eva
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Coaching Beginning Teachers.
- Author
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Veenman, Simon, de Laat, Hanneke, and Staring, Corine
- Abstract
This study describes the effects of a program designed to train Dutch primary school teachers in skills needed to coach and act as mentors for beginning teachers. The study investigated whether mentors who participated in the training program would implement the target coaching skills and whether the beginning teachers coached by the mentors would perceive a change in mentors' coaching skills. An experimental group included 15 trained mentors and their beginning teachers. A control group included seven untrained mentors and their beginning teachers. The training involved a comprehensive manual and a 2-day workshop. Participants received the manual to study before the workshop. Prior to the training, each mentor conducted an audiotaped coaching conference with a beginning teacher. After the training, trained and untrained mentors again conducted audiotaped coaching conferences with the same beginning teachers. Coaching skills of trained and untrained mentors were rated by expert judges and by the beginning teachers. Beginning teachers also estimated the effects of the coaching on their own practice. Analysis of the judges' observations indicated there was a significant treatment effect for the coaching skills related to the development of autonomy, feedback, and encouragement of self-reflection. Pre- and post-training ratings from the beginning teachers showed no significant treatment effects, as the beginning teachers rated their mentors' coaching skills very favorably at pretest. (Contains 27 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1998
40. Interorganisational Networks in the Domain of In-Service Teacher Training.
- Author
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Catholic Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands)., Theunissen, Marielle, and Veenman, Simon
- Abstract
This study examined the characteristics of networks of Dutch teacher training colleges and school-counseling services for inservice teacher training. The study involved a 1992 nationwide survey of inservice training counselors at 42 teacher training colleges and 66 school-counseling services. The survey asked about characteristics of the participants' networks. The results highlighted four types of networks. Researchers examined the networks in detail via a multiple-case study with four network cases. Using several interviews for each case, researchers asked about cooperation regarding inservice training in general and about an educational management course in particular. They also discussed the structure of the cooperation. Certain teachers completed a separate questionnaire about cooperation between teacher-training colleges and school-counseling services during the educational management course and during other courses and the perceived effects of cooperation on the quality and utility of the inservice training. Results indicated that exchange networks (which exchanged professional expertise and resources) were most common, followed by coalitions (which joined forces) and circuits (which attained joint goals). The study showed that the nature of the networks changed over time. The vagueness of government policy about future networking encouraged the respective organizations to cling to their individual autonomy. (Contains 30 references.) (SM)
- Published
- 1998
41. Self-Regulated Learning: Effects of a Training Program for Secondary-School Teachers.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon, Beems, Danielle, Gerrits, Sandra, and Op de Weegh, Gabby
- Abstract
This study addresses the implementation effects of an in-service training program on self-regulated learning for secondary school teachers. A quasi-experimental, treatment-control group investigation was designed to test the effects of this program. Study results suggested that the in-service program on self-regulated learning had little or no effect on the application of regulation strategies by secondary school teachers in the lower grades of the comprehensive school. No significant differences between trained and untrained teachers were found for the Observation Scale for Self-Regulated Learning and the Student Scale for Self-Regulated Learning. Possible interpretations of this outcome are: (1) the training of the teachers may be too short in duration; (2) the generally passive character of student learning in secondary schools; (3) the workshops were conducted after school; and (4) the training on self-regulated learning was isolated from a more comprehensive training program involving a Dutch adaptation of the program "Dimensions of Learning" from the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD). (Contains 27 references.) (Author)
- Published
- 1997
42. The School Principal as Coach.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon
- Abstract
This paper describes the preliminary findings of a training program to develop skills of Dutch primary school principals in coaching teachers for improved teaching. The major research questions addressed whether the 28 school principals who participated in the training program implemented the target coaching skills whether teachers coached by the trained school perceived a change in the coaching skills of the school principals. A training manual was developed and used in a one-day workshop for the principals focusing on skills relevant to the confrontational conference, pre-conference, observation, and post-conference. A quasi-experimental, treatment-controlled group investigation was used to test the effects of the training program. The coaching of trained versus untrained school principals (n=21) was rated by expert judges. Then the coaching of the trained versus untrained school principals was rated by the coached teachers. Based on the pre- and post-training ratings of coaching conferences, a significant treatment effect was found in regard to coaching skills concerned with the development of autonomy (empowerment), feedback, and agreement on classroom observational goals. Although the training was directed at the functions of consulting and confronting, the majority of the school principals conducted coaching conferences that emphasized consulting. (Contains 31 references.) (JLS)
- Published
- 1996
43. Long-Term Effects of a Staff-Development Program on Effective Instruction and Classroom Management for Teachers in Multi-Grade Classes.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon and Raemaekers, Jan
- Abstract
This paper describes the long-term effects of a staff-development program, "Dealing with Multi-Grade Classes," based on selected findings from teaching-effectiveness research in schools with multi-grade or mixed-age classes. The short-term effects were examined in two studies conducted in 1986-87 and 1989-90. In 1992 a follow-up study was conducted. A quasi-experimental, treatment-control group design was used to test the long-term effects of the program and the effects of coaching. Based on pre- and post-training classroom observations, the follow-up study revealed a significant treatment effect for the time-on-task levels of the pupils in the multi-grade classes and for the instructional and classroom management skills of the teachers. No significant differences were found between the coached and un-coached teachers and between the teachers who received the training program either 2 or 5 years ago. No significant differences were found between the post-test and retention test scores. This suggests that the training results were quite stable. No indication of further growth in the executive control of the selected instructional and classroom-management skills was found. No significant differences in achievement were found between the pupils in classes with trained teachers and the pupils in classes with untrained teachers. (Contains 33 references.) (JB)
- Published
- 1995
44. Effective Instruction: Effects of a Pre-Service Teacher Preparation Program for Secondary Schools.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon
- Abstract
A quasi-experimental, treatment-control group investigation was designed to test the effects of a preservice training course in direct instruction methodology for secondary education teachers. Previous findings from teacher-effects research and cognitive strategy instruction were translated into two direct instructional models: a model of executive acting directed at well structured skills and a model of strategic acting directed at higher level thinking strategies. Participants were secondary school student teachers from three teacher training colleges in the Netherlands enrolled in either their second or third year. Sixty-four subjects were in the treatment group and 71 were in the control group. The study contained three sub-studies: (1) an observational study using trained observers; (2) an observational study using the supervising teachers, and (3) a questionnaire and interview study focusing on the reactions of the participants to the course. Pre- and post-training comparison of classroom observations by trained observers revealed significantly more effective instruction by the student teachers after training. No treatment effect was found for pupil engagement rates. The ratings from the supervising teachers did not show significantly better use of the recommended instructional skills by the trained student teachers than by the untrained student teachers. (Contains 20 references.) (JB)
- Published
- 1995
45. Training in Coaching Skills.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon
- Abstract
In this study, the implementation effects of a program for the training in coaching skills with Dutch school counselors are described. These school counselors are expected to provide help and support to primary school teachers. Coaching is a form of in-class support intended to provide teachers with feedback on their own functioning, thereby stimulating self-reflection and self-analysis in order to improve instructional effectiveness. A review of relevant literature revealed a number of models for the clinical supervision or coaching of teachers, each with a number of concretely designed skills. However, no direct relationship was found between coaching and student achievement. To assist school counselors in their attempts to coach teachers, a training program was designed: "The School Counsellor as Coach." A quasi-experimental, treatment-control group investigation was then set up to test the effects of this program. Based on the pre- and post-training ratings of coaching conferences, a significant treatment effect was found for the school counselors' coaching skills related to the development of autonomy (empowerment), feedback, and purposefulness. The pre- and post-training ratings from coached teachers showed no significant treatment effects. Probably this was because the teachers were not accustomed to in-class assistance and thus rated the coaching skills of the school counselors quite favorably even at pre-test. (Contains 31 references.) (Author/ND)
- Published
- 1995
46. Finding Dutch natives in online forums
- Author
-
Bernard van den Boom and Cor J. Veenman
- Subjects
Forensic data science ,text mining ,author profiling ,corpus creation ,big data ,open source intelligence ,native language verification ,Criminal law and procedure ,K5000-5582 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Law enforcement agencies have a restricted area in which their powers apply, which is called their jurisdiction. These restrictions also apply to the Internet. However, on the Internet, the physical borders of the jurisdiction, typically country borders, are hard to discover. In our case, it is hard to establish whether someone involved in criminal online behavior is indeed a Dutch citizen. We propose a way to overcome the arduous task of manually investigating whether a user on an Internet forum is Dutch or not. More precisely, we aim to detect that a given English text is written by a Dutch native author. To develop a detector, we follow a machine learning approach. Therefore, we need to prepare a specific training corpus. To obtain a corpus that is representative for online forums, we collected a large amount of English forum posts from Dutch and non-Dutch authors on Reddit. To learn a detection model, we used a bag-of-words representation to capture potential misspellings, grammatical errors or unusual turns of phrases that are characteristic of the mother tongue of the authors. For this learning task, we compare the linear support vector machine and regularized logistic regression using the appropriate performance metrics f1 score, precision, and average precision. Our results show logistic regression with frequency-based feature selection performs best at predicting Dutch natives. Further study should be directed to the general applicability of the results that is to find out if the developed models are applicable to other forums with comparable high performance.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Evaluation of a Pre-service Training Programme Based on Direct Instruction.
- Author
-
Veenman, Simon
- Abstract
A quasi-experimental, treatment-control group investigation was designed to test the effects of a preservice training course on effective instruction. Research findings from teacher effects research and cognitive strategy instruction were translated into two direct instructional models: one model for explicit or well-structured skills and one model for implicit skills or higher-level thinking strategies. Following a course on effective instruction from their teacher educators, student teachers implemented standardized lessons to apply selected research-derived teaching behaviors and to increase pupil engagement rates. Based on trained observers' pre- and post-training classroom observations, a significant treatment effect was found for student teachers' teaching behaviors regarding effective instruction and for pupil engagement rates. Ratings from supervising teachers also showed that the student teachers who participated in the course on effective instruction used the recommended instructional skills after completion of the course significantly better than prior to the course. (Contains 22 references.) (Author)
- Published
- 1992
48. Intellectual Ability and Working Method as Predictors of Novice Learning.
- Author
-
Veenman, Marcel V. J. and Elshout, Jan J.
- Abstract
Predictors of novice learning in simulation environments were investigated in the domain of statistics. The first objective was to clarify the relation between intellectual ability and working method (e.g., orientation and systematical orderliness), and to determine the effects on learning of working method, independently of intellectual ability. A second objective was to determine whether instructional aid by presenting students with a well-structured task, instead of unguided learning by discovery, might compensate for lack of ability or a poor working method. Twenty-seven first-year university students of relatively high intelligence (n=14) or low intelligence (n=13) worked in either a structured or an unstructured learning environment. Thinking-aloud protocols were analyzed in terms of the quality of working method. Results indicate that the working method of high-intelligence subjects was significantly better than that of subjects of low intelligence; working method was also a strong predictor of learning, independent of intellectual ability. No learning effects due to the level of structure of the learning environment could be detected. Five data tables and a 28-item list of references are included. An appendix contains three definitions from the study. (Author/SLD)
- Published
- 1991
49. Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication—Potential Implication of Sirtuins
- Author
-
Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Ljupcho Krstanoski, and Leo Veenman
- Subjects
fucoidan ,P-selectin ,sirtuin 3 ,brain injury and disease ,excitotoxicity ,inflammation ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Increased interest in natural antioxidants has brought to light the fucoidans (sulfated polysaccharides present in brown marine algae) as highly valued nutrients as well as effective and safe therapeutics against several diseases. Based on their satisfactory in vitro antioxidant potency, researchers have identified this molecule as an efficient remedy for neuropathological as well as metabolic disorders. Some of this therapeutic activity is accomplished by upregulation of cytoprotective molecular pathways capable of restoring the enzymatic antioxidant activity and normal mitochondrial functions. Sirtuin-3 has been discovered as a key player for achieving the neuroprotective role of fucoidan by managing these pathways, whose ultimate goal is retrieving the entirety of the antioxidant response and preventing apoptosis of neurons, thereby averting neurodegeneration and brain injuries. Another pathway whereby fucoidan exerts neuroprotective capabilities is by interactions with P-selectin on endothelial cells, thereby preventing macrophages from entering the brain proper. Furthermore, beneficial influences of fucoidan have been established in hepatocytes after xenobiotic induced liver injury by decreasing transaminase leakage and autophagy as well as obtaining optimal levels of intracellular fiber, which ultimately prevents fibrosis. The hepatoprotective role of this marine polysaccharide also includes a sirtuin, namely sirtuin-1 overexpression, which alleviates obesity and insulin resistance through suppression of hyperglycemia, reducing inflammation and stimulation of enzymatic antioxidant response. While fucoidan is very effective in animal models for brain injury and neuronal degeneration, in general, it is accepted that fucoidan shows somewhat limited potency in liver. Thus far, it has been used in large doses for treatment of acute liver injuries. Thus, it appears that further optimization of fucoidan derivatives may establish enhanced versatility for treatments of various disorders, in addition to brain injury and disease.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of TSPO Studies Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases, Psychiatric Disorders, Alcohol Use Disorders, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke: An Update
- Author
-
Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Ljupcho Krstanoski, and Leo Veenman
- Subjects
brain disorders ,brain disease ,TSPO ,microglia ,astrocytes ,neurons ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cell death are among the common symptoms of many central nervous system diseases and injuries. Neuroinflammation and programmed cell death of the various cell types in the brain appear to be part of these disorders, and characteristic for each cell type, including neurons and glia cells. Concerning the effects of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) on glial activation, as well as being associated with neuronal cell death, as a response mechanism to oxidative stress, the changes of its expression assayed with the aid of TSPO-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracers’ uptake could also offer evidence for following the pathogenesis of these disorders. This could potentially increase the number of diagnostic tests to accurately establish the stadium and development of the disease in question. Nonetheless, the differences in results regarding TSPO PET signals of first and second generations of tracers measured in patients with neurological disorders versus healthy controls indicate that we still have to understand more regarding TSPO characteristics. Expanding on investigations regarding the neuroprotective and healing effects of TSPO ligands could also contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of TSPO activity for brain damage due to brain injury and disease. Studies so far have directed attention to the effects on neurons and glia, and processes, such as death, inflammation, and regeneration. It is definitely worthwhile to drive such studies forward. From recent research it also appears that TSPO ligands, such as PK11195, Etifoxine, Emapunil, and 2-Cl-MGV-1, demonstrate the potential of targeting TSPO for treatments of brain diseases and disorders.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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