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3 results on '"Veen, GF (Ciska)"'

1. Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Author

Sitters, Judith, Wubs, ER Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Crowther, Thomas W, Adler, Peter B, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D, Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T, Cleland, Elsa E, Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E, Knops, Johannes MH, MacDougall, Andrew S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L, Prober, Suzanne M, Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W, Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J, and Veen, GF Ciska

Subjects
Climate Action, carbon sequestration, exclosure, fertilization, global change, grazing, herbivory, nutrient dynamics, nutrient enrichment, Nutrient Network, soil microorganisms, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.

Published
2020

2. Aquatic grazers reduce the establishment and growth of riparian plants along an environmental gradient

Author

Veen, GF (Ciska), Sarneel, Judith M, Ravensbergen, Lone, Huig, Naomi, van Paassen, Jose, Rip, Winnie, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Veen, GF (Ciska), Sarneel, Judith M, Ravensbergen, Lone, Huig, Naomi, van Paassen, Jose, Rip, Winnie, and Bakker, Elisabeth S

Abstract

1. The establishment of riparian plants is determined by abiotic conditions and grazing, although it is usually presumed that the former are most important. We tested the impact of aquatic grazers on the survival and growth of establishing riparian plants and whether the impact of grazing interacts with abiotic conditions. 2. We conducted an experiment across 10 Dutch wetlands, covering a large range of water depth and nutrient availability. We introduced 1-year-old plants of an emergent (common reed, Phragmites australis) and a floating (water soldier, Stratiotes aloides) species in individual enclosures (n=5 per site) that excluded predominantly waterbirds, which were the most abundant grazers, and on adjacent unprotected plots. Survival and growth were measured during one growing season. 3. Grazing reduced growth (as biomass) of Phragmites and Stratiotes by a mean of 25 and 60%, respectively. Grazing decreased survival of Stratiotes, but not of Phragmites. Shallow water, water-level fluctuations, eutrophic conditions and enough light favoured both growth and survival of Phragmites. Growth of Stratiotes was unaffected by these factors, but they reduced its survival. For both species, grazing effects on biomass were consistent across environmental conditions, but for Phragmites, grazing effects on survival were influenced by abiotic conditions. 4. We conclude that aquatic grazers significantly reduce the establishment and growth of macrophytes in the riparian zone over a wide range of environmental conditions.

Published
2013
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3. Plant-Soil Feedback : Bridging Natural and Agricultural Sciences

Author

Zia Mehrabi, Andrew Kulmatiski, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden, Pierre Mariotte, Paul Kardol, T. Martijn Bezemer, Barbara Drigo, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, G. F. (Ciska) Veen, Mariotte, Pierre, Mehrabi, Zia, Bezemer, T Martijn, De Deyn, Gerlinde B, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Drigo, Barbara, Veen, GF (Ciska), van der Heijden, Marcel GA, Kardol, Paul, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Plant growth, Conservation of Natural Resources, Restoration ecology, productivity, Computer science, Evolution, Plant root traits, Biodiversity conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bridging (programming), Feedback, Soil, crop rotation, Behavior and Systematics, Crop rotation, Climate change, plant root traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Productivity, Plant–soil feedback, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Agriculture, Plan_S-Compliant_NO, Soil Biology, Plants, sustainability, PE&RC, climate change, Conceptual framework, Sustainability, international, biodiversity conservation, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

PSF has been extensively studied in both agricultural and natural systems, with increased activity in recent years, but a framework for integrating the concepts and principles developed in these systems is lacking. Interactions between soil biota and plant leaf and root traits have become an important tool in understanding PSF in wild plants, but this understanding has not yet been utilized in agricultural crop rotations. Soil inoculations with microbial strains are increasingly being used for steering the soil microbiome in agriculture but might also offer a promising method of restoration of degraded systems, and for controlling the spread of invasive species. Increasing evidence shows that PSF can play important roles in mediating ecosystem responses to forecasted climate change and extreme weather events. In agricultural and natural systems researchers have demonstrated large effects of plant–soil feedback (PSF) on plant growth. However, the concepts and approaches used in these two types of systems have developed, for the most part, independently. Here, we present a conceptual framework that integrates knowledge and approaches from these two contrasting systems. We use this integrated framework to demonstrate (i) how knowledge from complex natural systems can be used to increase agricultural resource-use efficiency and productivity and (ii) how research in agricultural systems can be used to test hypotheses and approaches developed in natural systems. Using this framework, we discuss avenues for new research toward an ecologically sustainable and climate-smart future.

Published
2018

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