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1. Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s

Author

MacDougall, Andrew S., Esch, Ellen, Chen, Qingqing, Carroll, Oliver, Bonner, Colin, Ohlert, Timothy, Siewert, Matthias, Sulik, John, Schweiger, Anna K., Borer, Elizabeth T., Naidu, Dilip, Bagchi, Sumanta, Hautier, Yann, Wilfahrt, Peter, Larson, Keith, Olofsson, Johan, Cleland, Elsa, Muthukrishnan, Ranjan, O’Halloran, Lydia, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bruschetti, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., D’Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Elgersma, Kenneth, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Estrada, Catalina, Fay, Philip A., Feng, Yanhao, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hersch-Green, Erika, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laanisto, Lauri, Lannes, Lucíola S., Laungani, Ramesh, Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg, Macek, Petr, Martina, Jason P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Muraina, Taofeek O., Niu, Yujie, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Smith, Nicholas G., Sonnier, Grégory, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle, Tognetti, Pedro, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Waring, Elizabeth, Wolf, Amelia A., Yahdjian, Laura, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2024
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3. Author Correction: Widening global variability in grassland biomass since the 1980s

Author

MacDougall, Andrew S., Esch, Ellen, Chen, Qingqing, Carroll, Oliver, Bonner, Colin, Ohlert, Timothy, Siewert, Matthias, Sulik, John, Schweiger, Anna K., Borer, Elizabeth T., Naidu, Dilip, Bagchi, Sumanta, Hautier, Yann, Wilfahrt, Peter, Larson, Keith, Olofsson, Johan, Cleland, Elsa, Muthukrishnan, Ranjan, O’Halloran, Lydia, Alberti, Juan, Anderson, T. Michael, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Barrio, Isabel C., Biederman, Lori, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bruschetti, Martin, Buckley, Yvonne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., D’Antonio, Carla, Davies, Kendi, Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Christopher R., Donohue, Ian, DuPre, Mary Ellyn, Elgersma, Kenneth, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Estrada, Catalina, Fay, Philip A., Feng, Yanhao, Gruner, Daniel S., Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Harpole, W. Stanley, Hersch-Green, Erika, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes M. H., Laanisto, Lauri, Lannes, Lucíola S., Laungani, Ramesh, Lkhagva, Ariuntsetseg, Macek, Petr, Martina, Jason P., McCulley, Rebecca L., Melbourne, Brett, Mitchell, Rachel, Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Muraina, Taofeek O., Niu, Yujie, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Prober, Suzanne M., Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C., Smith, Nicholas G., Sonnier, Grégory, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly J., Tedder, Michelle, Tognetti, Pedro, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Waring, Elizabeth, Wolf, Amelia A., Yahdjian, Laura, and Seabloom, Eric W.

Published
2024
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5. Coarse woody debris accelerates the decomposition of deadwood inputs across temperate forest

Author

Bradford, Mark A., Veen, G. F. Ciska, Bradford, Ella M., Covey, Kristofer R., Crowther, Thomas W., Fields, Nicholas, Frankson, Paul T., González-Rivero, Javier, Jevon, Fiona V., Kuebbing, Sara E., McBride, Steven, Mohan, Jacqueline E., Oldfield, Emily E., Oliverio, Angela M., Polussa, Alexander, Steinrueck, Corinna, Strickland, Michael S., Ward, Elisabeth B., Wepking, Carl, and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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7. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate

Author

Spohn, Marie, Bagchi, Sumanta, Biederman, Lori A., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bugalho, Miguel N., Caldeira, Maria C., Catford, Jane A., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Knops, Johannes M. H., Koerner, Sally E., Laanisto, Lauri, Lekberg, Ylva, Martina, Jason P., Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L., Peri, Pablo L., Macek, Petr, Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Seabloom, Eric W., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Yahdjian, Laura

Published
2023
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8. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J., Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M., Bakker, Jonathan D., Borer, Elizabeth T., Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S., Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W., Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A., Catford, Jane A., Dickman, Chris R., Dickson, Timothy L., Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S., Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M. H., Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G., Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023
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10. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N., Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M., Brown, Cynthia S., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Prober, Suzanne M., Bakker, Elisabeth S., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc W., Caldeira, Maria C., Dickman, Chris R., Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, Luciola S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Power, Sally A., Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022
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11. Testing ion exchange resin for quantifying bulk and throughfall deposition of macro- and micro-elements in forests.

Author

Vos, Marleen A. E., de Vries, Wim, Veen, G. F., Hoosbeek, Marcel R., and Sterck, Frank J.

Abstract

Atmospheric deposition is a major nutrient influx in ecosystems, while high anthropogenic deposition may disrupt ecosystem functioning. Quantification of the deposition flux is required to understand the impact of such anthropogenic pollution. However, current methods to measure nutrient deposition are costly, labor-intensive and potentially inaccurate. Ion exchange resin (IER) appears to be a promising cost- and labor-effective method. The IER method is potentially suited for deposition measurements on coarse timescales and for areas with little rainfall and/or low elemental concentrations. The accuracy of the IER method is, however, hardly classified beyond nitrogen. We tested the IER method for bulk deposition and throughfall measurements of macro- and micro-elements, assessing resin adsorption capacity, recovery efficiency and field behavior. We show that IER is able to adsorb 100 % of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn and NO 3- and > 96 % of P and Na. Loading the resin beyond its capacity resulted mainly in losses of Na, P and NH 4+ , while losses of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn were hardly detected. Heat (40 °C), drought and frost (-15 °C) reduced the adsorption of P by 25 %. Recovery was close to 100 % for NH 4+ and NO 3- using KCl solution (1 or 2 M), while high (83 %–93 %) recoveries of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and S were found using HCl as an extractant (2–4 M). We found good agreement between the conventional method and the IER method for field conditions. Overall, IER is a powerful tool for the measurement of atmospheric deposition of a broad range of elements as the measurements showed high accuracy. The IER method therefore has the potential to expand current monitoring networks and increase the number of sampling sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Normalized difference vegetation index analysis reveals increase of biomass production and stability during the conversion from conventional to organic farming

Author

Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Veen, G. F., Repeto-Deudero, Irene, Van Rijssel, Sophie Q., Koorneef, Guusje J., Van der Putten, Wim H., Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Veen, G. F., Repeto-Deudero, Irene, Van Rijssel, Sophie Q., Koorneef, Guusje J., and Van der Putten, Wim H.

Abstract

Monitoring agriculture by remote sensing enables large-scale evaluation of biomass production across space and time. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used as a proxy for green biomass. Here, we used satellite-derived NDVI of arable farms in the Netherlands to evaluate changes in biomass following conversion from conventional to organic farming. We compared NDVI and the stability of NDVI across 72 fields on sand and marine clay soils. Thirty-six of these fields had been converted into organic agriculture between 0 and 50 years ago (with 2017 as reference year), while the other 36 were paired control fields where conventional farming continued. We used high-resolution images from the Sentinel-2 satellite to obtain NDVI estimates across 5 years (January 2016–October 2020). Overall, NDVI did not differ between conventional and organic management during the time series, but NDVI stability was significantly higher under organic management. NDVI was lower under organic management in sandy, but not in clay, soils. Organic farms that had been converted less than ~19 years ago had lower NDVI than conventional farms. However, the difference diminished over time and eventually turned positive after ~19 years since the conversion. NDVI, averaged across the 5 years of study, was positively correlated to soil Olsen-P measured from soil samples collected in 2017. We conclude that NDVI in organic fields was more stable than in conventional fields, and that the lower biomass in the early years since the transition to organic agriculture can be overcome with time. Our study also indicates the role of soil P bioavailability for plant biomass production across the examined fields, and the benefit of combining remote sensing with on-site soil measurements to develop a more mechanistic understanding that may help us navigate the transition to a more sustainable type of agriculture.

Published
2024

16. Vertebrate grazing can mitigateimpacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi-natural grassland

Author

Veen, G. F., Vermaat, Annika T., Sitters, Judith, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Veen, G. F., Vermaat, Annika T., Sitters, Judith, and Bakker, Elisabeth S.

Abstract

Human-induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast-growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e. access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e. the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g. hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a

Published
2024

17. Vertebrate grazing can mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi‐natural grassland.

Author

Veen, G. F., Vermaat, Annika T., Sitters, Judith, and Bakker, Elisabeth S.

Subjects
*PLANT fertilization, *PLANT biomass, *INSECT communities, *FLOWERING of plants, *INSECT-plant relationships, *GRASSHOPPERS, *WILD boar
Abstract

Human‐induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast‐growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e. access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e. the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g. hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Normalized difference vegetation index analysis reveals increase of biomass production and stability during the conversion from conventional to organic farming.

Author

Serrano‐Grijalva, Lilia, Ochoa‐Hueso, Raúl, Veen, G. F., Repeto‐Deudero, Irene, Van Rijssel, Sophie Q., Koorneef, Guusje J., and Van der Putten, Wim H.

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL remote sensing, NORMALIZED difference vegetation index, SUSTAINABLE agriculture, ORGANIC farming, AGRICULTURE
Abstract

Monitoring agriculture by remote sensing enables large‐scale evaluation of biomass production across space and time. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used as a proxy for green biomass. Here, we used satellite‐derived NDVI of arable farms in the Netherlands to evaluate changes in biomass following conversion from conventional to organic farming. We compared NDVI and the stability of NDVI across 72 fields on sand and marine clay soils. Thirty‐six of these fields had been converted into organic agriculture between 0 and 50 years ago (with 2017 as reference year), while the other 36 were paired control fields where conventional farming continued. We used high‐resolution images from the Sentinel‐2 satellite to obtain NDVI estimates across 5 years (January 2016–October 2020). Overall, NDVI did not differ between conventional and organic management during the time series, but NDVI stability was significantly higher under organic management. NDVI was lower under organic management in sandy, but not in clay, soils. Organic farms that had been converted less than ~19 years ago had lower NDVI than conventional farms. However, the difference diminished over time and eventually turned positive after ~19 years since the conversion. NDVI, averaged across the 5 years of study, was positively correlated to soil Olsen‐P measured from soil samples collected in 2017. We conclude that NDVI in organic fields was more stable than in conventional fields, and that the lower biomass in the early years since the transition to organic agriculture can be overcome with time. Our study also indicates the role of soil P bioavailability for plant biomass production across the examined fields, and the benefit of combining remote sensing with on‐site soil measurements to develop a more mechanistic understanding that may help us navigate the transition to a more sustainable type of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Testing Ion Exchange Resin for quantifying bulk and throughfall deposition of macro and micro-elements on forests.

Author

Vos, Marleen A. E., Vries, Wim de, Veen, G. F. Ciska, Hoosbeek, Marcel, and Sterck, Frank J.

Subjects
ION exchange resins, ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen, ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature, COPPER, THROUGHFALL, ATMOSPHERIC deposition, ADSORPTION capacity
Abstract

Atmospheric deposition is a major nutrient influx in ecosystems and high anthropogenic deposition may disrupt ecosystem functioning. Quantification of the deposition flux is required to understand the impact of such anthropogenic pollution. However, current methods to measure nutrient deposition are costly, labor intensive and potentially inaccurate. Ion Exchange Resin (IER) appears a promising cost-and labor-effective method. The IER-method is potentially suited for deposition measurements on coarse time scales and for areas with little rainfall and/or low elemental concentrations. The accuracy of the IER-method is, however, hardly classified beyond nitrogen. We tested the IER-method for bulk deposition and throughfall measurements of macro and micro-elements, assessing resin adsorption capacity, recovery efficiency, and field behavior. We show that IER is able to adsorb 100 % of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn and NO3 and >96 % of P and Na. Loading the resin beyond the capacity resulted mainly in losses of Na, P, NH4 while losses of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn were hardly detected. Heat (40 °C), drought and frost (-15 °C) reduced the adsorption of P by 25 %. Recovery was close to 100 % for NH4 and NO3 using KCl (1 or 2M) while high (83–93 %) recoveries of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and S were found using HCl as an extractant (2–4M). We found good agreement between the conventional and the IER-method for field conditions. Overall, IER is a powerful tool for the measurement of atmospheric deposition of a broad range of elements as the measurements showed high accuracy. The IER-method has therefore the potential to expand current monitoring networks and increase the number of sampling sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
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27. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda m., Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda m.

Abstract

Human activities are altering ecological communities around the globe. Understanding the implications of these changes requires that we consider the composition of those communities. However, composition can be summarized by many metrics which in turn are influenced by different ecological processes. For example, incidence-based metrics strongly reflect species gains or losses, while abundance-based metrics are minimally affected by changes in the abundance of small or uncommon species. Furthermore, metrics might be correlated with different predictors. We used a globally distributed experiment to examine variation in species composition within 60 grasslands on six continents. Each site had an identical experimental and sampling design: 24 plots × 4 years. We expressed compositional variation within each site—not across sites—using abundance- and incidence-based metrics of the magnitude of dissimilarity (Bray–Curtis and Sorensen, respectively), abundance- and incidence-based measures of the relative importance of replacement (balanced variation and species turnover, respectively), and species richness at two scales (per plot-year [alpha] and per site [gamma]). Average compositional variation among all plot-years at a site was high and similar to spatial variation among plots in the pretreatment year, but lower among years in untreated plots. For both types of metrics, most variation was due to replacement rather than nestedness. Differences among sites in overall within-site compositional variation were related to several predictors. Environmental heterogeneity (expressed as the CV of total aboveground plant biomass in unfertilized plots of the site) was an important predictor for most metrics. Biomass production was a predictor of species turnover and of alpha diversity but not of other metrics. Continentality (measured as annual temperature range) was a strong predictor of Sorensen dissimilarity. Metrics of compositional variation are moderately correlated: knowin

Published
2023

28. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Hautier, Yann, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Daleo, Pedro, Alberti, Juan, Chaneton, Enrique J, Iribarne, Oscar, Tognetti, Pedro M, Bakker, Jonathan D, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bruschetti, Martín, MacDougall, Andrew S, Pascual, Jesús, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric W, Wang, Shaopeng, Bagchi, Sumanta, Brudvig, Lars A, Catford, Jane A, Dickman, Chris R, Dickson, Timothy L, Donohue, Ian, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gruner, Daniel S, Haider, Sylvia, Jentsch, Anke, Knops, Johannes M H, Lekberg, Ylva, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Mortensen, Brent, Ohlert, Timothy, Pärtel, Meelis, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Rocca, Camila, Smith, Nicholas G, Stevens, Carly, Tamme, Riin, Veen, G F Ciska, Wilfahrt, Peter A, and Hautier, Yann

Published
2023

29. Compositional variation in grassland plant communities

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda m., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Bakker, Jonathan d., Price, Jodi n., Henning, Jeremiah a., Batzer, Evan e., Ohlert, Timothy j., Wainwright, Claire e., Adler, Peter b., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos alberto, Biederman, Lori a., Borer, Elizabeth t., Brudvig, Lars a., Buckley, Yvonne m., Bugalho, Miguel n., Cadotte, Marc w., Caldeira, Maria c., Catford, Jane a., Chen, Qingqing, Crawley, Michael j., Daleo, Pedro, Dickman, Chris r., Donohue, Ian, Dupre, Mary ellyn, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip a., Gruner, Daniel s., Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Kirkman, Kevin, Knops, Johannes m. h., Lannes, Lucíola s., Macdougall, Andrew s., Mcculley, Rebecca l., Mitchell, Rachel m., Moore, Joslin l., Morgan, John w., Mortensen, Brent, Olde venterink, Harry, Peri, Pablo l., Power, Sally a., Prober, Suzanne m., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Seabloom, Eric w., Smith, Melinda d., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, Lauren l., Tedder, Michelle, Veen, G. f. (ciska), Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda m.

Published
2023

30. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Spohn, Marie, Bagchi, Sumanta, Biederman, Lori A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Catford, Jane A, Collins, Scott L, Eisenhauer, Nico, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Knops, Johannes M H, Koerner, Sally E, Laanisto, Lauri, Lekberg, Ylva, Martina, Jason P, Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L, Peri, Pablo L, Macek, Petr, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, Yahdjian, Laura, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Spohn, Marie, Bagchi, Sumanta, Biederman, Lori A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bugalho, Miguel N, Caldeira, Maria C, Catford, Jane A, Collins, Scott L, Eisenhauer, Nico, Hagenah, Nicole, Haider, Sylvia, Hautier, Yann, Knops, Johannes M H, Koerner, Sally E, Laanisto, Lauri, Lekberg, Ylva, Martina, Jason P, Martinson, Holly, McCulley, Rebecca L, Peri, Pablo L, Macek, Petr, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, and Yahdjian, Laura

Published
2023

31. Stoichiometric imbalances between soil microorganisms and their resources regulate litter decomposition

Author

Li, Bing, Li, Yingbin, Fanin, Nicolas, Veen, G. F., Han, Xu, Du, Xiaofang, Li, Yuhui, Sun, Yixin, Li, Qi, Li, Bing, Li, Yingbin, Fanin, Nicolas, Veen, G. F., Han, Xu, Du, Xiaofang, Li, Yuhui, Sun, Yixin, and Li, Qi

Abstract

Litter decomposition is dependent on the requirements of decomposer communities and their ability to acquire energy and nutrients from their substrates (i.e. litter) and the surrounding environment (i.e. soil). However, knowledge about whether and how stoichiometric imbalance (i.e. the differences in C:N:P ratios between microorganisms and their substrates) regulate litter decomposition rates and whether it can be compensated by soil resources have rarely been evaluated, and even less across different decomposition stages over time. In this study, we conducted a reciprocal litter transplantation experiment using a stoichiometric gradient along the forest-steppe ecotone to evaluate mechanisms underlying litter-microbe-soil interactions at different moments during litter breakdown. We measured the C:N:P stoichiometry of litter, soil, microbes, enzyme ratios and soil microbial community composition (via metabarcoding) after 6 and 12 months of litter decomposition. We found that the stoichiometric imbalances between soil microorganisms and litter substrate controlled decomposition rates directly during the early phase of decomposition. In contrast, the stoichiometric imbalances between soil microorganisms and soil substrate regulated decomposition rates during the later phase of decomposition, but this was an indirect effect mediated via shifts in the saprophytic fungal community composition and enzyme allocation. These findings highlight that the stoichiometric imbalance between soil microorganisms and litter substrates can be partly compensated by the local soil resources over the course of the decomposition process. We conclude that the stoichiometric imbalance between soil microorganisms and their resources is a key mechanism that should not be ignored when predicting soil C and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2023

32. Contrasting effects of nitrogen fertiliser application on the performance of closely related grasshoppers through changes in plant nutrient concentrations

Author

Zhu, Yu, Ma, Quanhui, Zhong, Zhiwei, Jiang, Ming, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Harvey, Jeffrey A., Veen, G. F., Chen, Cong, Wang, Deli, Zhu, Yu, Ma, Quanhui, Zhong, Zhiwei, Jiang, Ming, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Harvey, Jeffrey A., Veen, G. F., Chen, Cong, and Wang, Deli

Abstract

Global environmental changes mediated by anthropogenic processes can affect the nutrient status of plants, with important consequences for the performance and dynamics of insect herbivores that feed on them. While it is well documented that insects from different feeding guilds (e.g., sap-feeders and leaf-chewers) can respond differently to altered food resources due to their distinct physiological and ecological characteristics, little is known about how ecologically similar insect species from the same feeding guild respond to changes in food nutrient status. Using nitrogen (N) fertiliser, the authors examined the effects of N inputs on two sympatric grasshopper species, Euchorthippus cheui and E. unicolor, that share the same host food plant, Leymus chinensis grass. The authors examined the effects of fertilisation on the individual feeding behaviour, performance and abundance of the two grasshopper species. The nutrient (protein) content of L. chinensis leaves was enhanced by fertilisation during the entire season. However, E. cheui and E. unicolor exhibited differing growth rates, development and body size responses to fertilisation. E. cheui preferred L. chinensis leaves from high-N fertilised treatments, while E. unicolor preferred leaves from low-N fertilised treatments. Moreover, fertilisation increased the abundance of E. cheui but had no significant effect on the abundance of E. unicolor in the field. The findings imply that effective management and conservation strategies for insects should target the needs of individual species rather than species groups or communities as a whole because nutritional and environmental requirements are often species-specific.

Published
2023
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33. Large mammalian herbivores affect arthropod food webs via changes in vegetation characteristics and microclimate

Author

Zhu, Yu, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Heinen, Robin, Wang, Deli, Jiang, Ming, Jin, Hui, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Zhu, Yu, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Heinen, Robin, Wang, Deli, Jiang, Ming, Jin, Hui, and Bakker, Elisabeth S.

Abstract

Large mammalian herbivores are vital components of terrestrial ecosystems, influencing the plants they feed on, but also serving as ecosystem engineers that impact the occurrence and survival of many other organisms. Arthropods are the most abundant and diverse animal group on earth, filling all trophic levels in food webs and facilitating essential ecosystem services. However, the impacts of large herbivores on arthropod communities and the mechanisms via which these impacts are mediated are not fully understood. Here, we experimentally separated the mechanistic pathways whereby large herbivores affect arthropod food webs using a 24-year manipulative multi-site field experiment in the Netherlands. We analysed the abundance, biomass and community composition of arthropods in the plant canopy and on the soil surface, both in grazed sites or sites where large herbivores were excluded. We found that the presence of large herbivores resulted in considerable differences in vegetation properties and microclimate which influenced the abundance and biomass of arthropods to varying trophic levels. Large herbivore grazing enhanced the overall abundance and biomass of arthropod herbivores, pollinators, omnivores and soil-dwelling predators, but reduced that of detritivores, scavengers, parasitoids and canopy predators. Structural equation models revealed that different trophic groups are affected by grazing via different pathways. Specially, large herbivores facilitated herbivores via increasing plant quality and enhanced ground-dwelling predators via increasing plant diversity. In contrast, plant-dwelling predators were suppressed via decreased plant quantity, and parasitoids were mainly affected by changes in microclimate conditions. Synthesis. Our results show that large mammalian herbivores play a significant role in shaping grassland arthropod food webs, and that these impacts were independently mediated by multiple aspects of vegetation properties, that is

Published
2023

34. Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests

Author

Oliva, Rebeca Leme, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto, Oliva, Rebeca Leme, Veen, G. F. (Ciska), and Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto

Abstract

Decomposition is a key process driving carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been found to accelerate decomposition rates when litter originates from “home” when compared to other (“away”) sites. It is still poorly known how HFA plays out in tropical, riparian forests, particularly in forests under restoration. We carried out three independent reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test how litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations, and successional stage (age) influenced HFA in tropical riparian forests. These experimental areas formed a wide gradient of soil and litter nutrients, which we used to evaluate the more general hypothesis that HFA varies with dissimilarity in soil nutrients and litter quality. We found that HFA increased with soil nutrient dissimilarity, suggesting that litter translocation uncouples relationships between decomposers and litter characteristics; and with litter N:P, indicating P limitation in this system. We also found negative HFA effects at a site under restoration that presented low decomposer ability, suggesting that forest restoration does not necessarily recover decomposer communities and nutrient cycling. Within each of the independent experiments, the occurrence of HFA effects was limited and their magnitude was not related to forest age, nor soil and litter quality. Our results imply that HFA effects in tropical ecosystems are influenced by litter nutrient limitation and soil nutrient dissimilarity between home and away sites, but to further disentangle major HFA drivers in tropical areas, a gradient of dissimilarity between litter and soil properties must be implemented in future experimental designs.

Published
2023

35. Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities

Author

Li, Keli, Veen, G. F., ten Hooven, Freddy C., Harvey, Jeffrey A., van der Putten, Wim H., Li, Keli, Veen, G. F., ten Hooven, Freddy C., Harvey, Jeffrey A., and van der Putten, Wim H.

Abstract

Soils contain biotic and abiotic legacies of previous conditions that may influence plant community biomass and associated aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the relative strengths and interactions of the various belowground legacies on aboveground plant–insect interactions. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the belowground legacy effects of range-expanding versus native plants, extreme drought and their interactions on plants, aphids and pollinators. We show that plant biomass was influenced more strongly by the previous plant community than by the previous summer drought. Plant communities consisted of four congeneric pairs of natives and range expanders, and their responses were not unanimous. Legacy effects affected the abundance of aphids more strongly than pollinators. We conclude that legacies can be contained as soil ‘memories’ that influence aboveground plant community interactions in the next growing season. These soil-borne ‘memories’ can be altered by climate warming-induced plant range shifts and extreme drought.

Published
2023

39. A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition

Author

Bradford, Mark A., Veen, G. F. (Ciska), Bonis, Anne, Bradford, Ella M., Classen, Aimee T., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Crowther, Thomas. W., De Long, Jonathan R., Freschet, Gregoire T., Kardol, Paul, Manrubia-Freixa, Marta, Maynard, Daniel S., Newman, Gregory S., Logtestijn, Richard S. P., Viketoft, Maria, Wardle, David A., Wieder, William R., Wood, Stephen A., and van der Putten, Wim H.

Published
2017
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45. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author

Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Conservation Ecology Group, Animal Ecology, Systems Ecology, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)

Subjects
Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Temperature, Isoptera, Forests, Wood, Global Warming, Carbon Cycle, Tròpics--Clima, Explotació forestal, Cicle del carboni, Animals, Wood/microbiology, General
Abstract

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface. This study received support from the following sources: US National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB-1655759 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-2149151 (A.E.Z.); US NSF DEB-1713502 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1713435 (M.A.); US NSF DEB-1647502 (N.A.B.); US NSF DEB-1546686 (G.G.); US NSF DEB-1831952 (G.G.); George Washington University (A.E.Z.); USDA Forest Service (G.G.); Centre College Faculty Development Funds (M.L.G.); Australia Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (P.R.G., M.K., M.L., M.M.B., R.P.S., J.S., L.B.H., M.N., S.M.P., T.J.W., and S.K.A.); Royal Society-FCDO Africa Capacity Building Initiative (C.L.P., G.W.Q., S.A.-B., K.B., F.E.O., and M.P.R.); New Phytologist Foundation (A.T.A.); Fondecyt grant 1160329 (C.D.); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES) (E.v.d.B., A.S.Mou., R.F.M., F.F.S., T.M.C.-S., R.S.O., and A.M.D.); Department of Ecology and Conservation of the Federal University of Lavras (T.M.C.-S.); CNPq (E.v.d.B. and R.S.O.); FAPEMIG (E.v.d.B.); Australian Academy of Science 2017 Thomas Davies Research Grant (J.R.P.); Australian Research Council DP160103765 (W.K.C., J.R.P., and A.E.Z.); UK National Environment Research Council NE/L000016/1 (L.A.A.); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil NERC - FAPESP 19/07773-1 (R.S.O. and A.M.D.); Environment Research and Technology Development Fund ERTDF, JPMEERF15S11420 of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (A.S.Mor. and K.O.); COLCIENCIAS no. FP44842-046-2017 (J.M.P.); Spanish government PID2019-110521GB-I00 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Catalan government grant SGR 2017-1005 (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); Fundación Ramón Areces ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE (J.Pe., G.P., and R.O.); National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation, Scientific and Technological Research Project 2018-01561 PICT 2018-01561 (F.P.T.); ANID PIA/BASAL FB210006 (A.Fa.); Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050 (A.Fa.); iDiv German Research Foundation DFG–FZT 118, 202548816 (N.E.); and European Research Council Horizon 2020 research and innovation program no. 677232 (N.E.).

Published
2022
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48. Linking changes in species composition and biomass in a globally distributed grassland experiment

Author

Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A, Chase, Jonathan M, Clark, Adam T, Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Barrio, Isabel C, Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc W, Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L, Dickman, Christopher R, Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Wilfahrt, Peter A, Harpole, W Stanley, Ladouceur, Emma, Blowes, Shane A, Chase, Jonathan M, Clark, Adam T, Garbowski, Magda, Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Barrio, Isabel C, Bharath, Siddharth, Borer, Elizabeth T, Brudvig, Lars A, Cadotte, Marc W, Chen, Qingqing, Collins, Scott L, Dickman, Christopher R, Donohue, Ian, Du, Guozhen, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fay, Philip A, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Jentsch, Anke, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Komatsu, Kimberly, MacDougall, Andrew, Martina, Jason P, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Peri, Pablo L, Power, Sally A, Ren, Zhengwei, Risch, Anita C, Roscher, Christiane, Schuchardt, Max A, Seabloom, Eric W, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F Ciska, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Wilfahrt, Peter A, and Harpole, W Stanley

Abstract

Global change drivers, such as anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are increasing globally. Nutrient deposition simultaneously alters plant biodiversity, species composition and ecosystem processes like aboveground biomass production. These changes are underpinned by species extinction, colonisation and shifting relative abundance. Here, we use the Price equation to quantify and link the contributions of species that are lost, gained or that persist to change in aboveground biomass in 59 experimental grassland sites. Under ambient (control) conditions, compositional and biomass turnover was high, and losses (i.e. local extinctions) were balanced by gains (i.e. colonisation). Under fertilisation, the decline in species richness resulted from increased species loss and decreases in species gained. Biomass increase under fertilisation resulted mostly from species that persist and to a lesser extent from species gained. Drivers of ecological change can interact relatively independently with diversity, composition and ecosystem processes and functions such as aboveground biomass due to the individual contributions of species lost, gained or persisting.

Published
2022

49. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M, Price, Jodi N, Sitters, Judith, Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, Pedro M, Brown, Cynthia S, Seabloom, Eric W, Borer, Elizabeth T, Prober, Suzanne M, Bakker, Elisabeth S, MacDougall, Andrew S, Yahdjian, Laura, Gruner, Daniel S, Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C, Graff, Pamela, Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, Carlos Alberto, Bakker, Jonathan D, Blumenthal, Dana M, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Brudvig, Lars A, Bugalho, Miguel N, Cadotte, Marc W, Caldeira, Maria C, Dickman, Chris R, Donohue, Ian, Grégory, Sonnier, Hautier, Yann, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Lannes, Luciola S, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Power, Sally A, Risch, Anita C, Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel, Stevens, Carly J, Veen, G F, Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M

Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species' evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world's grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

50. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M D, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N S, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M, Exton, Dan A, Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Higgens, Rebecca Finger, Forte, T'ai G W, Freeman, Erika C, Frei, Esther R, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, García, María B, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H, Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V, Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, 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Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S, Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T, Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A, Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M, Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I, Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I, Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J R, Michaletz, Sean T, Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R, Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B, Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D, Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H, Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V, Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, 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Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V, Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P, Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L L, Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James D M, Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G, Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J D, Thomas, Andrew D, Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A, Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V, Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G F, Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E, Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G A, Villar, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, von Oppen, Jonathan, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G, Wedegärtner, Ronja E M, Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I, Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

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