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Abstract Background Cerebellar degeneration-related (CDR) proteins are associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) – a rare, neurodegenerative disease caused by tumour-induced autoimmunity against neural antigens resulting in degeneration of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The pathogenesis of PCD is unknown, in large part due to our limited understanding of the functions of CDR proteins. To this end, we performed an extensive, multi-omics analysis of CDR-knockout cells focusing on the CDR2L protein, to gain a deeper understanding of the properties of the CDR proteins in ovarian cancer. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines lacking either CDR1, CDR2, or CDR2L were analysed using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to assess changes to the transcriptome, proteome and secretome in the absence of these proteins. Results For each knockout cell line, we identified sets of differentially expressed genes and proteins. CDR2L-knockout cells displayed a distinct expression profile compared to CDR1- and CDR2-knockout cells. Knockout of CDR2L caused dysregulation of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, protein translation, and cell cycle progression, ultimately causing impaired cell proliferation in vitro. Several of these genes showed a concurrent upregulation at the transcript level and downregulation at the protein level. Conclusions Our study provides the first integrative multi-omics analysis of the impact of knockout of the CDR genes, providing both new insights into the biological properties of the CDR proteins in ovarian cancer, and a valuable resource for future investigations into the CDR proteins.

The Jurassic relict Royal fern, Osmunda regalis L., is widely distributed across temperate zones in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Even though this species has been utilised for centuries as a medicinal plant, its phytochemical composition mainly remains unknown. As part of our ongoing research to identify potential lead compounds for future anticancer drugs, 17 natural products were characterised from the aerial parts of Osmunda regalis L. Fifteen of these compounds were identified in this species for the first time, including the six previously undescribed compounds kaempferol 3-O-(2’’-O-(2’’’-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-(2’’-O-(2’’’-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2’’-O-(2’’’-α-rhamnopyranosyl-6’’’-O-(E)-caffeoyl-)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, 3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4-olide, 4-hydroxy-3-(3’-hydroxy-4’-(hydroxyethyl)-oxotetrafuranone-5-methyl tetrahydropyranone, and 4-O-(5-hydroxy-4-oxohexanoyl) osmundalactone. The molecular structures were determined by combining several 1D and 2D NMR experiments, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and HRMS. Determination of cytotoxicity against AML MOLM-13, H9c2, and NRK cell lines showed that two isolated lactones exhibited significant cytotoxic activity.

This article explores school-home collaboration as a pedagogical phenomenon and contributes to a rationale for collaboration between school and parents in upper secondary education. The theory of practice architectures is used as an analytical lens. It sheds light on arrangements that enable or constrain the semantic, social, and physical spaces where students, parents, and teachers encounter each other as collaborative partners. Six upper secondary schools participated in the study; the dialogue café method was used to facilitate conversations between stakeholders to explore and verify this phenomenon. The study revealed three key aspects that require attention when developing collaborative practices: (1) clarification of the teaching profession's obligations; (2) engaging and empowering students' agency; and (3) moving beyond a fire-fighting approach. In addition, the need for further research to operationalise the safeguarding of students' and parents' rights, and support for students' agency, in the context of school-home collaboration.

Bakgrunn: Norske kommuner er pålagt å tilby koordinator for å sikre kontinuitet og samhandling i oppfølging av familier med barn som har behov for langvarige og koordinerte velferdstjenester. I artikkelen utforsker vi koordinatorens rolle og handlingsrom til å mobilisere nødvendige ressurser for familien. Vi diskuterer koordinatorordningens sosiale bærekraft ved å rette oppmerksomheten mot koordinatorenes muligheter for å legge til rette for helhetlig og sammenhengende bistand til familier med funksjonshemmede barn. Metode: Artikkelen er basert på 18 individuelle intervjuer og fire gruppeintervjuer med kommunale koordinatorer. I alt har vi intervjuet 34 koordinatorer i seks norske kommuner. Funn: Analysene framhever aspekter ved koordinatorrollen som oppleves som utfordrende. Disse er rolleforståelse, ressurstilgang, stillingsstørrelse og profesjonsbakgrunn. Konklusjon: I lys av ideen om sosial bærekraft har vi identifisert utfordringer mot ordningens mulighet til å sikre likeverdig og rettferdig tilgang til tjenester. Koordinatorer står i et spenn mellom store krav og få ressurser. Koordinatorenes beretninger viser at de strekker seg langt for å tilby familiene hjelp. Funnene understreker et behov for å prioritere denne ordningen økonomisk og organisatorisk, slik at koordinatorene bedre er i stand til å ivareta familienes behov og samordne tjenester etter hensikten.

I denne artikkelen utforsker vi erfaringer med skole–hjem-samarbeid i videregående skole. Vi inviterte 113 tidligere videregåendeskoleelever til å delta i dialogkaféer for å belyse skole–hjem-samarbeid som pedagogisk praksis i videregående skole. Resultatene avdekket en ambivalens i opplevelsen av skole–hjem-samarbeid, der elevene uttrykker at de ønsker å være selvstendige samtidig som de har behov for nærværende og støttende foreldre. Fundert i samtalene mellom deltakerne drøfter vi en todelt elevposisjon i trepartssamarbeidet mellom foreldre, lærere og elever; der elevene har både en objekt- og subjektposisjon i samarbeidet. Resultatene viser at foreldre oppleves som viktige støttespillere for de fleste elevene, men også at skole–hjem-samarbeid er en personlig og følelsesladet praksis for mange. De positive følelsene bidrar til å forsterke elevenes motivasjon, skolearbeid og håndtering av utfordringer. Det var likevel de ubehagelige følelsene knyttet til samarbeidet som synes å dominere, og som fører til at skole–hjem-samarbeid oppleves som krevende for mange elever i videregående skole. For å drøfte resultatene har vi anvendt pedagogiskfilosofisk teori om elevenes dannings- og utdanningsprosess og pedagogisk-psykologisk teori om elevenes behov for autonomistøtte. Vi argumenterer for å begrunne skole–hjemsamarbeid i videregående skole som samarbeidende autonomistøtte i elevenes dannings- og utdanningsprosess, og for å styrke elevenes subjektposisjon i dette samarbeidet. ENGLISH ABSTRACT School-home collaboration in upper secondary school: autonomy-support in the students’ Bildung and education process In this article, we explore experiences with school–home collaboration in upper secondary schools. We invited 113 former upper secondary school students to a dialogue café to illuminate school–home collaboration as practice in upper secondary schools. The results revealed an ambivalence in the experience of school–home collaboration, where students express that they want to be independent while at the same time needing present and supportive parents. Based on the conversations between the participants, we discuss a dual student position in the tripartite collaboration that occurs between parents, teachers, and students; in that the students have both an object and subject position in the collaboration. The results conveyed that parents are experienced as important supporters for most students, but also that school–home collaboration is a personal and emotionally charged practice for many students. The positive feelings that occur help to strengthen the students’ motivation, schoolwork, and handling of challenges. It was nevertheless the unpleasant feelings connected to the collaboration that dominated the conversations and contribute to the fact that such collaboration is challenging for many students. To discuss the results, we have used pedagogical-philosophical theory about the students’ Bildung process and pedagogical-psychological theory about the students’ need for autonomy support. We argue for strengthening school–home collaboration in upper secondary schools as collaborative autonomy-support in the students’ Bildung and education process, and to strengthen the students’ subject position in this collaboration.

BackgroundDurvalumab is an immune checkpoint Inhibitor (ICIs) that is used in the treatment of malignant tumors, such as lung cancer and melanoma. ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events including autoimmune encephalitis, although both paraneoplastic phenomena and ICI treatment may lead to autoimmunity.Case presentationWe describe a 72-year old male patient with small-cell lung cancer, who during adjuvant treatment with Durvalumab developed GABABR1 and GAD65 antibodies and both diabetes and autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Because he was followed prospectively as part of a treatment study, we had access to repeated serum samples and cognitive assessments over time prior to developing encephalitis and diabetes, in addition to later assessments. A high titer of GABABR1 antibodies appeared early, while GAD65 antibodies appeared later with a lower titer in parallel with the development of diabetes. As he subsequently developed clinical signs of encephalitis, verified by EEG and brain MRI, he also had CSF GABABR1 antibodies. Durvalumab was discontinued and steroid treatment with subsequent plasmapheresis were started, resulting in reduction of both CSF and serum antibody levels. Clinical signs of encephalitis gradually improved.ConclusionThis case illustrates the importance of being aware of possible serious autoimmune adverse reactions, including neurological syndromes such as encephalitis, when treating patients with high risk of para-neoplasia with ICIs. In addition, the case shows the development of autoantibodies over time.

ObjectivesAutoantibodies to the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (Lgi1) are associated with autoimmune encephalitis. We described an acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-positive patient with myasthenia gravis who developed limbic encephalitis with antibodies to AMPAR and Lgi1.MethodsA single-case report with detailed, prospective clinical and biomarker data including serial laboratory testing and histopathology.ResultsA 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with anti-AChR antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis in 1983. After 9 months of the removal of thymoma in 1984, she developed influenza-like symptoms and then symptoms of limbic encephalitis. Retrospective analysis of serum showed high concentrations of anti-AMPAR and lower concentrations of anti-Lgi1 antibodies. Cerebral CT was normal, EEG showed bifrontal dysrhythmia, and CSF showed mild pleocytosis. Immuno-histochemical examination of the thymoma confirmed staining for Glur2, a subunit of AMPAR. The patient recovered with mild sequelae, but low levels of anti-AMPAR and anti-Lgi1 antibodies were detectable for over 25 years subsequently.DiscussionThis case confirms earlier reports of AMPAR-associated autoimmune encephalitis co-occurring with thymoma and myasthenia gravis and is unique in its observational length. It shows, moreover, that antibodies to AMPAR and Lgi1 can persist despite clinical recovery.

Purpose: In sprint biathlon, a J-shaped pacing pattern is commonly used. We investigated whether biathletes with a fast-start pacing pattern increase time-trial skiing and shooting performance by pacing more evenly. Methods: Thirty-eight highly trained biathletes (∼21 y, 27 men) performed an individual 7.5 (3 × 2.5 km for women) or 10-km (3 × 3.3 km for men) time trial on roller skis with a self-selected pacing strategy (day 1). Prone (after lap 1) and standing shooting (after lap 2) stages were performed using paper targets. Based on their pacing strategy in the first time trial (ratio between the initial ∼800-m segment pace on lap 1 and average ∼800-m segment pace on laps 1–3), participants were divided into an intervention group with the fastest starting pace (INT, n = 20) or a control group with a more conservative starting pace (CON, n = 18). On day 2, INT was instructed to reduce their starting pace, while CON was instructed to maintain their day 1 strategy. Results: INT increased their overall time-trial performance more than CON from day 1 to day 2 (mean ± 95% CI; 1.5% ± 0.7% vs 0.0% ± 0.9%, P =.02). From day 1 to day 2, INT reduced their starting pace (5.0% ± 1.5%, P <.01), with reduced ratings of perceived exertion during lap 1 (P <.05). For CON, no change was found for starting pace (−0.8% ± 1.2%) or ratings of perceived exertion between days. No differences were found for shooting performance for either group. Conclusion: Highly trained biathletes with a pronounced fast-start pattern improve skiing performance without any change in shooting performance by pacing more evenly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gjennom inkluderingsdugnaden fikk traineeprogrammet fornyet oppmerksomhet. Hensikten med programmet er å tilby funksjonshemmede med tilretteleggingsbehov og høyere utdanning en midlertidig stilling der de får arbeidserfaring, samtidig som arbeidsgivere får erfaring med funksjonshemmede arbeidstakere. I artikkelen benytter vi observasjonsdata fra jobbintervjuer til en statlig traineestilling for å belyse hvordan dialogen mellom en arbeidsgiver og funksjonshemmede jobbsøkere utvikler seg rundt temaer som kompetanse og tilretteleggingsbehov. Vi retter oppmerksomheten mot hvordan arbeidsgiveren uttrykker forståelser av inkludering og tilrettelegging for denne gruppen arbeidssøkende. Vi benytter begrepet annengjøring (othering) som et analytisk begrep for å belyse hvordan utformingen av traineestillingen, strukturen i jobbintervjuet og arbeidsgiverens kunnskapsgrunnlag kan bidra til å opprettholde et skille mellom «oss» og «dem». Funnene drøftes i lys av hvordan strukturelle forhold, som lover og formelle krav, og en forståelse av funksjonshemming som en individuell egenskap og begrensning bidrar til annengjøring av funksjonshemmede jobbsøkere i intervjusituasjonen.

Introduction: The regulation of intracellular functions in mammalian cells involves close coordination of cellular processes. During recent years it has become evident that the sorting, trafficking and distribution of transport vesicles and mRNA granules/complexes are closely coordinated to ensure effective simultaneous handling of all components required for a specific function, thereby minimizing the use of cellular energy. Identification of proteins acting at the crossroads of such coordinated transport events will ultimately provide mechanistic details of the processes. Annexins are multifunctional proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes associated with Ca2+-regulation and lipid binding, linked to the operation of both the endocytic and exocytic pathways. Furthermore, certain Annexins have been implicated in the regulation of mRNA transport and translation. Since Annexin A2 binds specific mRNAs via its core structure and is also present in mRNP complexes, we speculated whether direct association with RNA could be a common property of the mammalian Annexin family sharing a highly similar core structure.Methods and results: Therefore, we performed spot blot and UV-crosslinking experiments to assess the mRNA binding abilities of the different Annexins, using annexin A2 and c-myc 3′UTRs as well as c-myc 5′UTR as baits. We supplemented the data with immunoblot detection of selected Annexins in mRNP complexes derived from the neuroendocrine rat PC12 cells. Furthermore, biolayer interferometry was used to determine the KD of selected Annexin-RNA interactions, which indicated distinct affinities. Amongst these Annexins, Annexin A13 and the core structures of Annexin A7, Annexin A11 bind c-myc 3′UTR with KDs in the nanomolar range. Of the selected Annexins, only Annexin A2 binds the c-myc 5′UTR indicating some selectivity.Discussion: The oldest members of the mammalian Annexin family share the ability to associate with RNA, suggesting that RNA-binding is an ancient trait of this protein family. Thus, the combined RNA- and lipid-binding properties of the Annexins make them attractive candidates to participate in coordinated long-distance transport of membrane vesicles and mRNAs regulated by Ca2+. The present screening results can thus pave the way for studies of the multifunctional Annexins in a novel cellular context.

Målet med denne artikkelen er å utforske om det finnes et regionalt særuttrykk i unges klimaengasjement. Utgangspunktet er studien «A world worth living in» hvor vi undersøker hva det vil si å leve et godt liv i Arktis. Vi spør hvordan ungdom i nord forstår hva det vil si å leve bærekraftig, og om denne forståelsen innebærer en form for opposisjon. Datamaterialet er fire dialogkaféer om temaet ungdomsliv i nord, gjennomført på et studiested i Nord-Norge. Rammeverket for analysen er teorier om sted og begrepene talehandlinger og tidsrebeller. Analyser av gruppesamtalene viser at deltakerne opponerer mot et rådende perspektiv på bærekraft som de oppfatter at favoriserer folk i urbane strøk, skaper sosiale ulikheter, fungerer ekskluderende og er elitistiske. Med metaforen det blå skiftet beskriver vi hvordan fortellingene om det perifere, kalde, rene og mørke nord kan supplere debatten om hvordan leve bærekraftige liv. I denne metaforen inngår ideen om periferi som det ekte, aktive og rettferdige. Analysen viser betydningen av at bærekraftige liv må være tilgjengelig for alle, uansett bosted og tilgang på ressurser.

To level the playing field in employment, the Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities require state parties to ensure the provision of reasonable accommodation in the workplace. The international literature shows that barriers to workplace accommodation (WA) provision arise during recruitment, hiring, and retention. In this paper, we complement prior research by examining how WA is represented in policy documents targeting disability and employment in Norway over the past 50 years. Bacchi’s policy analysis framework inspired the analysis and discussion. The analysis reveals a pattern over three time periods: 1) segregation, including the state applying a holistic approach and responsibility for WA; 2) integration, including an activation approach stimulating employer responsibility; and 3) inclusion, including holding employers more responsible. The results lead us to ask whether too much financial responsibility and work-inclusion efforts to increase employment among disabled people are currently left up to employers.

Introduction: Annexin A2 (AnxA2) plays a critical role in cell transformation, immune response, and resistance to cancer therapy. Besides functioning as a calcium- and lipidbinding protein, AnxA2 also acts as an mRNA-binding protein, for instance, by interacting with regulatory regions of specific cytoskeleton-associated mRNAs.Methods and Results: Nanomolar concentrations of FL3, an inhibitor of the translation factor eIF4A, transiently increases the expression of AnxA2 in PC12 cells and stimulates shortterm transcription/translation of anxA2 mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. AnxA2 regulates the translation of its cognate mRNA by a feed-back mechanism, which can partly be relieved by FL3. Results obtained using the holdup chromatographic retention assay results suggest that AnxA2 interacts transiently with eIF4E (possibly eIF4G) and PABP in an RNA-independent manner while cap pulldown experiments indicate a more stable RNA-dependent interaction. Short-term (2 h) treatment of PC12 cells with FL3 increases the amount of eIF4A in cap pulldown complexes of total lysates, but not of the cytoskeletal fraction. AnxA2 is only present in cap analogue-purified initiation complexes from the cytoskeletal fraction and not total lysates confirming that AnxA2 binds to a specific subpopulation of mRNAs.Discussion: Thus, AnxA2 interacts with PABP1 and subunits of the initiation complex eIF4F, explaining its inhibitory effect on translation by preventing the formation of the full eIF4F complex. This interaction appears to be modulated by FL3. These novel findings shed light on the regulation of translation by AnxA2 and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of eIF4A inhibitors.

This article explores how current legislation addresses adolescents' need for support in upper secondary school through school-home collaboration and introduces the framework of collaborative autonomy-support as the pivotal approach for analyses. Self-determination theory is used to describe adolescents' need for competence, relatedness and autonomy. The study involved a document analysis in which Norwegian legislation was deconstructed through the lens of pedagogy in order to consider how legislative enactment challenges professional educational practices. The study uncovered three tensions in the legislation: the adolescents' self-determination versus parental obligations, parents' lack of formal representation in upper secondary school, and different directions in language used about parents in school. The article illuminates how legislation promotes adolescents' autonomy, intrinsic motivation and volitional functioning.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary neuromuscular disease primarily affecting the nerves in the feet. Physical activity is reduced in persons with CMT due to several symptoms that impair gait and balance. This paper, which is based on the authors’ experience from the clinical field and an unsystematic selection from the literature, presents how CMT symptoms affect physical activity, the effects of exercise and physical activity, and recommendations for physiotherapists working with CMT patients. The research evidence in physical activity for people with CMT is sparse. However, low to moderate aerobic exercise and strength training are safe and can be recommended. Individualization is important to meet each patients’ specific needs, and should be managed together with a physiotherapist. Enjoyable and social activities in the outdoors can also be excellent arenas for physical activity, and there are several available activity aids, arrangements and organizations that can contribute to an active lifestyle for people with CMT.

The Jurassic relict Royal fern, Osmunda regalis L., is widely distributed across temperate zones in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Even though this species has been utilised for centuries as a medicinal plant, its phytochemical composition mainly remains unknown. As part of our ongoing research to identify potential lead compounds for future anticancer drugs, 17 natural products were characterised from the aerial parts of Osmunda regalis L. Fifteen of these compounds were identified in this species for the first time, including the six previously undescribed compounds kaempferol 3-O-(2"-O-(2"'-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-(2"-O-(2"'-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-(2"-O-(2"'-α-rhamnopyranosyl-6"'-O-(E)-caffeoyl-)-β-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside, 3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4-olide, 4-hydroxy-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-(hydroxyethyl)-oxotetrafuranone-5-methyl tetrahydropyranone, and 4-O-(5-hydroxy-4-oxohexanoyl) osmundalactone. The molecular structures were determined by combining several 1D and 2D NMR experiments, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and HRMS. Determination of cytotoxicity against AML MOLM-13, H9c2, and NRK cell lines showed that two isolated lactones exhibited significant cytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the conditions under which learning and innovation occur within nursing homes by focusing on how the dynamics of the distribution and transformation of ideas and knowledge may be viewed as a prerequisite for innovation in both formal, planned learning situations and informal, everyday practices. Design/methodology/approach: Data was produced via fieldwork, which included participant observations, conversations and research interviews with staff and managers at a Norwegian nursing home. The paper is inspired by situated learning theories and communities of practice, as the social context emerges as the site where learning and innovation are cultivated. Findings: The nursing home sustains learning at the centre of its enterprise through managers' and staff's participation in planned learning situations and thereby highlights a focus on learning in their everyday practices. The conditions for the interplay between planned learning situations and everyday learning workplace practices are identified as the effort to create a joint enterprise and reflexive practices. Social implications: The Global North is ageing. Consequently, there is an increasing need for facilities and adequately trained professionals to support an ageing population. Addressing these challenges will require an increased focus on developing supportive learning environments and furthering our knowledge about the interconnections between learning processes and innovation. Originality/value: This paper contributes knowledge regarding nursing homes as professionally exciting places to work alongside conditions that allow for learning and innovation to be cultivated and thereby increase the quality of elderly healthcare services provided.

Encephalitis due to antibodies targeting dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX), a potassium channel subunit, is rare. The illness is typically characterized by a triad of weight loss, CNS hyperexcitability and cognitive symptoms, but recent reports suggest that the clinical picture may be more heterogeneous. Here, we describe the case of a 63-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with severe extremity pain, which had been preceded by diarrhea and weight loss. She later developed cognitive changes, and her general condition rapidly deteriorated. Extensive workup did not reveal gastrointestinal illness or underlying malignancies. MRI of the brain was normal. Analyses of blood and cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell counts but high titres of DPPX antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by rituximab. At 1-year follow-up, she was without pain and had completely recovered. In this case, DPPX-associated autoimmune encephalitis was dominated by severe extremity pain, illustrating that sensory symptoms may be one of the main complaints in these patients. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the heterogeneous clinical picture in this serious condition, since correct diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants are associated with favorable prognosis.

The grave from Gokstad in Norway, dating to ca 900 AD, is one of the best-preserved Viking Age ship graves in the world. The grave mound contained a variety of goods along with human remains, buried in a Viking ship. Several textiles, including embroideries and shreds of what might have been the ship’s tent, were also found. The colors of the textile fragments are now severely faded, but the high quality of the embroidery made of gold and silk threads is still apparent. The style of the embroidery is exceptional, having no equivalents in other Scandinavian graves. The analyses by HPLC coupled with both diode array and mass spectrometric detectors revealed that the striped “tent” cloth as well as the silk thread used for the embroidery were originally dyed with anthraquinones of plant origin (alizarin, purpurin, pseudopurpurin, and anthragallol), markers of madder-type dyestuffs.

An intriguing combination of tapestry weave, legend and myth arose in Gudbrandsdalen in the 17th century. The legend about the conjoined twin master weavers is still living as a local story, and is now being conveyed to an international audience through novels written by Lars Mytting. The legend is tightly connected to a distinct form of tapestry weave, depicting biblical stories and narratives rooted in medieval poetry. The traditional interaction between visual and oral storytelling might be an important key to understanding the textiles. Visual stories told through tapestries have a long tradition in Norway, traceable from the 9th century tapestries from the Oseberg Viking ship grave onto the tapestries from Gudbrandsdalen. The legends about the extraordinary weavers that created tapestries in Gudbrandsdalen provide an extra dimension, linking the idea of conjoined twins as creatures of paradox with the pre-Christian tradition of natural signs that had to be de-coded.

Evidence reveals that disabled people face discrimination during the hiring process. Nonetheless, knowledge is scarce about how employers and disabled applicants relate to the phenomenon of disability in job interviews. This article explores the understandings of disability emerging from actual job interviews for a company with an expressed diversity policy. By combining the analytical concepts of 'dialogism' and 'staring', the article illustrates the tendency to use an individualised understanding of disability, thus blocking affirmative understanding and the candidates' limited agency to perform the role of 'staree' in the job interview setting (i.e. advocating for disability as an asset). To facilitate more inclusive hiring practices, employers could explicitly link the diversity statements in their job listings to their inclusion policies in practice to show their concern about staff diversity and work-life inclusion to their candidates. Disabled people are known to face discrimination during the job hiring process. This article shows that even inclusive employers may use a person-deficit approach when talking to disabled applicants in a job interview. Educators and employment service providers should educate employers on the different understandings that exist about disability to foster inclusive dialogues and work environments. Educators and social workers should support disabled job seekers, as they strive to achieve self-awareness and build self-advocacy skills, which would enable them to inform potential employers about the assets of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease.

Abstract Objective Identify the subcellular location and potential binding partners of two cerebellar degeneration‐related proteins, CDR2L and CDR2, associated with anti‐Yo‐mediated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Methods Cancer cells, rat Purkinje neuron cultures, and human cerebellar sections were exposed to cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with Yo antibodies and with several antibodies against CDR2L and CDR2. We used mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, super‐resolution microscopy, proximity ligation assay, and co‐immunoprecipitation to verify the antibodies and to identify potential binding partners. Results We confirmed the CDR2L specificity of Yo antibodies by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and found that CDR2L localized to the cytoplasm and CDR2 to the nucleus. CDR2L co‐localized with the 40S ribosomal protein S6, while CDR2 co‐localized with the nuclear speckle proteins SON, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A‐III, and serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 2. Interpretation We showed that Yo antibodies specifically bind to CDR2L in Purkinje neurons of PCD patients where they potentially interfere with the function of the ribosomal machinery resulting in disrupted mRNA translation and/or protein synthesis. Our findings demonstrating that CDR2L interacts with ribosomal proteins and CDR2 with nuclear speckle proteins is an important step toward understanding PCD pathogenesis.

A woman with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). 65 days after the transplantation, she developed fatigue and central neurological symptoms. Clinical workup including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed findings suspicious for limbic encephalitis (LE), successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and intravenous corticosteroids. Although a rare complication after allo-HSCT, physicians should be aware of neurological symptoms that develop throughout the transplantation course.

Autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitides represent an increasingly recognized cause of devastating human illness as well as an emerging area of neurological injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Two groups of antibodies have been detected in affected patients. Antibodies in the first group are directed against neuronal cell surface membrane proteins and are exemplified by antibodies directed against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR), found in patients with autoimmune encephalitis, and antibodies directed against the leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 protein (anti-LGI1), associated with faciobrachial dystonic seizures and limbic encephalitis. Antibodies in this group produce non-lethal neuronal dysfunction, and their associated conditions often respond to treatment. Antibodies in the second group, as exemplified by anti-Yo antibody, found in patients with rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome, and anti-Hu antibody, associated with encephalomyelitis, react with intracellular neuronal antigens. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with underlying malignancy, and neurological impairment is the result of neuronal death. Within the last few years, major advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological disorders associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens. In contrast, the events that lead to neuronal death in conditions associated with antibodies directed against intracellular antigens, such as anti-Yo and anti-Hu, remain poorly understood, and the respective roles of antibodies and T lymphocytes in causing neuronal injury have not been defined in an animal model. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of these two groups of antibodies in terms of their discovery, how they arise, the interaction of both types of antibodies with their molecular targets, and the attempts that have been made to reproduce human neuronal injury in tissue culture models and experimental animals. We then discuss the emerging area of autoimmune neuronal injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the implications of current research for the treatment of affected patients.

For several millennia, leaves of Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey., an important Iranian medicinal plant with nutritional value as nutraceutical, have been used as tea for the treatment of several conditions, including inflammation. The nutritional value of intake of E. amoenum tea has mainly been correlated to its rich content of mainly water-soluble antioxidants. Although the entire plant is utilized, only natural products of the flowers have previously been thoroughly investigated. The rare natural products bis(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate, 4-Oxy-(E)-caffeoyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid methyl ester and 4-Oxy-(Z)-caffeoyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid methyl ester, in addition to the widely distributed compounds rosmarinic acid methyl ester and (E)-caffeic acid, were purified and characterized from leaves of Echium amoenum. The structures were determined by a combination of several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, circular dichroism spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The fact that bis(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate belongs to a rare group of natural products which have previously been patented for their significant anti-inflammatory activity may rationalize the traditional treatment of inflammations with E. amoenum.