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International audience; Despite the huge diversity tropical arthropods represent, factors shaping their communities are still poorly known, especially at small spatial scales. In this study, we aimed at providing ecological and methodological insights from a short and intensive field sampling of spiders, a highly diverse group of predators. We investigated how sampling methods, habitat type and day-time affect diversity and composition of spider assemblages. The standardized sampling protocol was applied in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana, where both ground- and vegetation-dwelling (up to 2.5 meters) assemblages were sampled during day and night using supposedly complementary methods at low and high (granitic hills called inselbergs) elevations. Observed and estimated richness of vegetation-dwelling spiders, as well as their species composition, did not differ between methods (sweep netting us. beating). Species richness was much lower in pitfall traps than in litter samples, which suggests a low mobility of ground-dwelling spiders and reveals the inadequacy of the former method compared to the latter. Spider assemblage in the vegetation of inselberg was two times poorer than in lowland forests and dominated by different families, probably due to harsher habitat conditions there. Strongly different patterns were here highlighted between vegetation and ground-dwelling spider assemblages, the latter being less diversified than in the vegetation which deserves further attention.

International audience

Pseudopoda saetosa sp. n. Figs 16���23, 137 Type material: Holotype: male holotype (PJ 1928), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Gongshan County, Danzhu He drainage, 15.7 ���16.0 air km SW of Gongshan, 2900���3100 m [27.627 ��N, 98.592 ��E to 27.622 ��N 98.587 ��E, Yunnan Province, China], 30 June ��� 5 July 2000, H.M. Yan, D. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick & D.Z. Dong (HNU). Paratypes: 2 males, 2 females (PJ 1926���1927, PJ 1929 ��� 30), same data as holotype (1 male, 1 female HNU; 1 male, 1 female CAS). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ���saetosus, -a, -um���, meaning ���hirsute���, referring to the setae on the dorsal margin of the RTA; adjective. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. Species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 16���19) ��� 1. Embolus sickle-shaped, bent at a right angle (ventral view), 2. RTA with distinct setae on its dorsal margin (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 20���23) ��� With similar copulatory organ as P. contentio sp. n., but differs in the following characters: 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes straight, running more transversally (slightly bent and more diagonal in P. contentio sp. n.), 2. Internal duct system visible through cuticle in a ventral view as large rather circular patches (elongated patches in P. c o n t e n t i o sp. n.), 3. Posterior end of first winding of internal duct system hidden by a internal bulge (freely visible in P. contentio sp. n.), 4. Margin of first winding narrow (wider in P. contentio sp. n.). Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 3.7 (3.6��� 3.7), PH 1.4 (1.3���1.7), PW 3.3 (3.1), AW 1.9 (1.8), OL 4.3 (3.8���4.1), OW 2.8 (2.5���2.7). Eyes: AME 0.19 (0.17), ALE 0.31 (0.25���0.27), PME 0.20 (0.17���0.18), PLE 0.27 (0.26), AME���AME 0.13 (0.13���0.16), AME��� ALE 0.04 (0.04���0.05), PME���PME 0.24 (0.21���0.26), PME���PLE 0.29 (0.27���0.28), AME���PME 0.29 (0.24), ALE���PLE 0.22 (0.22���0.23), CH ���AME 0.22 (0.23���0.25), CH ���ALE 0.19 (0.20���0.23). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026, MT I���II 2024, III 3034, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 5.6 (5.3) [1.9,0.9,1.0,1.8], I 18.3 (17.0��� 17.5) [4.6, 2.0, 5.1, 4.9, 1.7], II 19.9 (18.5) [5.2, 2.1, 5.5, 4.9, 1.6], III 16.7 (15.3���15.6) [4.5, 1.6, 4.7, 4.3, 1.6], IV 17.9 (16.8���17.1) [4.7, 1.6, 4.8, 5.1, 1.7]. Palp as in diagnosis. Retrolateral margin of cymbium almost straight (ventral view, Fig. 17), giving a somewhat triangular impression of cymbium. Embolus arising from a 10 -o���clock-position on the tegulum, short and widened, its tip pointing distally. Sperm duct broad, running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum (Fig. 17), bent in an acute angle at tegular bulge (prolateral view; Fig. 16). RTA arising basally from TI (Fig. 17). RTA similar to that of Pseudopoda gongschana sp. n., but having interspace between ventral and dorsal part larger and ovoid, and having dorsal finger-shaped part more slender. Dorsal RTA with 4���5 hairs on dorsal side of the apophysis. Setae on RTA as long as dorsal spine of TI (retrolateral view; Fig. 18). Colour: Yellowish-brown. DS and ST without distinct pattern. Some darker brown lines along the striae. CC yellowish-brown as DS. OS brown, brighter in anterior half, darker at posterior part. Legs uniformly yellowish-brown with some darker spine-patches. Spinnerets yellowish-brown but brighter than rest of the body. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.7 ���4.0, PH 1.4���1.7, PW 3.2���3.6, AW 2.0��� 2.2, OL 4.8���5.3, OW 3.1���3.4. Eyes: AME 0.14���0.18, ALE 0.26���0.29, PME 0.16���0.22, PLE 0.26���0.28, AME���AME 0.21��� 0.26, AME���ALE 0.06���0.07, PME���PME 0.30, PME���PLE 0.33���0.35, AME���PME 0.25���0.28, ALE���PLE 0.23��� 0.26, CH ���AME 0.33���0.41, CH ���ALE 0.26���0.32. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���II 323, III 322 (3), IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026; MT I���II 2024, III 3034, IV 3036. Measurement of palps and legs: PP 4.5���5.5 [1.5, 1.0, 1.3, 1.7], I 11.1���13.3 [3.7, 2.0, 5.1, 4.9, 1.7], II 13.4���15.2 [5.2, 2.1, 5.5, 5.3, 1.8], III 10.4���12.6 [3.7, 1.6, 3.0, 3.1, 1.2], IV 11.17��� 13.98 [3.9, 1.5, 3.3, 3.9, 1.3]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long, with short or indistinct anterior bands. Lateral lobes touching each other along a distance at the median line. Posterior margins irregularly rounded (Figs 20, 22). Space between fertilisation ducts and first winding larger than width of first winding (Figs 21, 23). Colour: As in male, but generally darker. Variation. One female paratype (PJ 1926) with posterior OS having a broad white transversal band. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (5 in Fig. 137). Relationships. Embolus conformation in males is very similar to that of P. platembola and Pseudopoda sp. cf. platembola (J��ger 2001: figs 35 f-i; open square in Fig. 137). P. s a e t o s a sp. n. is distinguished by the RTA having its ventral part more strongly pronounced in comparison with its dorsal part. Additionally the transverse basal branch of the embolus is shorter in P. saetosa sp. n., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda cangschana sp. n. Figs 66���72, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 1898), Dali, Cangshan, hill in front of mountain chain, pine needle litter (Fig. 134), 2100 m [25 �� 40 ' 59 ''N, 100 ��08' 53 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 14 April 1999, P. J��ger (SMF). Paratypes: 1 male (PJ 1899), same data as holotype (IOZ). 1 female (PJ 1909), Dali, Cangshan, hill in front of mountain chain, leaf litter in tree plantation (Fig. 131) [25 �� 40 ' 59 ''N, 100 ��08' 53 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 4 April 1999, P. J��ger (SMF). Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 1 subadult female (PJ 2255), Dali, Cangshan, riverside of stream, leaf litter (Fig. 130), 2200���2400 m [25 �� 40 ' 28 ''N, 100 ��08' 19 ''E], 6 April 1999, P. J��ger, by hand (SMF). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, Cangshan (= Cang mountains); adjective. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species can be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 66���68) ��� 1. Embolus distinctly s-shaped, about same width over its whole length, arising from 7.30 -o���clock-position on tegulum, 2. RTA similar to that of P. contraria sp. n. and P. roganda sp. n., but ventral part strongly reduced and without projection. Females (Figs 71���72) ��� 1. Anterior margin of lateral lobes v-shaped, 2. Lateral loops of internal duct system extending laterally beyond its first winding. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratype in parentheses): PL 4.4 (3.8), PH 1.6 (1.4), PW 3.7 (3.5), AW 2.3 (2.0), OL 4.3 (not taken), OW 2.9 (not taken). Eyes: AME 0.21 (0.19), ALE 0.31 (0.30), PME 0.28 (0.25), PLE 0.47 (0.35), AME���AME 0.18 (0.17), AME���ALE 0.06 (0.07), PME��� PME 0.27 (0.25), PME���PLE 0.32 (0.31), AME���PME 0.33 (0.28), ALE���PLE 0.30 (0.26), CH ���AME 0.31 (0.27), CH ���ALE 0.29 (0.21). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 202 (3) 6, II��� III 2026, IV 2126; MT I���II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 6.2 (5.7) [1.9, 0.9, 1.2, 2.2], I 15.4 (14.6) [4.0, 1.6, 4.3, 4.0, 1.5], II 17.4 (15.9) [4.8, 1.9, 4.8, 4.2, 1.7], III 14.1 (12.3) [4.0, 1.7, 3.7, 3.4, 1.3], IV 15.6 (14.8) [4.2, 1.5, 3.8, 4.5, 1.6]. Palp as in diagnosis. Tip of cymbium with characteristic projection. Tip of embolus pointing prolaterodistally. Sperm duct running almost straight parallel to cymbium's length axis, with s-shaped part at 6 -o���clockposition. RTA arising basally from TI (Figs 66���67). Colour: Yellowish-brown with dark pattern. DS with bright median band and two longitudinal bands on lateral sides with irregular pattern, being more distinct at its median margins (Fig. 69). ST (Fig. 70) and ventral CX with dots, these may be indistinct in CX I. GC and LA without pattern. CC with patches and dots. Appendages with spine-patches and distinctly smaller spots. Prolateral TI and PA additionally with larger patch basally. PA to TA not as bright as FE, more reddish-brown. Dorsal OS darker with three dark longitudinal bands, these surrounding two white areas. Posterior half of OS with dark transversal bands, some fused together, and with bright transversal bands (Fig. 69); lateral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS with dots especially in the median part. Female (measurements of paratype): PL 5.4, PH 1.8, PW 3.7, AW 2.6, OL 5.4, OW 3.1. Eyes: AME 0.22, ALE 0.40, PME 0.26, PLE 0.30, AME���AME 0.23, AME���ALE 0.06, PME���PME 0.31, PME���PLE 0.35, AME���PME 0.30, ALE���PLE 0.32, CH ���AME 0.32, CH ���ALE 0.31. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 1026, II���III 2026, IV 2126; MT I 1014, II 2014, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 5.2 [1.6, 0.7, 1.1, 1.8], I 13.7 [3.7, 1.9, 3.6, 3.2, 1.3], II 14.3 [4.1, 2.1, 3.5, 3.3, 1.3], III 12.3 [3.6, 1.8, 2.8, 2.9, 1.2], IV 14.1 [4.1, 1.6, 3.4, 3.8, 1.2]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field only slightly wider than long, with small anterior bands and trilobate anterior margin. Anterior margins of lateral lobes extending clearly into anterior half of epigyne (Fig. 71). Lateral loops of internal duct system appearing as dark patches in the centre of lateral lobes. First winding only with lateral rim (Fig. 72), i.e. not with an additional inner (= median) rim as in other Pseudopoda spp. described in this paper. Fertilisation ducts forming with dorsal membranous part equilateral triangle (Fig. 72). Colour: As in male, but dorsal OS with thin white transversal line in posterior half and ventral OS with only two converging lines of single dots. Pattern on appendages more distinct, especially additional prolateral patches on PA and TI larger and present also on retrolateral side in leg IV. All PA with retrolateral patch. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (12 in Fig. 137). Relationships. See P. roganda sp. n. Females cannot be associated unambiguously with any other species., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda yinae sp. n. Figs 38–43, 137 Type material. Holotype: male holotype (PJ 2536), 51 km SSE Zhongdian, 6.5 air km NNW Tuguancun, 2970 m, creek valley, mixed coniferous forestwith shrubby vegetation, bamboo [27 ° 25.3 ’N, 99 ° 56.5 ’E, N- Yunnan, Zhongdian County, China], 16 August 2003, D.W. Wrase, [4] (SMF). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Prof. Dr Chang-Min Yin (Changsha) for her efforts on arachnological studies in China in general and especially for her kind support of the senior author during his visits in China; noun (name) in genitive case. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species (males, Figs 38–40) can be recognised by the following combination of characters: 1. Embolus with broad distal half, tip tapering, 2. dorsal RTA with tip pointing ventrad and ventral RTA with distinct right angle (retrolateral view), 3. TI I with 1 prolateral spine (in other Pseudopoda species usually 2 prolateral spines). Description. Male (holotype): PL 2.6, PW 2.4, AW 1.3, OL 3.0, OW 2.5. Eyes: AME 0.12, ALE 0.25, PME 0.19, PLE 0.26, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.24, AME–PME 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.25, CH –AME 0.20, CH –ALE 0.13. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 13 (4) 1, 100, 1001 (131, 0 0 0, 1001); FE I 322 (333), II-III 333, IV 332 (1) (I-III 323, IV 331); PA 000; TI I 1026, II-IV 2026; MT I-II 2024, III 3024 (+ distal ventral spine), IV 3036 (+ distal ventral spine and bristles). Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.0 (1.3, 0.6, 0.8, -, 1.3), I 9.6 (2.7, 1.1, 2.5, 2.3, 1.0), II 10.3 (2.9, 1.2, 2.8, 2.4, 1.0), III 9.1 (2.7, 1.0, 2.5, 2.0, 0.9), IV 9.7 (2.8, 1.1, 2.5, 2.3, 1.0). Palp as in diagnosis (palps of holotype are expanded). Embolus arising from 8 -o’clock-position on tegulum. Sperm duct running sub-marginally in tegulum. RTA arising basally to mesially from TI (Fig. 38). Prolateral claw of right leg III as in Fig. 43. Colour: Yellowish-brown, distal leg segments darker. DS with two broad dark lateral bands, these with dark radial markings inside and discontinuous by some bright patches; fovea only slightly marked. ST with margin slightly darker and with patches at CX. Frontal CC with longitudinal alternating bright and dark stripes. Ventral CX pale yellow with CX II–IV having each one larger spot; legs with median-sized spots and spine patches. TI with prolateral proximal patch, other parts without distinct pattern. Dorsal OS dark with irregular pattern, brighter around dark heart patch and with two distinct anterior dark patches; posterior half with indistinct white transverse bars; lateral and ventral OS with irregular pattern; ventral dark median band medially brighter (Fig. 42). Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (2 in Fig. 137). Relationships. In this species the arising point of the embolus is shifted proximad in comparison to the previously treated species. Therefore the embolus is longer, but not becoming filiform or tapering as in the group of species described above. According to the shape of the RTA the species may be related to the following species, P. bibulba (Xu and Yin, 2000).

Pseudopoda rivicola sp. n. Figs 97���104, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 1905), Dali, Cangshan, riverside of stream, leaf litter (Fig. 192), 2200��� 2400 m [25 �� 40 ' 22 ''N, 100 ��08'08''E, Yunnan Province, China], 6 April 1999, P. J��ger, (SMF). Paratypes: 1 female (PJ 1904), same data as holotype (SMF). 1 male (PJ 1906), Dali, Cangshan, riverside of stream, gravel stones, 2200���2400 m [25 �� 40 ' 22 ''N, 100 ��08'08''E, Yunnan Province, China], 6 April 1999, P. J��ger (IOZ). 2 males (PJ 1920���1921), 1 female (PJ 1919), Dali, Cangshan, margin of pine forest close to damp meadow (Fig. 133), pine needle litter, 2600 m [25 �� 43 ' 22 ''N, 100 ��06' 19 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 8 April 1999, P. J��ger (SMF). 1 male (PJ 2529), Dali-Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, 2900���3000 m, E slope, former stone pit, in overgrown gravel, soil, plant roots [25 �� 41.4 'N, 100 ��06.7'E, N-Yunnan, China], 31 August 2003 D.W. Wrase, [20] (SMF). 1 male (PJ 2530), Dali-Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 3 km W Dali old town, 2650���2750m, pine forest at ���Cloud Road���, right upper chairlift station, needle and leaf litter [25 �� 41.1 'N, 100 ��06.8'E, N-Yunnan, China], 1 September 2003, D.W. Wrase, [19 c] (SMF). 1 female (PJ 1897), Dali, Cangshan, 2700���2900 m [Yunnan Province, China], 14 April 1999, W. Schawaller (IOZ). 1 female (PJ 1918), Dali, Cangshan, above monastery, pine needle litter, 2800 m [25 �� 41 ' 37 "N, 100 ��06'07''E, Yunnan Province, China], 8 April 1999, P. J��ger (SMF). Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 1 subadult male (PJ 2238), Dali, riverside of stream, leaf litter and gravel, 2200 m, 5 April 1999 [25 �� 40 ' 22 ''N, 100 ��08'08''E], palp ���moulted��� posthum, P. J��ger (SMF). 1 subadult male (PJ 2239), same data as before, palp ���moulted��� posthum (SMF). 4 subadult males (PJ 2240���2243), 1 juvenile (PJ 2244), same data as before (SMF). 1 subadult male (PJ 2245), 1 juvenile male (2246), 2 juveniles (PJ 2247���2248), same data as holotype. 1 juvenile female (PJ 2249), Dali, Cangshan, margin of pine forest close to damp meadow, pine needle litter, 2600 m, 8 April 1999 [25 �� 41 ' 37 "N, 100 ��06'07''E], P. J��ger (SMF). 1 subadult male, 1 subadult female, Dali-Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, 2900���3000 m, E slope, former stone pit, in overgrown gravel, soil, plant roots, 25 �� 41.4 'N, 100 ��06.7'E, 31 August 2003, D.W. Wrase, [20] (SMF). 1 subadult male (PJ 2531), 1 subadult female (PJ 2532), 1 juvenile, Dali-Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan, 3 km W Dali old town, 2650���2750 m, creek valley at ���Cloud Road���, right upper chairlift station, bamboo, moss leaf litter, 25 �� 41.1 'N, 100 ��06.8'E, 29 August 2003, D.W. Wrase, [19] (SMF). Sichuan Province: 1 male (PJ 1811), Emei, Emei Shan, river below cableway valley station to Wannian temple, under stones, 750 m, 22 March 1999 [29 �� 34 ' 43 "N, 103 �� 24 ' 58 "E], P. J��ger (SMF). ( note: structures of male and female copulatory openings in subadult specimens were recognisable after removing the penultimate moult. These structures and colouration point clearly to conspecifity with the holotype). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin words ���rivus���, meaning ���stream, little river���, and ���colere���, meaning, among others, ���to inhabit, to live in���. The name refers to the apparent preference of this species for damp sites close to streams or other moist places; adjective. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species can be recognised by the following combination of characters. Males (Figs 97���99) ��� 1. Cymbium somewhat compressed in longitudinal direction, 2. Embolus short and of irregular shape, 3. Dorsal RTA with conical projection, pointing distoretrolaterally (ventral view). Females (Figs 100���102) ��� 1. Lateral lobes diagonally oriented, 2. Lateral loops of internal duct system extending laterally distinctly beyond its first winding. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 3.2 (2.9 ��� 3.0), PH 1.1 (1.2���1.4), PW 2.8 (2.7���2.8), AW 1.4 (1.5���1.6), OL 3.1 (3.5), OW 2.0 (2.2���2.4). Eyes: AME 0.17 (0.16���0.17), ALE 0.29 (0.26���0.30), PME 0.22 (0.20���0.22), PLE 0.32 (0.26���0.29), AME���AME 0.17 (0.12��� 0.16), AME���ALE 0.07 (0.05���0.08), PME���PME 0.23 (0.19���0.23), PME���PLE 0.31 (0.23���0.30), AME���PME 0.21 (0.21���0.28), ALE���PLE 0.26 (0.20���0.25), CH ���AME 0.34 (0.27���0.36), CH ���ALE 0.26 (0.20���0.28). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 1(0)01, 2101; FE I���III 323, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 2 (1)026, II 2026, III 21 (0) 26, IV 2126; MT I���II 2024, III 3 (2)024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.2 (4.3���4.5) [1.2, 0.7, 0.8, 1.5], I 11.1 (11.4 ���12.0) [3.1, 1.3, 3.1, 2.6, 1.0], II 12.7 (12.4���12.6) [3.6, 1.6, 3.5, 2.9, 1.1], III 10.7 (10.2���10.6) [3.0, 1.3, 2.9, 2.6, 0.9], IV 12.5 (12.1���12.2) [3.6, 1.4, 3.1, 3.3, 1.1]. Palp as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o���clock-position on tegulum, with additional rim along its whole length; its tip pointing dorsally. Sperm duct running submarginally along retrolateral tegulum, s-shaped part visible in ventral view. RTA arising basally, with small projection close to its base, dorsal part larger than ventral part (Figs 98���99). Colour: Yellowish-brown with dark-brown markings. DS with bright median band, this with one pair of spots in front of fovea and another spot close to head region. Lateral dark bands interrupted by thin indistinct bright bands and with radial stripes consisting of spots (cf. Fig. 103). Sternum (cf. Fig. 104) and ventral CX with distinct patches, GC and LA without pattern. CC with frontal patches. Legs with spine patches, spots being slightly smaller than spine patches and patches proximally at prolatero-dorsal TI. Dorsal OS with dark heart patch and bright lateral parts in anterior half; posterior half dark with transverse white line. Lateral OS with irregular pattern. Ventral OS bright with median band of irregular patches, this is more distinct in posterior half. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.3���3.6, PH 1.3���2.1, PW 2.9���3.2, AW 1.8 ���2.0, OL 4.2���5.4, OW 3.0��� 5.4. Eyes: AME 0.16���0.19, ALE 0.29���0.33, PME 0.17���0.23, PLE 0.27���0.32, AME���AME 0.12��� 0.19, AME���ALE 0.03���0.08, PME���PME 0.21���0.27, PME���PLE 0.25���0.32, AME���PME 0.20���0.33, ALE���PLE 0.20���0.31, CH ���AME 0.36���0.43, CH ���ALE 0.30���0.34. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014(2); FE I���II 323, III 322 (3), IV 331; PA 001(0); TI I 2 (1)026, II���III��� 2026, IV 21 (0) 26; MT I���II 2 (1)02(1) 4, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 3.8���4.6 [1.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.2], I 9.5���10.4 [2.6, 1.4, 2.6, 2.3, 1.0], II 10.4���11.3 [2.9, 1.5, 2.7, 2.3, 1.0], III 8.7��� 9.4 [2.6, 1.2, 2.2, 2.1, 0.9], IV 10.1���10.8 [3.1, 1.1, 2.4, 2.7, 1.0]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field distinctly wider than long, with median part of anterior margin indistinct (Fig. 100). First winding of internal duct system undulated (Fig. 101). Colour: As in male. Variation. Colouration is darker and more distinct in some specimens, dorsal OS may be dark also in its anterior half, ventral OS may be darker, especially in its posterior half. Distribution. Known from Mt. Cangshan (Yunnan) and from Mt. Emeishan (Sichuan). Both localities are about 540 air kilometres apart (12 and filled square in Fig. 137)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda digitata sp. n. Figs 105���113, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 2099), Nujiang Prefecture, native forest in Gaoligongshan at 9.5 road km ESE Pianma, 2500 m [25 �� 59 'N, 98 �� 40 'E, Yunnan Province, China], 15���18 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.L. Long (HNU). Paratypes: 5 males (PJ 2100���2104), 5 females (PJ 2105���2109), same data as holotype (2 males, 2 females HNU; 2 males, 2 females CAS; 1 male, 1 female SMF). Etymology. The specific name refers to the finger-like dorsal RTA, derived from the Latin word ���digitus���, meaning ���finger���; adjective. Diagnosis. Small sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 105���107) ��� 1. Embolus with large projection on prolateral margin, 2. RTA with well developed finger-like dorsal RTA; ventral RTA as small hump (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 108���113) ��� 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes regularly curved (not straight or distinctly bent as in P. o b t u s a sp. n.), 2. Fertilisation ducts forming a wide triangle, i.e. fertilisation ducts oriented slightly transversally. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 3.5 (3.1��� 3.4), PH 1.7 (1.7), PW 3.0 (2.5���2.9), AW 1.7 (1.6), OL 3.8 (3.3���3.5), OW 2.8 (2.2���2.4). Eyes: AME 0.15 (0.16���0.17), ALE 0.30 (0.25���0.26), PME 0.21 (0.19���0.20), PLE 0.29 (0.26), AME���AME 0.16 (0.13���0.14), AME���ALE 0.04 (0.04), PME���PME 0.21 (0.20���0.21), PME���PLE 0.31 (0.28���0.32), AME���PME 0.25 (0.23��� 0.26), ALE���PLE 0.23 (0.22���0.23), CH ���AME 0.22 (0.21���0.23), CH ���ALE 0.19 (0.17���0.19). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322 (323), IV 331; PA I���III 0 0 1, IV 000; TI I���II 2026, III���IV 20 (1) 26; MT I���II 1014 (2024���3036), III���IV 3036 (3024���3036). Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.7 (4.3) [1.3, 0.7, 0.9, 1.8], I 12.0 (11.0��� 11.1) [3.3, 1.6, 3.1, 3.0, 1.0], II 12.6 (11.5���11.6) [3.5, 1.6, 3.4, 3.1, 1.0], III 11.2 (10.3���10.5) [3.4, 1.4, 2.8, 2.6, 1.0], IV 12.5 (11.2���11.5) [3.5, 1.4, 3.1, 3.4, 1.1]. Palp as described as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o���clock-position on tegulum, its median part widest, distal part oriented at a right angle to median part, pointing prolaterodistally, with small subapical tooth. Sperm duct running submarginally along retrolateral tegulum. RTA arising basally to medially, ventral part with small blunt projection (ventral view), dorsal part bent at ca. 120 ��, pointing distally (Figs 106���107). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with broad dark lateral bands and longitudinal marking at fovea. Lateral bands with bright narrow and interrupted line. ST yellowish-brown, brighter than DS, with some irregular brown spots. CC with same colour as DS. OS dark brown, with brighter patch in anterior half and dark longitudinal band inside. Appendages yellowish-brown with irregular brown spots. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.3���3.6, PH 1.5���1.7, PW 2.7���3.1, AW 1.8 ���2.0, OL 3.4���4.2, OW 2.7 ��� 3.0. Eyes: AME 0.15���0.17, ALE 0.24��� 0.28, PME 0.19���0.21, PLE 0.27���0.28, AME���AME 0.15��� 0.16, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.23���0.26, PME���PLE 0.29���0.33, AME���PME 0.25���0.30, ALE���PLE 0.27��� 0.30, CH ���AME 0.24���0.29, CH ���ALE 0.17���0.20. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA I���II 0 0 1 (000), II���IV 000; TI I 2026 (1026), II 2026, III���IV 2026; MT I 2024 (1014), II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.2���4.8 [1.5, 0.7, 1.1, 1.5], I 9.6���10.3 [3.0, 1.5, 2.6, 2.4, 0.8], II 10.3���11.2 [3.2, 1.5, 2.9, 2.6, 1.0], III 9.1���9.6 [2.8, 1.2, 2.4, 2.3, 0.8], IV 10.0��� 10.7 [3.0, 1.2, 2.7, 2.6, 1.0]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field distinctly wider than long, anterior margin trilobate. Lateral lobes narrow, with anterior and posterior margins laterally close to each other (Figs 108, 110 ��� 113). Internal duct system visible as diagonally oriented irregular patches, posterior parts of first winding of internal duct system hidden behind lateral lobes (Fig. 109). DS with two bristles in front of fovea. Colour: As in male, but slightly darker. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (7 in Fig. 137)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda roganda sp. n. Figs 63–65, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 1908), Kunming, Mt. Xishan Forest Park, small narrow valley (Fig. 129), leaf litter [24 ° 58 ' 32.18 ''N, 102 ° 37 ' 31.86 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 18 April 1999, P. Jäger, adult in laboratory: 23 May 1999 (SMF). Other material examined. 1 subadult male (PJ 2259), 1 subadult female (PJ 2260), same data as holotype, moist valley, leaf and pine needle litter, 19 April 1999, P. Jäger (SMF). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ‘rogare’, meaning ‘to ask’, and refers to the shape of the embolus, which resembles a question mark; adjective. Diagnosis. Medium-sized Heteropodinae. This species (males) may be recognised by the following combination of characters (Figs 63–65): 1. Embolus distinctly s-shaped, about same width over its whole length, arising from 9 -o’clock-position on tegulum, 2. RTA similar to that of P. c o n t r a r i a sp. n., but ventral part with shorter and straight margin and with basal projection. Description. Male (measurements of holotype): PL 5.2, PH 1.9, PW 3.8, AW 2.5, OL 4.8, OW 2.3. Eyes: AME 0.23, ALE 0.35, PME 0.29, PLE 0.37, AME–AME 0.26, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.37, PME–PLE 0.40, AME–PME 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.26, CH –AME 0.37, CH –ALE 0.31. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2111; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA I–II 101, III–IV 001; TI I 2026, II–IV 2126; MT I 1024, II–III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 7.2 [2.3, 0.9, 1.4, 2.6], I 20.6 [5.4, 2.1, 5.5, 5.8, 1.8], II 22.6 [6.0, 2.3, 6.3, 6.0, 2.0], III 18.5 [5.2, 2.0, 4.8, 4.8, 1.7], IV 20.7 [5.5, 2.0, 5.1, 6.0, 2.1]. Palp as in diagnosis. Distal part of embolus prolaterad, with tip distinctly tapering. Sperm duct running submarginally on retrolateral tegulum. RTA arising basally to medially, dorsal RTA thin, finger-like (Figs 64– 65). Colour: Bright yellowish-brown with indistinct pattern on DS and appendages. DS with longitudinal patch on fovea and only small dots recognisable as part of radial markings. CC, ST, LA and GC pale yellowish-brown. Appendages yellowish-brown with indistinct patches and dots. Dorsal OS with darker longitudinal band in anterior half and darker posterior half; lateral and ventral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS with four parallel lines of brighter dots, lateral dots fused. Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (13 in Fig. 137). Relationships. P. roganda sp. n. exhibits a distinct s-shaped embolus, which is also present in P. cangschana sp. n. described below. Both species differ in the arising point of the embolus and in the reduced ventral RTA in P. cangschana sp. n. Another species with a similar embolus conformation is P. taibaischana Jäger, 2001 from Shaanxi Province, China. However, this can be distinguished by the reduction of the fingerlike part of the dorsal RTA.

Pseudopoda digitata sp. n. Figs 105–113, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 2099), Nujiang Prefecture, native forest in Gaoligongshan at 9.5 road km ESE Pianma, 2500 m [25 ° 59 'N, 98 ° 40 'E, Yunnan Province, China], 15–18 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.L. Long (HNU). Paratypes: 5 males (PJ 2100–2104), 5 females (PJ 2105–2109), same data as holotype (2 males, 2 females HNU; 2 males, 2 females CAS; 1 male, 1 female SMF). Etymology. The specific name refers to the finger-like dorsal RTA, derived from the Latin word ‘digitus’, meaning ‘finger’; adjective. Diagnosis. Small sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 105–107) — 1. Embolus with large projection on prolateral margin, 2. RTA with well developed finger-like dorsal RTA; ventral RTA as small hump (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 108–113) — 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes regularly curved (not straight or distinctly bent as in P. o b t u s a sp. n.), 2. Fertilisation ducts forming a wide triangle, i.e. fertilisation ducts oriented slightly transversally. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 3.5 (3.1– 3.4), PH 1.7 (1.7), PW 3.0 (2.5–2.9), AW 1.7 (1.6), OL 3.8 (3.3–3.5), OW 2.8 (2.2–2.4). Eyes: AME 0.15 (0.16–0.17), ALE 0.30 (0.25–0.26), PME 0.21 (0.19–0.20), PLE 0.29 (0.26), AME–AME 0.16 (0.13–0.14), AME–ALE 0.04 (0.04), PME–PME 0.21 (0.20–0.21), PME–PLE 0.31 (0.28–0.32), AME–PME 0.25 (0.23– 0.26), ALE–PLE 0.23 (0.22–0.23), CH –AME 0.22 (0.21–0.23), CH –ALE 0.19 (0.17–0.19). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322 (323), IV 331; PA I–III 0 0 1, IV 000; TI I–II 2026, III–IV 20 (1) 26; MT I–II 1014 (2024–3036), III–IV 3036 (3024–3036). Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.7 (4.3) [1.3, 0.7, 0.9, 1.8], I 12.0 (11.0– 11.1) [3.3, 1.6, 3.1, 3.0, 1.0], II 12.6 (11.5–11.6) [3.5, 1.6, 3.4, 3.1, 1.0], III 11.2 (10.3–10.5) [3.4, 1.4, 2.8, 2.6, 1.0], IV 12.5 (11.2–11.5) [3.5, 1.4, 3.1, 3.4, 1.1]. Palp as described as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o’clock-position on tegulum, its median part widest, distal part oriented at a right angle to median part, pointing prolaterodistally, with small subapical tooth. Sperm duct running submarginally along retrolateral tegulum. RTA arising basally to medially, ventral part with small blunt projection (ventral view), dorsal part bent at ca. 120 °, pointing distally (Figs 106–107). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with broad dark lateral bands and longitudinal marking at fovea. Lateral bands with bright narrow and interrupted line. ST yellowish-brown, brighter than DS, with some irregular brown spots. CC with same colour as DS. OS dark brown, with brighter patch in anterior half and dark longitudinal band inside. Appendages yellowish-brown with irregular brown spots. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.3–3.6, PH 1.5–1.7, PW 2.7–3.1, AW 1.8 –2.0, OL 3.4–4.2, OW 2.7 – 3.0. Eyes: AME 0.15–0.17, ALE 0.24– 0.28, PME 0.19–0.21, PLE 0.27–0.28, AME–AME 0.15– 0.16, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.23–0.26, PME–PLE 0.29–0.33, AME–PME 0.25–0.30, ALE–PLE 0.27– 0.30, CH –AME 0.24–0.29, CH –ALE 0.17–0.20. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA I–II 0 0 1 (000), II–IV 000; TI I 2026 (1026), II 2026, III–IV 2026; MT I 2024 (1014), II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.2–4.8 [1.5, 0.7, 1.1, 1.5], I 9.6–10.3 [3.0, 1.5, 2.6, 2.4, 0.8], II 10.3–11.2 [3.2, 1.5, 2.9, 2.6, 1.0], III 9.1–9.6 [2.8, 1.2, 2.4, 2.3, 0.8], IV 10.0– 10.7 [3.0, 1.2, 2.7, 2.6, 1.0]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field distinctly wider than long, anterior margin trilobate. Lateral lobes narrow, with anterior and posterior margins laterally close to each other (Figs 108, 110 – 113). Internal duct system visible as diagonally oriented irregular patches, posterior parts of first winding of internal duct system hidden behind lateral lobes (Fig. 109). DS with two bristles in front of fovea. Colour: As in male, but slightly darker. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (7 in Fig. 137).

Pseudopoda bibulba (Xu and Yin, 2000) Figs 44-54, 137 Heteropoda bibulba Xu and Yin, 2000: 37, figs 1���3 (female holotype, PJ 2547, # 40, National Village, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China, 30 June 1999, Xu Xiang, HNU, examined). Pseudopoda bibulba ��� J��ger and Yin 2001: 126 (transfer from Heteropoda). Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 1 male (PJ 1714), 1 female (PJ 1715), Kunming, Mt. Xishan Forest Park, secondary forest, dry leaf litter of oak and others, 24 �� 58 ' 32.18 ''N, 102 �� 37 ' 31.86 ''E, 18 April 1999, P. J��ger (SMF). 1 female (PJ 1716), 1 subadult male (PJ 1868), same data as above, leaf litter, 2 April 1999, P. J��ger (IOZ). Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. This species can be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 44���46) ��� 1. Embolus long sickle-shaped, with same width over its entire length, 2. Dorsal RTA pronounced, its tip like a bird-head. Females (Figs 47 ���49, 52��� 54) ��� 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes distinctly bent mediad, 2. Internal duct system with distinct lateral loops, visible in ventral view. Description. Male (measurements of PJ 1714): PL 3.9, PH 1.5, PW 3.6, AW 2.0, OL 4.4, OW 2.5. Eyes: AME 0.22, ALE 0.30, PME 0.27, PLE 0.34, AME���AME 0.16, AME���ALE 0.06, PME���PME 0.26, PME���PLE 0.32, AME���PME 0.26, ALE���PLE 0.23, CH ���AME 0.32, CH ���ALE 0.23. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 1026, II���III 2026, IV 2126; MT I���II 1014, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 6.2 [1.9, 0.9, 1.2, 2.2], I 15.4 [4.1, 1.9, 4.2, 3.8, 1.4], II 17.1 [5.1, 1.9, 4.4, 3.9, 1.8], III 13.4 [4.2, 1.6, 3.3, 3.1, 1.2], IV 15.5 [4.4, 1.6, 3.7, 4.1, 1.6]. Palp as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o���clock-position on tegulum, long, semi-circular, pointing prolaterally. Tegulum with large basal projection extending beyond cymbium. Sperm duct not visible in basal part of tegulum (ventral view). RTA arising basally on TI, ventral part reduced (Fig. 45). Colour: Yellowish-brown with distinct pattern. DS with bright median band and dark lateral bands, these with bright longitudinal bands, the latter being intersected by radial markings (cf. Fig. 50). ST with dark spots especially in posterior half (cf. Fig. 51). CC slightly darker than DS, with dots. Legs pale yellowish-brown with spine patches and dots (cf. Fig. 59). Additional patches at PA and basal TI becoming larger and more distinct from leg I to leg IV. Dorsal OS dark with bright patch above heart, posterior half with bright transversal line; lateral OS with dark irregular patches; ventral OS with irregular patches and spots. Female (Redescription, PJ 1715���1716): PL 3.5, PH 1.4, PW 3.0, AW 2.0��� 2.1, OL 3.8, OW 2.3���2.4. Eyes: AME 0.17���0.18, ALE 0.31���0.32, PME 0.22, PLE 0.32, AME���AME 0.14���0.15, AME���ALE 0.04, PME���PME 0.25���0.26, PME���PLE 0.31���0.32, AME���PME 0.22���0.23, ALE���PLE 0.21, CH ���AME 0.25���0.29, CH ���ALE 0.20. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 32 (3) 1; PA 001; TI I 1026, II���III 2026, IV 2126; MT I���II 1014, III 3024, IV 3036 (+ 1 apical median ventral). Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.8 ���5.0 [1.5, 0.9, 1.1, 1.5], I 10.1���10.2 [2.8, 1.2, 2.8, 2.3, 1.0], II 11.9���12.1 [3.6, 1.7, 3.0, 2.5, 1.1], III 9.8 ���10.0 [2.9, 1.2, 2.5, 2.4, 0.8], IV 11.4 [3.2, 1.4, 2.8, 2.9, 1.1]. Internal ducts varying in additional female examined (Figs 47���49): all three elements are roughly paraxial (diagonal medially in holotype: Figs 52���54), anterior lateral part not bent mediad (bent mediad in holotype). Colour: As in male, but with more distinct pattern on DS and appendages; median part of ventral OS brighter. Distribution. Known from the type locality (Xu & Yin 2000) and the Xi Shan, Kunming, Yunnan Province (13 in Fig. 137). Relationships. The embolus of this new species has a similar course as P. yinae sp. n., but is equably narrow almost along its entire length (widened distally in P. y i n a e sp. n.). Females are characterised by the elongated ventral part of the internal duct system and its lateral coils. In this respect they resemble P. parvipunctata J��ger, 2001 from Northern Thailand (Chiang Mai: Doi Suthep, Doi Pui). As males of the latter species are distinctly different in their general palpal conformation, it is doubtful whether the two species are closely related or represent two different lineages with convergently developed similar female copulatory organs. Another undescribed species belonging to this category was recorded from Yunnan and is listed below., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Xu, X. & Yin, C. - M. (2000) [One new species of the genus Heteropoda from China (Araneae: Heteropoidae {sic!})]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 9, 37 - 39. [in Chinese with English abstract]","Jager, P. & Yin, C. M. (2001) Sparassidae in China. 1. Revised list of known species with new transfers, new synonymies and type designations (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Arachnologica, 50, 123 - 134."]}

Pseudopoda cangschana sp. n. Figs 66–72, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 1898), Dali, Cangshan, hill in front of mountain chain, pine needle litter (Fig. 134), 2100 m [25 ° 40 ' 59 ''N, 100 °08' 53 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 14 April 1999, P. Jäger (SMF). Paratypes: 1 male (PJ 1899), same data as holotype (IOZ). 1 female (PJ 1909), Dali, Cangshan, hill in front of mountain chain, leaf litter in tree plantation (Fig. 131) [25 ° 40 ' 59 ''N, 100 °08' 53 ''E, Yunnan Province, China], 4 April 1999, P. Jäger (SMF). Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 1 subadult female (PJ 2255), Dali, Cangshan, riverside of stream, leaf litter (Fig. 130), 2200–2400 m [25 ° 40 ' 28 ''N, 100 °08' 19 ''E], 6 April 1999, P. Jäger, by hand (SMF). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality, Cangshan (= Cang mountains); adjective. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species can be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 66–68) — 1. Embolus distinctly s-shaped, about same width over its whole length, arising from 7.30 -o’clock-position on tegulum, 2. RTA similar to that of P. contraria sp. n. and P. roganda sp. n., but ventral part strongly reduced and without projection. Females (Figs 71–72) — 1. Anterior margin of lateral lobes v-shaped, 2. Lateral loops of internal duct system extending laterally beyond its first winding. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratype in parentheses): PL 4.4 (3.8), PH 1.6 (1.4), PW 3.7 (3.5), AW 2.3 (2.0), OL 4.3 (not taken), OW 2.9 (not taken). Eyes: AME 0.21 (0.19), ALE 0.31 (0.30), PME 0.28 (0.25), PLE 0.47 (0.35), AME–AME 0.18 (0.17), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.07), PME– PME 0.27 (0.25), PME–PLE 0.32 (0.31), AME–PME 0.33 (0.28), ALE–PLE 0.30 (0.26), CH –AME 0.31 (0.27), CH –ALE 0.29 (0.21). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 202 (3) 6, II– III 2026, IV 2126; MT I–II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 6.2 (5.7) [1.9, 0.9, 1.2, 2.2], I 15.4 (14.6) [4.0, 1.6, 4.3, 4.0, 1.5], II 17.4 (15.9) [4.8, 1.9, 4.8, 4.2, 1.7], III 14.1 (12.3) [4.0, 1.7, 3.7, 3.4, 1.3], IV 15.6 (14.8) [4.2, 1.5, 3.8, 4.5, 1.6]. Palp as in diagnosis. Tip of cymbium with characteristic projection. Tip of embolus pointing prolaterodistally. Sperm duct running almost straight parallel to cymbium's length axis, with s-shaped part at 6 -o’clockposition. RTA arising basally from TI (Figs 66–67). Colour: Yellowish-brown with dark pattern. DS with bright median band and two longitudinal bands on lateral sides with irregular pattern, being more distinct at its median margins (Fig. 69). ST (Fig. 70) and ventral CX with dots, these may be indistinct in CX I. GC and LA without pattern. CC with patches and dots. Appendages with spine-patches and distinctly smaller spots. Prolateral TI and PA additionally with larger patch basally. PA to TA not as bright as FE, more reddish-brown. Dorsal OS darker with three dark longitudinal bands, these surrounding two white areas. Posterior half of OS with dark transversal bands, some fused together, and with bright transversal bands (Fig. 69); lateral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS with dots especially in the median part. Female (measurements of paratype): PL 5.4, PH 1.8, PW 3.7, AW 2.6, OL 5.4, OW 3.1. Eyes: AME 0.22, ALE 0.40, PME 0.26, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.23, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.31, PME–PLE 0.35, AME–PME 0.30, ALE–PLE 0.32, CH –AME 0.32, CH –ALE 0.31. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I 1026, II–III 2026, IV 2126; MT I 1014, II 2014, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 5.2 [1.6, 0.7, 1.1, 1.8], I 13.7 [3.7, 1.9, 3.6, 3.2, 1.3], II 14.3 [4.1, 2.1, 3.5, 3.3, 1.3], III 12.3 [3.6, 1.8, 2.8, 2.9, 1.2], IV 14.1 [4.1, 1.6, 3.4, 3.8, 1.2]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field only slightly wider than long, with small anterior bands and trilobate anterior margin. Anterior margins of lateral lobes extending clearly into anterior half of epigyne (Fig. 71). Lateral loops of internal duct system appearing as dark patches in the centre of lateral lobes. First winding only with lateral rim (Fig. 72), i.e. not with an additional inner (= median) rim as in other Pseudopoda spp. described in this paper. Fertilisation ducts forming with dorsal membranous part equilateral triangle (Fig. 72). Colour: As in male, but dorsal OS with thin white transversal line in posterior half and ventral OS with only two converging lines of single dots. Pattern on appendages more distinct, especially additional prolateral patches on PA and TI larger and present also on retrolateral side in leg IV. All PA with retrolateral patch. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (12 in Fig. 137). Relationships. See P. roganda sp. n. Females cannot be associated unambiguously with any other species.

Pseudopoda amelia sp. n. Figs 32���37, 137 Type material. Holotype: male holotype (PJ 2071), Nujiang Prefecture, native forest in Gaoligongshan at 9.5 road km ESE Pianma, 2500 m [25 �� 59 ���N, 98 �� 40 ���E, Yunnan Province, China], elevation 15���18 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.L. Long (HNU). Etymology. The specific name refers to the main role in the movie ���Le fabuleux destin de Amelie Poulain���, in hope for a better world; noun (latinised name) in apposition. Diagnosis. Medium sized Heteropodinae. 1. Embolus sickle-shaped, becoming progressively narrower distally, pointing prolatero-distally (Fig. 33). 2. RTA without long projections, not reaching basal part of cymbium (Fig. 34). Description. Male (holotype): PL 5.1, PH 2.0, PW 4.4, AW 2.7, OL 5.5, OW 3.2. Eyes: AME 0.28, ALE 0.41, PME 0.29, PLE 0.40, AME���AME 0.20, AME���ALE 0.08, PME���PME 0.30, PME���PLE 0.36, AME��� PME 0.37, ALE���PLE 0.37, CH ���AME 0.53, CH ���ALE 0.42. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I���II 2228, III��� IV 2226; MT I���II 3034, III���IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 8.7 [3.0,1.3,1.4,3.0], I 23.5 [6.3, 2.3, 6.6, 6.1, 2.2], II 28.1 [7.7, 2.7, 7.6, 7.6, 2.5], III 23.0 [6.3, 2.3, 6.4, 6.1, 1.9], IV 25.6 [7.0, 2.4, 6.4, 7.4, 2.4]. Palp as in diagnosis. Retrolateral margin of cymbium with additional small bulge (distal to small spine). Embolus originating from 10 -o���clock-position on the tegulum, tapering to its tip, running in semi-circle, pointing prolaterodistally. Sperm duct following retrolateral margin of tegulum closely, partly hidden in ventral view (Fig. 33), bent in small angle at the tegular bulge (prolateral view, Fig. 32). RTA arising basally to medially from TI (Fig. 33), with ventral bulge (retrolateral view, Fig. 34). Distal tip with small humps. Colour: Yellowish-brown with brown to contrasting dark-brown pattern. DS with two slightly marked dark lateral longitudinal bands; bright median band with indistinct pattern and darkly marked fovea; lateral and posterior DS with dark margin and thin submarginal bright band. ST yellowish, a bit brighter than DS, with darker margin, with larger patches marginally and smaller spots (Fig. 35). CC slightly darker than DS. Legs yellowish-brown with dark brown patches and small indistinct spots; mesial femoral spine patches fused (Fig. 37). Dorsal OS with distinct pattern, i.e. two spots around muscle sigillae and trapezoid patch, behind the latter thin dark transversal lines and another roughly rectangled patch; lateral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS with two dark patches laterally, these fusing in front of spinnerets; median band delimited by single spots (Fig. 36). Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (7 in Fig. 137). Relationships. General embolus conformation of Pseudopoda amelia sp. n. is similar to the species mentioned previously (P. platembola, P. saetosa sp. n., P. contentio sp. n.). The strength of the bend of the embolus is similar to that in P. contentio sp. n. (i.e. about 180 ��), but differs in the distinctly narrower embolus. Additionally the dorsal RTA is strongly reduced. A species also related to P. a m e l i a sp. n., but having a longer and more strongly bent embolus is P. biapicata J��ger, 2001 (open square in Fig. 137). According to the findings with the species described in this paper the biapicata -group as proposed by J��ger (2001) has to be reconsidered., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda interposita sp. n. Figs 7���9, 137 Type material: Holotype: male (PJ 2161), Nujiang County, Zhon Lushui Xian [Yunnan Province, China], 5 June 1981, Yao Jiaping (IOZ). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin participle ���interpositus, -a, -um���, meaning ���being situated in between���, and refers to its assumed systematic position between P. gongshana and P. sinapophysis; adjective. Diagnosis. Medium-sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 7���9) ��� 1. Cymbium elongated in comparison to other Pseudopoda spp., but slightly wider than in P. sinapophysis, 2. Embolus thin, base straight, tip bent at a right angle, distal part separated into two parts, 3. RTA with long and thin finger-like dorsal part. Description. Male (measurements of the holotype): PL 4.5, PH 1.8, PW 4.1, AW 2.2, OL 5.6, OW 3.3. Eyes: AME 0.23, ALE 0.35, PME 0.26, PLE 0.33, AME���AME 0.14, AME���ALE 0.03, PME���PME 0.23, PME���PLE 0.31, AME���PME 0.26, ALE���PLE 0.22, CH ���AME 0.23, CH ���ALE 0 21. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I 323, II���III 322, IV 331; PA I���III 101, IV 000; TI I���II 2228, III 2226, IV 2126; MT I���II 3034, III���IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 7.8 [2.3, 1.3, 1.6, 2.6], I 25.3 [6.0, 2.3, 7.4, 7.6, 2.0], II 27.2 [6.3, 2.5, 8.0, 8.2, 2.2], III 19.7 [5.5, 2.1, 5.1, 5.3, 1.7], IV 21.2 [5.8, 2.0, 5.5, 6.1, 1.8]. Palp as in diagnosis. Cymbium slightly elongated but not as strong as in P. sinapophysis. Embolus, arising from 10 -o���clock-position on tegulum and slightly ���S��� curved. Distal part bent at right angle pointing retrolaterally, tip bifurcate. Sperm duct running submarginally on retrolateral tegulum, becoming narrower at the embolus. RTA arising medially from TI, ventral finger-like part pointing retrolaterally (Figs 7���9). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with fovea slightly darker. ST without distinct pattern. CC same colour as DS. OS uniformly bright brown, brighter in anterior half, without distinct pattern. Legs yellowish-brown, brighter at FE, getting darker towards distal segments (especially TA). Appendages with some irregular dark spine patches. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (8 in Fig. 137). Relationships. According to the shape of the embolus and RTA this new species may be closely related to P. gongschana sp. n. The degree of elongation of the cymbium places this species intermediate between P. sinapophysis sp. n. and P. gongschana sp. n. If the elongation would be due to adaptation to cave habitats, it had to be considered only as a secondary character for a phylogenetic analysis., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda amelia sp. n. Figs 32–37, 137 Type material. Holotype: male holotype (PJ 2071), Nujiang Prefecture, native forest in Gaoligongshan at 9.5 road km ESE Pianma, 2500 m [25 ° 59 ’N, 98 ° 40 ’E, Yunnan Province, China], elevation 15–18 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.L. Long (HNU). Etymology. The specific name refers to the main role in the movie ‘Le fabuleux destin de Amelie Poulain’, in hope for a better world; noun (latinised name) in apposition. Diagnosis. Medium sized Heteropodinae. 1. Embolus sickle-shaped, becoming progressively narrower distally, pointing prolatero-distally (Fig. 33). 2. RTA without long projections, not reaching basal part of cymbium (Fig. 34). Description. Male (holotype): PL 5.1, PH 2.0, PW 4.4, AW 2.7, OL 5.5, OW 3.2. Eyes: AME 0.28, ALE 0.41, PME 0.29, PLE 0.40, AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.36, AME– PME 0.37, ALE–PLE 0.37, CH –AME 0.53, CH –ALE 0.42. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI I–II 2228, III– IV 2226; MT I–II 3034, III–IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 8.7 [3.0,1.3,1.4,3.0], I 23.5 [6.3, 2.3, 6.6, 6.1, 2.2], II 28.1 [7.7, 2.7, 7.6, 7.6, 2.5], III 23.0 [6.3, 2.3, 6.4, 6.1, 1.9], IV 25.6 [7.0, 2.4, 6.4, 7.4, 2.4]. Palp as in diagnosis. Retrolateral margin of cymbium with additional small bulge (distal to small spine). Embolus originating from 10 -o’clock-position on the tegulum, tapering to its tip, running in semi-circle, pointing prolaterodistally. Sperm duct following retrolateral margin of tegulum closely, partly hidden in ventral view (Fig. 33), bent in small angle at the tegular bulge (prolateral view, Fig. 32). RTA arising basally to medially from TI (Fig. 33), with ventral bulge (retrolateral view, Fig. 34). Distal tip with small humps. Colour: Yellowish-brown with brown to contrasting dark-brown pattern. DS with two slightly marked dark lateral longitudinal bands; bright median band with indistinct pattern and darkly marked fovea; lateral and posterior DS with dark margin and thin submarginal bright band. ST yellowish, a bit brighter than DS, with darker margin, with larger patches marginally and smaller spots (Fig. 35). CC slightly darker than DS. Legs yellowish-brown with dark brown patches and small indistinct spots; mesial femoral spine patches fused (Fig. 37). Dorsal OS with distinct pattern, i.e. two spots around muscle sigillae and trapezoid patch, behind the latter thin dark transversal lines and another roughly rectangled patch; lateral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS with two dark patches laterally, these fusing in front of spinnerets; median band delimited by single spots (Fig. 36). Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (7 in Fig. 137). Relationships. General embolus conformation of Pseudopoda amelia sp. n. is similar to the species mentioned previously (P. platembola, P. saetosa sp. n., P. contentio sp. n.). The strength of the bend of the embolus is similar to that in P. contentio sp. n. (i.e. about 180 °), but differs in the distinctly narrower embolus. Additionally the dorsal RTA is strongly reduced. A species also related to P. a m e l i a sp. n., but having a longer and more strongly bent embolus is P. biapicata Jäger, 2001 (open square in Fig. 137). According to the findings with the species described in this paper the biapicata -group as proposed by Jäger (2001) has to be reconsidered.

Pseudopoda spiculata (Wang, 1990) Figs 120���127, 137 Heteropoda spiculata Wang, 1990: 8, figs 13���14 (male holotype from Mt. Xishan, 24 �� 29 'N, 102 ��02' E [see note below], Yunnan Province, China, 24 October 1978, Wang, HNU, Sparassidae # 42, examined). ��� Song, Zhu and Chen 1999: 468, fig. 268 Q. Pseudopoda spiculata. ���J��ger 2001 b: 100, figs 57 c���d (transfer from Heteropoda). Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 3 females (PJ 1922���1924), 1 subadult female (PJ 2256), 2 juveniles (PJ 2257���2258), Kunming, Mt. Xishan Forest Park, moist valley, leaf and pine needle litter, 24 �� 58 ' 32.18 ''N, 102 �� 37 ' 31.86 ''E, 19 April 1999, P. J��ger (2 females, 1 subadult female, 2 juveniles SMF; 1 female IOZ). Note. Although no male was found together with the females examined, both sexes can be recognised as conspecific due to their colour pattern and their occurrence in the same locality. GPS data listed in the original description for the type locality seem to be wrong, as the given coordinates are located about 80 kilometres SW of Mt. Xishan. There is no other Xishan known in the surrounding area than that close to Kunming (Li, pers. comm.). Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 120���122) ��� 1. Very short and hook-shaped embolus, 2. Long dorsal RTA in combination with the claw-shaped ventral RTA. Females (Figs 123���125) ��� 1. Lateral lobes extending only very slightly beyond epigastric furrow, 2. Internal duct system different from other Pseudopoda spp., i.e. running roughly longitudinal from anterior situated openings in three loops to posterior. Description. Female: PL 3.4���3.6, PH 1.3���1.5, PW 3.1���3.3, AW 1.7���1.8, OL 3.9���4.1, OW 2.1���2.9. Eyes: AME 0.19���0.20, ALE 0.26���0.29, PME 0.21���0.24, PLE 0.27, AME���AME 0.17���0.18, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.25���0.28, PME���PLE 0.29���0.31, AME���PME 0.26, ALE���PLE 0.22���0.23, CH ���AME 0.29���0.36, CH ���ALE 0.23���0.31. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 0 0 1, 2121, 1004; FE I���III 323 (2), IV 331; PA 001; TI I 2126, II 2 (3) 12 (3) 6, III���IV 2126; MT I���II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs (in brackets PJ 1922): PP 4.6���4.8 [1.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.6], I 12.6���12.7 [3.6, 1.5, 3.5, 3.0, 1.1], II 13.7���13.9 [4.0, 1.7, 3.7, 3.2, 1.3], III 10.7���11.1 [3.3, 1.5, 2.9, 2.5, 0.9], IV 12.4���12.6 [3.8, 1.3, 3.0, 3.3, 1.2]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field slightly longer than wide, anterior margin rounded, without anterior bands. Median margins of lateral lobes slightly curved touching each other in posterior half (Fig. 123). Internal ducts forming wide tubes, clearly visible in dorsal view, i.e. not hidden by lateral lobes in their posterior part (Fig. 124). Colour: Yellowish- to reddish-brown with distinct and vivid pattern. DS with radial markings consisting of single dots; anterior half with marble-like pattern; submarginal bright band in posterior half. CC, ST (Fig. 126), CX and GC pale yellowish-brown with brown patches, these larger and more distinct on frontal CC. Appendages with brown spine patches and numerous spots (Fig. 127), in contrast to other species also distinctly in TI and MT. Dorsal OS variable in colouration: one female almost entirely dark only with slightly recognisable chevron-like lines in posterior half (PJ 1923), another female with bright parts in anterior half (PJ 1922), the third female with bright anterior half and large bright patch in dark posterior half (PJ 1924); lateral OS with irregular pattern; ventral OS bright with irregular brown patches, these larger along two converging lines. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (13 in Fig. 137). Relationships. Copulatory organs in both sexes are unique for the genus. No statements on their systematic position can be drawn presently., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 32-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Wang, J. - F. (1990) [Six new species of the spiders of the genus Heteropoda from China (Araneae: Heteropodidae)]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 9, 7 - 11. [in Chinese with English abstract]","Song, D. - X., Zhu, M. - S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp."]}

Pseudopoda gongschana sp. n. Figs 10–15, 137 Type material: Holotype: male (PJ 1933), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Gongshan County, Danzhu He drainage, 13.5 air km SSW of Gongshan, 2700 m [27.631 °N, 98.621 °E, Yunnan Province, China], 30 June – 5 July 2000, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick, H.M. Yan & D.Z. Dong (HNU). Paratypes: 26 males (PJ 1965 –1967, 1972–1981, 1983– 1995), 4 females (PJ 1934–1935, PJ 1963–1964), same data as holotype (13 males, 2 females HNU; 12 males, 2 females CAS; 2 males SMF). 4 males (PJ 2000–2003), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, No. 12, Bridge Camp area, 16.3 air km W of Gongshan, 2775 m [27.715 °N, 98.502 °E, Yunnan Province, China], 15–19 July 2000, H.M. Yan, D. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick & D.Z. Dong (2 males HNU; 2 males CAS). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to the type locality (Gongshan); adjective. Diagnosis. Small- to medium-sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 10–12) — 1. Embolus short and slightly bent, with triangular indentation close to tip (ventral view), 2. Interspace between dorsal and ventral RTA about the width of dorsal RTA (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 13–15) — 1. Anterior margins of lateral epigynal lobes semicircular, 2. Internal duct system visible through cuticle in ventral view as large circular patches in centre of lateral lobes. 3. Margins of first winding of internal duct system undulated. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 5.0 (4.2– 5.7), PH 1.8 (1.7–2.5), PW 4.4 (3.6–4.6), AW 2.5 (2.1–2.9), OL 5.7 (4.6–6.9), OW 3.9 (2.6–3.7). Eyes: AME 0.22 (0.22–0.26), ALE 0.34 (0.32–0.33), PME 0.26 (0.22–0.26), PLE 0.34 (0.27–0.33), AME–AME 0.17 (0.17–0.20), AME–ALE 0.09 (0.04–0.08), PME–PME 0.32 (0.26–0.33), PME–PLE 0.33 (0.31–0.33), AME– PME 0.31 (0.22–0.30), ALE–PLE 0.25 (0.23–0.27), CH –AME 0.37 (0.33–0.49), CH –ALE 0.33 (0.28–0.43). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322 (323; n= 2), IV 331; PA I–II 101, III 101 (001), IV 000; TI I–II 2226, III 2226 – 2026, IV 2126; MT I–II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 8.6 (7.7 –9.0) [2.8, 1.3, 1.6, 2.9], I 29.5 (29.3–31.1) [7.5, 2.6, 8.2, 8.6,2.6], II 32.3 (31.7– 33.2) [8.3, 2.7, 9.1, 9.4, 2.8], III 26.9 (25.9–27.6) [7.2, 2.3, 7.6, 7.5, 2.3], IV 28.7 (27.8–29.7) [6.6, 2.5, 8.3, 8.6, 2.7]. Palp as in diagnosis. Cymbium with distinct retrolateral bulge. Embolus originating from 9 -o’clock-position on the tegulum (Fig. 11), slightly sickle-shaped (prolateral view, Fig. 10). Sperm duct running semi-marginally along retrolateral side of tegulum (Fig. 11), narrow at prolateral side and s-shaped on tegular bulge (prolateral view, Fig. 10). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with brown markings along the fovea and striae. CC reddish-brown and darker than rest of body. ST without distinct pattern. Dorsal OS dark brown with irregular darker patch, in posterior half with white transversal band. Legs yellowish-brown, bright at basal segments, distal segments darker. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 5.3–6.2, PH 2.2–2.5, PW 4.0– 5.1, AW 2.9–3.2, OL 7.1 –10.0, OW 4.6 –8.0. Eyes: AME 0.23–0.28, ALE 0.35–0.42, PME 0.26–0.28, PLE 0.31–0.38, AME–AME 0.22– 0.30, AME–ALE 0.04–0.08, PME–PME 0.33–0.41, PME–PLE 0.40–0.44, AME–PME 0.31–0.36, ALE–PLE 0.26–0.31, CH –AME 0.42–0.75, CH –ALE 0.35–0.69. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I–III 323, IV 331; PA I–III 0 0 1 (101), IV 000; TI I–II 2226 (2126), III–IV 2226 (2026); MT I–II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 7.6–8.3 [2.3, 1.2, 1.6, 2.5], I 21.1–23.9 [5.9, 2.7, 6.4, 6.9, 2.0], II 22.0–25.0 [6.8, 2.9, 6.8, 6.4, 2.1], III 18.4–20.9 [5.9, 2.3, 5.5, 5.3, 1.9], IV 20.9–23.2 [6.2, 2.4, 6.1, 6.4, 2.1]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long. Epigyne with anterior margins of lateral lobes distinctly bent posteriolaterally. Lateral lobes touching each other only slightly, their posterior margins with median indentation. Dorsal part of lateral lobes extending in anterior half of vulva (Figs 13–15). Colour: As in male, but generally darker. Variation. Variable leg spination in PA I–III (101 in n= 18, 0 0 1 in n= 14) and TI (2226 in n=16, 2126 in n=15, 2026 in n= 1). Distribution. Known from two different localities in the Gongshan mountains in Yunnan Province (localities 4, 6 in Fig. 137). Relationships. Males are clearly similar to those of the two previous species. According to the shape of the anterior margins of lateral lobes as well as the size and shape of the globular structures of the internal duct system (ventral view) females are similar to that one recorded from N-Myanmar, illustrated by Jäger (2001: figs 35 j–l). The latter specimen could not be assigned unambiguously to one of the two males collected with it (P. platembola Jäger, 2001; Pseudopoda sp. cf. platembola). Compare also relationships of P. saetosa sp. n.

Pseudopoda sp. cf. bibulba (Xu and Yin, 2000) Figs 55–59, 137 Material examined CHINA: Yunnan: 1 female (PJ 2158), Mengla County, Hsiao Meng Lun, 21 ° 55 ' N, 101 ° 15 ' E, Meng Xue Shihui Liu, 11 November 1988, Song Daxiang, # 30 (IOZ). Description. PL 4.6, PH 1.4, PW 4.0, AW 2.3, OL 4.5, OW 2.7. Lateral coils of internal duct system are very similar to those of P. bibulba, but the median part is not as long as in P. bibulba (Figs 55–58). Moreover, the anterior median margins of the lateral lobes do not exhibit the distinct bend as in P. bibulba and a distinct bright median band on the dorsal shield of the prosoma is missing. As no conspecific male is known and both localities are about 370 air kilometres apart, no statements on taxonomic status can be drawn and, therefore, the specimen is not described as a new species here. Relationships. See P. b i b u l b a.

Pseudopoda obtusa sp. n. Figs 91–96, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 2093), Baoshan Prefecture, pass over Gaoligongshan at 2003m, Luoshuidong, 28 air km E Teng Chong, native forest [24 ° 57 'N, 98 ° 45 'E, Yunnan Province, China], 26–31 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.-L. Long (HNU). Paratypes: 1 male (PJ 2094), 4 females (PJ 2095–2098), same data as holotype (2 females HNU; 1 male, 1 female CAS; 1 female SMF). Etymology. The specific name refers to the blunt distal tip of RTA, derived from the Latin word ‘obtusus’, meaning ‘blunt’; adjective. Diagnosis. Small sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 91–93) — 1. Embolus with 2 tooth-like projections, one subdistally, another on prolateral part, 2. RTA similar to that of Pseudopoda amelia sp. n., but with small hump on basal ventral margin (ventral view). Females (Figs 95–96) — 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes distinctly bent, lateral parts undulated and pointing 45 ° anteriolaterally, 2. Internal ducts appearing as transversal ovoid patches in ventral view, 3. Interspace between fertilisation ducts and first winding about the same distance as that between fertilisation ducts. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratype in parentheses): PL 3.2 (3.1), PH 1.6 (1.7), PW 2.8 (2.6), AW 1.7 (1.6), OL 3.1 (3.3), OW 2.1 (2.1). Eyes: AME 0.13 (0.13), ALE 0.31 (0.25), PME 0.20 (0.19), PLE 0.29 (0.30), AME–AME 0.12 (0.14), AME–ALE 0.04 (0.04), PME–PME 0.21 (0.20), PME–PLE 0.28 (0.26), AME–PME 0.28 (0.24), ALE–PLE 0.25 (0.22), CH –AME 0.25 (0.24), CH – ALE 0.21 (0.19). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026; MT I 1004 (2024), II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.4 (4.3) [1.4, 0.7, 0.8, 1.5], I 10.8 (10.7) [3.0, 1.4, 2.8, 2.6, 1.0], II 11.6 (11.2) [3.2, 1.5, 3.0, 2.9, 1.0], III 10.2 (9.9) [3.0, 1.3, 2.5, 2.5, 0.9], IV 11.0 (10.9) [3.1, 1.1, 2.8, 3.0, 1.0]. Palp as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o’clock-position on tegulum, widened at its median part; curved distal part narrow, pointing prolaterally. Only parts of sperm duct visible. RTA arising basally from TI, without distal projection, shorter than P. a m e l i a sp. n., not reaching base of cymbium; its distal tip with 2 indistinct humps (Figs 91–93). Colour: DS yellowish-brown with distinct pattern: margins with dark longitudinal bands, these divided by distinct thin discontinuous bright line (Fig. 94). ST with irregular patches. CC same colour as DS. OS brown with same pattern as in P. contentio sp. n., but less distinct: anterior part of dorsal OS with bright patch and a reddish-brown heart patch inside. Appendages yellowish-brown with brown spine patches. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.4–3.5, PH 1.6–1.9, PW 2.8–2.9, AW 1.8–1.9, OL 3.9–4.1, OW 2.1–3.2. Eyes: AME 0.13–0.18, ALE 0.27–0.29, PME 0.20–0.22, PLE 0.28–0.30, AME–AME 0.15– 0.17, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.21–0.24, PME–PLE 0.29–0.30, AME–PME 0.24–0.28, ALE–PLE 0.25– 0.27, CH –AME 0.23–0.28, CH –ALE 0.18–0.21. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA I–III 0 0 1, IV 0 0 0 (001); TI 2026; MT I–II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurement of palps and legs: PP 4.3–4.4 [1.2, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5], I 9.2–9.6 [2.7, 1.4, 2.6, 2.2, 0.7], II 9.6–10.1 [3.1, 1.4, 2.5, 2.3, 0.8], III 8.7 –9.0 [2.7, 1.2, 2.3, 2.0, 0.8], IV 9.7 –10.0 [3.0, 1.2, 2.4, 2.5, 0.9]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin indistinct and hardly recognisable. Lateral lobes narrower than in other Pseudopoda spp. (Fig. 95). Posterior part of first winding of internal duct system covered by lateral lobes (dorsal view, Fig. 96). Colour: As in male, but slightly darker and with more distinct pattern. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (9 in Fig. 137).

Pseudopoda yinae sp. n. Figs 38���43, 137 Type material. Holotype: male holotype (PJ 2536), 51 km SSE Zhongdian, 6.5 air km NNW Tuguancun, 2970 m, creek valley, mixed coniferous forestwith shrubby vegetation, bamboo [27 �� 25.3 ���N, 99 �� 56.5 ���E, N- Yunnan, Zhongdian County, China], 16 August 2003, D.W. Wrase, [4] (SMF). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to Prof. Dr Chang-Min Yin (Changsha) for her efforts on arachnological studies in China in general and especially for her kind support of the senior author during his visits in China; noun (name) in genitive case. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. The species (males, Figs 38���40) can be recognised by the following combination of characters: 1. Embolus with broad distal half, tip tapering, 2. dorsal RTA with tip pointing ventrad and ventral RTA with distinct right angle (retrolateral view), 3. TI I with 1 prolateral spine (in other Pseudopoda species usually 2 prolateral spines). Description. Male (holotype): PL 2.6, PW 2.4, AW 1.3, OL 3.0, OW 2.5. Eyes: AME 0.12, ALE 0.25, PME 0.19, PLE 0.26, AME���AME 0.11, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.18, PME���PLE 0.24, AME���PME 0.26, ALE���PLE 0.25, CH ���AME 0.20, CH ���ALE 0.13. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 13 (4) 1, 100, 1001 (131, 0 0 0, 1001); FE I 322 (333), II-III 333, IV 332 (1) (I-III 323, IV 331); PA 000; TI I 1026, II-IV 2026; MT I-II 2024, III 3024 (+ distal ventral spine), IV 3036 (+ distal ventral spine and bristles). Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.0 (1.3, 0.6, 0.8, -, 1.3), I 9.6 (2.7, 1.1, 2.5, 2.3, 1.0), II 10.3 (2.9, 1.2, 2.8, 2.4, 1.0), III 9.1 (2.7, 1.0, 2.5, 2.0, 0.9), IV 9.7 (2.8, 1.1, 2.5, 2.3, 1.0). Palp as in diagnosis (palps of holotype are expanded). Embolus arising from 8 -o���clock-position on tegulum. Sperm duct running sub-marginally in tegulum. RTA arising basally to mesially from TI (Fig. 38). Prolateral claw of right leg III as in Fig. 43. Colour: Yellowish-brown, distal leg segments darker. DS with two broad dark lateral bands, these with dark radial markings inside and discontinuous by some bright patches; fovea only slightly marked. ST with margin slightly darker and with patches at CX. Frontal CC with longitudinal alternating bright and dark stripes. Ventral CX pale yellow with CX II���IV having each one larger spot; legs with median-sized spots and spine patches. TI with prolateral proximal patch, other parts without distinct pattern. Dorsal OS dark with irregular pattern, brighter around dark heart patch and with two distinct anterior dark patches; posterior half with indistinct white transverse bars; lateral and ventral OS with irregular pattern; ventral dark median band medially brighter (Fig. 42). Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (2 in Fig. 137). Relationships. In this species the arising point of the embolus is shifted proximad in comparison to the previously treated species. Therefore the embolus is longer, but not becoming filiform or tapering as in the group of species described above. According to the shape of the RTA the species may be related to the following species, P. bibulba (Xu and Yin, 2000)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Xu, X. & Yin, C. - M. (2000) [One new species of the genus Heteropoda from China (Araneae: Heteropoidae {sic!})]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 9, 37 - 39. [in Chinese with English abstract]"]}

Pseudopoda sp. cf. bibulba (Xu and Yin, 2000) Figs 55���59, 137 Material examined CHINA: Yunnan: 1 female (PJ 2158), Mengla County, Hsiao Meng Lun, 21 �� 55 ' N, 101 �� 15 ' E, Meng Xue Shihui Liu, 11 November 1988, Song Daxiang, # 30 (IOZ). Description. PL 4.6, PH 1.4, PW 4.0, AW 2.3, OL 4.5, OW 2.7. Lateral coils of internal duct system are very similar to those of P. bibulba, but the median part is not as long as in P. bibulba (Figs 55���58). Moreover, the anterior median margins of the lateral lobes do not exhibit the distinct bend as in P. bibulba and a distinct bright median band on the dorsal shield of the prosoma is missing. As no conspecific male is known and both localities are about 370 air kilometres apart, no statements on taxonomic status can be drawn and, therefore, the specimen is not described as a new species here. Relationships. See P. b i b u l b a., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Xu, X. & Yin, C. - M. (2000) [One new species of the genus Heteropoda from China (Araneae: Heteropoidae {sic!})]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 9, 37 - 39. [in Chinese with English abstract]"]}

Pseudopoda saetosa sp. n. Figs 16–23, 137 Type material: Holotype: male holotype (PJ 1928), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Gongshan County, Danzhu He drainage, 15.7 –16.0 air km SW of Gongshan, 2900–3100 m [27.627 °N, 98.592 °E to 27.622 °N 98.587 °E, Yunnan Province, China], 30 June – 5 July 2000, H.M. Yan, D. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick & D.Z. Dong (HNU). Paratypes: 2 males, 2 females (PJ 1926–1927, PJ 1929 – 30), same data as holotype (1 male, 1 female HNU; 1 male, 1 female CAS). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word ‘saetosus, -a, -um’, meaning ‘hirsute’, referring to the setae on the dorsal margin of the RTA; adjective. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. Species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 16–19) — 1. Embolus sickle-shaped, bent at a right angle (ventral view), 2. RTA with distinct setae on its dorsal margin (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 20–23) — With similar copulatory organ as P. contentio sp. n., but differs in the following characters: 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes straight, running more transversally (slightly bent and more diagonal in P. contentio sp. n.), 2. Internal duct system visible through cuticle in a ventral view as large rather circular patches (elongated patches in P. c o n t e n t i o sp. n.), 3. Posterior end of first winding of internal duct system hidden by a internal bulge (freely visible in P. contentio sp. n.), 4. Margin of first winding narrow (wider in P. contentio sp. n.). Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 3.7 (3.6– 3.7), PH 1.4 (1.3–1.7), PW 3.3 (3.1), AW 1.9 (1.8), OL 4.3 (3.8–4.1), OW 2.8 (2.5–2.7). Eyes: AME 0.19 (0.17), ALE 0.31 (0.25–0.27), PME 0.20 (0.17–0.18), PLE 0.27 (0.26), AME–AME 0.13 (0.13–0.16), AME– ALE 0.04 (0.04–0.05), PME–PME 0.24 (0.21–0.26), PME–PLE 0.29 (0.27–0.28), AME–PME 0.29 (0.24), ALE–PLE 0.22 (0.22–0.23), CH –AME 0.22 (0.23–0.25), CH –ALE 0.19 (0.20–0.23). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I–II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026, MT I–II 2024, III 3034, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 5.6 (5.3) [1.9,0.9,1.0,1.8], I 18.3 (17.0– 17.5) [4.6, 2.0, 5.1, 4.9, 1.7], II 19.9 (18.5) [5.2, 2.1, 5.5, 4.9, 1.6], III 16.7 (15.3–15.6) [4.5, 1.6, 4.7, 4.3, 1.6], IV 17.9 (16.8–17.1) [4.7, 1.6, 4.8, 5.1, 1.7]. Palp as in diagnosis. Retrolateral margin of cymbium almost straight (ventral view, Fig. 17), giving a somewhat triangular impression of cymbium. Embolus arising from a 10 -o’clock-position on the tegulum, short and widened, its tip pointing distally. Sperm duct broad, running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum (Fig. 17), bent in an acute angle at tegular bulge (prolateral view; Fig. 16). RTA arising basally from TI (Fig. 17). RTA similar to that of Pseudopoda gongschana sp. n., but having interspace between ventral and dorsal part larger and ovoid, and having dorsal finger-shaped part more slender. Dorsal RTA with 4–5 hairs on dorsal side of the apophysis. Setae on RTA as long as dorsal spine of TI (retrolateral view; Fig. 18). Colour: Yellowish-brown. DS and ST without distinct pattern. Some darker brown lines along the striae. CC yellowish-brown as DS. OS brown, brighter in anterior half, darker at posterior part. Legs uniformly yellowish-brown with some darker spine-patches. Spinnerets yellowish-brown but brighter than rest of the body. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.7 –4.0, PH 1.4–1.7, PW 3.2–3.6, AW 2.0– 2.2, OL 4.8–5.3, OW 3.1–3.4. Eyes: AME 0.14–0.18, ALE 0.26–0.29, PME 0.16–0.22, PLE 0.26–0.28, AME–AME 0.21– 0.26, AME–ALE 0.06–0.07, PME–PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.33–0.35, AME–PME 0.25–0.28, ALE–PLE 0.23– 0.26, CH –AME 0.33–0.41, CH –ALE 0.26–0.32. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I–II 323, III 322 (3), IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026; MT I–II 2024, III 3034, IV 3036. Measurement of palps and legs: PP 4.5–5.5 [1.5, 1.0, 1.3, 1.7], I 11.1–13.3 [3.7, 2.0, 5.1, 4.9, 1.7], II 13.4–15.2 [5.2, 2.1, 5.5, 5.3, 1.8], III 10.4–12.6 [3.7, 1.6, 3.0, 3.1, 1.2], IV 11.17– 13.98 [3.9, 1.5, 3.3, 3.9, 1.3]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long, with short or indistinct anterior bands. Lateral lobes touching each other along a distance at the median line. Posterior margins irregularly rounded (Figs 20, 22). Space between fertilisation ducts and first winding larger than width of first winding (Figs 21, 23). Colour: As in male, but generally darker. Variation. One female paratype (PJ 1926) with posterior OS having a broad white transversal band. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (5 in Fig. 137). Relationships. Embolus conformation in males is very similar to that of P. platembola and Pseudopoda sp. cf. platembola (Jäger 2001: figs 35 f-i; open square in Fig. 137). P. s a e t o s a sp. n. is distinguished by the RTA having its ventral part more strongly pronounced in comparison with its dorsal part. Additionally the transverse basal branch of the embolus is shorter in P. saetosa sp. n.

Pseudopoda gongschana sp. n. Figs 10���15, 137 Type material: Holotype: male (PJ 1933), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Gongshan County, Danzhu He drainage, 13.5 air km SSW of Gongshan, 2700 m [27.631 ��N, 98.621 ��E, Yunnan Province, China], 30 June ��� 5 July 2000, D. Kavanaugh, C. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick, H.M. Yan & D.Z. Dong (HNU). Paratypes: 26 males (PJ 1965 ���1967, 1972���1981, 1983��� 1995), 4 females (PJ 1934���1935, PJ 1963���1964), same data as holotype (13 males, 2 females HNU; 12 males, 2 females CAS; 2 males SMF). 4 males (PJ 2000���2003), Nujiang Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, No. 12, Bridge Camp area, 16.3 air km W of Gongshan, 2775 m [27.715 ��N, 98.502 ��E, Yunnan Province, China], 15���19 July 2000, H.M. Yan, D. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, H.B. Liang, D. Ubick & D.Z. Dong (2 males HNU; 2 males CAS). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to the type locality (Gongshan); adjective. Diagnosis. Small- to medium-sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 10���12) ��� 1. Embolus short and slightly bent, with triangular indentation close to tip (ventral view), 2. Interspace between dorsal and ventral RTA about the width of dorsal RTA (retrolateral view). Females (Figs 13���15) ��� 1. Anterior margins of lateral epigynal lobes semicircular, 2. Internal duct system visible through cuticle in ventral view as large circular patches in centre of lateral lobes. 3. Margins of first winding of internal duct system undulated. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratypes in parentheses): PL 5.0 (4.2��� 5.7), PH 1.8 (1.7���2.5), PW 4.4 (3.6���4.6), AW 2.5 (2.1���2.9), OL 5.7 (4.6���6.9), OW 3.9 (2.6���3.7). Eyes: AME 0.22 (0.22���0.26), ALE 0.34 (0.32���0.33), PME 0.26 (0.22���0.26), PLE 0.34 (0.27���0.33), AME���AME 0.17 (0.17���0.20), AME���ALE 0.09 (0.04���0.08), PME���PME 0.32 (0.26���0.33), PME���PLE 0.33 (0.31���0.33), AME��� PME 0.31 (0.22���0.30), ALE���PLE 0.25 (0.23���0.27), CH ���AME 0.37 (0.33���0.49), CH ���ALE 0.33 (0.28���0.43). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322 (323; n= 2), IV 331; PA I���II 101, III 101 (001), IV 000; TI I���II 2226, III 2226 ��� 2026, IV 2126; MT I���II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 8.6 (7.7 ���9.0) [2.8, 1.3, 1.6, 2.9], I 29.5 (29.3���31.1) [7.5, 2.6, 8.2, 8.6,2.6], II 32.3 (31.7��� 33.2) [8.3, 2.7, 9.1, 9.4, 2.8], III 26.9 (25.9���27.6) [7.2, 2.3, 7.6, 7.5, 2.3], IV 28.7 (27.8���29.7) [6.6, 2.5, 8.3, 8.6, 2.7]. Palp as in diagnosis. Cymbium with distinct retrolateral bulge. Embolus originating from 9 -o���clock-position on the tegulum (Fig. 11), slightly sickle-shaped (prolateral view, Fig. 10). Sperm duct running semi-marginally along retrolateral side of tegulum (Fig. 11), narrow at prolateral side and s-shaped on tegular bulge (prolateral view, Fig. 10). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with brown markings along the fovea and striae. CC reddish-brown and darker than rest of body. ST without distinct pattern. Dorsal OS dark brown with irregular darker patch, in posterior half with white transversal band. Legs yellowish-brown, bright at basal segments, distal segments darker. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 5.3���6.2, PH 2.2���2.5, PW 4.0��� 5.1, AW 2.9���3.2, OL 7.1 ���10.0, OW 4.6 ���8.0. Eyes: AME 0.23���0.28, ALE 0.35���0.42, PME 0.26���0.28, PLE 0.31���0.38, AME���AME 0.22��� 0.30, AME���ALE 0.04���0.08, PME���PME 0.33���0.41, PME���PLE 0.40���0.44, AME���PME 0.31���0.36, ALE���PLE 0.26���0.31, CH ���AME 0.42���0.75, CH ���ALE 0.35���0.69. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���III 323, IV 331; PA I���III 0 0 1 (101), IV 000; TI I���II 2226 (2126), III���IV 2226 (2026); MT I���II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 7.6���8.3 [2.3, 1.2, 1.6, 2.5], I 21.1���23.9 [5.9, 2.7, 6.4, 6.9, 2.0], II 22.0���25.0 [6.8, 2.9, 6.8, 6.4, 2.1], III 18.4���20.9 [5.9, 2.3, 5.5, 5.3, 1.9], IV 20.9���23.2 [6.2, 2.4, 6.1, 6.4, 2.1]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long. Epigyne with anterior margins of lateral lobes distinctly bent posteriolaterally. Lateral lobes touching each other only slightly, their posterior margins with median indentation. Dorsal part of lateral lobes extending in anterior half of vulva (Figs 13���15). Colour: As in male, but generally darker. Variation. Variable leg spination in PA I���III (101 in n= 18, 0 0 1 in n= 14) and TI (2226 in n=16, 2126 in n=15, 2026 in n= 1). Distribution. Known from two different localities in the Gongshan mountains in Yunnan Province (localities 4, 6 in Fig. 137). Relationships. Males are clearly similar to those of the two previous species. According to the shape of the anterior margins of lateral lobes as well as the size and shape of the globular structures of the internal duct system (ventral view) females are similar to that one recorded from N-Myanmar, illustrated by J��ger (2001: figs 35 j���l). The latter specimen could not be assigned unambiguously to one of the two males collected with it (P. platembola J��ger, 2001; Pseudopoda sp. cf. platembola). Compare also relationships of P. saetosa sp. n., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda obtusa sp. n. Figs 91���96, 137 Type material. Holotype: male (PJ 2093), Baoshan Prefecture, pass over Gaoligongshan at 2003m, Luoshuidong, 28 air km E Teng Chong, native forest [24 �� 57 'N, 98 �� 45 'E, Yunnan Province, China], 26���31 October 1998, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh, C.-L. Long (HNU). Paratypes: 1 male (PJ 2094), 4 females (PJ 2095���2098), same data as holotype (2 females HNU; 1 male, 1 female CAS; 1 female SMF). Etymology. The specific name refers to the blunt distal tip of RTA, derived from the Latin word ���obtusus���, meaning ���blunt���; adjective. Diagnosis. Small sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 91���93) ��� 1. Embolus with 2 tooth-like projections, one subdistally, another on prolateral part, 2. RTA similar to that of Pseudopoda amelia sp. n., but with small hump on basal ventral margin (ventral view). Females (Figs 95���96) ��� 1. Anterior margins of lateral lobes distinctly bent, lateral parts undulated and pointing 45 �� anteriolaterally, 2. Internal ducts appearing as transversal ovoid patches in ventral view, 3. Interspace between fertilisation ducts and first winding about the same distance as that between fertilisation ducts. Description. Male (measurements of holotype first, those for paratype in parentheses): PL 3.2 (3.1), PH 1.6 (1.7), PW 2.8 (2.6), AW 1.7 (1.6), OL 3.1 (3.3), OW 2.1 (2.1). Eyes: AME 0.13 (0.13), ALE 0.31 (0.25), PME 0.20 (0.19), PLE 0.29 (0.30), AME���AME 0.12 (0.14), AME���ALE 0.04 (0.04), PME���PME 0.21 (0.20), PME���PLE 0.28 (0.26), AME���PME 0.28 (0.24), ALE���PLE 0.25 (0.22), CH ���AME 0.25 (0.24), CH ��� ALE 0.21 (0.19). Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA 001; TI 2026; MT I 1004 (2024), II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 4.4 (4.3) [1.4, 0.7, 0.8, 1.5], I 10.8 (10.7) [3.0, 1.4, 2.8, 2.6, 1.0], II 11.6 (11.2) [3.2, 1.5, 3.0, 2.9, 1.0], III 10.2 (9.9) [3.0, 1.3, 2.5, 2.5, 0.9], IV 11.0 (10.9) [3.1, 1.1, 2.8, 3.0, 1.0]. Palp as in diagnosis. Embolus arising from 9 -o���clock-position on tegulum, widened at its median part; curved distal part narrow, pointing prolaterally. Only parts of sperm duct visible. RTA arising basally from TI, without distal projection, shorter than P. a m e l i a sp. n., not reaching base of cymbium; its distal tip with 2 indistinct humps (Figs 91���93). Colour: DS yellowish-brown with distinct pattern: margins with dark longitudinal bands, these divided by distinct thin discontinuous bright line (Fig. 94). ST with irregular patches. CC same colour as DS. OS brown with same pattern as in P. contentio sp. n., but less distinct: anterior part of dorsal OS with bright patch and a reddish-brown heart patch inside. Appendages yellowish-brown with brown spine patches. Female (measurements of paratypes): PL 3.4���3.5, PH 1.6���1.9, PW 2.8���2.9, AW 1.8���1.9, OL 3.9���4.1, OW 2.1���3.2. Eyes: AME 0.13���0.18, ALE 0.27���0.29, PME 0.20���0.22, PLE 0.28���0.30, AME���AME 0.15��� 0.17, AME���ALE 0.05, PME���PME 0.21���0.24, PME���PLE 0.29���0.30, AME���PME 0.24���0.28, ALE���PLE 0.25��� 0.27, CH ���AME 0.23���0.28, CH ���ALE 0.18���0.21. Leg formula: 2413. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2121, 1014; FE I���II 323, III 322, IV 331; PA I���III 0 0 1, IV 0 0 0 (001); TI 2026; MT I���II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurement of palps and legs: PP 4.3���4.4 [1.2, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5], I 9.2���9.6 [2.7, 1.4, 2.6, 2.2, 0.7], II 9.6���10.1 [3.1, 1.4, 2.5, 2.3, 0.8], III 8.7 ���9.0 [2.7, 1.2, 2.3, 2.0, 0.8], IV 9.7 ���10.0 [3.0, 1.2, 2.4, 2.5, 0.9]. Copulatory organ as in diagnosis. Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin indistinct and hardly recognisable. Lateral lobes narrower than in other Pseudopoda spp. (Fig. 95). Posterior part of first winding of internal duct system covered by lateral lobes (dorsal view, Fig. 96). Colour: As in male, but slightly darker and with more distinct pattern. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (9 in Fig. 137)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225

Pseudopoda interposita sp. n. Figs 7–9, 137 Type material: Holotype: male (PJ 2161), Nujiang County, Zhon Lushui Xian [Yunnan Province, China], 5 June 1981, Yao Jiaping (IOZ). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin participle ‘interpositus, -a, -um’, meaning ‘being situated in between’, and refers to its assumed systematic position between P. gongshana and P. sinapophysis; adjective. Diagnosis. Medium-sized Heteropodinae. The species may be recognised by the following combination of characters: Males (Figs 7–9) — 1. Cymbium elongated in comparison to other Pseudopoda spp., but slightly wider than in P. sinapophysis, 2. Embolus thin, base straight, tip bent at a right angle, distal part separated into two parts, 3. RTA with long and thin finger-like dorsal part. Description. Male (measurements of the holotype): PL 4.5, PH 1.8, PW 4.1, AW 2.2, OL 5.6, OW 3.3. Eyes: AME 0.23, ALE 0.35, PME 0.26, PLE 0.33, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.31, AME–PME 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.22, CH –AME 0.23, CH –ALE 0 21. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: PP 131, 101, 2101; FE I 323, II–III 322, IV 331; PA I–III 101, IV 000; TI I–II 2228, III 2226, IV 2126; MT I–II 3034, III–IV 3036. Measurements of palps and legs: PP 7.8 [2.3, 1.3, 1.6, 2.6], I 25.3 [6.0, 2.3, 7.4, 7.6, 2.0], II 27.2 [6.3, 2.5, 8.0, 8.2, 2.2], III 19.7 [5.5, 2.1, 5.1, 5.3, 1.7], IV 21.2 [5.8, 2.0, 5.5, 6.1, 1.8]. Palp as in diagnosis. Cymbium slightly elongated but not as strong as in P. sinapophysis. Embolus, arising from 10 -o’clock-position on tegulum and slightly “S” curved. Distal part bent at right angle pointing retrolaterally, tip bifurcate. Sperm duct running submarginally on retrolateral tegulum, becoming narrower at the embolus. RTA arising medially from TI, ventral finger-like part pointing retrolaterally (Figs 7–9). Colour: DS yellowish-brown, with fovea slightly darker. ST without distinct pattern. CC same colour as DS. OS uniformly bright brown, brighter in anterior half, without distinct pattern. Legs yellowish-brown, brighter at FE, getting darker towards distal segments (especially TA). Appendages with some irregular dark spine patches. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (8 in Fig. 137). Relationships. According to the shape of the embolus and RTA this new species may be closely related to P. gongschana sp. n. The degree of elongation of the cymbium places this species intermediate between P. sinapophysis sp. n. and P. gongschana sp. n. If the elongation would be due to adaptation to cave habitats, it had to be considered only as a secondary character for a phylogenetic analysis.

Pseudopoda yunnanensis (Yang and Hu, 2001) comb. n. Figs 60���62, 137 Sinopoda yunnanensis Yang and Hu, 2001: 18, figs 1���3 (male holotype, Dali, Cangshan, 25 �� 47 'N, 99 �� 57 'E, Yunnan Province, China, 6 June 1999, Z. Yang, LSSU; 1 male paratype with same data as holotype, LSSU; 1 male paratype with same data as holotype, DBDNC). Types were requested, but without success; not examined. Diagnosis. Small-sized Heteropodinae. Males can be recognised by the following combination of characters (Figs 60���62): 1. Embolus long, slightly s-shaped, 2. RTA arising basally from TI, with characteristic tip of dorsal part. Description. Male (holotype). PL 4.3, PW 3.5, OL 4.7, OW 3.1. Embolus arising in 7.30 -o���clock-position from tegulum (Fig 88). For further description see Yang and Hu (2001). Females unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality (11 in Fig. 137). According to GPS data given in the original description, the species occurs about 20 km NW of the type localities of P. rivicola sp. n., P. cangschana sp. n. and P. daliensis sp. n. The latter species are abundant on the east side of the 4000 m high Cang Shan mountain chain (in direction of the lake Er Hai), whereas P. yunnanensis comb. n. was recorded in the valley of Yangbi. High mountains as isolating barriers are known from Nepal-Himalaya (J��ger 2001), although few Pseudopoda species live in altitudes of 3800 m. Relationships. Yang and Hu (2001) placed this species in Sinopoda J��ger, 1999 and compared it with S. altissima (Hu & Li 1987). From the illustrations it is clear that males do not exhibit one of the characteristic structures of the male palp of Sinopoda spp. On the contrary, the conformation of the embolus and the RTA clearly show congenerity with Pseudopoda. From its simple embolus the species could have affinities to P. bibulba and P. yinae sp. n., however, the arising point in P. yunnanensis comb. n. is shifted considerably to the proximal part of the tegulum. Similar forms are known to the senior author from Gongga Shan, Sichuan. Species of this Chinese Province will be treated in a separate publication., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Yang, Z. - Z. & Hu, J. - L. (2001) [A new species of the genus Sinopoda from China (Araneae: Heteropodidae)]. Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 10, 18 - 20. [in Chinese with English abstract]"]}

Genus Pseudopoda J��ger, 2000 For diagnoses and descriptions of family, subfamily and genus see J��ger (1998, 2001) and J��ger and Ono (2000). For description of species groups see J��ger (2001). Species are listed in the order of species groups proposed by J��ger (2001). This system is not a result of a thorough phylogenetic investigation, but in compliance with the degree of complexity of the male embolus. Therefore some of the simple conformations in male emboli may be explained as secondary reductions. Species groups as recognised by J��ger (2001) are discussed with respect to the new results of this study (see Discussion)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2007, Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 1623 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179225, {"references":["Jager, P. (2000) Two new heteropodine genera from southern continental Asia (Araneae: Sparassidae). Acta Arachnologica, 49, 61 - 71."]}

Pseudopoda schwendingeri ��group At present only two species from northern Thailand are known from this species��group: Pseudopoda hirsuta J��ger 2001 and P. schwendingeri J��ger 2001. Males are recognizable by their median to distal arising point of the retrolateral apophysis on the tibia and from the short embolus (J��ger 2001: fig. 30). Lateral lobes of female epigynes extend almost totally beyond the epigastric furrow (J��ger 2001: fig. 31). Close relationship with both representatives of this species group is supported by the arising point and shape of the retrolateral apophysis, short embolus and the small size (ca. 6.8 millimeters body length). However, the new species is not only distinguished by its genitalia but also by the presence of only two foveal bristles. In contrast, the other two species have four foveal bristles, by which pattern both species are distinguished (J��ger 2001: fig. 33). The altitude at which the new species was found corresponds to former findings. Distribution range of the species group is extended considerably to the East. According to the new record, representatives may by expected to occur in northern Laos and southern China., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2005, Pseudopoda fissa sp. nov. ��� first record of the genus from Vietnam (Araneae: Sparassidae), pp. 1-5 in Zootaxa 837 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170691

Pseudopoda fissa sp. nov. Figs. 1–8 Type material. Male holotype (PJ 1739), with label: Pseudopoda, Vietnam: Sa­Pa Province, Fan­Si­Pan [summit: 22 ° 19 ' N; 103 ° 46 ' E], tropical cloud forest, 2000 m, without date, D.A. Krivolutsky leg., (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm). Fan Si Pan, Vietnam Diagnosis. ɗɗ Embolus short, distally divided into a hook (part containing sperm duct) and an additional stout apex (Fig. 4). Ventral part of retrolateral apophysis pointed (ventral view; Fig. 2). Description. Male holotype. Prosoma length 3.4, prosoma width 3.1, anterior width of prosoma 1.6, prosoma height 1.2, opisthosoma length 3.4, opisthosoma width 2.0. Eyes: AME 0.15, ALE 0.29, PME 0.22, PLE 0.29, AME­AME 0.09, AME­ALE 0.05, PME­ PME 0.21, PME­PLE 0.28, AME­PME 0.27, ALE­PLE 0.24, clypeus height at AME 0.28, clypeus height at ALE 0.21. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131,101,2111,2110, legs: femur I­III 323, IV 331, patella I­III 101, IV 0 0 1, tibia I­II 2226, III­IV 2126, metatarsus I­II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.3 (1.7, 0.9, 1.1, ­, 1.6), I 17.7 (4.5, 1.7, 5.1, 4.5, 1.9), II 19.2 (5.2, 1.8, 5.5, 4.8, 1.9), III 14.8 (4.2, 1.4, 4.1, 3.8, 1.3), IV 16.5 (4.6, 1.4, 4.4, 4.5, 1.6). Embolus arising in a 9 ­o’clock­position, conductor in a 12 ­o’clock­position on the tegulum. Sperm duct undulated, running along the margin of the tegulum. Retrolateral apophysis arising medially to distally on the tibia. Cymbium with two prolateral spines, one dorsal and one retrolateral spine (Figs. 1–3). Color (from preserved specimens in ethanol): Pale yellowish­brown with distinct pattern. Dorsal shield of prosoma with dark fovea and radial bands, these fragmented into single spots (Fig. 5–6). Two bristles in front of fovea (Fig. 6). Posterior part of dorsal shield with dark margin. Chelicerae with only three slightly marked longitudinal rows of patches and bristles. Legs with small spots and spine patches on femora and tibiae. Median spine patch of femur largest. Additional patch prolaterally at base of tibia. Sternum, labium and gnathocoxae without pattern. Opisthosoma with posterior half darker. Muscle sigillae darkly marked, with a dark transversal bar behind. Lateral sides of opisthosoma with irregular patches (Fig. 7). Ventral opisthosoma with four single dark spots in its anterior half, these spots form a trapezium. Trapezoid patch in front of the spinnerets (Fig. 8). Anterior spinnerets dorsally dark. Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type­locality. Etymology. The specific name refers to the divided tip of the embolus (Latin: fissus from findere means divided); adjective.

Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. Figs. 1 – 23 Type material. ɗ holotype (PJ 2177), with label: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., 5 km N of Luang Nam Tha, 597m, N 21 °01.201´, E 101 ° 24.632, secondary forest, vegetation, rocks, soil, beside road, at night, by hand, P. Jäger & V. Vedel leg. 8.11. 2004. 1 ɗ paratype (PJ 2178), with same data as holotype. 1 Ψ paratype (PJ 2179), with same data as holotype. 6 Ψ paratypes (PJ 2180–2185), with same data as holotype. 1 ɗ paratype (PJ 2186), with same data as holotype except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 132. 1 Ψ paratype (PJ 2187), with label: Laos, Vientiane Prov., N Vang Vieng, Ban Phoxay, 260m, N 19 °00.731´, E 102 ° 26.766´, vegetation on slopes along the road, at night, by hand, P. Jäger & V. Vedel leg. 17.11. 2004, SD 147. 1 Ψ paratype (PJ 2188), with same data as holotype, except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 134. 1 Ψ paratype (PJ 2189), with same data as holotype, except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 135. 1 ɗ paratype (PJ 2193), with label: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., Muang Sing, Nam Ha Protected Area, 745m, N 21 °08.075´, E 101 ° 11.991´, secondary forest, along path, at night, by hand, P. Jäger & V. Vedel leg. 6.11. 2004, SD 130. 1 Ψ paratype (PJ 2190), with label as previous, but: slope at street, leave litter, bank at stream, under stones, day and night, P. Jäger & V. Vedel leg. 4.11. 2004, SD 123. All types in SMF. Additional material examined: Heteropoda javana— 25 Ψ syntypes (PJ 1675, 1679 – 1702), 2 subadult Ψ (PJ 1703 – 1704) and 4 ɗ specimens (PJ 1674, 1676 – 1678) (both latter series are not considered types), with label: Club[ionidae]. Heteropodeae, Panaretus javanus E. S. Java, Zueda, M. Palabuan etc. (Fr[ruehstorfer?], MNHN 1677 ­ 290. 1 Ψ (PJ 141), with label: Sumatra: Fort de Kock, XII. 1912, leg. E. Jacobson, SMF. 1 Ψ (PJ 648), with label: Sumatra, Balighe, 0 0 3., Sparassidae, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 100), with label: Serapai Kerintji [Mount Kerinci], Sumatra, leg. E. Jacobson, SMF 8559. 4 ɗ (PJ 590 – 593), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, Jacobson [sub H. venatoria], NHMW. 1 ɗ (PJ 890), with label: Indonesia, Sumatra, Padang, the hill with the Chinese cemtery, 21.5. 1994, P. Beron et V. Beshkov leg., Coll. Deeleman. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 84), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, SMF 12974. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 1741), with label: Penang, March 1898, Heteropoda sp., BM 98.9. 15.15, 43, NHM. Heteropoda sp. — 2 Ψ (PJ 288), with label: Vietnam, Hang Bai Khang Island, 2.4. 1987, in a hollow, leg. V.V. J a n u s h e v, Z M U M. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 2191), Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, Frank Schneider ded. 2004, SMF. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 624), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei­Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 625), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei­Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 622), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei­Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 53), with label: Siberut, Sumatra, Mentawai­Inseln, SMF. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 112), with label: Sumatra, geschenkt vom Lipp[ischen] Lande[es]mus[eum] Detmold, 17.6. 1954, Postdirektor Mecke leg., SMF. Heteropoda sp. — 3 ɗ (PJ 473 – 475), with label: Sumatra, Si Rambé, Modigliani, NHMW. 1 ɗ (PJ 632) with label: Sumatra, Si Rambé, 0 16, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 658), with label: Si Rambé, Sumatra, 0 30, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 2192), with label: Gunong Pulai, Coll. Rae Sherriffs, Tilg. Nr. 27.9. 1962, 302, ZMUC. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 1747), 2 Ψ (PJ 1748 – 1749), with label: Sumatra, Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, Heteropoda, MNHN. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 1750), 4 Ψ (PJ 1751 – 1754), 2 subadult ɗ, 7 immatures, with label: Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, sub: Heteropoda mediocris E. Simon, val. sp. aff., E. Simon det., MNHN. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 1755), with label: Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, sub: Heteropoda mediocris E. Simon, val. sp. aff., E. Simon det., MNHN. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 589), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, Jacobson, sub: Heteropoda venatoria, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. — 1 ɗ (PJ 155), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, RII 13663 / 225, SMF. Heteropoda sp. — 1 Ψ (PJ 644), with label: Sumatra, Padang, 0 31, NHMW. Etymology. In honour of Mrs Dagmar Rhomberg for supporting the systematic research, description of biodiversity and nature conservation in Laos; noun in genitive case. Diagnosis. Large spiders (15 – 20 mm body length). Distinguishable from other representatives of the Heteropoda javana ­group by the following combination of characters: Male with RTA broad, pointing retrolatero­distally, without additional apophysis on its proximal part. Basal apophysis of conductor about as half as long as conductor length. Embolus arising in a 6 ­o’clock­position on tegulum. Female internal duct system with only one winding before turning point; lateral lobes distinctly extended beyond epigastric furrow; median septum somewhat penta­ to hexagonal (not anchorshaped as in H. javana). Description. Male (holotype first, paratype PJ 2178 in parantheses). Prosoma length 7.6 (7.5), prosoma width 6.7 (6.7), anterior width of prosoma 3.9 (3.8), prosoma height 3.0 (2.9), opisthosoma length 8.1 (8.2), opisthosoma width 4.9 (4.8). Eyes: AME 0.43 (0.41), ALE 0.56 (0.56), PME 0.43 (0.40), PLE 0.53 (0.54), AME – AME 0.31 (0.30), AME – ALE 0.08 (0.08), PME – PME 0.42 (0.43), PME – PLE 0.56 (0.54), AME – PME 0.51 (0.53), ALE – PLE 0.50 (0.51), clypeus height at AME 0.42 (0.39), clypeus height at ALE 0.41 (0.38). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2101 legs: femur I – III 323, IV 331, patella II – III 101, IV 0 0 1, tibia I – II 2226, III – IV 2126, metatarsus I – II 1014, III 2014, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.9 (10.7) [3.9, 1.8, 1.6, 3.6], I 32.3 (31.9) [8.9, 4.1, 8.8, 8.2, 2.3], II 34.1 (34.5) [9.6, 4.1, 9.4, 8.4, 2.6], III 27.1 (26.6) [7.4, 3.7, 7.4, 6.6, 2.0], IV 28.7 (28.8) [8.3, 3.1, 7.5, 7.5, 2.3]. Male palp with RTA arising basally to medially on tibia, with dorsal incision in distal half; its distal part with blunt tip; its proximal part ventrally with long furrow. Cymbium with distinct retrolateral bulge. Conductor arising in an 11 ­o’clock­position on tegulum. Embolus running a semi­circle. Conductor with acute apophysis at its base. Sperm­duct distinctly sinuous. Cheliceral furrow with denticles extended to distal part close to distal retromarginal tooth. Colouration: Generally greyish­brown with darker or brighter pattern, which consisting of hairs. Chelicerae with distal half black, with only few hairs and bristles; proximal half with bright hairs. Legs with dark patches on dorsal femora around the spines, mostly fused. Bright spine patches within the dark pattern. Posterior half of opisthosoma with scarce long white hairs and a triangular white patch. Sternum, coxae, labium and median band of ventral opisthosoma black. Female (measurements of 2 paratypes: PJ 2179, 2187). Prosoma length 9.1, prosoma width 7.5 – 8.3, anterior width of prosoma 4.9 – 5.6, prosoma height 2.9 – 3.3, opisthosoma length 8.2 – 11.0, opisthosoma width 6.3 – 7.2. Eyes: AME 0.41, ALE 0.62 – 0.64, PME 0.41 – 0.46, PLE 0.58 – 0.61, AME­AME 0.33, AME­ALE 0.99 – 0.10, PME­PME 0.46 – 0.52, PME­PLE 0.56 – 0.61, AME­PME 0.59 – 0.61, ALE­PLE 0.59 – 0.63, clypeus height at AME 0.41 – 0.52, clypeus height at ALE 0.34 – 0.44. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014 legs: femur I – II 323, III 322 (3), IV 331, Patella I 0(1)01, II – III 101, IV 0(1)01, tibia 2026, metatarsus I – II 1014, III 2014, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.7 – 12.2 [3.6 – 3.8, 1.9 – 2.0, 2.4 – 2.6, 3.8], I 28.4 – 29.8 [8.1 – 8.5, 4.1 – 4.3, 7.7 – 8.0, 6.4 – 6.8, 2.1 – 2.2], II 30.7 – 31.4 [9.1 – 9.5, 4.2, 8.2 – 8.5, 7.0 – 7.1, 2.1 – 2.2], III 25.5 – 25.8 [7.7 – 7.9, 3.3 – 3.6, 6.7 – 6.8, 5.6, 2.0 – 2.1], IV 26.4 – 27.7 [8.2 – 8.4, 3.0 – 3.4, 6.8 – 7.0, 6.3 – 6.7, 2.1 – 2.2]. Female with anterior bands of epigyne included in epigynal field, the latter with a number of muscle attachment points. Median septum freely visible, of somewhat penta­ to hexagonal shape and pointed at its posterior margin (Figs. 11, 15 – 16). Lateral lobes running diagonally, pointing to median line behind epigastric furrow. Epigyne without slit sense organs close to or within epigynal field. First windings of internal duct system running from the median line anterolaterally. Cheliceral furrow with denticles extended to intrasegmental membrane of fang. Palpal claw with 5 teeth. Colouration: As in male, but with less distinct pattern. Variation. Prosoma length of females varies between 6.7 and 9.3, prosoma of the third paratype male is 8.2. Dorsal margin of male RTA may vary in shape (Figs. 2, 7). Epigynal field of female may vary in shape and may exhibit a different number of muscle attachment points as well as differently shaped anterior bands (Figs. 11, 15 – 16). Median septum of epigyne may vary in shape and relative position, thus lateral lobes may appear longer or shorter. Anterior width of median septum may vary also. Slight variation may occur in the internal duct system (Figs. 13, 17). Bright patch in posterior half of opisthosoma can be less conspicuous or missing. Biology. Individuals of Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. are nocturnal spiders. They were found in (secondary) forests ambushing in most cases on leaves of shrubs, trees or bamboo usually 2 – 4 metres above the ground. However, one female (PJ 2190) was found in the night close to the ground between the stalks of a smaller bamboo plant. In contrast to other Heteropoda species caught in Laos, individuals of the new species were quite aggressive and have bitten the two authors in their fingers, which was moderately painful but without any serious symptoms afterwards except for a small redness. Distribution. Northern and Central Laos: Luang Nam Tha Prov. (Luang Nam Tha = type locality; Muang Sing), Vientiane Province (Vang Vieng).

Pseudopoda fissa sp. nov. Figs. 1���8 Type material. Male holotype (PJ 1739), with label: Pseudopoda, Vietnam: Sa��Pa Province, Fan��Si��Pan [summit: 22 �� 19 ' N; 103 �� 46 ' E], tropical cloud forest, 2000 m, without date, D.A. Krivolutsky leg., (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm). Fan Si Pan, Vietnam Diagnosis. ���� Embolus short, distally divided into a hook (part containing sperm duct) and an additional stout apex (Fig. 4). Ventral part of retrolateral apophysis pointed (ventral view; Fig. 2). Description. Male holotype. Prosoma length 3.4, prosoma width 3.1, anterior width of prosoma 1.6, prosoma height 1.2, opisthosoma length 3.4, opisthosoma width 2.0. Eyes: AME 0.15, ALE 0.29, PME 0.22, PLE 0.29, AME��AME 0.09, AME��ALE 0.05, PME�� PME 0.21, PME��PLE 0.28, AME��PME 0.27, ALE��PLE 0.24, clypeus height at AME 0.28, clypeus height at ALE 0.21. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131,101,2111,2110, legs: femur I��III 323, IV 331, patella I��III 101, IV 0 0 1, tibia I��II 2226, III��IV 2126, metatarsus I��II 2024, III 3024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.3 (1.7, 0.9, 1.1, ��, 1.6), I 17.7 (4.5, 1.7, 5.1, 4.5, 1.9), II 19.2 (5.2, 1.8, 5.5, 4.8, 1.9), III 14.8 (4.2, 1.4, 4.1, 3.8, 1.3), IV 16.5 (4.6, 1.4, 4.4, 4.5, 1.6). Embolus arising in a 9 ��o���clock��position, conductor in a 12 ��o���clock��position on the tegulum. Sperm duct undulated, running along the margin of the tegulum. Retrolateral apophysis arising medially to distally on the tibia. Cymbium with two prolateral spines, one dorsal and one retrolateral spine (Figs. 1���3). Color (from preserved specimens in ethanol): Pale yellowish��brown with distinct pattern. Dorsal shield of prosoma with dark fovea and radial bands, these fragmented into single spots (Fig. 5���6). Two bristles in front of fovea (Fig. 6). Posterior part of dorsal shield with dark margin. Chelicerae with only three slightly marked longitudinal rows of patches and bristles. Legs with small spots and spine patches on femora and tibiae. Median spine patch of femur largest. Additional patch prolaterally at base of tibia. Sternum, labium and gnathocoxae without pattern. Opisthosoma with posterior half darker. Muscle sigillae darkly marked, with a dark transversal bar behind. Lateral sides of opisthosoma with irregular patches (Fig. 7). Ventral opisthosoma with four single dark spots in its anterior half, these spots form a trapezium. Trapezoid patch in front of the spinnerets (Fig. 8). Anterior spinnerets dorsally dark. Female: unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type��locality. Etymology. The specific name refers to the divided tip of the embolus (Latin: fissus from findere means divided); adjective., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2005, Pseudopoda fissa sp. nov. ��� first record of the genus from Vietnam (Araneae: Sparassidae), pp. 1-5 in Zootaxa 837 on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170691

Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. Figs. 1 ��� 23 Type material. �� holotype (PJ 2177), with label: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., 5 km N of Luang Nam Tha, 597m, N 21 ��01.201��, E 101 �� 24.632, secondary forest, vegetation, rocks, soil, beside road, at night, by hand, P. J��ger & V. Vedel leg. 8.11. 2004. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2178), with same data as holotype. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2179), with same data as holotype. 6 �� paratypes (PJ 2180���2185), with same data as holotype. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2186), with same data as holotype except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 132. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2187), with label: Laos, Vientiane Prov., N Vang Vieng, Ban Phoxay, 260m, N 19 ��00.731��, E 102 �� 26.766��, vegetation on slopes along the road, at night, by hand, P. J��ger & V. Vedel leg. 17.11. 2004, SD 147. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2188), with same data as holotype, except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 134. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2189), with same data as holotype, except for: 7.11. 2004, SD 135. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2193), with label: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov., Muang Sing, Nam Ha Protected Area, 745m, N 21 ��08.075��, E 101 �� 11.991��, secondary forest, along path, at night, by hand, P. J��ger & V. Vedel leg. 6.11. 2004, SD 130. 1 �� paratype (PJ 2190), with label as previous, but: slope at street, leave litter, bank at stream, under stones, day and night, P. J��ger & V. Vedel leg. 4.11. 2004, SD 123. All types in SMF. Additional material examined: Heteropoda javana��� 25 �� syntypes (PJ 1675, 1679 ��� 1702), 2 subadult �� (PJ 1703 ��� 1704) and 4 �� specimens (PJ 1674, 1676 ��� 1678) (both latter series are not considered types), with label: Club[ionidae]. Heteropodeae, Panaretus javanus E. S. Java, Zueda, M. Palabuan etc. (Fr[ruehstorfer?], MNHN 1677 �� 290. 1 �� (PJ 141), with label: Sumatra: Fort de Kock, XII. 1912, leg. E. Jacobson, SMF. 1 �� (PJ 648), with label: Sumatra, Balighe, 0 0 3., Sparassidae, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 100), with label: Serapai Kerintji [Mount Kerinci], Sumatra, leg. E. Jacobson, SMF 8559. 4 �� (PJ 590 ��� 593), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, Jacobson [sub H. venatoria], NHMW. 1 �� (PJ 890), with label: Indonesia, Sumatra, Padang, the hill with the Chinese cemtery, 21.5. 1994, P. Beron et V. Beshkov leg., Coll. Deeleman. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 84), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, SMF 12974. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 1741), with label: Penang, March 1898, Heteropoda sp., BM 98.9. 15.15, 43, NHM. Heteropoda sp. ��� 2 �� (PJ 288), with label: Vietnam, Hang Bai Khang Island, 2.4. 1987, in a hollow, leg. V.V. J a n u s h e v, Z M U M. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 2191), Malaysia, Cameron Highlands, Frank Schneider ded. 2004, SMF. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 624), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei��Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 625), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei��Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 622), with label: Sereinu, Mentavei��Inseln, 0 0 2., NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 53), with label: Siberut, Sumatra, Mentawai��Inseln, SMF. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 112), with label: Sumatra, geschenkt vom Lipp[ischen] Lande[es]mus[eum] Detmold, 17.6. 1954, Postdirektor Mecke leg., SMF. Heteropoda sp. ��� 3 �� (PJ 473 ��� 475), with label: Sumatra, Si Ramb��, Modigliani, NHMW. 1 �� (PJ 632) with label: Sumatra, Si Ramb��, 0 16, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 658), with label: Si Ramb��, Sumatra, 0 30, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 2192), with label: Gunong Pulai, Coll. Rae Sherriffs, Tilg. Nr. 27.9. 1962, 302, ZMUC. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 1747), 2 �� (PJ 1748 ��� 1749), with label: Sumatra, Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, Heteropoda, MNHN. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 1750), 4 �� (PJ 1751 ��� 1754), 2 subadult ��, 7 immatures, with label: Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, sub: Heteropoda mediocris E. Simon, val. sp. aff., E. Simon det., MNHN. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 1755), with label: Benkalis, Maurice Maindron, 1885, sub: Heteropoda mediocris E. Simon, val. sp. aff., E. Simon det., MNHN. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 589), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, Jacobson, sub: Heteropoda venatoria, NHMW. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 155), with label: Sumatra, Fort de Kock, RII 13663 / 225, SMF. Heteropoda sp. ��� 1 �� (PJ 644), with label: Sumatra, Padang, 0 31, NHMW. Etymology. In honour of Mrs Dagmar Rhomberg for supporting the systematic research, description of biodiversity and nature conservation in Laos; noun in genitive case. Diagnosis. Large spiders (15 ��� 20 mm body length). Distinguishable from other representatives of the Heteropoda javana ��group by the following combination of characters: Male with RTA broad, pointing retrolatero��distally, without additional apophysis on its proximal part. Basal apophysis of conductor about as half as long as conductor length. Embolus arising in a 6 ��o���clock��position on tegulum. Female internal duct system with only one winding before turning point; lateral lobes distinctly extended beyond epigastric furrow; median septum somewhat penta�� to hexagonal (not anchorshaped as in H. javana). Description. Male (holotype first, paratype PJ 2178 in parantheses). Prosoma length 7.6 (7.5), prosoma width 6.7 (6.7), anterior width of prosoma 3.9 (3.8), prosoma height 3.0 (2.9), opisthosoma length 8.1 (8.2), opisthosoma width 4.9 (4.8). Eyes: AME 0.43 (0.41), ALE 0.56 (0.56), PME 0.43 (0.40), PLE 0.53 (0.54), AME ��� AME 0.31 (0.30), AME ��� ALE 0.08 (0.08), PME ��� PME 0.42 (0.43), PME ��� PLE 0.56 (0.54), AME ��� PME 0.51 (0.53), ALE ��� PLE 0.50 (0.51), clypeus height at AME 0.42 (0.39), clypeus height at ALE 0.41 (0.38). Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2101 legs: femur I ��� III 323, IV 331, patella II ��� III 101, IV 0 0 1, tibia I ��� II 2226, III ��� IV 2126, metatarsus I ��� II 1014, III 2014, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 10.9 (10.7) [3.9, 1.8, 1.6, 3.6], I 32.3 (31.9) [8.9, 4.1, 8.8, 8.2, 2.3], II 34.1 (34.5) [9.6, 4.1, 9.4, 8.4, 2.6], III 27.1 (26.6) [7.4, 3.7, 7.4, 6.6, 2.0], IV 28.7 (28.8) [8.3, 3.1, 7.5, 7.5, 2.3]. Male palp with RTA arising basally to medially on tibia, with dorsal incision in distal half; its distal part with blunt tip; its proximal part ventrally with long furrow. Cymbium with distinct retrolateral bulge. Conductor arising in an 11 ��o���clock��position on tegulum. Embolus running a semi��circle. Conductor with acute apophysis at its base. Sperm��duct distinctly sinuous. Cheliceral furrow with denticles extended to distal part close to distal retromarginal tooth. Colouration: Generally greyish��brown with darker or brighter pattern, which consisting of hairs. Chelicerae with distal half black, with only few hairs and bristles; proximal half with bright hairs. Legs with dark patches on dorsal femora around the spines, mostly fused. Bright spine patches within the dark pattern. Posterior half of opisthosoma with scarce long white hairs and a triangular white patch. Sternum, coxae, labium and median band of ventral opisthosoma black. Female (measurements of 2 paratypes: PJ 2179, 2187). Prosoma length 9.1, prosoma width 7.5 ��� 8.3, anterior width of prosoma 4.9 ��� 5.6, prosoma height 2.9 ��� 3.3, opisthosoma length 8.2 ��� 11.0, opisthosoma width 6.3 ��� 7.2. Eyes: AME 0.41, ALE 0.62 ��� 0.64, PME 0.41 ��� 0.46, PLE 0.58 ��� 0.61, AME��AME 0.33, AME��ALE 0.99 ��� 0.10, PME��PME 0.46 ��� 0.52, PME��PLE 0.56 ��� 0.61, AME��PME 0.59 ��� 0.61, ALE��PLE 0.59 ��� 0.63, clypeus height at AME 0.41 ��� 0.52, clypeus height at ALE 0.34 ��� 0.44. Leg formula: 2143. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014 legs: femur I ��� II 323, III 322 (3), IV 331, Patella I 0(1)01, II ��� III 101, IV 0(1)01, tibia 2026, metatarsus I ��� II 1014, III 2014, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.7 ��� 12.2 [3.6 ��� 3.8, 1.9 ��� 2.0, 2.4 ��� 2.6, 3.8], I 28.4 ��� 29.8 [8.1 ��� 8.5, 4.1 ��� 4.3, 7.7 ��� 8.0, 6.4 ��� 6.8, 2.1 ��� 2.2], II 30.7 ��� 31.4 [9.1 ��� 9.5, 4.2, 8.2 ��� 8.5, 7.0 ��� 7.1, 2.1 ��� 2.2], III 25.5 ��� 25.8 [7.7 ��� 7.9, 3.3 ��� 3.6, 6.7 ��� 6.8, 5.6, 2.0 ��� 2.1], IV 26.4 ��� 27.7 [8.2 ��� 8.4, 3.0 ��� 3.4, 6.8 ��� 7.0, 6.3 ��� 6.7, 2.1 ��� 2.2]. Female with anterior bands of epigyne included in epigynal field, the latter with a number of muscle attachment points. Median septum freely visible, of somewhat penta�� to hexagonal shape and pointed at its posterior margin (Figs. 11, 15 ��� 16). Lateral lobes running diagonally, pointing to median line behind epigastric furrow. Epigyne without slit sense organs close to or within epigynal field. First windings of internal duct system running from the median line anterolaterally. Cheliceral furrow with denticles extended to intrasegmental membrane of fang. Palpal claw with 5 teeth. Colouration: As in male, but with less distinct pattern. Variation. Prosoma length of females varies between 6.7 and 9.3, prosoma of the third paratype male is 8.2. Dorsal margin of male RTA may vary in shape (Figs. 2, 7). Epigynal field of female may vary in shape and may exhibit a different number of muscle attachment points as well as differently shaped anterior bands (Figs. 11, 15 ��� 16). Median septum of epigyne may vary in shape and relative position, thus lateral lobes may appear longer or shorter. Anterior width of median septum may vary also. Slight variation may occur in the internal duct system (Figs. 13, 17). Bright patch in posterior half of opisthosoma can be less conspicuous or missing. Biology. Individuals of Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. are nocturnal spiders. They were found in (secondary) forests ambushing in most cases on leaves of shrubs, trees or bamboo usually 2 ��� 4 metres above the ground. However, one female (PJ 2190) was found in the night close to the ground between the stalks of a smaller bamboo plant. In contrast to other Heteropoda species caught in Laos, individuals of the new species were quite aggressive and have bitten the two authors in their fingers, which was moderately painful but without any serious symptoms afterwards except for a small redness. Distribution. Northern and Central Laos: Luang Nam Tha Prov. (Luang Nam Tha = type locality; Muang Sing), Vientiane Province (Vang Vieng)., Published as part of J��ger, Peter & Vedel, Vincent, 2005, Heteropoda dagmarae sp. nov. from Laos ��� a close relative of Heteropoda javana (Simon 1880) from Indonesia (Arachnida: Araneae: Sparassidae), pp. 17-26 in Zootaxa 1044 on pages 18-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169875