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1. The CaloCube calorimeter for high-energy cosmic-ray measurements in space: performance of a large-scale prototype

Author

Adriani, O., Agnesi, A., Albergo, S., Antonelli, M., Auditore, L., Basti, A., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Brogi, P., Castellini, G., Cattaneo, P. W., Checchia, C., Alessandro, R. D, Detti, S., Fasoli, M., Finetti, N., Italiano, A., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Mori, N., Orzan, G., Olmi, M., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Pellegriti, M. G., Pirzio, F., Pizzolotto, C., Poggiali, C., Rappoldi, A., Ricciarini, S., Sciuto, A., Spillantini, P., Starodubtsev, O., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Tiberio, A., Tricomi, A., Trifiro, A., Trimarchi, M., Vedda, A., Vannuccini, E., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays, up to the PeV energy region, will increasingly rely on highly performing calorimeters, and the physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. Thus, it is extremely important to optimize their geometrical design, granularity and absorption depth, with respect to the totalmass of the apparatus, which is amongst the most important constraints for a space mission. CaloCube is an homogeneous calorimeter whose basic geometry is cubic and isotropic, obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic scintillating crystals. In this way it is possible to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance. This design summarizes a three-year R&D activity, aiming to both optimize and study the full-scale performance of the calorimeter, in the perspective of a cosmic-ray space mission, and investigate a viable technical design by means of the construction of several sizable prototypes. A large scale prototype, made of a mesh of 5x5x18 CsI(Tl) crystals, has been constructed and tested on high-energy particle beams at CERN SPS accelerator. In this paper we describe the CaloCube design and present the results relative to the response of the large scale prototype to electrons., Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures

Published
2021
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3. A CUPID Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author

The CUPID Interest Group, Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Bourgeois, Ch., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Candela, A., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Deo, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompe, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Guerard, E., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. -F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivier, G., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Reynet, D., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A. S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table

Published
2020
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4. Characterization of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author

Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergè, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7$\pm$0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $\alpha$ particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $\alpha$-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.

Published
2020

7. Machine Learning Techniques for Pile-Up Rejection in Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author

Fantini, G., Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone, III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D’Addabbo, A., D’Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell’Oro, S., Domizio, S. Di, Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Published
2022
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8. The CALOCUBE project for a space based cosmic ray experiment: design, construction, and first performance of a high granularity calorimeter prototype

Author

O., Adriani, S., Albergo, L., Auditore, A., Basti, E., Berti, G., Bigongiari, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, P., Brogi, G., Cappello, G., Carotenuto, G., Castellini, W., Cattaneo P., R., Cecchi, C., Checchia, R., D'Alessandro, S., Detti, M., Fasoli, N., Finetti, A., Italiano, P., Lenzi, P., Maestro, M., Manetti, S., Marrocchesi P., N., Mori, F., Morsani, M., Olmi, A., Orsini, G., Orzan, L., Pacini, P., Papini, G., Pellegriti M., A., Rappoldi, S., Ricciarini, A., Sciuto, P., Spillantini, O., Starodubtsev, L., Stiaccini, F., Stolzi, A., Sulaj, E., Suh J., A., Tiberio, A., Tricomi, A., Trifiro, M., Trimarchi, E., Vannuccini, A., Vedda, Zampa, G., and N, N. Zampa

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Current research in High Energy Cosmic Ray Physics touches on fundamental questions regarding the origin of cosmic rays, their composition, the acceleration mechanisms, and their production. Unambiguous measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays at the "knee" region could provide some of the answers to the above questions. So far only ground based observations, which rely on sophisticated models describing high energy interactions in the earth's atmosphere, have been possible due to the extremely low particle rates at these energies. A calorimetry based space experiment that could provide not only flux measurements but also energy spectra and particle identification, would certainly overcome some of the uncertainties of ground based experiments. Given the expected particle fluxes, a very large acceptance is needed to collect a sufficient quantity of data, in a time compatible with the duration of a space mission. This in turn, contrasts with the lightness and compactness requirements for space based experiments. We present a novel idea in calorimetry which addresses these issues whilst limiting the mass and volume of the detector. In this paper we report on a four year R&D program where we investigated materials, coatings, photo-sensors, Front End electronics, and mechanical structures with the aim of designing a high performance, high granularity calorimeter with the largest possible acceptance. Details are given of the design choices, component characterisation, and of the construction of a sizeable prototype (Calocube) which has been used in various tests with particle beams.

Published
2019
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9. Structure-property relationship of scintillating garnet optical ceramics towards effective radiation detection schemes

Author

Cova, F, Hostasa, J, Colucci, M, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Biasini, V, Picelli, F, Veronese, I, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Lorenzi, R, F. Cova, J. Hostasa, M. Colucci, A. Piancastelli, L. Esposito, V. Biasini, F. Picelli, I. Veronese, A. Paleari, A. Vedda, R. Lorenzi, Cova, F, Hostasa, J, Colucci, M, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Biasini, V, Picelli, F, Veronese, I, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Lorenzi, R, F. Cova, J. Hostasa, M. Colucci, A. Piancastelli, L. Esposito, V. Biasini, F. Picelli, I. Veronese, A. Paleari, A. Vedda, and R. Lorenzi

Published
2024

10. Innovative approaches to advanced X-ray detection with layered garnet optical ceramics

Author

Lorenzi, R, Hostaša, J, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Biasini, V, Picelli, F, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Cova, F, Lorenzi R, Hostaša J, Piancastelli A, Esposito L, Biasini V, Picelli F, Paleari A, Vedda A, Cova F, Lorenzi, R, Hostaša, J, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Biasini, V, Picelli, F, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Cova, F, Lorenzi R, Hostaša J, Piancastelli A, Esposito L, Biasini V, Picelli F, Paleari A, Vedda A, and Cova F

Abstract

The efficient detection of ionizing radiation is crucial in various tools developed for X-ray-based security, particle identification, and medical diagnostics. Intensive research is underway to enhance the performance of current detectors, focusing on improving sensitivity, and timing response. In the well-known garnet single crystal family, new complex compositions are emerging, with Gd3(Ga,Al)5O12 (GGAG) recently gaining attention due to its high light yield of over 104 photons/MeV and short scintillation lifetime of a few tens of ns when doped with Cerium. Nevertheless, the challenges associated with producing bulk crystals have prompted a search for alternative and more manageable materials. In this context, advancements in sintering techniques for transforming crystalline micro-grains into bulk ceramics with high optical quality have enabled optical ceramics to become highly competitive compared to single crystals. This is due to the relative ease of production, the ability to uniformly incorporate high concentrations of activators, and the versatility of shaping that allows for complex geometries in a single piece without requiring mechanical post-processing or bonding. Our recent research efforts have resulted in the development of fully densified Ce:GGAG optical ceramics through reaction sintering using commercial oxide powders [1]. We optimized the synthesis process to eliminate porosity and achieve good optical quality by employing a combined approach involving pressureless sintering in air followed by hot isostatic pressing, along with the use of sintering aids. Furthermore, directional sensitivity is a crucial requirement for detectors used in locating orphan nuclear sources. To address this, we also explore unconventional geometries by combining two layers of different garnets (Ce:GGAG and Pr:YAG), revealing a scintillation response strongly influenced by the material architecture, extending the potential of layered optical ceramics for energy- and dire

Published
2024

11. Ultrafast and Radiation-Hard Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators

Author

Erroi, A, Mecca, S, Zaffalon, M, Frank, I, Carulli, F, Cemmi, A, Di Sarcina, I, Debellis, D, Rossi, F, Cova, F, Pauwels, K, Mauri, M, Perego, J, Pinchetti, V, Comotti, A, Meinardi, F, Vedda, A, Auffray, E, Beverina, L, Brovelli, S, Erroi, Andrea, Mecca, Sara, Zaffalon, Matteo L., Frank, Isabel, Carulli, Francesco, Cemmi, Alessia, Di Sarcina, Ilaria, Debellis, Doriana, Rossi, Francesca, Cova, Francesca, Pauwels, Kristof, Mauri, Michele, Perego, Jacopo, Pinchetti, Valerio, Comotti, Angiolina, Meinardi, Francesco, Vedda, Anna, Auffray, Etiennette, Beverina, Luca, Brovelli, Sergio, Erroi, A, Mecca, S, Zaffalon, M, Frank, I, Carulli, F, Cemmi, A, Di Sarcina, I, Debellis, D, Rossi, F, Cova, F, Pauwels, K, Mauri, M, Perego, J, Pinchetti, V, Comotti, A, Meinardi, F, Vedda, A, Auffray, E, Beverina, L, Brovelli, S, Erroi, Andrea, Mecca, Sara, Zaffalon, Matteo L., Frank, Isabel, Carulli, Francesco, Cemmi, Alessia, Di Sarcina, Ilaria, Debellis, Doriana, Rossi, Francesca, Cova, Francesca, Pauwels, Kristof, Mauri, Michele, Perego, Jacopo, Pinchetti, Valerio, Comotti, Angiolina, Meinardi, Francesco, Vedda, Anna, Auffray, Etiennette, Beverina, Luca, and Brovelli, Sergio

Abstract

The use of scintillators for the detection of ionizing radiation is a critical aspect in many fields, including medicine, nuclear monitoring, and homeland security. Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) have emerged as promising scintillator materials. However, the difficulty of affordably upscaling synthesis to the multigram level and embedding NCs in optical-grade nanocomposites without compromising their optical properties still limits their widespread use. In addition, fundamental aspects of the scintillation mechanisms are not fully understood, leaving the scientific community without suitable fabrication protocols and rational guidelines for the full exploitation of their potential. In this work, we realize large polyacrylate nanocomposite scintillators based on CsPbBr3 NCs, which are synthesized via a novel room temperature, low waste turbo-emulsification approach, followed by their in situ transformation during the mass polymerization process. The interaction between NCs and polymer chains strengthens the scintillator structure, homogenizes the particle size distribution and passivates NC defects, resulting in nanocomposite prototypes with luminescence efficiency >90%, exceptional radiation hardness, 4800 ph/MeV scintillation yield even at low NC loading, and ultrafast response time, with over 30% of scintillation occurring in the first 80 ps, promising for fast-time applications in precision medicine and high-energy physics. Ultrafast radioluminescence and optical spectroscopy experiments using pulsed synchrotron light further disambiguate the origin of the scintillation kinetics as the result of charged-exciton and multiexciton recombination formed under ionizing excitation. This highlights the role of nonradiative Auger decay, whose potential impact on fast timing applications we anticipate via a kinetic model.

Published
2024

24. Highly luminescent scintillating hetero-ligand MOF nanocrystals with engineered Stokes shift for photonic applications

Author

J. Perego, Charl X. Bezuidenhout, I. Villa, F. Cova, R. Crapanzano, I. Frank, F. Pagano, N. Kratochwill, E. Auffray, S. Bracco, A. Vedda, C. Dujardin, P. E. Sozzani, F. Meinardi, A. Comotti, and A. Monguzzi

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The development of highly luminescent materials such as large Stokes shift fast emitters is desirable for their potential application in photonics. Here the authors engineer hetero-ligand metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles to achieve high emission yield, large Stokes shift and realize a prototypal fast scintillator.

Published
2022
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27. CaloCube: a novel calorimeter for high-energy cosmic rays in space

Author

Cattaneo, P. W., Adriani, O., Albergo, S., Auditore, L., Basti, A., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Bonechi, L., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Brogi, P., Carotenuto, G., Castellini, G., ďAlessandro, R., Detti, S., Fasoli, M., Finetti, N., Italiano, A., Lenzi, P., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Mori, N., Olmi, M., Orzan, G., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Pellegriti, M. G., Rappoldi, A., Ricciarini, S., Rossella, M., Sciutto, A., Spillantini, P., Starodubtsev, O., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Tiberio, A., Tricomi, A., Trifiró, A., Trimarchi, M., Vannuccini, E., Vedda, A., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

In order to extend the direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays up to the PeV region, highly performing calorimeters with large geometrical acceptance and high energy resolution are required. Within the constraint of the total mass of the apparatus, crucial for a space mission, the calorimeters must be optimized with respect to their geometrical acceptance, granularity and absorption depth. CaloCube is a homogeneous calorimeter with cubic geometry, to maximise the acceptance being sensitive to particles from every direction in space; granularity is obtained by relying on small cubic scintillating crystals as active elements. Different scintillating materials have been studied. The crystal sizes and spacing among them have been optimized with respect to the energy resolution. A prototype, based on CsI(Tl) cubic crystals, has been constructed and tested with particle beams. Some results of tests with different beams at CERN are presented., Comment: Seven pages, seven pictures. Proceedings of INSTR17 Novosibirsk

Published
2017
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37. Layered Y3Al5O12:Pr/Gd3(Ga,Al)5O12:Ce optical ceramics: Synthesis and photo-physical properties

Author

Cova, F, Hostaša, J, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Lorenzi, R, Cova, Francesca, Hostaša, Jan, Piancastelli, Andreana, Esposito, Laura, Paleari, Alberto, Vedda, Anna, Lorenzi, Roberto, Cova, F, Hostaša, J, Piancastelli, A, Esposito, L, Paleari, A, Vedda, A, Lorenzi, R, Cova, Francesca, Hostaša, Jan, Piancastelli, Andreana, Esposito, Laura, Paleari, Alberto, Vedda, Anna, and Lorenzi, Roberto

Abstract

We report a study of composite scintillating ceramics based on coupled layers of two different garnets, namely Ce-doped gadolinium gallium aluminium (GGAG:Ce) and Pr-doped yttrium aluminium (YAG:Pr), fabricated by hot isostatic pressing. Two samples were prepared, with different GGAG:Ce layer thickness, 120 µm and 690 µm respectively, but with a comparable overall thickness of 1.4 mm. The key finding is that the material architecture strongly determines the scintillation response. The radioluminescence is that expected from the irradiated material when a thick layer of ceramic is exposed to X-rays. Conversely, exposing a thin layer allows a non-null probability —about 0.3% for 120 µm of GGAG— of finding an X-ray photon in the underlying layer, and thus radioluminescence from both materials is recorded. We believe these results can extend the potential of layered optical ceramics for advanced devices, such as energy- and direction-sensitive X-ray detectors.

Published
2023

38. Surface Functionalization and Photosensitizer Coupling in Hybrid ZnO/SiO2 Nanoscintillators

Author

Mostoni, S, Villa, I, D’Arienzo, M, DI CREDICO, B, Bulin, A, Fasoli, M, Vedda, A, Scotti, R, Silvia Mostoni, Irene Villa, Massimiliano D’Arienzo, Barbara Di Credico, Anne-Laure Bulin, Mauro Fasoli, Anna Vedda, Roberto Scotti, Mostoni, S, Villa, I, D’Arienzo, M, DI CREDICO, B, Bulin, A, Fasoli, M, Vedda, A, Scotti, R, Silvia Mostoni, Irene Villa, Massimiliano D’Arienzo, Barbara Di Credico, Anne-Laure Bulin, Mauro Fasoli, Anna Vedda, and Roberto Scotti

Published
2023

39. Ultrafast and Radiation-Hard Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocomposite Scintillators

Author

Erroi, A, Mecca, S, Zaffalon, M, Frank, I, Carulli, F, Cemmi, A, Di Sarcina, I, Debellis, D, Rossi, F, Cova, F, Pauwels, K, Mauri, M, Perego, J, Pinchetti, V, Comotti, A, Meinardi, F, Vedda, A, Auffray, E, Beverina, L, Brovelli, S, Erroi, Andrea, Mecca, Sara, Zaffalon, Matteo L., Frank, Isabel, Carulli, Francesco, Cemmi, Alessia, Di Sarcina, Ilaria, Debellis, Doriana, Rossi, Francesca, Cova, Francesca, Pauwels, Kristof, Mauri, Michele, Perego, Jacopo, Pinchetti, Valerio, Comotti, Angiolina, Meinardi, Francesco, Vedda, Anna, Auffray, Etiennette, Beverina, Luca, Brovelli, Sergio, Erroi, A, Mecca, S, Zaffalon, M, Frank, I, Carulli, F, Cemmi, A, Di Sarcina, I, Debellis, D, Rossi, F, Cova, F, Pauwels, K, Mauri, M, Perego, J, Pinchetti, V, Comotti, A, Meinardi, F, Vedda, A, Auffray, E, Beverina, L, Brovelli, S, Erroi, Andrea, Mecca, Sara, Zaffalon, Matteo L., Frank, Isabel, Carulli, Francesco, Cemmi, Alessia, Di Sarcina, Ilaria, Debellis, Doriana, Rossi, Francesca, Cova, Francesca, Pauwels, Kristof, Mauri, Michele, Perego, Jacopo, Pinchetti, Valerio, Comotti, Angiolina, Meinardi, Francesco, Vedda, Anna, Auffray, Etiennette, Beverina, Luca, and Brovelli, Sergio

Abstract

The use of scintillators for the detection of ionizing radiation is a critical aspect in many fields, including medicine, nuclear monitoring, and homeland security. Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) have emerged as promising scintillator materials. However, the difficulty of affordably upscaling synthesis to the multigram level and embedding NCs in optical-grade nanocomposites without compromising their optical properties still limits their widespread use. In addition, fundamental aspects of the scintillation mechanisms are not fully understood, leaving the scientific community without suitable fabrication protocols and rational guidelines for the full exploitation of their potential. In this work, we realize large polyacrylate nanocomposite scintillators based on CsPbBr3 NCs, which are synthesized via a novel room temperature, low waste turbo-emulsification approach, followed by their in situ transformation during the mass polymerization process. The interaction between NCs and polymer chains strengthens the scintillator structure, homogenizes the particle size distribution and passivates NC defects, resulting in nanocomposite prototypes with luminescence efficiency >90%, exceptional radiation hardness, 4800 ph/MeV scintillation yield even at low NC loading, and ultrafast response time, with over 30% of scintillation occurring in the first 80 ps, promising for fast-time applications in precision medicine and high-energy physics. Ultrafast radioluminescence and optical spectroscopy experiments using pulsed synchrotron light further disambiguate the origin of the scintillation kinetics as the result of charged-exciton and multiexciton recombination formed under ionizing excitation. This highlights the role of nonradiative Auger decay, whose potential impact on fast timing applications we anticipate via a kinetic model.

Published
2023

40. Efficient radioactive gas detection by scintillating porous metal–organic frameworks

Author

Orfano, M, Perego, J, Cova, F, Bezuidenhout, C, Piva, S, Dujardin, C, Sabot, B, Pierre, S, Mai, P, Daniel, C, Bracco, S, Vedda, A, Comotti, A, Monguzzi, A, Orfano, Matteo, Perego, Jacopo, Cova, Francesca, Bezuidenhout, Charl X., Piva, Sergio, Dujardin, Christophe, Sabot, Benoit, Pierre, Sylvie, Mai, Pavlo, Daniel, Christophe, Bracco, Silvia, Vedda, Anna, Comotti, Angiolina, Monguzzi, Angelo, Orfano, M, Perego, J, Cova, F, Bezuidenhout, C, Piva, S, Dujardin, C, Sabot, B, Pierre, S, Mai, P, Daniel, C, Bracco, S, Vedda, A, Comotti, A, Monguzzi, A, Orfano, Matteo, Perego, Jacopo, Cova, Francesca, Bezuidenhout, Charl X., Piva, Sergio, Dujardin, Christophe, Sabot, Benoit, Pierre, Sylvie, Mai, Pavlo, Daniel, Christophe, Bracco, Silvia, Vedda, Anna, Comotti, Angiolina, and Monguzzi, Angelo

Abstract

Natural and anthropogenic gas radionuclides such as radon, xenon, hydrogen and krypton isotopes must be monitored to be managed as pathogenic agents, radioactive diagnostic agents or nuclear activity indicators. State-of-the-art detectors based on liquid scintillators suffer from laborious preparation and limited solubility for gases, which affect the accuracy of the measurements. The actual challenge is to find solid scintillating materials simultaneously capable of concentrating radioactive gases and efficiently producing visible light revealed with high sensitivity. The high porosity, combined with the use of scintillating building blocks in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), offers the possibility to satisfy these requisites. We demonstrate the capability of a hafnium-based MOF incorporating dicarboxy-9,10-diphenylanthracene as a scintillating conjugated ligand to detect gas radionuclides. Metal–organic frameworks show fast scintillation, a fluorescence yield of ∼40%, and accessible porosity suitable for hosting noble gas atoms and ions. Adsorption and detection of 85Kr, 222Rn and 3H radionuclides are explored through a newly developed device that is based on a time coincidence technique. Metal–organic framework crystalline powder demonstrated an improved sensitivity, showing a linear response down to a radioactivity value below 1 kBq m−3 for 85Kr, which outperforms commercial devices. These results support the possible use of scintillating porous MOFs to fabricate sensitive detectors of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides.

Published
2023

42. Recent Advances in Scintillating Optical Fibre Dosimeters

Author

Veronese, Ivan, Cantone, Marie Claire, Gallo, Salvatore, De Mattia, Cristina, d’Ippolito, Eduardo, Ludwig, Nicola, Gargano, Marco, Cialdi, Simone, Latorre, Stefano, Chiodini, Norberto, Fasoli, Mauro, Moretti, Federico, Mones, Eleonora, Loi, Gianfranco, Vedda, Anna, Bortignon, Pier Francesco, editor, Lodato, Giuseppe, editor, Meroni, Emanuela, editor, Paris, Matteo G.A., editor, Perini, Laura, editor, and Vicini, Alessandro, editor

Published
2018
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