Search

Gli interventi di discussione dell’articolo-bersaglio: “La psicologia della salute come professione ...” stimolano gli Autori a disegnare un percorso di costruzione scientifico-professionale della psicologia della salute (PdS) come processo aperto, articolato in divenire, fondato sull’intreccio fra cinque dimensioni-base: a) costruzione fenomenica (sviluppo storico-socioculturale di rappresentazioni, modelli, pratiche di salute); b) costruzione scientifica (sviluppo di teorie e metodi ancorati a un paradigma); c) costruzione professionale (sviluppo di posizionamenti, profili, contesti professionali); d) costruzione formativa (sviluppo di percorsi, obiettivi e delle competenze attese); e) costruzione istituzionale (“territorializzazione” della PdS sul piano scientifico-professionale in relazione al welfare e alla servitizzazione dell’offerta di salute). Il processo è disegnato in modo sistemico e circolare

partire da una ricerca condotta nel 2023 in Italia sugli psicologi professionisti, sono focalizzati e discussi alcuni risultati che illustrano il percorso di professionalizzazione della psicologia della salute. L’analisi dei dati indica che: 1. la salute rappresenta un ancoraggio per gran parte dei professionisti psicologi (80%) ma solo come riferimento tematico e non pragmatico, ovvero come organizzatore della rappresentazione della professione ma non delle pratiche professionali; 2. un design professionale della psicologia della salute deve tener conto di una articolazione plurale dei contesti operativi entro cui la disciplina si colloca; 3. un percorso di professionalizzazione della disciplina è chiamato a confrontarsi anche con la variazione dei contesti professionali entro cui la psicologia della salute si colloca: anzitutto con i cambiamenti in atto relativi al contesto pubblico di welfare (implosione) e con quelli presenti nel contesto libero-professionale (crescita).

L’università rappresenta un ambiente ricco di rischi e opportunità. La salute degli studenti universitari è una questione complessa, messa ancor più a dura prova dalla pandemia COVID-19. Il presente studio si proponeva di ampliare i risultati della letteratura esistente indagando il ruolo dei fattori sociodemografici, individuali e contestuali sugli esiti di salute. È stato condotto uno studio trasversale: un questionario online è stato distribuito nel 2020 a studenti universitari italiani (N=614). Sono stati condotti due modelli di regressione gerar-chica utilizzando come esiti il benessere e i sintomi psicosomatici. I predittori includevano: sesso, stato socioeconomico soggettivo, ansia del futuro, senso di coerenza (SoC), Digital Health Literacy (DHLI) e soddisfazione universitaria. I risultati sono parzialmente in linea con la letteratura precedente. Le variabili sociodemo-grafiche sembrano avere un ruolo limitato nel predire i risultati di salute. Il sesso femminile è stato associato a un maggior numero di sintomi psicosomatici, mentre non è emersa alcuna differenza per il benessere. L’aggiunta di variabili individuali ha migliorato significativamente entrambi i modelli. In linea con altri studi, l’Ansia del futuro è associata negativamente ai risul-tati di salute, mentre il SoC ha mostrato un’associazione positiva. La soddisfazione universita-ria è associata positivamente a entrambe le dimensioni. L’ansia del futuro ha presentato le as-sociazioni più forti, mentre la DHLI non risulta associata ad alcun esito di salute. Questo studio conferma i risultati della letteratura sul fatto che diversi fattori concorrono nell’influenzare il benessere degli studenti universitari e che l’università può avere un ruolo importante nel promuoverlo., The university represents an environment rich in both risks and opportunities. The health of university students is a complex issue, and it was even more challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to expand existing literature findings by investigating the role of sociodemographic, individual, and contextual factors on health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted: an online survey was distributed to Italian university students (N = 614) in 2020. Two hierarchical regression models were conducted using with Wellbeing and Health complaints as outcomes. Predictors included sex, subjective socioeconomic status, future anxiety, Sense of Coherence (SoC), Digital Health Literacy (DHLI) and University satisfaction. The results were partially in line with previous literature. Sociodemographic variables appeared to have a small role in predicting health outcomes. Being female was associated with more Health complaints, while no difference in Wellbeing emerged. The addition of individual variables improved both models significantly. In line with other studies, FA showed a negative association with health outcomes, while SoC showed a positive association. University satisfaction showed a protective association with both outcomes. Future Anxiety presented the strongest associations, while DHLI had no association with health outcomes.

L’identità professionale degli insegnanti è un importante costrutto che tuttavia non trova in letteratura una definizione e un background teorico condivisi. I differenti ruoli che gli insegnanti possono rivestire sono raramente considerati in maniera integrata nella definizione dell’identità professionale, in particolare in relazione al loro ruolo di promotori della salute. Vi è carenza di strumenti quantitativi adatti – e di studi – che indaghino la relazione tra identità di ruolo e condizioni lavorative e di salute degli insegnanti. Lo studio intende sopperire a tali mancanze validando un nuovo strumento basato sull’identità di ruolo, il Teacher Role Identity Questionnaire (TRIQ), e valutandone le associazioni con outcome di lavoro e salute. All’interno della ricerca sul benessere degli insegnanti svolta in Lombardia parallelamente alla survey cross-nazionale HBSC, 5725 docenti delle scuole secondarie hanno compilato un questionario online su temi di lavoro e salute. Sono state svolte un’analisi delle componenti principali e un’analisi fattoriale confermativa al fine di validare la scala. TRIQ identifica 3 ruoli negli insegnanti: Pedagogico, Promozionale e Tradizionale. I fattori sono stati utilizzati come variabili indipendenti in regressioni multiple. Le variabili di outcome utilizzate sono: Work Engagement, Autoefficacia e dimensioni di Burnout. Tutti e tre i fattori hanno dimostrato associazioni positive con Work Engagement e Autoefficacia. I ruoli Pedagogico e Promozionale hanno un potenziale ruolo protettivo in relazione alle dimensioni di Burnout. TRIQ rappresenta uno strumento efficace per indagare l’identità professionale degli insegnanti distinguendone i differenti ruoli e per valutarne le associazioni con outcome di lavoro e di benessere. L’identità professionale degli insegnanti è infatti multiforme e costituisce una dimensione rilevante per il loro lavoro. In tal modo, TRIQ permette di esplorare aspetti fino ad ora trascurati in letteratura.

In questo breve commento, dopo aver delineato alcuni aspetti caratterizzanti la proposta degli autori in merito all'insegnamento delle competenze cognitive e non cognitive e, più in generale, la promozione della salute a scuola, viene brevemente fatto cenno ad alcune difficoltà legate alla condizione attuale del mondo della scuola che possono ostacolare la realizzazione del progetto proposto, In this brief commentary, after outlined some aspects characterizing the authors' proposal regarding the teaching of cognitive and non-cognitive skills and, more generally, health promotion at school, some difficulties related to the current condition of the school world are briefly mentioned, since they can hinder the implementation of the proposed project.

Background. Discussion on the impact of pocket money on positive behaviors is still debated.Objective. To investigate the effect of diverse money allowance schemes on risky behaviors (smoking, alcohol, binge drinking, drug use, gambling) during adolescence.Method. 989 students aged 15 from Lombardy (Italy) reported information on money availability in the 2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. To analyze the relationship between money availability and risky behaviors we computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals through unconditional multiple logistic regression models.Results. Spending more than 10(sic) weekly was associated with higher likelihood to smoke, binge drink or gamble. Receiving pocket money (rather than receiving money upon request) was related to higher likelihood to engage in risky behaviors.Conclusions. Pocket money may have a negative impact on adolescents, particularly with a substantial amount of money. More research is needed to understand why providing money only if needed may serve as a protective factor against risky behaviors.

The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78–0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26–1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10–1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.What is Known:• Adolescents' are at-risk of more significant sleep difficulties, and recent literature highlights the importance of an integrated approach to understanding this phenomenon, including biological, psychosocial, and cont

BACKGROUND: Health behaviours in adolescence have a high impact on both current and future health. The literature claims a focus on social determinants and shows that these behaviours are associated. The concept of 'health lifestyles' should be considered to account for co-occurring health behaviours and determinants interactions. The aim of this study is to increase our understanding of adolescents' health lifestyles and to (i) cluster adolescents according to a comprehensive number of health behaviours and (ii) describe these groups according to sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions of life contexts (family, school, peers or neighbourhood) and perceived physical and psychosocial health conditions. METHODS: In Italy, 906 15-year-old students participated in the cross-national Health Behaviour of School-aged Children study. Clusters were identified by applying the KAMILA clustering method and compared using analysis of variance and chi-squared tests.Results: Four clusters were identified: 'substance consumers', 'media lovers', 'active students' and 'passive students'. Each cluster exhibited different characteristics related to health behaviours and social determinants. CONCLUSIONS: Interesting associations between health behaviours were identified, which showed the relevance of considering the adolescents' overall lifestyles. The description of each cluster permitted the identification of risks and protective factors, which may be important for designing effective health promotion activities.

The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated “infodemic” have shown the importance of surveillance and promotion of health literacy, especially for young adults such as university students who use digital media to a very high degree. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the COVID-19 adapted version of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI). This cross-sectional study is part of the COVID-19 University Students Survey involving 3985 students from two Italian universities. First, item analysis and internal consistency were assessed. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed comparing different models. The Italian DHLI showed good psychometric characteristics. The protecting privacy subscale was excluded, given the criticalities presented in the validation process. CFA confirmed the four-factor structure, also including a highorder factor. This result allows using the scale to measure a global level of digital health literacy and consider its levels separately for each construct component: searching the web for information, evaluating reliability, determining personal relevance, and adding self-generated content.

01 juli 2023, Contains fulltext : 294975.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline is causally associated with kidney failure and is a candidate surrogate endpoint for clinical trials of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Analyses across a diverse spectrum of interventions and populations is required for acceptance of GFR decline as an endpoint. In an analysis of individual participant data, for each of 66 studies (total of 186,312 participants), we estimated treatment effects on the total GFR slope, computed from baseline to 3 years, and chronic slope, starting at 3 months after randomization, and on the clinical endpoint (doubling of serum creatinine, GFR < 15 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) or kidney failure with replacement therapy). We used a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression model to relate treatment effects on GFR slope with those on the clinical endpoint across all studies and by disease groups (diabetes, glomerular diseases, CKD or cardiovascular diseases). Treatment effects on the clinical endpoint were strongly associated with treatment effects on total slope (median coefficient of determination (R(2)) = 0.97 (95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) 0.82-1.00)) and moderately associated with those on chronic slope (R(2) = 0.55 (95% BCI 0.25-0.77)). There was no evidence of heterogeneity across disease. Our results support the use of total slope as a primary endpoint for clinical trials of CKD progression.

La pandemia da COVID-19 ha avuto un notevole impatto sul sistema scolastico e sugli insegnanti. Una serie di cambiamenti senza precedenti ha visto passare la scuola dalle chiusure all’adozione di protocolli di sicurezza, distanziamento e utilizzo di dispositivi sanitari, dalla didattica a distanza alla didattica digitale integrata, dalla normalità a un presente incerto e mutevole. Assume rilevanza, quindi, indagare i cambiamenti avvenuti negli insegnanti sulle loro condizioni lavorative e di salute. In Lombardia, parallelamente alla survey cross-nazionale HBSC si svolge una ricerca sul benessere degli insegnanti con un campione rappresentativo delle scuole secondarie. Obiettivo di questo studio è confrontare i dati relativi all’edizione precedente la pandemia (2018; N=1483) con quelli relativi alla più recente edizione (2022; N=5847). Il questionario è analogo per entrambe le edizioni. Le dimensioni prese in considerazione riguardano: salute percepita, autoefficacia, burnout, work engagement, presenteismo, centralità del proprio lavoro, soddisfazione lavorativa, appartenenza organizzativa e altre dimensioni circa il supporto del dirigente scolastico e le condizioni lavorative. I confronti sono stati effettuati tramite t-test a campioni indipendenti. Più della metà degli indicatori presi in considerazione presenta valori statisticamente differenti rispetto all’edizione del 2018. La maggior parte dei cambiamenti è in direzione negativa per gli insegnanti, con alcune eccezioni come la realizzazione personale (burnout). Dimensioni come l’autoefficacia e la salute percepita non presentano differenze significative. Le differenze sono di ampiezza molto piccola o medio-piccola. Sebbene la pandemia abbia avuto un notevole impatto sulle scuole, gli insegnanti sembrano essere riusciti a gestire i cambiamenti senza avere ricadute consistenti a lungo termine sulla loro salute, probabilmente grazie ad un maggior riconoscimento del loro ruolo professionale.

Plastic pollution is an urgent worldwide environmental issue affecting marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Half of the global plastic production is dedicated to items only used once: the so-defined single-use plastic (SUP) items. Different strategies have been implemented to reduce SUP consumption. Game-based solutions are an emerging strategy to favour behaviour change. The present systematic review aims at providing a synthesis of the current evidence about the use of game-based solutions to encourage sustainable behaviours concerning plastic (i.e., consumption, avoidance, waste management, pollution). Relevant studies were identified via three databases: Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science for qualifying papers published between 2015 and 2021. Twenty-two studies that employed or designed game-based interventions to address the plastic problem were included. Results suggest that there is still little research exploring the use of game-based solutions to address the plastic issue. The studies included in this review mostly aim at changing behaviours and raising awareness towards plastic pollution among the general public. Although findings suggest that game-based intervention can be promising in terms of engagement and motivation and increasing knowledge of the issue, there is still little research focused on proving actual behaviour change, especially over time and in different settings.

n/a

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a devasting disease that has unfortunately proven very difficult to treat. Exploring new therapeutic options and getting an early diagnosis is crucial to improve the outcomes for those affected. Studying the intestinal, pancreatic, and oral microbiota offers exciting perspectives to understand the development of pancreatic cancer better. Particular expressions of the microbiota could help both for early diagnosis and for predicting the response to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. This area of research is very promising; therefore, further studies are needed to increase the available data. Pancreatic cancer (PC) has an unfavorable prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. This has led researchers to investigate the possible links between microbiota and PC. A disrupted gut microbiome can lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of PC. In addition, some bacterial strains can produce carcinogens that promote the growth of cancer cells. Research has also focused on pancreatic and oral microbiota. Changes in these microbiota can contribute to the development and progression of PC. Furthermore, patients with periodontal disease have an increased risk of developing PC. The potential use of microbiota as a prognostic marker or to predict patients' responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy is also being explored. Overall, the role of microbiota-including the gut, pancreatic, and oral microbiota-in PC is an active research area. Understanding these associations could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this deadly disease.

The present study explores the concurrent contribution to sleep problems of individual-related, family-related, and school-related factors in adolescence. Gathering from the Italian 2018 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) data collection, we used hierarchical logistic regression on a sample of 3397 adolescents (51% females, Mage = 13.99, SD = 1.62) to explore the contribution to sleep problems of the individual (Model 1: alcohol use, smoking, screen time, physical activity), familial (Model 2: parental communication, parental support), and school-related (Model 3: peer support, schoolmates/students support, teacher support and school pressure) variables. 28.3 percent of adolescents reported having sleep difficulties. Overall, Model 3 significantly improved over Model 2 and Model 1. Data showed that increasing smoking (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20) and screen time (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.08) were associated with sleep difficulties but not alcohol use and physical activity. Also, impaired communication with both parents and increasing parental support (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were associated with decreased odds of sleep problems. Finally, both increases in school pressure (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.26-1.56) and lack of student support (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10-1.42) were associated with a higher likelihood of sleep problems, while peer support and teacher support were not.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of an integrated approach to the study of sleep difficulties in adolescence that includes specific psychosocial contributors such as the quality of parental communication and perceived parental support and considers the quality of the day-to-day relationship with schoolmates and the school level of demands.

Ultrasound imaging is the first-line investigation for patients with abdominal symptoms, as it effectively depicts the gastrointestinal tract and enables the diagnosis of multiple pathological conditions. Among different recent ultrasound technological advancements, elastography enables the evaluation of various tissue characteristics, such as neoplastic transformation or fibroinflammatory status. In recent years, ultrasound elastography has been utilized extensively for the study of liver diseases and in numerous other clinical settings, including gastrointestinal diseases. Current guidelines suggest the use of transabdominal ultrasound elastography to characterize bowel wall lesions, to assess gastrointestinal contractility, to diagnose and grade chronic pancreatitis; however, no specific indications are provided. In the present paper, we summarize the evidence concerning the application of different ultrasound elastography modalities in gastrointestinal non-liver diseases.